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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (7,637,532)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters B 294 (1992), S. 466-478 
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters B 317 (1993), S. 474-484 
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of macroeconomics 8.2008, 1, art1 
    ISSN: 1555-0486
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: We extend the class of quality-ladder growth models (Grossman and Helpman, 1991, Segerstrom, 1998 and others), to encompass an economy with asymmetric fundamentals. In contrast to the standard framework, in our model industries may differ in terms of their innovative potential (quality jumps and arrival rates) and consumers' preferences. This extension allows us to bring industrial policy back into the realm of the growth policy debate. We first show that it is always possible to raise the long-run growth rate and the social welfare of the economy through a costless tax/subsidy scheme reallocating resources towards the relatively more promising industries. We then prove that, in certain economies, even a mere profit taxation policy increases economic growth and social welfare above the laissez-faire.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of food engineering 4.2008, 1, art9 
    ISSN: 1556-3758
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The present research is aimed at a formulation of the entomopathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana (Bal.) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metch.) Sorokin, in two types of diatomaceous earth dusts, fossil shield and Silico-Sec, are then applied against the adults of three species of stored-grain insects: Sitophilus oryzae L., Rhyzopertha dominica Fab. and Tribolium castaneum Herbs. Effect of the treatment was assessed by comparing the mortality percentage of the adults of the three insect species exposed to the formulated fungi with that of the adults exposed to the unformulated fungi or the diatomaceous earth dusts or the undisturbed control. Results obtained from these exposures have indicated that treatment of the adults with the formulated fungi resulted in a significantly higher mean mortality percentage compared to the treatment with the unformulated fungi or the diatomaceous earth dusts or the undisturbed control. A synergistic interaction between the effect of fungal species and the diatomaceous earth dusts was shown. Viability of conidia of both fungal species in diatomaceous earth dusts was assessed by calculating the germination percentage of the conidia over time. Results indicated a small loss of mean germination percentage for formulated conidia of both fungal species versus a high loss of mean germination percentage for the unformulated conidia, thus the diatomaceous earth dusts used in the formulation of both fungi demonstrated a negligible effect on the viability of formulated conidia compared to the unformulated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art16 
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art4 
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The debate about Basic Income (BI) has hitherto been preoccupied with questions of desirability. To correct this imbalance and to throw light on the problems of winning political support for BI, this article considers whether BI is viable. At this stage, the exercise is necessarily speculative, but can be useful as long as care is taken to specify institutional arrangements and to take into account the way social agents are likely to respond to the introduction of BI. Accordingly, I develop a theoretical model of the interaction between tax-transfer policy and economic performance to explore the options facing the citizens of an imaginary state, who are contemplating radical reform but espouse divergent moral values. Initially, to fix ideas, I assume that their options are independent of the prevailing normative climate. In the end, however, I show that this assumption is untenable, and I draw conclusions for BI as a political project.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art10 
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art12 
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art3 
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Journal of business valuation and economic loss analysis 2.2008, 2, art1 
    ISSN: 1932-9156
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Miller and Modigliani's seminal papers (1958, 1963) gave rise to two alternative methodologies for project and firm valuations: the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) and Adjusted Present Value (APV). As is often the case of many larger firms in industrialized economies, whenever a target debt ratio is set up for the long term, WACC might be a good approximation. However, APV has certain advantages making it more convenient for smaller companies with unstable debt ratios, in countries with complex tax legislation and in emerging markets where high economic uncertainty makes the leveraging decision much more opportunistic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Journal of business valuation and economic loss analysis 2.2008, 2, art4 
    ISSN: 1932-9156
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study provides a survey of the empirical results associated with testing for a unit root in the net discount rate. As suggested by the literature, the use of the historical average of the net discount rate in the calculation of the present value of lost future earnings is valid if the net discount rate follows a mean reverting, stationary process. However, if the net discount rate follows a mean averting, non-stationary process forensic economists should perhaps use the current value of the net discount rate in such calculations. A majority of the studies surveyed indicate that the net discount rate experienced a structural break in the late 1970s-early 1980s. In general, if the net discount rate is stationary as a result of a structural break, forensic economists should use the average net discount rate over the post-break period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Journal of business valuation and economic loss analysis 2.2008, 2, art3 
    ISSN: 1932-9156
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A broker has an obligation to ensure that his client incorporates suitable assets into his portfolio. Greater objectivity can be brought to assessments of suitability by comparing the performance of the aggrieved investor's portfolio to a benchmark portfolio using the Modigliani & Modigliani risk-adjusted performance measure. The applicable counterfactual benchmark could be either a ``market" portfolio or a suitable alternative portfolio. The calculation of confidence intervals associated with the measured difference in risk-adjusted returns is demonstrated. Castaneda-like standards can be used as criteria for whether defendant's actions negatively impacted portfolio performance rather than outside events.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Journal of business valuation and economic loss analysis 3.2008, 1, art1 
    ISSN: 1932-9156
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study investigates the impact of privatization on value creation in State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. A multi-case study approach, using quantitative and qualitative data, is used to rectify the findings of prior SOE privatization research by taking a finer-grained analysis into the conditions that determine post-privatization performance. This study addresses the research question, "What is the effect of privatization in terms of value creation for State Owned Enterprises in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region?" Value creation is measured in terms of profitability, operating efficiency, capital expenditures, and leverage. Using quantitative performance metrics to assess value creation, we also use qualitative data to show that post-privatization value creation depends on specific strategic initiatives as well as government policy toward competition. Our overall conclusion is that privatizing SOEs can be beneficial in the MENA region but must coincide with strong government reform policies, and certain financial and managerial strategies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art15 
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art7 
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article addresses some of the issues raised for the Basic Income (BI) principle by global economic integration; especially the argument that a new model of reciprocity between affluent and developing economies does not require, and might be undermined by, this approach. In that view, complementarity between an Anglophone version of capitalism and an Asian model of human development can supply a more reliable route to eliminating world poverty and advancing global well-being.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art9 
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art1 
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art2 
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Studies in ethics, law and technology 1.2008, 1, art12 
    ISSN: 1941-6008
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Sociology , Technology
