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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (7,046)
  • 1980-1984  (7,046)
  • 1982  (7,046)
  • Chemistry  (6,959)
  • Ultrastructure  (87)
  • Nuclear reactions
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (7,046)
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  • 1980-1984  (7,046)
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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 371-376 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Titanium-Clad PlatesThe article deals with aspects as well as the processing and service properties of large clad plates. The most important characteristics of explosion-clad steel are discussed. Results of tests performed on high-strength grade 2 titanium are also presented.Large plates with titanium cladding thicknesses of 1.5-3.0 mm are produced by means of a new method comprising the hot rolling of explosion-clad semi-finished material. By means of hot and cold forming, corrosion resistance tests, and successfull welding trials it is shown that the new clad plate completely satisfies further processing requirements.
    Notes: Die Arbeit befaßt sich mit Fragen der Herstellung sowie den Verarbeitungs- und Gebrauchseigenschaften von plattierten Grobblechen. Erörtert werden die wesentlichen Merkmale von Sprengplattierungen, u. a. wird über Versuche mit höherfestem Titan der Gruppe II berichtet.Großformatige Bleche mit Titan-Auflagedicken von 1,5 bis 3 mm werden über einen neuentwickelten Fertigungsweg durch Warmwalzen von sprengplattiertem Halbzeug hergestellt. Mit Warm- und Kaltumformungen, Untersuchungen zum Korrosionsverhalten sowie der erfolgreichen schweißtechnischen Erprobung wird gezeigt, daß die neuartige Plattierung den Anforderungen bezüglich der Verarbeitbarkeit voll genügt.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 395-401 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Inhomogeneous Deformation Processes During Cyclic Loading of Quenched and Tempered Steel SAE 4140The cyclic deformation behavior of a normalized steel SAE 4140 in the loading range σa 〈 ReS is characterized by softening and hardening phenomena. Cyclic softening processes are combined with inhomogeneous plastic deformations and the propagation of a fatigue Lüdersband. The following hardening process occurs homogeneously. At stress amplitudes σa 〈 Rp0.2 the quenched and tempered SAE 4140 worksoftens continuously until crack initiation. Plastic deformation processes are extremely inhomogeneous and are concentrated on small fatigue zones. The inhomogeneity increases with decreasing tempering temperatures und stress amplitudes.
    Notes: Das Wechselverformungsverhalten von normalisiertem 42 CrMo 4 ist für Beanspruchungen σa 〈 ReS durch Ent- und Verfestigungsvorgänge gekennzeichnet. Die Wechselentfestigung erfolgt inhomogen und ist mit der Ausbreitung sog. Ermüdungslüdersbänder verbunden, die anschließende Verfestigung erfolgt homogen.Das Wechselverformungsverhalten von vergütetem 42 CrMo 4 ist für Beanspruchungen mit σa 〈 Rp0,2 mit Entfestigungsvorgängen verbunden, die kontinuierlich in die Rißausbreitungsphase übergehen. Die während der Wechselverformung ablaufenden plastischen Deformationsvorgänge sind bis zum Probenbruch extrem inhomogen und auf sog. Ermüdungszonen beschränkt. Eine Erniedrigung der Anlaßtemperatur und der Spannungsamplitude verstärkt die Inhomogenität.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 104
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. A103 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 429-433 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Toughness Requirements for Steels in Low-Temperature ComponentsIn order to exclude the possibility of low-ductility fractures (brittle fractures) in components with safety relevance (e. g. pressurized containments) the materials used have to have an adequate toughness. The toughness requirements for materials are laid down in sets of regulations or in specifications. If the guidelines are compared, however it becomes clear that opinions vary considerably concerning minimum toughness to be guaranted and procedure to be evaluated. In this paper the regulations are discussed.
    Notes: Um in Bauteilen mit sicherheitstechnischer Bedeutung (z. B. druckführenden Umschließungen) verformungsarme Brüche (Sprödbrüche) ausschließen zu können, müssen die eingesetzten Werkstoffe eine ausreichende Zähigkeit besitzen. Die an die Werkstoffzähigkeit gestellten Anforderungen sind in Regelwerken oder Spezifikationen vorgeschrieben. Ein Vergleich der Richtlinien zeigt jedoch, daß die Meinungen über die zu gewährleistenden Mindestzähigkeitswerte und die auszuwertende Prüfmethodik sehr unterschiedlich sind. In dieser Arbeit werden die Regelwerke diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 106
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 440-440 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 3-12 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 31-37 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas-liquid chromatography ; Plasma determination ; Midazolam ; Pharmacokinetic study ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A sensitive gas liquid chromatographic (GLC) assay was developed for plasma determinations of 8-chloro-6-(2′ -fluorophenyl)-1-methyl-4H-imidazo[1,5 α][1,4]benzodiazepine (compound I) and its hydroxymethylimidazo metabolite (compound II). The internal standards used were 8-chloro-6-(2′ -chlorophenyl)-1 -methyl-4H-imidazo[1,5 α][1,4]benzodiazepine (compound VI) and 7-chloro-5-(2′ -fluorophenyl)-1, 3-dihydro-1-(hydroxyethyl)-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one (compound VII) for compounds I and II, respectively. Following extraction, and silylation for compound II, compounds I and II were analyzed by GLC using a glass column packed with 5% OV-101 on Gas-Chrom Q, and a 63Ni electron-capture detector. The GLC method was validated by a CI-GC/MS technique. The detection limit of the assay is approximately 4-5 ng/ml for compound I and 3 ng/ml for compound II. The method was used in comparative pharmacokinetic studies of the distribution of the two compounds in arterial and venous blood.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 109
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; High temperature silylation ; C2-C6 fatty acids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 218-220 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 349-354 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, capillary ; Persilylated, apolar columns ; Immobilized coatings ; Determination of column bleeding ; Re-silylation of fresh and used columns ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The bleeding of apolar high temperature columns may well be the critical factor limiting their applicability for GC/MS-coupling, and for high temperature analyses. Therefore, a bleeding determination procedure has been designed as a basis for a systematic approach to the production of low-bleed columns. Re-silylation is a traditional method of reducing column bleeding. Increased efficiency of re-silylation becomes feasible with immoblized coatings. Experience gained so far shows that resilylation of immoblized coatings may indeed result in the expected strongly reduced bleed rates and in improved overall column quality. Re-silylation may also contribute to column washing by enhancing the solubility of adsorbed contaminants.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 112
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 55-56 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Non-uniformity of distribution of stationary phase confirmed ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 113
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 60-60 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 114
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 80-84 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Triglycerides in cocoa butter, hazelnut oil ; Separation according to the number of unsaturated fatty acids (N.U.F.A.) ; Ozonolysis ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Structure determination of triglycerides according to their number of unsaturated fatty acids (N.U.F.A.) is more easily achieved after ozonolysis of their mixtures (fats and oils) than by capillary gas chromatographic analysis of the mixture as such. Analyses performed before and after ozonolysis of cocoa buttel, hazelnut oil, and a mixture of both fats illustrate the potential of this approach to the structure elucidation of triglycerides by chromatographic techniques.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 115
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 100-101 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; High performance thin-layer chromatography ; Lipid analysis ; Quantitative interpretation ; High-temperature transesterification by tetramethylammonium hydroxide ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 116
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 156-157 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Cold trapping ; Use of ABT concept in evaluating effect of trapping on peak ; shape ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 117
