Abstract
One of the most controversial issues in primate palaeontology concerns the phylogenetic position of the extinct primate inf raorder Adapiformes1,2. During the Eocene, this group of primates of modern aspect possessed a holarctic distribution1–12, and may have been present in the poorly known Palaeogene of Africa10. Mainly on the basis of craniodental morphology, at least four hypotheses have been proposed concerning the phylogenetic interrelationships among adapiforms and other primate higher taxa: (1) that adapiforms are ancestral to both lemuriforms (including Lorisoidea) and anthropoids8–10'13; (2) that adapiforms cannot be shown to possess a special phylogenetic relationship with either lemuriforms14'15 or anthropoids15−18; (3) that adapiforms are the sister taxon of lemuriforms16–18; and (4) that Adapiformes is not a natural, monophyletic group, but rather consists of nested clades within the radiation of lemuriforms19–25. Here, we describe features of the ankle and wrist joints of several adapiform taxa that provide an independent test of the preceding hypotheses. These traits suggest that lemuriforms are monophyletic with respect to known adapiforms, but that adapiforms nevertheless are their stem lineage (sensu Ax26).
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 51 print issues and online access
$199.00 per year
only $3.90 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Szalay, F. S. & Delson, E. Evolutionary History of the Primates (Academic, New York, 1979).
Hoffstetter, R. Bull. Mem. Soc. Anthrop. Paris 4, 327–346 (1977).
Simons, E. L. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist., Geol. 7, 1–36 (1962).
Godinot, M. C. r. hebd. Seanc. Acad. Sci., Paris, D286, 1869–1872 (1978).
Gingerich, P. D. & Simons, E. L. Contr. Mus. Paleont. Univ. Mich. 24, 245–279 (1977).
Gingerich, P. D. J. Paleont. 53, 153–163 (1979).
Gingerich, P. D. Nature 319, 319–321 (1986).
Gingerich, P. D. in Evolutionary Biology of the New World Monkeys and Continental Drift (eds Ciochon, R. L. & Chiarelli, A. B.) 123–138 (Plenum, New York, 1980).
Gingerich, P. D. Contr. Mus. Paleont. Univ. Mich. 24, 163–170 (1975).
Gingerich, P. D. Geobios, Mem. Spec. 1, 165–182 (1977).
Russell, D. E. & Gingerich, P. D. C. r. hebd. Seanc. Acad. Sci., Paris (Ser. 2) 304, 209–214 (1987).
Beard, K. C. Am. J. phys. Anthrop. (in the press).
Gingerich, P. D. & Schoeninger, M. J. hum. Evol. 6, 483–505 (1977).
Rasmussen, D. T. J. hum. Evol. 15, 1–12 (1986).
Cartmill, M. & Kay, R. F. in Recent Advances in Primatology Vol. 3, Evolution (eds Chivers, D. J. & Joysey, K. A.) 205–214 (Academic, London 1978).
Rosenberger, A. L. & Szalay, F. S. in Evolutionary Biology of the New World Monkeys and Continental Drift (eds Ciochon, R. L. & Chiarelli, A. B.) 139–157 (Plenum, New York, 1980).
Rosenberger, A. L., Strasser, E. & Delson, E. Folia Primatol. 44, 15–39 (1985).
Rosenberger, A. L. & Strasser, E. Primates 26, 73–84 (1985).
Schwartz, J. H., Tattersall, I. & Eldredge, N. Yb. phys. Anthrop. 21, 95–133 (1978).
Schwartz, J. H. & Tattersall, I. Anthrop. Pap. Am. Mus. nat. Hist. 55, 271–283 (1979).
Schwartz, J. H. & Tattersall, I. Folia Primatol. 39, 178–186 (1982).
Schwartz, J. H. & Tattersall, I. Anthrop. Pap. Am. Mus. nat. Hist. 57, 344–352 (1983).
Schwartz, J. H. & Tattersall, I. Anthrop. Pap. Am. Mus. nat. Hist. 60, 1–100 (1985).
Schwartz, J. H. & Tattersall, I. J. hum. Evol. 16, 23–40 (1987).
Schwartz, J. H. in Comparative Primate Biology. Vol. 1, Systematics, Evolution, and Anatomy (eds Swindler, D. R. & Erwin, J.) 1–41 (Liss, New York, 1986).
Ax, P. Cladistics 1, 279–287 (1985).
Godinot, M. & Jouffroy, F. K. in Actes du Symposium Paleontologique G. Cuvier (eds Buffetaut, E., Mazin, J. M. & Salmon, E.) 221–243 (Montbeliard, 1984).
Gregory, W. K. Mem. Am. Mus. nat. Hist. 3, 49–243 (1920).
Decker, R. L. & Szalay, F. S. in Primate Locomotion (ed. Jenkins, F. A., Jr) 261–291 (Academic, New York, 1974).
Dagosto, M. Folia Primatol. 41, 49–101 (1983).
Beard, K. C. & Godinot, M. J. hum. Evol. (in the press).
Jouffroy, F. K. in Lemur Biology (eds Tattersall, I. & Sussman, R. W.) 149–192 (Plenum, New York, 1975).
Gebo, D. L. J. hum. Evol. 15, 421–430 (1986).
Gebo, D. L. Folia Primatol. (in the press).
Dagosto, M. J. hum. Evol. (in the press).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Beard, K., Dagosto, M., Gebo, D. et al. Interrelationships among primate higher taxa. Nature 331, 712–714 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1038/331712a0
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/331712a0
This article is cited by
-
The labyrinthine morphology of Pronycticebus gaudryi (Primates, Adapiformes)
Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments (2012)
-
Protoanthropoidea (Primates, Simiiformes): A New Primate Higher Taxon and a Solution to the Rooneyia Problem
Journal of Mammalian Evolution (2006)
-
The oldest known anthropoid postcranial fossils and the early evolution of higher primates
Nature (2000)
Comments
By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.