    Notes: The treatment-enhancement distinction is difficult to make, and defenders of enhancement often base their case on that. Critics of enhancement, however, often have prototypical cases of enhancement-oriented interventions in mind, and the ethics of these can be evaluated on a case by case basis. Things like intelligence enhancement may have adverse effects on equality and utility. If the equality and utility effects of such enhancements were sufficiently severe, then restrictions would be called for. We need to think more about how to make tradeoffs between liberty, equality, and utility--and we need to know more about the extent to which each of these is at stake--before reaching conclusions about the ethics of, and appropriate social policy regarding, human enhancement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Studies in ethics, law and technology 1.2008, 1, art11 
    ISSN: 1941-6008
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Sociology , Technology
    Notes: Aubrey de Grey's enthusiasm may or may not be infectious, but it is certainly palpable. And it adds a dimension to the discussion the priority that should be given to life-extension/anti-ageing research of which he seems to be unaware. For on the cusp of developments in emerging technologies we find ourselves button-holed by enthusiasts whose ``transhumanist" visions importunately press upon us the most radical understanding of their implications. My suspicion is that the transhumanist mini-insurgency is partly responsible for the general failure of the policy establishment to summon up the courage and vision to address the implications of emerging technologies at all. The insurgents' effort at ``branding" these technologies as transhumanist (like that of the Raelian flying-saucer cult, a decade ago, to claim cloning as their own) does no favors to the technology. The irony is that de Grey and his fellow-visionaries, far from generating consensus enthusiasm for emerging technology applications, are making them too hot to handle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Journal of business valuation and economic loss analysis 2.2008, 2, art5 
    ISSN: 1932-9156
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: With the FASB's emphasis on fair value, valuation of privately held companies' capital structures has taken on additional emphasis. Each methodology proposed in the AICPA's Practice Aid "Valuation of Privately-Held-Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation" can result in suboptimal valuations when valuing complex capital structures. We discuss valuation of such capital structures and offer a workable, integrated simulation methodology combining the strengths of the probability-weighted expected return method with those of the option-pricing method. We demonstrate the methodology using transformed real-world data resulting in a flexible methodology that can be expanded to accommodate various aspects of complex capital structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Studies in ethics, law and technology 1.2008, 1, art9 
    ISSN: 1941-6008
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Sociology , Technology
    Notes: Liberal eugenics according to one version is distinguished from authoritarian eugenics on the basis that the choice of enhancement is devolved to parents. The argument for liberal eugenics combines a commitment to the right of parents to autonomy - in reproductive decisions and in the upbringing of children - and a parity claim that there is no morally significant difference between ante-natal and post-natal alterations of a child. The article reviews the putative constraints on parental choice, and assesses some criticisms of the parity claim. It concludes that a liberal commitment to social justice is in tension with a liberal commitment to parental choice, but judges that the former commitment does not entail the authoritarian eugenics which is represented as the alternative to liberal eugenics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Philadelphia, Pa. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Peace economics, peace science and public policy 13 (2008), S. 4 
    ISSN: 1079-2457
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Political Science
    Notes: This study investigates the relationships between subjective well-being and partisanship for people in Taiwan where voters' political ideologies are largely influenced by their positions toward their country's relations with China. It is found that voters preferring a declaration of independence for Taiwan are more likely to be supporters of Pan-Green political parties (i.e. the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) and the Taiwan Solidarity Union (TSU)) while individuals favoring unification with China tend to vote for Pan-Blue political parties (i.e. the Nationalist Party (KMT), the People First Party (PFP), and the New Party). Reflecting an important part of voters' psychological attachments to a political party and their perceptions of national identity, political ideology has effects on voters' satisfactions with the state of economy and the political situation. Politics has attributes to people's subjective well-being through some specific domains of satisfaction, but its effect on the level of overall happiness is insignificant. It appears that political factors have both economic and psychological effects on subjective well-being.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Philadelphia, Pa. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Peace economics, peace science and public policy 13 (2008), S. 1 
    ISSN: 1079-2457
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Political Science
    Notes: For the last few decades, security has become a major issue which threatens human well-being. We, as peace scientists, have tried to develop methods which can cope with international conflicts. The purpose of this paper is to illuminate how some methods developed in Regional Science, namely comparative cost analysis, input-output, industrial complex and others, can be used to help resolve the US-North Korea conflict.North Korea has developed nuclear weapons, which is of great concern to neighboring countries. We suggest steel industry and associated developments in North Korea supported by the neighboring countries can be a full compensation for North Korea's giving up nuclear weapons and will lead North Korea to become deeply involved in the global economy. North Korea's advantages of iron ore, coal, and cheap labor force turn out to be a $55-60 cost advantage per ton of steel over the giant steel companies in South Korea and China. Its steel and related activities could generate at least 70,000 new jobs which will be enough to boost the stagnated North Korean economy to a healthy level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Business and politics 9.2008, 3, art3 
    ISSN: 1369-5258
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Environmental policies of providers of international finance - namely the World Bank, export credit agencies, and Equator Principles banks - provide interesting cases within which to study the power of business not as only an input to the political process or as a constraint on politics, but also as a conduit for both state and non-state actors.This paper shows how targeting financial actors has allowed NGOs to transform their rather weak discursive power base into instrumental power over business actors in other sectors. NGOs have channeled their power through states, consumers, and financial institutions; this has allowed them to augment discursive power over their targets with additional indirect, yet more immediate, forms of structural and instrumental power. As a consequence of both direct and indirect NGO pressure, financial institutions have adopted environmental policies. This article posits a theoretical explanation of the underspecified power relationships in NGO strategies that allow NGOs to exploit weak links in commodity chains for their campaigns.This paper argues that financial institutions wield considerable structural power through their ability to control access to finance. It is particularly this power base which has made them prime targets for NGOs campaigning for the greening of infrastructure development projects. As a consequence of NGO pressure, financial institutions have adopted environmental policies which in turn have provided the World Bank and Equator banks with additional sources of discursive power.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Business and politics 9.2008, 3, art2 
    ISSN: 1369-5258
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: Research on conflict in resource-rich countries suggests that resource extraction companies contribute to tension but not development. In recent times, public-private partnerships (PPPs) have flourished, in which set up regulation is not against business but in joint cooperation with corporate actors. Yet PPPs are criticized for serving business self-interest and increasing business power rather than the common good. The paper takes the Kimberley Process and the diamond industry as an example to examine the multi-faceted nature of business power when this PPP was negotiated. The core of the argument is that realist-informed perspectives about business power in PPPs and constructivist accounts emphasizing socialization and social learning processes only tell one part of the story. While demonstrating that the diamond industry acted as a both a socializing and socialized agent, the analysis of the different facets of power shows that structural and discursive power were crucial elements in making socialization happen in the first place.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Business and politics 9.2008, 3, art4 
    ISSN: 1369-5258