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chromatography theory, GC and LC ; Revised “stage” model of Said ; Revised relaxation-time model of Giddings ; Statistically independent partial differential contributions ; Relation between HETP and true theoretical plate height ΔL ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The mass balance changes of Said's so-called “stage” model, based on the movement of the mobile phase with mean velocity ū (=L/tm), are synchronized by introduction of the relaxation time of Giddings, tr=1/(km+ks) where km and ks are the general overall mass rate constants for sample transfer to and from the stationary phase, respectively. This makes the “stage” length equal to the true theoretical plate height, ΔL, related to the classical HETP contribution due to non-equilibrium, H(α), according to the “discontinuous-ΔL” relation \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm H}_{{\rm (\alpha)}} {\rm =}\frac{{{\rm L\sigma}^{\rm 2} _{{\rm (\alpha)}}}}{{\overline {\rm t} _{{\rm ms}}^{\rm 2}}}{\rm = \Delta L}\frac{{\overline {\rm k}}}{{{\rm 1 + k}}} $$\end{document} Here k= (tms - tm)/tm is the central moment-based capacity ratio, L the column length, and σ2(α) the second moment contribution from the non-equilibrium only. Correct application of the relaxation-time model to chromatography requires that the real sample concentration in the stationary phase at a given position and time, Cs,l,t, is in a continuous equilibrium with the real sample concentration in the mobile phase, Cm,l+ΔL/2,t at that time displaced down the column by a distance \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \frac{{{\rm \Delta L}}}{{\rm 2}}{\rm = t}_{\rm r} \overline {\rm u} {\rm =}\frac{{\rm L}}{{k_{\rm m} \overline {\rm t} _{\rm m}}}\frac{{\overline {\rm k}}}{{{\rm 1 +}\overline {\rm k}}} $$\end{document} This leads to the classical HETP contribution \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm H}_{{\rm (\alpha)}} {\rm =}\frac{{{\rm 2L}}}{{k_{\rm m} \overline {\rm t} _{\rm m}}}\frac{{\overline {\rm k}}}{{{\rm (1 +}\overline {\rm k})^2}} $$\end{document} obtained from various other continuous models, which implies that ΔL is a good estimation of the true theoretical plate height.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 118
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 163-164 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: High performance thin-layer chromatography, HPTLC ; HPTLC bonded phases ; 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane-treated plate ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 119
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 48-49 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Headspace analysis ; Damping of electopneumatic dosing system ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 120
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 52-53 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Instrumentation in gas chromatography ; Capillary Injector ; Injector ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 121
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    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 122
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 85-90 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, MicroHPLC ; Low temperature effect ; Normal phase chromatography ; Enthalpy-entropy compensation ; Compensation temperature ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The low temperature effect has been investigated on a set of three different silica-gel micro columns with FC-78 as eluent. An open tubular micro glass capillary, a packed micro glass capillary, and a packed micro teflon column were examined. Temperature dependences of separation factors and theoretical plate numbers were determined. It appears that a decrease in column temperature improves chromatographic selectivity while column efficiency decreases. The compensation temperatures were determined for these systems. The results suggest that the retention mechanism operative in the low temperature range is almost the same as that in the normal temperature range. However, the mechanism differs from that of reversed phase systems.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 123
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 93-96 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Column liquid chromatography ; Thin-layer chromatography, TLC ; Continuous flat-bed chromatography ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A comparison of different chromatographic methods is presented: column liquid chromatography (CLC), thin layer chromatography (TLC), and continuous-elution flat-bed chromatography (CEFBC), which is in fact a combination of the first two methods. In CEFBC a sample is applied to a sorbent layer in a steady flow of eluent, and the components are detected directly on the layer, or immediately upon leaving it, during the separation process. It is shown that evaluation of the separation processes in CEFBC is best accomplished in terms of the parameters applicable in CLC. The reproducibility of the analytical results obtained by CEFBC is better than in the case of TLC by a factor of 6 to 10, and approaches that known for CLC.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 124
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 107-108 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Static coating ; Closing glass capillaries ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 125
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 115-116 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 126
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    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 119-123 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; Static coating ; Filling with mechanical closure ; Description of an easy and safe technique ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The static technique is commonly accepted as the most universal and scientific method of coating. At the same time, however, it is said to be experimentally demanding. Great efforts have therefore been made to render the method easier and safer, resulting in a wealth of recommendations confusing non-experts. Over a period of two years we have practically applied most of the reported procedures with the aim of studying their practical convenience. We do not doubt that most procedures are comparably suitable in the hands of expert users, i. e. once the initiation efforts have been forgotten, or are otherwise of little interest. We have attempted to describe a method which is specifically suited for easy and quick introduction to beginners. The method is based on mechanical column closure. The principles of the method are discussed, and a comprehensive description of its practical application is given.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 127
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 167-168 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 128
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 129
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 192-198 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography ; Reverse phase HPLC ; Absorbance ratio ; Spectro-chromatograms ; UV-VIS detector ; Multichannel diode array ; Purity control by HPLC ; Screening for metabolites in dog bile ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This article describes the use of a multichannel UV-VIS detector coupled on-line to an HPLC instrument. Simultaneous measurements of the absorption of a compound over a full range of wavelengths (200-800 nm) makes this almost universal detector a useful tool in screening for unknown compounds. The procedures used to compute so-called spectro-chromatograms and to draw pseudo-three-dimensional plots are discussed. The experimental examples given include an application to screening for drug metabolites in biological fluids.
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  • 130
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 217-217 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 131
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 132
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 227-235 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Van Deemter curve ; GC column selection ; GC carrier gas ; Capillary column length ; Capillary column diameter ; Film thickness in capillary columns ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of computer-constructed van Deemter curves that permits evaluation of a number of variables in capillary gas chromatography is presented. The graphs permit the comparison of inter-related parameters, including the choice of carrier gas (hydrogen vs helium vs nitrogen), column length (10-100 m), column diameter (0.20, 0.25, 0.32, 0.4 mm), solute partition ratios (0-10), and liquid phase film thickness (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 μm). The curves are evaluated, both in terms of the relative magnitude of the optimum average linear carrier gas velocity, and in terms of the significance of the sharpness of the curve.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 133
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 255-260 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography HPLC ; High-speed HPLC ; Oil spill identification ; Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons ; Crude oils ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The use of high-speed HPLC in oil spill identification problems has been evaluated in terms of analysis time and reliability. The aromatic fraction was analyzed by reverse-phase chromatography on a 3 μm packing, with detection at 210 and 287 nm, in less than 20 minutes. The profiles exhibited by several Spanish and Middle East crude oils were differentiated by simple statistical parameters. The effect of environmental weathering on the samples has also been investigated. An Arabian light crude oil was still identifiable after four months' simulated marine weathering.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 134
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 272-272 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 135
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 306-310 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Moments, skew, and excess ; Continuous vs. discrete distribution ; Modified normal and Poisson distributions ; Distribution fit for non-linear isotherms ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several distributions of interest in chromatography were studied. In each case, the moments up to 4th moment were evaluated and the skew and the excess were deduced. The distributions studied in this article are the normal, continuous Poisson, discrete Poisson, exponentially modified normal, and exponentially modified Poisson distributions.
