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Diagnosis of breast tumors after breast reduction (2004)

Beer, Gertrude M. ; Kompatscher, Peter ; Hergan, Klaus

Springer

Aesthetic plastic surgery 20 (2004), S. 391-397

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ISSN: 1432-5241

Keywords: Breast reduction ; Breast tumors ; Breast tumor screening ; Mammography ; Ultrasound

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Abstract We conducted a retrospective study to evaluate the diagnosability of breast tumors after breast reductions as this is a frequent surgical procedure. The data should shed light on the hypothesis that routine screening methods concerning the diagnosis of breast tumors prove more difficult after breast operations. All women who had undergone breast reduction at our department between January 1989 and December 1994 were examined. During this period we counted 166 patients; the majority of them (n = 144) had undergone a bilateral breast reduction and the rest of them (n = 22) a unilateral breast reduction for various reasons. After the operation, all patients were checked in standardized intervals. Those who developed any kind of breast mass (n = 6) were recorded and examined by ultrasound and mammography, and occasionally by an additional fine-needle biopsy. In case any doubt about the dignity had remained, an excisional biopsy was carried out. In none of our patients was it possible to get a precise diagnosis of an ill-defined mass with ultrasound. With mammography, some of the existing masses, which were really scars, mimicked different kinds of tumors, and once a carcinoma was initially interpreted as scar tissue with oil cysts. The diagnosis of breast masses after breast reductions with routinely used screening methods has proved to be more difficult as breast reductions lead to architectural alterations of the remaining breast parenchyma. Such alterations can and should be documented shortly after the operation so that later occurring tumors are distinguished more easily. Therefore, a basic mammography 3 months after each breast reduction has to be claimed in order to facilitate further breast tumor diagnosis.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210858

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The September 11 attack: A percolation of individual passive support (2002)

Galam, S.

Springer

The European physical journal 26 (2002), S. 269-272

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ISSN: 1434-6036

Keywords: PACS. 89.75.Hc Networks and genealogical trees – 05.50.+q Lattice theory and statistics (Ising, Potts, etc.) – 87.23.Ge Dynamics of social systems

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Physics

Notes: Abstract: A model to terrorism is presented using the theory of percolation. Terrorism power is related to the spontaneous formation of random backbones of people who are sympathetic to terrorism but without being directly involved in it. They just don't oppose in case they could. In the past such friendly-to-terrorism backbones have been always existing but were of finite size and localized to a given geographical area. The September 11 terrorist attack on the US has revealed for the first time the existence of a world wide spread extension. It is argued to have result from a sudden world percolation of otherwise unconnected and dormant world spread backbones of passive supporters. The associated strategic question is then to determine if collecting ground information could have predict and thus avoid such a transition. Our results show the answer is no, voiding the major criticism against intelligence services. To conclude the impact of military action is discussed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e20020089

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Minority opinion spreading in random geometry (2002)

Galam, S.

Springer

The European physical journal 25 (2002), S. 403-406

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ISSN: 1434-6036

Keywords: PACS. 89.75.Hc Networks and genealogical trees – 05.50.+q Lattice theory and statistics (Ising, Potts, etc.) – 87.23.Ge Dynamics of social systems

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Physics

Notes: Abstract: The dynamics of spreading of the minority opinion in public debates (a reform proposal, a behavior change, a military retaliation) is studied using a diffusion reaction model. People move by discrete step on a landscape of random geometry shaped by social life (offices, houses, bars, and restaurants). A perfect world is considered with no advantage to the minority. A one person-one argument principle is applied to determine locally individual mind changes. In case of equality, a collective doubt is evoked which in turn favors the Status Quo. Starting from a large in favor of the proposal initial majority, repeated random size local discussions are found to drive the majority reversal along the minority hostile view. Total opinion refusal is completed within few days. Recent national collective issues are revisited. The model may apply to rumor and fear propagation.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e20020045

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