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: This investigation of accounting standard setting as a case of business power in global governance links together three facets of power. First we examine the discursive power of international accounting standards in the ongoing process of financialization, which we break into two dynamics centered on profit and control. We argue that the selection of accounting paradigms does not concern measurement accuracy but is rather a choice of perspectives between finance and production when presenting economic reality as numbers. Drawing on evidence from the contestation between Rhenish capitalism and the financial perspective, we then explain why, despite the overwhelming structural power of finance, instrumental power exercised in political lobbying over accounting standards can still have considerable success.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of economic analysis & policy 8.2008, 1, art2 
    ISSN: 1555-0494
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: I present a Stackelberg model of conflict, in which contestants have limited endowments to be put in two separate sectors, thus incorporating salient features of many conflicts. The model is applied to the case of conflict over natural resources. Consistent with amounting empirical evidence regarding a so-called "resource curse," I find that the relation between conflict intensity and resource rents is non-monotonous, and that the economy's income growth rate may be negatively affected by resource abundance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @international journal of biostatistics 4 (2008), S. 1 
    ISSN: 1557-4679
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics , Medicine
    Notes: The commonly used two-sample tests of equal area-under-the-curve (AUC), where AUC is based on the linear trapezoidal rule, may have poor properties when observations are missing, even if they are missing completely at random (MCAR). We propose two tests: one that has good properties when data are MCAR and another that has good properties when the data are missing at random (MAR), provided that the pattern of missingness is monotonic. In addition, we discuss other non-parametric tests of hypotheses that are similar, but not identical, to the hypothesis of equal AUCs, but that often have better statistical properties than do AUC tests and may be more scientifically appropriate for many settings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Journal of quantitative analysis in sports 4 (2008), S. 3 
    ISSN: 1559-0410
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Sports Science
    Notes: The streaky hitting patterns of all regular baseball players during the 2005 season are explored. Patterns of hits/outs, home runs and strikeouts are considered using different measures of streakiness. An adjustment method is proposed that helps in understanding the size of a streakiness measure given the player's ability and number of hitting opportunities. An exchangeable model is used to estimate the hitting abilities of all players and this model is used to understand the pattern of streakiness of all players in the 2005 season. This exchangeable model that assumes that all players are consistent with constant probabilities of success appears to explain much of the observed streaky behavior. But there are some players that appear to exhibit more streakiness than one would predict from the model.
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @Forum 5.2008, 4, art1 
    ISSN: 1540-8884
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Political Science
    Notes: The Iowa Caucuses have been at the front of the nomination process since 1972. There are strong indications that their first in the nation status may not last past this campaign season. I offer an assessment of the caucuses by examining six myths that have developed about them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @Forum 5.2008, 4, art2 
    ISSN: 1540-8884
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Political Science
    Notes: Based in part on a forecasting model, this article reviews the current state of the 2008 presidential nomination races and offers some predictions about who will win the Democratic and Republican nominations.
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of chemical reactor engineering 6.2008, 1, A10 
    ISSN: 1542-6580
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Effective removal of heavy metals from wastewater is one of the most important environmental challenges facing the world. Various techniques are used to remove the metals. Biosorption has gained credibility in the last decade because of its good performance and low cost. The objective of this study is to explore the use of olive pits for cadmium wastewater removal. The effects of mixing rate, pH, particle size, biomass and initial concentration and equilibrium metal ion concentration are evaluated. Results indicate nearly linear uptake by the biomass with increasing initial cadmium concentration. Adsorption increases rapidly in the pH range of 3-9, then levels off. Cadmium concentration uptake increase with increasing biomass concentration until reaching 5 g/L. Mixing rates up to 250 rpm increase uptake, however, higher mixing rates result in a vortex that incorporated air into the mixture, this resulted in a decrease in uptake. The adsorption isotherm appears to follow the Langmuir model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of chemical reactor engineering 6.2008, 1, A7 
    ISSN: 1542-6580
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Hypersonic flight is expected to be achieved in the coming years by use of Supersonic Combustion RAMJET (SCRAMJET). One of the main issues is the thermal management of the overall vehicle and more specifically the cooling of the engine. In order to simulate the behaviour of an actively cooled SCRAMJET by use of supercritical endothermic fuel, a one-dimensional transient numerical model has been developed with heat and mass transfer, fluid mechanics and detailed pyrolysis chemistry. A dedicated experimental test bench is now available since 2006 at the LEES laboratory of Bourges to study supercritical fuel pyrolysis under steady-state and transient conditions. It aims to provide understanding of coupled phenomena, validation data for the numerical code and evaluation of onboard and real-time measurement methods for industrial use. A brief overview of the numerical code and a presentation of the experimental bench are proposed in this paper. Experimental results are discussed and a comparison is provided between numerical and experimental data. Discrepancies are shown to be lower than a few percent in terms of molar chemical compositions. This is due to uncertainties on experimental temperature measurement and to 2-D effects, which are not taken into account by the modelling. The numerical code appears to be of great importance in accessing unmeasured data and providing new understanding of coupled phenomena. Experimental and numerical tools are proved to be efficient to test future measurement methods under extreme conditions, especially at supercritical states.
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of chemical reactor engineering 6.2008, 1, A4 
    ISSN: 1542-6580
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This work deals with the study of the gas-liquid mass transfer, coupled with chemical reactions. The case of carbonic gas absorption in a brine of sodium carbonate and bicarbonate is investigated. It is performed in collaboration with Solvay SA. The aim of this work is to get a better understanding of this phenomenon. It would permit an optimization of the refined sodium bicarbonate production process. The basis of developed mathematical models is presented. The CO2 absorption is coupled with several chemical reactions taking place in the liquid phase. A mathematical modelling of this coupling is first developed. The equations of the model are solved numerically, using COMSOL Multiphysics. To model the bubble-liquid mass transfer of CO2, this diffusion-reaction model is completed by a representation of the liquid phase flow around the bubble. In order to validate experimentally each scale of modelling, two experimental devices are proposed.
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    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of chemical reactor engineering 6.2008, 1, A5 
    ISSN: 1542-6580
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Nanostructured manganese oxides were synthesized towards the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. The effect of the type of precipitant (Na2CO3 and NH4OH) over the particle size and crystallographic phase was determined. Also, the influence of particle size and crystal phase over the catalytic activity was established. Characterization of the obtained nanoparticles was performed through XRD analysis, BET surface area and TEM microscopy. Catalytic activity was followed through gasometry of the oxygen evolution [H2O2(l) ? H2O(l) + O2 (g)] at 25°C. Na2CO3 (Mn-1) and NH4OH (Mn-2) precipitants produced nanoparticles with average sizes of 5-10 nm and 20 nm, respectively. This result was attributed to higher pH stability of precipitant Na2CO3 during the synthesis process. XRD results revealed the presence of ß-MnO2, Mn5O8 and Mn3O4 crystal phase mixture for Mn-1 and Mn5O8 for Mn-2 catalyst. Catalytic activity resulted in intrinsic rate constants (kint = min-1m-2) of 5.2 and 2.3 for Mn-1 and Mn-2, respectively. The greater catalytic activity of Mn-2 catalyst was attributed to the presence of the Mn55O8 phase.