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  • 136
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 322-324 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; GC/MS ; Dynamic headspace analysis ; Pyrolysis ; Workplace safety studies ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 137
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 325-328 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 11 Tab.
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  • 138
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 336-336 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 139
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 355-359 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Sample injection with a programmed temperature vaporizer ; Cold sample injection ; Cold solvent-elimination injection ; Cold split injection ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This article describes the use of a programmed temperature vaporizer injection system which overcomes many of the classical problems associated with other injection techniques employed in capillary GC. The system can be operated in three distinct modes.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 140
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 368-372 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid adsorption chromatography, LSC, HPLC ; HPLC with binary mobile phase ; Parameters characterizing HPLC systems ; HPLC data for pesticides ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Based on the relationship defining the dependence of the capacity ratio upon the composition of the mobile phase, a simple numerical procedure is proposed for evaluating the heterogeneity parameter and the ratio of molecular sizes of solute and solvent. This procedure is examined by using HPLC data for pesticides chromatographed in isooctane/dichloromethane eluent on Lichrosorb at 291 K.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 141
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 380-381 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Thermal aging, and regeneration of fused silica capillaries ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 142
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 662-667 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Series-coupled columns equipped with different stationary phases ; Independent temperature control of columns ; Retention time ; Non-thermodynamic contributions ; Experimental ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A previously established model of a system of series-coupled columns is implemented for the experimental investigation of non-thermodynamic contributions to the retention time in systems of two series-coupled columns. The results show excellent agreement between theory and experiment and also stresses the importance of non-thermodynamic contributions to retention times.
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  • 143
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 685-686 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Liquid chromatography ; Capillary vs. packed columns ; Performance ; Efficiency ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 144
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 687-689 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; AAS ; Organomercurials ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 145
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 1-7 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Strength of Steels under Biaxial Synchronous and Phase Deviated Oscillating Normal StressesTests are carried out to investigate the fatigue limit of 25 CrMo 4 under biaxial normal stresses as a function of the phase deviation. The measured fatigue limit amplitudes are compared with computed functions obtained by the anisotropic square failure criterion (Quadratische Versagensbedingung) and function obtained by the shear stress intensity hypothesis (Schubspannungsintensitätshypothese).It can be shown, that the square failure criterion using the idea of a critical stress state, can reach an agreement between measured and calculated values. The shear stress intensity hypothesis considers stress states of different time moments of one stress cycle. Therefore this hypothesis gives no sufficient description of the experimentally determined functions.Test data of other authors, made on St 35 and Ck 45, confirm the result found by the test on 25 CrMo 4.
    Notes: Das unter zweiachsig schwingenden Normalspannungen experimentell bestimmte Festigkeitsverhalten des Stahles 25 CrMo 4 wird beschrieben. Die Meßwerte werden Rechenergebnissen nach der quadratischen (anisotropen) Versagensbedingung und nach der Schubspannungsintensitätshypothese gegenübergestellt.Der Vergleich zeigt, daß ausgehend von dem Konzept eines kritischen Spannungszustands mit der quadratischen Versagensbedingung eine gute Übereinstimmung zwischen Rechenergebnissen und Meßwerten erreicht werden kann. Die Schubspannungsintensitätshypothese stellt ein Rechenverfahren dar, bei dem Spannungszustände zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten eines Schwingspiels die Amplituden an der Versagensgrenze bestimmen. Dementsprechend ergibt sich mit diesem Ansatz keine befriedigende Beschreibung der experimentellen Werte. Versuchsergebnisse aus dem Schrifttum, ermittelt an St 35 und Ck 45, bestätigen den über die Versuchsergebnisse an 25 CrMo 4 festgestellten Befund.
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  • 146
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 35-35 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 147
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 36-36 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 148
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 37-44 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: A Note On the Numerical Calculation of Elastoplastic Strains By The Method of Finite ElementsThe state of stress and strain of a plate with a circular hole (elastoplastic region) is calculated by the aid of two plane triangular elements (linear and quadratic displacement function) and the Prandtl-Reuss- and Hencky-equations. The procedure of initial strain is used, to approximate the plane stress state to the stress-strain curve of the material. The results agree well with experimental values from the literature. In general stresses and strains, calculated on the base of elements with quadratic displacement function, lie nearer to the measured values. In addition to that a different and exacter course of spreading of elastoplastic regions of material is found. Stresses and strains in regions of high gradients can be calculated more precisely with these elements. A comparison between stresses and strains, calculated by the Prandtl-Reuss- and Hencky-equations, showed very less differences.
    Notes: Mit Hilfe zweier ebener Dreieckelemente (linearer und quadratischer Verschiebungsansatz) und der Stoffgesetze von Prandtl-Reuss und Hencky werden sowohl der Spannungs- als auch der Verzerrungszustand (elastoplastischer Bereich) einer gelochten, auf Zug beanspruchten Aluminiumscheibe berechnet. Der ebene Spannungszustand wird nach dem Verfahren der Anfangsdehnungen an die Fließkurve des Werkstoffes angeglichen. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse stimmen gut mit experimentellen Werten aus dem Schrifttum überein. Im allgemeinen liegen Spannungs- und Dehnungsgrößen, die auf der Grundlage des Elementes mit quadratischem Verschiebungsansatz ermittelt wurden, näher an den gemessenen Werten. Ebenso zeigt sich ein unterschiedlicher, aber genauerer Verlauf der Ausbreitung elastoplastischer Werkstoffbereiche. Spannungs- und Dehnungsgrößen in Gebieten hoher Gradienten lassen sich mit diesen Elementen exakter wiedergeben. Bei einem Vergleich zwischen Spannungen und Dehnungen, wahlweise ermittelt nach den Stoffgesetzen von Prandtl-Reuss und Hencky, zeigten sich nur sehr geringe Unterschiede.
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  • 149
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. A28 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: No. Abstract.
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  • 150
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 86-95 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Factors affecting the fracture toughness KICThe fracture toughness of material, required to ensure the structural integrity of a component, is subject to several effects from the specific operational environments. In the following chapters these influencing parameters will be treated which are of particular importance for engineering application of fracture mechanics such as heat treatment, loading rate, environment, temperature, neutron irradiation and chemical composition of the material.
    Notes: Der für die Dimensionierung eines Bauteils maßgebliche bruchmechanische Werkstoffkennwert KIC unterliegt einer Reihe von je nach Einsatzart und -ort verschiedenen Einflüssen.Im folgenden sollen diese für die Ingenieurpraxis wichtigen Einflüsse - wie Wärmebehandlung, Belastungsgeschwindigkeit, chemische Umgebungseinflüsse, Temperatureinfluß, Strahlenschädigung, chemische Zusammensetzung - behandelt werden.
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  • 151
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion Behaviour and Film Formation of Copper and Copper AlloysFilm formation processes on Cu, CuZn, CuAl and CuNi materials in NH3- and Cl--containing aqueous solutions are discussed in a summary article by way of corrosion systems, some typical and some of practical significance, and the protection offered by these films against general corrosion is described. Also considered are localized corrosion phenomena to which Cu-base alloys with oxide films are typically exposed. A comparison of the resistance of the various alloying systems illustrates the particular danger of stress corrosion cracking of mechanically stressed metals. Finally, the type and structure of oxide surface films are discussed with respect to their effect on crack initiation.
    Notes: In einer zusammenfassenden Darstellung werden die Deckschichtbildungsvorgänge auf Cu, CuZn-, CuAl- und CuNi-Werkstoffen in NH3-bzw. Cl--haltigen wäßrigen Lösungen an einigen typischen bzw. für die Praxis relevanten Korrosionssystemen erörtert und ihre Schutzwirkung gegen gleichmäßigen Korrosionsabtrag dargelegt. Darüber hinaus werden lokale Erscheinungsformen der Korrosion, denen typischerweise deckschichtbehaftete Cu-Basislegierungen ausgesetzt sind, betrachtet. Auf die besondere Gefahr der Spannungsrißkorrosion mechanisch beanspruchter Metalle wird anhand einer vergleichenden Darstellung der Beständigkeit der verschiedenen Legierungssysteme eingegangen und der Einfluß der Art und Struktur der oxidischen Oberflächenfilme auf die Risskeimbildung diskutiert.
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  • 152
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 185-196 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 38 Ill.
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  • 153
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 207-215 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Sliding and sliding abrasion tests of thermochemically treated steelsThe results of research work during several years are presented summarily. The results were obtained jointly by the Bundesanstalt für Materialprüfung (BAM), Berlin, and Stiftung Institut für Härterei-Technik (IHT), Bremen. The wear tests included hardened, casehardened, nitrided, nitrocarburized, chromized, chromvanadized and vanadized steels and were performed with dry friction in air and in vacuum, and with mixed lubrication. Under these conditions adhesion, abrasion and tribo-oxidation were the main wear mechanisms. The results reveal that the wear evaluation order of the differently heat treated steels depends on the type of wear and the operating wear mechanisms.
    Notes: Es wird zusammenfassend über die Ergebnisse von mehrjährigen Forschungsarbeiten berichtet, die gemeinsam von der Bundesanstalt für Materialprüfung (BAM), Berlin, und der Stiftung Institut für Härterei-Technik (IHT), Bremen, gewonnen wurden. Die Verschleißuntersuchungen erstreckten sich auf gehärtete, aufgekohlte und gehärtete, nitrierte, nitrocarburierte, borierte, chromierte, chromvanadierte und vanadierte Stähle. Sie wurden bei Festkörperreibung in Luft und im Vakuum sowie bei Mischreibung durchgeführt, wobei als Verschleißmechanismen vor allem die Adhäsion, die Abrasion und die Tribooxidation in Erscheinung traten. Aus den Ergebnissen wird deutlich, wie die Verschleiß-Bewertungsfolge der unterschiedlich wärmebehandelten Stähle von der Verschleißart und den wirkenden Verschleißmechanismen abhängt.
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  • 154
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. A57 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 155
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 181-184 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Applicability of Fracture Mechanics Methods at Elevated TemperaturesA review of the applicability of fracture mechanics methods to components is given which are exposed to elevated temperatures. It is distinguished between time-independent and time-dependent material behaviour. In the region of very high temperatures (above 800 °C) only the applicability of C* seems to be reasonable for the description of creep processes. For combined loading by creep and fatigue at very high temperatures a physically reasonable correlation of crack growth behaviour and fracture mechanics parameters does not exist presently.
    Notes: Es wird eine Übersicht über die Anwendbarkeit bruchmechanischer Methoden auf Bauteile gegeben, die bei hohen Temperaturen eingesetzt werden. Dabei wird unterschieden zwischen zeitunabhängigem und zeitabhängigem Werkstoffverhalten. Im Bereich sehr hoher Temperaturen (oberhalb von 800 °C) erscheint nur noch die Anwendbarkeit von C* bei Kriechvorgängen sinnvoll. Bei kombinierten Beanspruchungen durch Kriechen und Ermüden besteht bei sehr hohen Temperaturen z.Z. keine physikalisch sinnvolle Korrelationsmöglichkeit des Rißwachstumsverhaltens mit einer bruchmechanischen Größe.
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  • 156
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 149-163 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Are the Standardized Methods of Testing Tensile and Impact Loads still up to Date? - New Ways of Dimensioning -Test specifications for polymer materials are derived from proven and standardized mechanical test methods used for determining the properties of metal materials. Having established that, apart from long-term testing methods, it is impossible to derive any dimensioning characteristic data from most test methods, the picture is very unsatisfactory indeed. Added to this is the fact that, in order to determine long-term properties, extremely time-consuming test methods (some-times lasting for more than one year) must be applied and that, in order to measure stresses in the short-term and impact loading range, it is impossible to do without experiments on practical building components involving complex technical measurements. This paper takes a critical look at these two groups of problems and puts forward fresh possibilities.dimensioning under impact loadcalculation of the long-term behaviour from short-term tensile tests.For amorphous plastics, we get, with decreasing time under load (〈 1 s) and decreasing temperatures, a transition from semi-tough to brittle material behaviour. For PMMA, an elongation at break threshold appears to exist at 2.2% and a threshold loadability at 135 N/mm2 in the region of impact loads. These values can be taken as a basis for dimensioning against impact. For most other thermoplastics examined here, the tendencies are the same, although exact thresholds cannot be given yet.It is also possible, from the curve of the shear modulus and mechanical loss factor as a function of temperature, to estimate a Young's modulus threshold, which shows good conformity with data measured in actual practice. For PMMA, the value is approx. 6,500 N/mm2. Form shear modulus and attenuation curves, it is also possible to estimate how dependent on velocity and temperature the mechanical properties of a material are (tough/brittle transition).Finally, it can be shown that it even seems possible, using the test method presented here, to draw conclusions from very short-term tests (〈 17 min.) about the long-term strength.The reason why the standardized short-term tensile test does not provide any characteristic material data suitable for the dimensioning is, in our opinion, that the major test condition, the strain rate, is not constant. Tests with constant strain rates, on the other hand, provide a readily describable deformation behaviour with which it is even possible to predict the long-term behaviour.In addition, scattering of the measurements is reduced in a remarkable manner. On varying the testing temperature, we get material data with which the time-temperature shifting principle leads to excellent agreement with results of earlier tests.In this way, we geht from short-term tests - at present, because of the fundamental nature of the tests, times of approx. 100 h are needed, though there are plans for a maximum testing time of 10 h in future - at various temperatures a picture of the material behaviour, which corresponds very well with the longterm behaviour. It even seems to be possible to predict the creep behaviour and obtain information about the load-bearing capacity, e.g. of weld seams, in the required dimensioning time of many thousands of hours.