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  • 37
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    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Statistical applications in genetics and molecular biology 7.2008, 1, art2 
    ISSN: 1544-6115
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The relationship between speciation times and the corresponding times of gene divergence is of interest in phylogenetic inference as a means of understanding the past evolutionary dynamics of populations and of estimating the timing of speciation events. It has long been recognized that gene divergence times might substantially pre-date speciation events. Although the distribution of the difference between these has previously been studied for the case of two populations, this distribution has not been explicitly computed for larger species phylogenies. Here we derive a simple method for computing this distribution for trees of arbitrary size. A two-stage procedure is proposed which (i) considers the probability distribution of the time from the speciation event at the root of the species tree to the gene coalescent time conditionally on the number of gene lineages available at the root; and (ii) calculates the probability mass function for the number of gene lineages at the root. This two-stage approach dramatically simplifies numerical analysis, because in the first step the conditional distribution does not depend on an underlying species tree, while in the second step the pattern of gene coalescence prior to the species tree root is irrelevant. In addition, the algorithm provides intuition concerning the properties of the distribution with respect to the various features of the underlying species tree. The methodology is complemented by developing probabilistic formulae and software, written in R. The method and software are tested on five-taxon species trees with varying levels of symmetry. The examples demonstrate that more symmetric species trees tend to have larger mean coalescent times and are more likely to have a unimodal gamma-like distribution with a long right tail, while asymmetric trees tend to have smaller mean coalescent times with an exponential-like distribution. In addition, species trees with longer branches generally have shorter mean coalescent times, with branches closest to the root of the tree being most influential.
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  • 38
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    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of theoretical economics 7.2008, 1, art46 
    ISSN: 1555-0478
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper presents a model of local network effects in which agents connected in a social network each value the adoption of a product by a heterogeneous subset of other agents in their neighborhood, and have incomplete information about the structure and strength of adoption complementarities between all other agents. I show that the symmetric Bayes-Nash equilibria of this network game are in monotone strategies, can be strictly Pareto-ranked based on a scalar neighbor-adoption probability value, and that the greatest such equilibrium is uniquely coalition-proof. Each Bayes-Nash equilibrium has a corresponding fulfilled-expectations equilibrium under which agents form local adoption expectations. Examples illustrate cases in which the social network is an instance of a Poisson random graph, when it is a complete graph, a standard model of network effects, and when it is a generalized random graph. A generating function describing the structure of networks of adopting agents is characterized as a function of the Bayes-Nash equilibrium they play, and empirical implications of this characterization are discussed.
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  • 39
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    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Global jurist 7.2008, 3, art6 
    ISSN: 1934-2640
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper tries to individuate various actual and potential aspects of an anthropological analysis of development, aiming to draw a comprehensive picture. A number of background questions encourage this attempt. Is development a form of engagement with the great questions of poverty, hunger and oppression in Africa? What is the relationship between development and politics? What is that between development and technical expertise? Why should African people articulate their political aspirations in the language of development, while Europeans or Americans have at their disposal a political language? Section one considers the general representation of Africa as transmitted by social and economical indicators. It underlines some dissatisfaction with the process of reducing the social and economic reality to a set of data. It also considers the material and cultural implications lying behind technocratic attitudes, suggesting that they should be the object of anthropological analysis. The limits of data reductionism make clearer the advantages of an anthropological perspective on the topic of development, which is too often considered in a technical dimension, ultimately discarding human agency. In turn, however, a deeper understanding of the geo-political and historical context of development intervention is very much needed in order to enrich anthropological approaches, which run the risk of being excessively narrow and self-reflective. Reviewing a number of works in the field of development and anthropology, section two tries to find out the main limitations of such literature, and calling for a broader understanding. Finally, section three considers more ambitious approaches, such as Ferguson's ``anti-politics machine". In particular, this part puts an emphasis on the de-politicizing effect of technocratic development interventions. It also underlines the problems arising from a Foucauldian view of institutions being produced by discourses. The conclusion will summarise the tools needed by an anthropological perspective on development, trying to find a balance between the representation of human agency and the understanding of the deeper hegemonic structures characterising development intervention.
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    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Global jurist 7.2008, 3, art7 
    ISSN: 1934-2640
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper examines legal and economic integration between China and its two Special Administrative Regions, namely, Hong Kong and Macau. Two dimensions are dealt with in this paper: the constitutional/national framework and the WTO/CEPA framework. In the constitutional/national framework, this paper examines the interaction between People's Supreme Court and the Court of Final Appeal in Hong Kong and Macau. It analyzes the horizontal and vertical interaction between courts in China and in the Special Administrative Regions, focusing mainly on three issues: the Standing Committee/CFA, exclusive/residual competence, and the competition of jurisdiction. In the WTO/CEPA framework, this paper presents the legal bases and accession histories of these three memberships in the WTO, and examines their trade policies and practices both in the GATT and the WTO. Emphasis is placed on how and why Hong Kong, China and Macau, China enjoy full memberships in the WTO as China does. This paper finally explores the dispute settlement mechanism provided in the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangements between China and its two SARs, and examines the possibility for these three members to avail themselves of the WTO dispute settlement mechanism. This paper finds that the legal and economic integration between China and its two SARs offers much both to comparative lawyers and international trade lawyers: the vast diversity of legal culture in these three areas yields an unprecedented conflict and combination, while the interaction between China and its two separate customs territories, Hong Kong, China and Macau, China, in the international trading regime, presents a new landscape in the WTO.
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  • 41
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    International journal of food engineering 4.2008, 1, art5 
    ISSN: 1556-3758
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of sucrose concentration, pH, temperature and aeration rate on the production of biomass and inulinase (2,1-beta-D-fructan fructanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.7) were investigated using fed-batch fermentation by Kluyveromyces marxianus var. bulgaricus. The best sucrose concentration for enzyme activity was 10 g L-1, whereas activity was inhibited when the sucrose concentration was 20 g L-1. Enzyme activity was strongly influenced by pH of the culture. pH 5.0 was the most suitable for both enzyme activity and cell growth, achieving 98.04 U mL-1 and 14.05 g L-1, respectively, after 72 hours of cultivation. The highest production of inulinase and biomass was observed at temperatures of 25oC and 30oC, whereas a decrease in activity was observed at 35oC and 40oC. The best aeration rate was 1.0 vvm. The increase in aeration rate or oxygen injection provided no increase in enzyme activity and biomass.
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  • 42
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    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of food engineering 4.2008, 1, art6 
    ISSN: 1556-3758
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental methods of ohmic heating of parboiling of paddy have been presented. The temperature of the parboiling varied from 110 to 150 °C. Milling performance, cooking qualities and protein content of parboiled rice have been tested and it was found that these requirements are optimum at 130 °C. Milling performance of the parboiled rice by ohmic heating is better than the conventional parboiled rice. The cooking qualities of the parboiled rice are quite comparable with conventional parboiled rice.
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  • 43
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    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art5 
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The gradualist approach towards an unconditional basic income for all involves the introduction or extension of universal benefits in place of current income-tested ones. Such a policy shift might cause higher fiscal costs or adverse distributional effects, at least in the short run. However, this need not always be the case. Using the tax-benefit model EUROMOD, the article simulates the introduction of a universal housing transfer - that is flat rate, tenure neutral and budget neutral - in place of mortgage interest tax relief and housing benefits in the Netherlands and Sweden. As it turns out, the regressive effect of mortgage interest tax relief thwarts the progressive effect of housing benefits. In view of that, replacing both by the universal housing transfer (equivalent to a partial basic income for housing) would enhance tax progressivity and reduce income inequality at no extra fiscal cost. Policy implications and possible objections are discussed in the concluding section.
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    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art13 
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
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  • 45
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    Studies in ethics, law and technology 1.2008, 1, art10 
    ISSN: 1941-6008
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Sociology , Technology
    Notes: This short comment presents arguments in support of human enhancement.What is enhancement? Surely it is a procedure that improves our functioning: any intervention which increases our general capabilities for human flourishing. We exclude from consideration those procedures often termed ``enhancements" that are of dubious overall benefit (for example breast or penis augmentation, or the taking of anabolic steroids to increase muscle mass). Equally we are not talking of ``designer" modifications which are more akin to aesthetic or fashion preferences than to improvements: hair colour, eye colour, or physique. An enhancement (as we are using the term) is something of benefit to the individual.
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  • 46
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    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of economic analysis & policy 8.2008, 1, art3 
    ISSN: 1555-0494
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A large literature examines the addictive properties of such behaviors as smoking, drinking alcohol, gambling and eating. We argue that for some people addictive behavior may apply to a much more central aspect of economic life: working. Although workaholism raises some of the same health-related concerns as other addictions, compared to most of the more familiar addictions it is more likely to be a problem of higher-income individuals and is more likely to generate negative spillovers onto individuals around the workaholic. Using the Retirement History Survey and the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we show that high-income, highly educated people exhibit behavior that is consistent with workaholism with regard to retiring-they are more likely to postpone earlier plans for retirement. The theory and evidence suggest that the presence of workaholism calls for a more progressive income tax system than otherwise, although other more targeted policies may be part of optimal policy.
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    The @B.E. journal of economic analysis & policy 8.2008, 2, art4 
    ISSN: 1555-0494
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Much of the debate surrounding Direct-to-Consumer Advertising (DTCA) of pharmaceuticals centers on whether DTCA conveys useful information to consumers or indiscriminately increases requests for the advertised medication. By identifying how DTCA changes the shape of the demand curve for antidepressants, we seek to infer the promotional objectives of manufacturers. Using data from the 1996-2003 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), we find that advertising shifts the demand curve for antidepressants outward and rotates it counter-clockwise. DTCA increases the probability that an individual will initiate use of antidepressants, particularly when out-of-pocket medication costs are low, but does not necessarily increase utilization levels among those already taking antidepressants. This is consistent with a promotional campaign that seeks to alert consumers to the product's existence, but conveys no real information that would allow them to learn their true match with the product.
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    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of economic analysis & policy 8.2008, 1, art1 
    ISSN: 1555-0494
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Incompatibility in markets with network effects reduces consumers' ability to "mix and match" components offered by different sellers, but can also spur changes in product attributes that might benefit consumers. In this paper, we estimate the effects of incompatibility on consumers in a classic hardware/software market: ATM cards and machines. We find that ATM fees ceteris paribus reduce the network benefit from other banks' ATMs. However, a surge in ATM deployment accompanies the shift to surcharging. Even under conservative assumptions regarding how much of the surge is directly attributable to surcharging, greater deployment often completely offsets the harm from higher fees. The results suggest that policy discussions of incompatibility must consider not only its direct effect on consumers, but also its effect on product attributes.
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  • 49
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    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International commentary on evidence 5.2008, 2, art3 
    ISSN: 1554-4567
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Law
    Notes: This edited volume is a product of the Digital Evidence Research Programme at the British Institute of International and Comparative Law, directed by Stephen Mason, with the assistance of fifteen specialist contributors. It provides a valuable introduction to the issues surrounding electronic evidence, from the work of investigators securing that evidence (particularly in relation to a possible criminal offence) through to the work of counsel challenging its admissibility and probative value. Buying this book will cost you less than the first hour of a forensic computing consultant's time. It is recommended reading for almost anyone involved in fact investigation or fact finding, as well as in corporate security, internal audit or legal affairs.
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  • 50
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    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of economic analysis & policy 8.2008, 2, art3 
    ISSN: 1555-0494
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) significantly expanded public insurance eligibility and coverage for children in ``working poor" families. Despite this success, it is estimated that over 6 million children who are eligible for public insurance remain uninsured. An important first step for designing strategies to increase enrollment of eligible but uninsured children is to determine how the take-up of public coverage varies within the population. Because of their low rates of insurance coverage and unique enrollment barriers, children of immigrants are an especially important group to consider. We compare the effect of SCHIP eligibility on the insurance coverage of children of foreign-born and native-born parents. In contrast to research on the earlier Medicaid expansions, we find similar take-up rates for the two groups. This suggests that state outreach strategies were not only effective at increasing take-up overall, but were successful in reducing disparities in access to coverage.