    Notes: Aus bewährten und genormten mechanischen Prüfverfahren zur Ermittlung der Eigenschaften metallischer Werkstoffe wurden Prüfvorschriften für polymere Werkstoffe abgeleitet. Aus der Erkenntnis, daß, abgesehen von langzeitigen Untersuchungsmethoden, aus den meisten Prüfmethoden keine Dimensionierungskenngrößen abgeleitet werden können, ergibt sich ein recht unbefriedigendes Bild. Hinzu kommt, daß zur Ermittlung von Langzeiteigenschaften außerordentlich zeitintensive Untersuchungsmethoden (z. T. über mehr als 1 Jahr Versuchsdauer) angewandt werden müssen, für Belastungen im Kurzzeit- und Stoßbeanspruchungsbereich auf Experimente mit großem meßtechnischem Aufwand an praktischen Bauteilen nicht verzichtet werden kann. In diesem Beitrag wird zu diesen beiden Problemkreisen kritisch Stellung genommen und neue Möglichkeiten aufgezeigtDimensionierung bei Stoßbeanspruchungen,Berechnung des Langzeitverhaltens aus Kurzzeitzugversuchen.Für amorphe Kunststoffe ergibt sich mit abnehmenden Standzeiten (〈 1 s) und abnehmendem Temperaturen ein Übergang vom halbzähen zum spröden Werkstoffverhalten. Für den Werkstoff PMMA scheint eine Grenzbruchdehnung von 2,2% sowie eine Grenzbelastbarkeit von 135 N/mm2 im Bereich der Stoßbelastungen zu existieren. Diese Werte können als Grundlage einer Dimensionierung gegen Stoß dienen. Für die meisten anderen untersuchten Thermoplaste ergeben sich gleiche Tendenzen, wobei exakte Grenzwerte noch nicht angegeben werden können.Ebenso läßt sich aus dem Verlauf von Schubmodul und Dämpfungsfaktor als Funktion der Temperatur ein Grenzelastizitätsmodul abschätzen, der mit in der Praxis gemessenen Werten gut übereinstimmt. Für PMMA beträgt er etwa 6500 N/mm2. Aus Schubmodul-und Dämpfungsverläufen läßt sich weiterhin abschätzen, wie stark geschwindigkeits- bzw. temperaturabhängig die mechanischen Eigenschaften eines Werkstoffes sind (Zäh-Spröd-Übergang).Schließlich kann gezeigt werden, daß es sogar möglich erscheint, mit der vorgestellten Untersuchungsmethode aus sehr kurzdauernder. Versuchen (〈 17 min) auf die Langzeitfestigkeit zu schließen.Daß der genormte Kurzzeitzugversuch keine zur Dimensionierung geeigneten Werkstoffkennwerte liefert, liegt u. E. darin begründet, daß die wesentliche Versuchsbedingung, die Dehngeschwindigkeit, nicht konstant ist. Versuche mit konstanten Dehngeschwindigkeiten liefern dagegen ein gut beschreibbares Verformungsverhalten, mit dem sogar das Langzeitverhalten vorhersagbar wird. Darüber hinaus verringern sich Meßwertstreuungen in bemerkenswerter Weise. Mit Variation der Prüftemperatur erhält man Werkstoffdaten, auf die das Zeit-Temperaturverschiebungsprinzip zur ausgezeichneten Übereinstimmung mit früheren Untersuchungsergebnissen führt.Auf diese Weise erhält man aus zeitlich kurzen Versuchen - derzeit werden wegen der Grundlagencharakteristik der Versuche noch Zeiten von etwa 100 h benötigt, geplant ist aber für die Zukunft eine maximale Versuchsdauer von 10 h - bei verschiedenen Temperaturen ein Bild des Werkstoffverhaltens, das dem Langzeitverhalten sehr gut entspricht. Es scheint sogar möglich, das Zeitstandverhalten vorherzusagen und Aussagen über das Tragverhalten z. B. von Schweißnähten im geforderten Dimensionierungszeitraum von vielen Tausenden von Stunden machen zu können.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 221-227 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 158
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 215-221 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Macroscopic Failure Criterion for Metal-to-Metal BondsIn order to judge the load limit of metal-to-metal bonds, one needs, on one hand, characteristic values of strength which can obtained by experimentation with a defined state of stress, and on the other hand, failure criteria which determine stressability caused by any multidimensional state of stress in comparison to the strength characteristics obtained.Starting from the theory of the plastic potential for polymers, a failure criterion is formulated for metal-to-metal bonds. It is assumed that the adhesive-bonded joint is an homogeneous isotropic body. The evalution of some of the experimental results given in the literature on the subject show that the failure criterion for quasistatic loaded metal-to-metal bonds can be applied.
    Notes: Zur Beurteilung der Belastbarkeit von Metallklebverbindungen benötigt man einerseits Festigkeitskennwerte, die in Versuchen mit definiertem Spannungszustand ermittelt werden, und andererseits Anstrengungskriterien, mit denen die Beanspruchbarkeit durch einen beliebigen mehrachsigen Spannungszustand im Vergleich mit den ermittelten Festigkeitskennwerten festgelegt werden kann.Ausgehend von der Theorie des plastischen Potentials für Polymerwerkstoffe wird eine Anstrengungshypothese für Metallklebverbindungen formuliert, indem der aus Fügeteil und Klebstoff bestehende Werkstoffverbund als quasihomogenes, isotropes System angenommen wird. Die Auswertung einiger im Schriftum vorhandener Meßergebnisse zeigt, daß das angegebene Rechenverfahren zur Beurteilung des Versagens quasistatisch beanspruchter Metallklebverbindungen verwendet werden kann.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 159
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 236-244 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Bestimmung von J-Integral R-Kurven für Hastelloy X und Inconel 617 bis zu 1223 K unter Anwendung des PotentialsondenverfahrensFür Hastelloy X (T = 308 K und T = 1223 K) und für Inconel 617 (T = 308 K, 473 K, 673 K, 873 K, 973 K, 998 K, 1023 K, 1048 K, 1073 K, 1173 K und 1223 K) wurden die J-Integral R-Kurven bestimmt. Zusätzlich wurde für Hastelloy X bei 308 K die Mehrprobenmethode mit der Einprobenmethode unter Verwendung des Potentialsondenverfahrens verglichen. Bei 1223 K lieferte Hastelloy X einen niedrigen J0-Wert. Inconel 617 zeigte bis 998 K keine ausgeprägte Temperaturabhängigkeit des J0-Wertes; oberhalb dieser Temperatur wurde selbst bei großen Lastpunktverschiebungen nur noch eine Rißspitzenabstumpfung gefunden. Dieselbe Tendenz wurde bei der Auswertung des „Tearing Modulus“ beobachtet; mit Zunahme der Temperatur steigt der „Tearing Modulus“. Im Temperaturbereich zwischen 998 K und 1223 K erhöht sich der Tearing-Modulus um nahezu eine Größenordnung. Bei beiden Legierungen liegt der Einsatz des stabilen Rißwachstums häufig vor dem Punkt, in dem die Last ihr Maximum in den Kurven der Last als Funktion der Lastpunktverschiebung erreicht.