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    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of economic analysis & policy 8.2008, 2, art2 
    ISSN: 1555-0494
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper uses data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to estimate the effect of COBRA on health care utilization among a sample of individuals who experience employment separation. The empirical specification employs a structural simultaneous equations model of insurance choice and utilization that is estimated by Maximum Simulated Likelihood. Results indicate that employment separators who elect COBRA appear to consume more health care compared to individuals who become temporarily uninsured. In addition, results do not indicate adverse selection into COBRA. Although COBRA enrollees consume more health care than temporary insurance losers, election appears to exhibit favorable selection with respect to physician utilization.
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    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    The @B.E. journal of economic analysis & policy 8.2008, 2, art5 
    ISSN: 1555-0494
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Waiting times have been a central concern in the English NHS, where care is provided free at the point of delivery and is rationed by waiting time. Pro-market reforms introduced in the NHS in the 1990s were not accompanied by large drops in waiting times. As a result, the English government in 2000 adopted the use of an aggressive policy of targets coupled with the publication of waiting times data at the hospital level and strong sanctions for poor performing hospital managers. This regime has been dubbed `targets and terror'. We estimate the effect of the English target regime for waiting times for hospital care after 2001 by a comparative analysis with Scotland, a neighbouring country with the same healthcare system that did not adopt the target regime. We estimate difference-in-differences models of the proportion of people on the waiting list who waited over 6, 9 and 12 months. Comparisons between England and Scotland are sensitive to whether published or unpublished data are used but, regardless of the data source, the 'targets and terror' regime in England lowered the proportion of people waiting for elective treatment relative to Scotland.
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  • 53
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    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Journal of quantitative analysis in sports 4 (2008), S. 4 
    ISSN: 1559-0410
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Sports Science
    Notes: In soccer, a scoreless draw is typically considered as an unwanted result that often jeopardizes the spectacle value of the game. In the present work, we tried to investigate a) how common scoreless draws are, and b) the relationship between scoreless draws and other indices of a football team's performance using machine learning techniques. Using data from 54 competitions around the world, Bayesian networks, least squares support vector machines and Hybrid Monte Carlo multi-layer perceptrons were used to investigate which combination of indices best predicts a team's season proportion of scoreless draws and to see exactly what predictions these indices make. There was ample variability in the proportion of scoreless draws, both when comparing individual teams and countries. For individual teams, the percentage scoreless draws varied between 0 and 30%. On average, nearly 9% of all games ended in 0-0. Not surprisingly, the most important parameter appeared to be the total number of goals per game. More interestingly, the earned points per game were also linked to the proportion of scoreless draws. Games of average and bad-to-average teams more often resulted in a scoreless draw, in particular when the games of these teams saw few goals. Such a team could end up having 20% scoreless draws in one season. A suggestive result that more spectators may be associated with less scoreless draws is also presented.
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    The @Forum 5.2008, 4, art8 
    ISSN: 1540-8884
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Political Science
    Notes: The purpose of this paper is threefold: First, to note an unspoken, but obvious fact. The European Union is a living organism that functions with relative success at several levels: legal, economic and monetary in particular. Second, the threat to the EU is from its very success, a desire to overreach natural and functional boundaries by including nation-states with profoundly different structures ands goals. Third, this paper seeks to awaken the policy making bodies in North America to the emergence of regional force in most of Europe that is by varying degrees complementary to US interests and at the same time competitive to the present notion of hegemony. The EU along with the US illustrates the power of bipolarity in the West. The issue of Turkish entrance indicates the limitations of such a condition.
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    The @Forum 5.2008, 4, art12 
    ISSN: 1540-8884
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Political Science
    Notes: The following is a reply to Bruce Miroff's response to my review of his book, The Liberals' Moment.
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    The @Forum 5.2008, 4, art10 
    ISSN: 1540-8884
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Political Science
    Notes: Kamarck reviews Miroff's new book on the McGovern Campaign and concludes that McGovernism is alive and well in the Republican Party.
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    The @Forum 5.2008, 4, art5 
    ISSN: 1540-8884
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Political Science
    Notes: Despite many years of polls indicating overwhelming support for a national primary, it has never advanced far either in Congress or the parties. Opponents have claimed that it would eliminate the possibility of dark horse candidates building on early successes in small states, would dramatically increase the influence of money and mass media, weaken political parties and increase the possibility that a fringe candidate would win the nomination. This article finds that all these arguments apply at least as well to the current system. By simplifying the system, increasing voter turnout, making all votes equally meaningful and leading to a more representative electorate, a national primary would eliminate many of the serious flaws of the current system and therefore should be more seriously considered than it has been.
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    The @Forum 5.2008, 4, art11 
    ISSN: 1540-8884
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Political Science
    Notes: A response to reviews of my book, The Liberals' Moment: The McGovern Insurgency and the Identity Crisis of the Democratic Party, written by Kenneth Baer and Elaine Kamarck.
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    The @Forum 5.2008, 4, art7 
    ISSN: 1540-8884
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Political Science
    Notes: This paper provides a descriptive framework for analyzing television advertising in the 2008 Presidential general election. Using insights gleaned from data on the advertising contest in the 2004 elections from the Wisconsin Advertising Project, this paper shows how important it is for observers of elections to focus on the various sponsors of advertising, the different motives and aims of advertisers, and the variation in tactics used by campaigners. Television advertising remains the dominant means by which campaigns directly communicate with voters, and understanding the technological, regulatory and strategic context in which these ads are aired will allow for a better understanding of their effects.
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    The @Forum 5.2008, 4, art6 
    ISSN: 1540-8884
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Political Science
    Notes: Few aspects of the presidential selection process have changed as dramatically as nominating conventions have over the past half century or so. Once the epicenters of the proverbial smoke-filled rooms that all but decided presidential nominations, some argue that conventions are now mainly superficial, perfunctory and even superfluous affairs. These developments, influenced in large part by the ways in which political parties have adapted to institutional changes and growth in mass media, have essentially transformed the nature and role of conventions in modern campaigns. But conventions remain key political events that motivate and inform voters and that have the capacity to influence the dynamics of presidential campaigns. Conventions still matter and persist as useful political institutions.