    Notes: For Hastelloy X (T = 308 K and T = 1223 K) and for Inconel 617 (T = 308 K, 473 K, 673 K, 873 K, 973 K, 998 K, 1023 K, 1048 K, 1073 K, 1173 K, and 1223 K) the J-integral R-curves have been determined. For Hastelloy X at 308 K the multispecimen technique has been compared with the single specimen method using the potential drop technique. At 1223 K Hastelloy X delivered a low J0-integral value. Inconel 617 showed a smooth increase in J0 with increasing temperature, up to 998 K; above this temperature even for large loadline displacements only blunting behaviour has been observed. The same tendency has been found for the evaluation of the tearing modulus. With increasing temperature the tearing modulus increases. In the temperature range from 998 K to 1223 K the tearing modulus increases by about one order of magnitude. For both alloys the onset of stable crack growth in most cases is earlier than the load maximum is reached in the load versus load-line displacement curves.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 160
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 161
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 269-273 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Modifizierung der Mischungsregel zur näherungsweisen Ermittlung von VerbundwerkstoffestigkeitenDie Festigkeiten von Verbundwerkstoffen mit phaserförmigen Einlagerungen liegen in der Regel niedriger als die über die Mischungsregel berechneten Werte, was zum großen Teil auf Defekte wie mangelnde Phasenbindung, Poren und Risse zurückgeführt werden kann. Eine empirische Beziehung, ermittelt über rechnergestützte Anpassung an experimentelle Daten, ermöglicht die praktische Abschätzung von solchen Festigkeiten mit einer Genauigkeit von 30. Es zeigt sich, daß Defekte in den Fasern die resultierende Verbundwerkstoffestigkeit mehr beeinflussen, als solche in der Matrixphase.
    Notes: Strengths of a composite when determined by actual tests shows a lower value than those obtained through theoretical estimation by applying the simple rule of mixtures. This discrepancy has been attributed largely to the presence of defects in the composite like debonding, porosities, cracks etc. To establish a design criteria to a more practically closer strength values an empirical formulae is presented. The formulae accounts for defect level upto 30%. The results were obtained through computational facilities using IBM (360/44) Computer. The drop in strength with increasing defect level is shown to occur and the effect is more predominant when defects are more in fibres than in matrix.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 162
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. A73 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 163
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. A76 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 164
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 290-297 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Behaviour of Gas Cylinders Periodically Pressurized with Hydrogen at Low FrequenciesIn the course of a three years research project, commercial gas cylinders manufactured from quenched and tempered steel 34 CrMo 4 had been the subject of internal hydrogen pressurization cycles under near service conditions.Since hydrogen facilitates the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks, the low cycle fatigue life of these cylinders is generally reduced as compared to identical tests in oil. Following the results of parallel experiments applying acoustic emission techniques and from the fractographic analysis of the fracture surfaces produced, a model has been presented describing the individual steps taking place in the development of a hydrogen induced vessel failure.Apart from the role which is played by service stresses and metallurgical factors, the results lead to the conclusion that the possible development of a failure is basically controlled by the state of the internal surface of the cylinder.From the experimental results it is possible to predict the safe service life of frequently filled hydrogen cylinders and pressure vessels. Provided that they are manufactured according to current specifications and guidelines, these cylinders and pressure vessels can be expected to operate safely over long periods.
    Notes: Im Rahmen eines mehrjährigen Forschungsprogramms wurden mit industriell hergestellten Druckgasflaschen aus dem Vergütungsstahl 34 CrMo 4 langsame, die betriebliche Verwendung nachahmende Innendruck-Schwellversuche mit Wasserstoff hoher Reinheit durchgeführt.Dabei wurde festgestellt, daß Wasserstoff, im Vergleich zu Öl als inertem Medium, die Lebensdauer so beanspruchter Bauteile grundsätzlich herabsetzt, weil er die Entstehung und das Wachstum von Ermüdungsrissen begünstigt.Aufgrund der Ergebnisse von begleitend durchgeführten Schallemissionsmessungen und durch fraktografische Analyse der entstandenen Ermüdungsbruchflächen war es möglich, die Entwicklung wasserstoffinduzierter Schädigungen der Behälterwand modellmäßig zu beschreiben und die Bedingungen für den Ablauf der wichtigsten Teilschritte anzugeben. Dabei zeigte sich, daß neben der Beanspruchungshöhe und den werkstoffspezifischen Faktoren der Oberflächenzustand der Stahlflaschen den größten Einfluß auf die Entstehung möglicher Risse hat.Die gewonnenen Untersuchungsergebnisse erlauben es, quantitative Angaben über die voraussichtlich sichere Einsatzzeit von häufig befüllten Wasserstoff-Druckgasflaschen und -Behältern zu machen. Nach den heute gültigen Kriterien hergestellte und geprüfte Flaschen und Behälter können über lange Zeit sicher betrieben werden.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 165
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 317-324 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Quality Assurance in the Production of Nodular Cast Iron According to the Meehanite Process - with Particular Regard to Valves for the Chemical IndustryThe application of nodular cast iron for valves, specially for the chemical industry, has attracted particular interest. This is due to the fact that manufacturing methods have reached a high degree of perfection at reasonable costs. Interest is focused on ductile grades GGG-35.3 and GGG-40.3 per DIN 1693 and, with restrictions, on GGG-40 and GGG-50. Maintenance of the desired level and close tolerances of material properties in the casting is the main condition for industrial application. The most important factors in this respect are the manufacturing methods and quality assurance systems employed. Regarding these factors the Meehanite process offers optimum conditions. For control purposes it is important that the properties of the separate test bar and of the casting correspond. Tests carried out on a casting taken from routine production of a Meehanite foundry prove that this is possible. For approval of a foundry as a supplier of castings of this kind the application of a suitable manufacturing method and the presence of a reliable quality control system should be the main criteria.
    Notes: Die Verwendung von Gußeisen mit Kugelgraphit im Armaturenbau, speziell für die chemische Industrie, wird derzeit lebhaft diskutiert. Sein Einsatz bietet sich an, weil die Herstellverfahren einen hohen Grad der Reife erreicht haben und die Fertigungskosten sehr günstig liegen. Dabei interessieren besonders die „zähen„ Sorten GGG-35.3 und GGG-40.3 nach DIN 1693 und, mit Einschränkungen, GGG-40 und GGG-50. Voraussetzung für die routinemäßige Anwendung ist, daß die Werkstoffeigenschaften im Gußstück mit ausreichender Sicherheit eingehalten werden, wobei Verfahrenstechnik und Fertigungsüberwachung die Haupteinflußgrößen sind. Bei der Herstellung nach dem Meehanite-Verfahren werden diese optimal berücksichtigt. Für Kontrollzwecke ist wichtig, daß die Eigenschaften im separaten Probestab und im Gußteil übereinstimmen. An einem Teil aus der laufenden Produktion einer Meehanite-Gießerei wird nachgewiesen, daß dies möglich ist. Für die Zulassung einer Gießerei als Lieferant sollten die Anwendung eines geeigneten Herstellverfahrens und einer ausreichenden Fertigungsüberwachung alleiniger Maßstab sein.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 166
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 440-440 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 167
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 134-138 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography ; Reversed phases ; Preloading with solvent vapors ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The chromatographic behavior of some hydrocarbons and some of their nitro derivates after preconditioning with solvent vapors has been investigated. After preloading with cyclohexane or hexane an improved separation of some sample pairs is observed. Furthermore, inversion of Rf values takes place. The preloading of the reversed-phase plates permits utilization of mobile phase with higher water content, thus leading to a significant shortening of developing time.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 168
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 150-150 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 169
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 139-142 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography, TLC ; TLC with mixed mobile phases ; Adsorption chromatography ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Considerations of TLC process optimization have been based on the thermodynamic theory of adsorption from multicomponent solvents using experimental and theoretical RM1, 2 = f (Φ1) relationships. It was found that a relationship exists between the Az parameter (log k1,2∞ where k1,2∞ is the partition coefficient of the substance chromatographed) of the above theory and pKa values of substances as well as the solubility parameter δ of the mobile phase components. Analysis of the Az values of substances shows that a slight variation therein is associated with lower selectivity of chromatographic separation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 170
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 265-266 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary column ; Helium ionization detector ; Aroma ; Coffee ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 171
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 172
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 321-321 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, fused silica ; Pyrolysis studies ; Cryofocusing device ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 173
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 311-320 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chromatography theory, GC and LC ; Chromatography plate concept, “theoretical” and “discontinuous” ; Partial differential contributions ; Variance addition rule ; Theoretical band shapes ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is shown theorectically that the classical formula for calculating the theoretical plate number from squared first central moment, tms2, and second central moment, σ2, according to ntheor = tms2/σ2 is valid only when the capacity ratio, k approaches infinity. The general relation between the classical experimental HETP value, H = L/nmtheor, and the underlying true theoretical plate height, ΔL, is found to be\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm H' = }\frac{{{\rm L(\sigma ')}^{\rm 2} }}{{\overline {\rm t}_{{\rm ms}}^{\rm 2} }}{\rm = }\frac{{{\rm 2}\overline {\rm D} _{\rm m} }}{{\overline {\rm u} }}{\rm + }\overline {\rm k} \frac{{{\rm 2}\overline {\rm D} _{\rm s} }}{{\overline {\rm u} }}{\rm + \Delta L}\frac{{\overline {\rm k} }}{{{\rm 1 + }\overline {\rm k} }} $$\end{document} when (σ′)2 is the total column contribution to band broadening, L is the column length, Dm is the average diffusion coefficient of the sample component in the mobile phase, Ds is its value in the stationary phase, and u is the average linear velocity of the mobile phase. The mobile phase displacement, as well as the mass exchange process, is assumed to be continuous, but the application of the plate concept conditions leads to a mass balance equation that can be interpreted as belonging to a modified discontinuous plate model. The contributions 2Dm/u and k 2 Ds/u from longitudinal sample diffusion in the mobile and stationary phases, respectively, are consistent with the assumption that the processes are statistically independent, although the common solution technique of the differential equations does not take full account of this independence.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 174
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 175
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 13-18 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography, capillary ; Column preparation ; Immobilization of stationary phases ; Procedure for polar phases ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Whereas the immobilization of apolar silicone phases is essentially understood and mastered, the corresponding treatment of even moderately polar phases remains problematical. Upon attack by peroxide radicals, these phases respond by forming active transformation products rather than by bonding to the support surface or to neighboring molecules. OV-1701 is at present the most polar stationary phase which can reasonably be immobilized. An essential feature of the practical procedure is the prevention of film breakage after coating the inert support surface and before immobilization. Two ways of overcoming this problem are presented.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 176
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 175-181 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Discrimination factor non-vaporizing on-column/vaporizing splitless injection for underivatized steroids ; Quantitation feasible for most underivatized steroid hormones except corticosteroids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Recent developments in the preparation of capillary columns by persilanization of the glass surfaces have resulted in highly inactive, heat-stable columns. With this type of column certain steroid hormone classes can be analyzed without derivatization; these include the 17-keto steroids, 11-oxo compounds, estrogens, and progesterone metabolites. It has been found that good quantitative analysis calls for non-vaporizing, on-column injection, as normal vaporizing injection results in breakdown of thermolabile compounds such as estriol and 17-OH progesterone metabolites. The gas chromatographic method described was used to obtain urinary steroid profiles.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 177
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 208-209 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Liquid chromatography ; Capillary glass ; Capillary columns with inside splitting of eluent ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 178
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 211-212 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary, glass ; On-column injection ; Elimination of discrimination ; Sliding sample inlet ; Cooling column system ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 179
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 245-249 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; High resolution ; Spherical silica gel ; Column coupling ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In order to justify its classification as a “high resolution” technique, HPLC should show an improvement in efficiency by a factor of at least 10, should be easily achievable with separation times of less than 1 h, preferably in the reversed phase mode. This is accomplished by coupling three 25 × 0.46 cm columns packed with 5 μm spherical ROSiL-C18-D silica gel. Details of the method and some typical chromatograms are given.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 180
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 261-263 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 181
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 269-271 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Multiplex mode ; Thermal device for signal modulation ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 182
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982) 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 183
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; FL, UV, EC detectors in tandem ; Increased resolution ; Solvent programming avoidable ; Sensitivity and detection range increased ; Analysis times shortened ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Isocratic conditions are described for the separation, identification and quantitation of selected phenolic antioxidants and related compounds by high performance liquid chromatography on a reverse phase microparticulate ODS column. Mobile phases containing 0.05 M lithium perchlorate in aqueous methanol are used. Three detection systems: ultraviolet; fluorescence; and electrochemical detectors are connected in tandem. The use of these three detection systems in sequence as additional means for separation, identification, and quantitation is demonstrated. Other advantages of the system include speed of analyses and improved detection. The Ḱ values and detector responses at 2 settings per detector for 12 compounds are reported.