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    International journal of chemical reactor engineering 6.2008, 1, A2 
    ISSN: 1542-6580
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Natural cellulose fibres have been employed for packaging applications for a long time. Their use, however, has been hampered by their high hydrophilicity and their moisture sensitivity. It has, thus, been proposed to circumvent this problem through the hydrophobic modification of their surface thanks to the use of molecular grafting approaches. In this work, we describe the use of a novel solvent-free chemical pathway for molecular grafting that we have coined chromatogenic chemistry. It involves a reaction between a solid substrate and a reagent which is in a vapour-liquid equilibrium and diffuses within the solid substrate through a mechanism of adsorption/desorption akin to gas chromatography. Chromatogenic chemistry phenomenon has been studied and modelled through the extensive use of a new specific test, the Droplet Surface Migration Test. It involves the deposition upon a porous substrate of a small amount of reagent and in studying its subsequent migration and grafting. Whatman paper and various long chain acid chlorides were used for this modelling. The acid chloride carboxylic ends react with the external hydroxyl groups of cellulose fibres to give rise to the formation of long chain hydrophobic ester bonds. Upon immersion of the paper sheet in distilled water, a hydrophobic spot, extending well over the initial depot zone, could then be clearly visualized, allowing to follow conveniently the reagent migration and reaction. Grafting densities were performed by using the HPLC technique. The results obtained through the use of this test allowed a better understanding of chromatogenic chemistry phenomenon and an identification of the main parameters which affect the process: the nature of the reagent, the temperature, the reaction time, the nature of the substrate, etc. We have more particularly shown that the diffusion and grafting yields were maximal for a specific temperature which increases with the boiling point and therefore with the chain length of the reagents. We have proposed that this temperature should correspond to a compromise between the diffusion and reactivity properties of the reagent, its evaporation and its degradation by hydrolysis.
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    International journal of chemical reactor engineering 6.2008, 1, A6 
    ISSN: 1542-6580
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A biofilter of 0.05m diameter and 0.58m height has been studied for the removal of styrene from a simulated air-styrene mixture through the microbial route using Pseudomonas putida. Coconut coir and other waste materials have been used as the immobilization matrix for the microorganisms. Gas flow rate (0.005-0.01kgm-2s-1), micronutrient liquid flow rate (5-10 kgm-2s-1), inlet styrene concentration (0.05-1.20 gm-3) and packing size (de = 0.08 - 0.18cm) have been used as parameters. The kinetic parameters of growth rate equation of bacterial strain have been determined using batch type experimental data. A Monod type reaction model has been observed to be appropriate for the explanation of growth kinetics of the microorganisms. The values of the kinetic parameters used are Ks = 0.8gm-3, µmax = 45h-1. A three-phase deterministic mathematical model has been developed incorporating the synergistic effect of simultaneous reaction and interphase (gas to liquid to biofilm) mass transfer of styrene using experimentally determined kinetic parameters and mass transfer coefficients calculated using standard correlations. Simulated results based on the model have been compared with the experimental ones satisfactorily.
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  • 63
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    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of chemical reactor engineering 6.2008, 1, A3 
    ISSN: 1542-6580
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The batch cooling crystallization of an industrial active pharmaceutical ingredient that exhibits a needle-like habit was investigated. A model of the time variations of key physical properties of particles (crystal size distribution CSD and specific area) was designed using an approach based on the simple population balance equation. The experiments were monitored thanks to three in-situ process analytical sensors (Mid-IR spectroscopy, in-situ microscopy and laser backscattering). Primary and secondary surface nucleation mechanisms as well as growth of the main crystal dimension (length) were described resulting in a six parameter model. The model roughly represents the effects of different cooling strategies on the supersaturation profile, the CSD and the specific area of the final particles. First, a very weak primary nucleation occurs leading to an initial population of a few large crystals. A second population of crystals is generated afterwards through secondary nucleation mechanisms. The particles issued from the second burst of nucleation largely dominate (in mass and in number) the final overall population. Second, two important features of the crystallization process are outlined, which are commonly observed during the industrial crystallization of APIs (Active Pharm. Ing.) in impure mother liquors.
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  • 64
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    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of chemical reactor engineering 6.2008, 1, A1 
    ISSN: 1542-6580
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In the last decade it has been a special interest to incorporate the hydrodynamics in packed bed reactor models. This seems to be important in the case of highly exothermic partial oxidation reactions normally performed in packed beds with low tube/particle diameter ratio (dt/dp〈 5) because of the large void distributions in the radial and axial directions, which have a direct impact on the magnitude of radial, angular and axial profiles of the velocity field, and consequently on both, the temperature and concentration profiles in the catalytic reactor. A successful reactor model needs an adequate hydrodynamic description of the packed bed, and for this reason several models additionally incorporate empirical expressions to describe radial voidage profiles, and use viscous (Darcy) and inertial (Forchheimer) terms to account for gas-solid interactions, via Ergun's pressure drop equation. In several cases an effective viscosity parameter has also been used with the Brinkman's viscous term. The use of these various approaches introduce some uncertainty in the predicted results, as to which extent the use of a particular radial voidage expression, or the use of an effective viscosity parameter, yield reliable predictions of measured velocity profiles. In this work the predictions of radial velocity profiles in a packed bed with low tube to particle diameter ratio from six hydrodynamic models, derived from a general one, are compared. The calculations show that the use of an effective viscosity parameter to predict experimental data can be avoided, if the magnitude of the two parameters in Ergun's equation, related to viscous and inertial energy losses, are re-estimated from velocity measurements, for this particular packed bed. The predictions using both approaches adequately fit the experimental data, although the results are analyzed and discussed.
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  • 65
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    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of food engineering 4.2008, 1, art1 
    ISSN: 1556-3758
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The starch yields from both whole (MSI1) and decorticated mung bean seeds (MSI2) were 26.00 and 30.50% on total seed basis and 64.40 and 75.55% of total starch. Chemical analysis of the starch isolates i.e. MSI1 and MSI2 showed that they contained 9.00 and 8.90% moisture, 0.76 and 0.80% protein, 0.05 and 0.09% oil and 0.20 and 0.13% ash , respectively. The results also indicated that the purity of starch isolates was high. Microscopic examination (400X) showed that most mung bean starch granules had irregular shapes, which varied from oval, round to bean-shaped. Mung bean starch granule size varied from 7.65-33.15 µm with mean value at 20.40 µm. Studying the physico-chemical properties of mung bean starch indicated that the gelatinization temperature range was 65-69-75°C at initial, midpoint and final gelatinization of starch granules. Mung bean starch had a considerably lower degree of syneresis than other legume starches. Moreover, gel consistency decreased as starch concentration was increased. Viscosity of mung bean starch was high indicating that it had higher resistance to swelling and rupture than did cereal starches. The results indicated that the swelling power and solubility of the starch increased with increasing temperature. In addition, the solubility percentage increased, but non-linearly, with increasing swelling power.