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  • 184
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 329-330 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 185
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 331-335 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 186
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 360-363 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Microbore columns ; Reverse-phase mode ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A procedure for packing reverse-phase microbore columns using moderate pressure is described. Columns packed from different manufacturer's tubing are compared with commercially available columns. A method for coupling the column to the injection valve is suggested. The effect of detector cell volume on overall efficiency of the system is also examined.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 187
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 377-378 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Glass capillary columns ; Headspace analysis ; Alcohols in blood ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 188
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 381-381 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 189
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    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 5 (1982), S. 692-693 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid-liquid partition chromatography, HPLC ; Liquid-liquid distribution ; Toluoylglycines, methylhippuric acids ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 190
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 23-28 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Economic Situation of CompositesSome million tons of composites are yearly produced and sold in the Federal Republic of Germany and Western Europe, respectively. This shows that this type of material, often called a newcomer, has since long taken its place in production and in the market. While the sale of metallic and non-metallic materials has declined recently, composites will find an expanded field of interest under the aspects of raw materials and energy saving, reliability, and performance and will thus further increase their market share.
    Notes: Mehrere Millionen Tonnen Verbundwerkstoffe werden pro Jahr in der BR Deutschland bzw. In Westeuropa produziert und verkauft. Das beweist, daß diese Werkstoffklasse, die oft als Newcomer bezeichnet wird, sich, während der Umsatz bei metallischen und nichtmetallischen Werkstoffen in der letzten Zeit zurückgegangen ist, die Verbundwerkstoffe unter den Gesichtspunkten Rohstoffeinsparung, Energieeinsparung, Zuverlässigkeit und Leistungsfähigkeit in Zukunft ein erweitertes Feld von Interesse vorfinden und damit ihren Marktanteil weiter ausbauen können werden.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 191
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 36-36 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 192
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 48-60 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Die mechanische Beanspruchbarkeit von Werkstoffen und Bauteilen wird üblicherweise auf der Grundlage von Werkstoffkennwerten beurteilt. Da diese Beurteilung sich in die Frage nach der richtigen Werkstoffauswahl und in die nach den ausreichenden Abmessungen bzw. nach der Zulässigkeit der mechanischen Beanspruchungen gliedert, müssen die werkstoff-Kennwerte unterschiedlichen Anforderungen genügen. Mit Hilfe einer systematischen Einteilung der zahlreichen Variablen in Ziel- und Meßgrößen und ihrer Verknüpfung in einem Matrizen-Schema wird die unterschiedliche Bedeutung der Einflußgrößen sichtbar. Es stellt sich heraus, daß die Bewährung bei besonderen Temperaturbedingungen und die Begrenzung des Rißwachstums ausschlaggebende Anforderungen sind. Dehngrenzen und Grenztemperaturen zur Beschreibung des Duktilitätsverlustes sind diejenigen Kenngrößen, die in ihrer Bedeutung über alle anderen herausragen.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 193
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 69-76 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction to Fracture MechanicsIt is the purpose of this paper to familiarize the reader experienced in metallurgy with the basic principles of fracture mechanics.Starting with crystallographical fundamentals the main fracture mechanics parameters - K, G, COD, J - are derived and their physical meaning is interpreted, the range of application and the experimental techniques are also briefly described.
    Notes: Im folgenden Artikel sollen die Grundlage der Bruchmechanik in einer für den werkstoffkundlich vorgebildeten Leser verständlichen Weise dargestellt werden.Ausgehend von metallphysikalischen Grundlagen werden die wichtigsten bruchmechanischen Kenngrößen - K, G, COD, J - hergeleitet- ihr physikalischer Inhalt aufgezeigt, ihr Geltungsbereich behandelt, sowie die Probentechnik kurz gestreift.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 194
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. A17 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: No. Abstract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 195
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 85-85 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 196
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 60-69 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Determination of Oxide-Metal Interface EnergiesUnder the long term aim to obtain general conclusions about the wettability of solid oxides by liquid metals phase boundary energies between solid uraniumdioxide and liquid metals have been investigated for a number of systems. It was found, that at the metals melting points- the phase boundary energies become approximately identical (γUO2-metal melt ⋍ 1.676 ± 0.142 J/m2) with respect to an engineering approach for all metals and- the respective contact angles (φs 〉 90°) point out no wettability.By proper extrapolation procedures it is also possible to estimate the temperature coefficients of the phase boundary energies for solid UO2-metal melt systems, for which the temperature functions of the phase boundary energies have not been measured.
    Notes: Mit dem Fernziel, allgemeinere Aussagen über die Benetzbarkeit zwischen festen oxidischen und flüssigen metallischen Phasen zu erarbeiten, wurden die Grenzflächenenergien zwischen festem Urandioxid und mehreren flüssigen Metallen ermittelt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß am Schmelzpunkt der Metalle- die Grenzflächenenergien in erster Näherung für alle Metalle gleich sind (1,676 ± 0,142 J/m2), was für ingenieurmäßige Abschätzungen von praktischer Bedeutung ist,- die entsprechenden Kontaktwinkel Unbenetzbarkeit anzeigen (φs 〉 90°).Geeignete Extrapolationsmethoden ermöglichen außerdem die Bestimmung der Temperaturkoeffizienten der Grenzflächenenergien zwischen festem UO2 und Metallschmelzen auch für solche Systeme, für die Temperaturfunktionen experimentell nicht ermittelt worden sind.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 197
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 198
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. A29 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: No. Abstract.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 199
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 96-103 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Application of the Unloading Compliance Method in Fracture Toughness Measurements of a Quenched and Tempered SteelThe application of the J-integral leads to a considerable reduction of material needed for establishing toughness data. The number of specimens is further reduced by measuring the crack resistance curve in a single specimen. This requires monitoring the crack extension during the experiment. A comparison of several methods showed that the unloading compliance technique is particularly suitable for that purpose. This method was applied for measuring the toughness as a function of location in a large forging of a steel 25 NiCrMo 14 5. Good toughness values (about 200 MPam1/2) with little scatter were found over the whole cross section of the forging.
    Notes: Die Verwendung des J-Integrals erlaubt es, Bruchzähigkeitswerte mit relativ geringem Materialaufwand zu messen. Eine zusätzliche Einsparung ergibt sich, wenn die Rißwiderstandskurve mit Hilfe einer einzigen Probe bestimmt wird. Dabei muß die Rißverlängerung während des Versuches verfolgt werden. Ein Vergleich mehrerer Methoden zeigte, daß sich das Teilentlastungsverfahren besonders gut zur Messung der Rißverlängerung eignet. Deshalb wurde dieses Verfahren bei der Bestimmung des Zähigkeitsverlaufs in einem großen Schmiedestück aus den Stahl 25 NiCrMo 14 5 herangezogen. Dabei ergaben sich über den ganzen Querschnitt des Schmiedestücks gute Zähigkeitswerte mit geringen Streuungen.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 200
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 13 (1982), S. 113-116 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Determination of Yield Loci of Anisotropic Materials by Harmonic AnalysisThe method of harmonic analysis for periodic phenomenons is applied to the representation of yield loci described in [2]. This method allows the calculation of yield loci determined by static and kinematic data obtained with plane stress state.
    Notes: Das Verfahren der harmonischen Analyse periodischer Vorgänge wird auf die in [2] vorgeschlagene Darstellung von Fließortkurven angewendet. Es ermöglicht die Berechnung des Fließorts aus den statischen und kinematischen Meßwerten, die bei ebenem Spannungszustand ermittelt wurden.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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