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  • 66
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    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of food engineering 4.2008, 1, art3 
    ISSN: 1556-3758
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model was developed to predict the change of temperature distribution with time in the radial and axial directions in a simulated sealed cylindrical pit. The finite difference method was used in the model to calculate the conductive heat transfer. The model predicts the grain temperatures in the pit during the storage period using input data of initial grain temperature, storage time and number of spatial elements in both radial and axial directions. Other input data include the finite difference spatial increment in both directions, the finite time increment, temperatures of soil surrounding the pit and the physical properties of grain, pit wall material and surrounding soil. To validate the model, predicted temperatures were compared with measured data for wheat of Apollo variety being stored in a simulated sealed pit for a period of 70 days. The wheat was stored in a cylindrical mild steel tank with 0.6 m in both diameter and height. The initial uniform grain temperature was 15°C and the initial uniform grain moisture content was 12.45% (w.b.). Both measured and predicted wheat temperatures attained steady state within a short period of storage (2 to 6 days) and this equilibrium was maintained throughout the experiment period. At the end of the storage period, the grain temperatures were decreased by an average of 2.63°C and the grain moisture contents were increased by an average of 1.62% (w.b.) at the top layer of the pit. For the bottom layer of the pit, the grain temperatures increased by an average of 7.04°C and the grain moisture contents were decreased by an average of 0.50% (w.b.) The conductive heat transfer model predicted the grain temperatures with a standard error of estimate between measured and predicted of 0.12°C -0.25°C.
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  • 67
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    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of food engineering 4.2008, 1, art7 
    ISSN: 1556-3758
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Some varieties of sorghum (Sorgum bicolor) available in the North of Cameroon have been characterized for to their ability to meet consumers and industries requirements. Local varieties of sorghum, namely ``Zouaye," ``Djigari," ``Damougari" have been compared to four selected varieties with good agronomic characteristics (S35, CS-210, CS-95, CS-54). Results indicate that the varieties CS-95, CS-54, and ``Madjeru" present very high percentages of cut brown grains with a variation from 48% to 87%. The variety ``Dmougari" seems harder than the others with a PSI of 19±2.6. Varieties CS-210 and CS-95 appear to be most tender with successive PSI of 11.8±5.21 and 12.2±1.2. All local varieties (Madjeru, Zouaye, Damougari, Djigari) have shown a 1000-kernel weight ranging between 21.9±2.6g and 25.5±1.5g, whereas selected varieties (S35, CS-210, CS-95, CS-54) present 1000-kernel weight binds between 15.43 ±2.5g and 19.31±5.21 g. The majority of the studied grains present an index of vitrosity between 1.6 and 4.85, except CS-210, Madjeru, Djigari which are semi-vitreous (with indices of vitrosity ranging between 3 and 4. Dihurin content of all varieties ranges from 108±15 to 225±23 (ppm). The colour of the grain shows that the improved varieties present yellow blades and yellow ivory colours, whereas the local varieties are brown and red.
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  • 68
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    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art11 
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art14 
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 70
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    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Basic income studies 2.2008, 2, art17 
    ISSN: 1932-0183
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Economics
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  • 71
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    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Chemical product and process modeling 3 (2008), S. 4 
    ISSN: 1934-2659
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The outputs of statistical process control (SPC) tools developed for fault detection are comparatively examined while applied to actual data collected in an industrial plant. The influence of added information gathered from the plant operation under different strategies is analyzed. Particularly, standard principal component analysis (PCA), kernel PCA and the Hotelling's T2 charts are inspected for a reported problem. The effect of training the tools either with an extended historic databank obtained under standard operation, or including also non-conventional conditions, is studied. The ability of the tools to provide a specific alarm and identify the responsible variable is examined by analyzing the contributions per variable to the SPE and the T2 statistics. In addition, the capacity of the tested tools to adapt to a new operation strategy is compared.
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  • 72
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    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Studies in ethics, law and technology 1.2008, 1, art13 
    ISSN: 1941-6008
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Sociology , Technology
    Notes: This article examines Aubrey de Grey's case for allocating substantial funding to interventive biogerontological research immediately. The conclusion is that the case is inconclusive and that scientific analyses of costs and probabilities would be needed to defend it properly.
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  • 73
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    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Business and politics 9.2008, 3, art1 
    ISSN: 1369-5258
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Notes: The introduction to the special issue develops a systematic and theoretically grounded framework for assessing business power in global governance. It is shown that power is said to have shifted from the world of states to the world of business. However, in order to evaluate such a claim first a differentiation of power in its instrumental, structural, and discursive facets is necessary. It is furthermore explained that the strength of such a three-dimensional assessment is that it combines different levels of analysis and considers actor-specific and structural dimensions and their material and ideational sources. Following a short introduction to the more empirical articles is provided summarizing their commonalities and differences.
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  • 74
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    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Journal of quantitative analysis in sports 4 (2008), S. 1 
    ISSN: 1559-0410
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Sports Science
    Notes: Age effects in baseball are estimated in this paper using a nonlinear fixed-effects regression. The sample consists of all players who have played 10 or more "full-time" years in the major leagues between 1921 and 2004. Quadratic improvement is assumed up to a peak-performance age, which is estimated, and then quadratic decline after that, where the two quadratics need not be the same. Each player has his own constant term. The results show that aging effects are larger for pitchers than for batters and larger for baseball than for track and field, running, and swimming events and for chess. There is some evidence that decline rates in baseball have decreased slightly in the more recent period, but they are still generally larger than those for the other events. There are 18 batters out of the sample of 441 whose performances in the second half of their careers noticeably exceed what the model predicts they should have been. All but 3 of these players played from 1990 on. The estimates from the fixed-effects regressions can also be used to rank players. This ranking differs from the ranking using lifetime averages because it adjusts for the different ages at which players played. It is in effect an age-adjusted ranking.
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  • 75
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    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Journal of quantitative analysis in sports 4 (2008), S. 2 
    ISSN: 1559-0410
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Sports Science
    Notes: We propose a Markov chain model of a best-of-7 game playoff series that involves game-to-game dependence on the current status of the series. To create a relatively parsimonious model, we seek to group transition probabilities of the Markov chain into clusters of similar game-winning frequency. To do so, we formulate a binary optimization problem to minimize several measures of cluster dissimilarity. We apply these techniques on Major League Baseball (MLB) data and test the goodness of fit to historical playoff outcomes. These state-dependent Markov models improve significantly on probability models based solely on home-away game dependence. It turns out that a better two-parameter model ignores where the games are played and instead focuses simply on, for each possible series status, whether or not the team with home-field advantage in the series has been the historical favorite - the more likely winner - in the next game of the series.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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