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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (39,704)
  • 2000-2004  (39,704)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1920-1924
  • 2002  (39,704)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters B 294 (1992), S. 466-478 
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters B 317 (1993), S. 474-484 
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    British journal of special education 29 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8578
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Education
    Notes: This article provides a response to some of the issues raised by Anne Pinney’s summary, published in the September issue of BJSE, of the Audit Commission’s report on statutory assessment and Statements of Special Educational Needs. In developing her critique, Lani Florian, lecturer in special and inclusive education at the University of Cambridge Faculty of Education and Editor of the Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, asks a series of important and challenging questions. Can the broad notion of ‘special educational needs’ complement ideas about ‘areas of need’ or ‘categories of handicap’ and enable young people with severe, complex or long–term disabilities to have their needs met? Is SEN funding fairly distributed, among pupils with special educational needs in particular and across the education system in general? Should the relationship between the processes of formative and statutory assessment and Statements of Special Educational Needs be reconceptualised? Can the protection offered by the Statement be maintained in association with the development of good inclusive practices? And if there is to be a move away from provision designed to address children’s individual difficulties, what forms of thinking, procedure and practice will enable staff to develop new ways of meeting the needs of all learners? I hope that the questions raised by this article will stimulate other commentators to contribute to the debate about our responses to special educational needs in the pages of BJSE
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    British journal of special education 29 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8578
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Education
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK, and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    British journal of special education 29 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8578
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Education
    Notes: Since spring 2001, the Audit Commission has been carrying out research into provision for children with special educational needs. In this article, Anne Pinney, Project Manager with the Public Services Research section at the Audit Commission, summarises the findings presented in an interim report published in June 2002. She reveals widespread dissatisfaction with current approaches to assessment; the process of developing a Statement; the allocation of resources to support children with special educational needs; and the procedures used by schools and LEAs to ensure that SEN provision is effective. Anne Pinney goes on to set out the recommendations made by the Audit Commission in its interim report. These include a collaborative approach to review involving schools and LEAs; increased delegation of resources to schools; and the development of more effective inter–agency approaches to assessment and intervention. This article concludes with a call for a high level independent review of SEN policy and practice focused on resolving the tensions in the current system. Anne Pinney also looks forward to a number of other outcomes from the Audit Commission’s work in relation to children with special educational needs. BJSE will be bringing you news of these developments in future issues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK, and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    British journal of special education 29 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8578
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Education
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK, and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    British journal of special education 29 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8578
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Education
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    British journal of special education 29 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8578
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Education
    Notes: More young people with Down’s syndrome are being taught in mainstream schools and interest in the educational aspect of inclusion has grown over the last few years.In this article Pat Cuckle, Senior Research Fellow at the University of Leeds, and June Wilson, a support teacher working for Education Leeds, explore patterns of friendship and social relationships among teenagers with Down’s syndrome. The young people who took part in the study either attend mainstream schools or resourced provision in mainstream schools. The enquiry provides fascinating insights into the participants’ views of friendship and into the range of their social experiences. Pat Cuckle and June Wilson conclude their report with a set of recommendations focusing on the need to create more opportunity for social interaction for young people with special needs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    British journal of special education 29 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8578
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Education
    Notes: Researchers, policy makers and practitioners continue to be interested in the impact of nurture groups on the inclusion of young children with emotional and behavioural difficulties in mainstream schools. Nurture groups were originally established in schools in the London Borough of Enfield in the 1980s and it is now possible to review evidence of their effectiveness in both the short and long term. In this article, Tina O’lConnor, teacher at Oakthorpe Primary School, London Borough of Enfield, and John Colwell, Senior Lecturer in Psychology at De Montfort University, compare scores on the Developmental Diagnostic Profile for a sample of pupils on entry to a nurture group; on exit; and after at least two years of mainstream reintegration. Their work reveals evidence of improvements in both the short and long term. In discussing their findings, the authors call for more in-depth, longitudinal research into nurture groups and the development and impact of whole school nurturing approaches.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    British journal of special education 29 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8578
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Education
    Notes: Anne Maddison is deputy headteacher, with responsibility for curriculum, at the Milestone School, a special school created recently after the amalgamation of three smaller schools. In this article, she describes the development of an outcomes-based curriculum for pupils with a range of learning difficulties aged from two to 16 years. Anne Maddison sets out the rationale for her work in the context of a need to promote shared approaches to teaching and learning at this newly formed school.The curriculum development project described here was evaluated using questionnaires, interviews and the analysis of documents and practice as part of a case study in school-based enquiry. Anne Maddison used the outcomes of these processes as part of her Doctor of Education (EdD): Educational Leadership course at Lincoln University.Since this article was written, the Milestone School has undergone its first Ofsted inspection. The report noted that teaching at the school is ‘of very high quality’ and the curriculum ‘is very good’. Inspectors noted that ‘the planning of schemes of work, which are being developed with different subjects being focused on each year, is exemplary, with clear outcomes for pupils of different abilities’. While Anne Maddison’s article details the experience of one school, her analysis may be of interest to other school managers, teachers, governors or advisers who are seeking to promote the development of a more inclusive curriculum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    British journal of special education 29 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8578
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Education
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 54 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Britain’s education system was radically transformed during the 1990s following the Education Reform Act (1988). The primary objective of these reforms was to raise educational standards through the creation of a quasi–market based upon greater parental choice and the transfer of control over resources from local education authorities to schools. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of the quasi–market on efficiency and equity in the secondary education sector in England during the 1990s. Two primary questions are addressed. Has the quasi–market led to an improvement in efficiency in the secondary education sector? Has the quasi–market had any adverse consequences on the social segregation of pupils between schools? Using data obtained from the Schools’ Census and the School Performance Tables, we find strong evidence that the quasi–market has led to a substantial improvement in efficiency (as measured by a school’s exam performance and by the productivity of staff) during the 1990s. The same market forces have led to a greater social segregation of pupils between schools.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 54 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A joint venture with market power benefits from restricting its output which, in turn, requires the partners to restrict the supply of their inputs. However, since each partner benefits only partially from restricting its input, both over–supply their inputs from the viewpoint of the optimal use of market power. We show that this pecuniary negative externality in the partners’ input decisions mitigates the standard under–provision problem that arises in joint ventures. We also show that the degree of this problem declines as demand becomes less elastic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 54 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The paper offers an explanation of labour tying commonly observed in seasonally agricultural economies. Employers may either hire regular labourers in the slack season to satisfy all or most of the labour demand in the high season but have underutilised labour in the low–demand season or rely on casual labourers only. Thus farmers hiring regular labour may also hire some casual labour as and when needed to minimise the hoarding costs of regular labour. Secondly, daily regular wages are usually lower than daily casual wages, but regular labourers usually get some wage–advance as well. Thus asset–poor workers have incentives to choose regular labour with interest–free wage advance because they face high marginal costs of credit in the segmented credit markets. The optimum hoarding costs decrease with increase in farm size, but increase with increase in spot market wages. However with improved availability of alternative employment opportunities and/or cheaper credit facilities to the asset–poor labourers, the supply of regular labour is likely to decline. Empirical evidence from the ICRISAT villages in south India seems to be consistent with the primary propositions of the model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 54 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper introduces a notion of ‘epistemic action’ to describe changes in the information states of the players in a game. For this, ideas are developed from earlier contributions. The ideas are enriched to cover not just purely epistemic actions, but also fact–changing actions (‘real moves’, e.g. choosing a card, exchanging cards etc.) and nondeterministic actions and strategies (conditional actions having knowledge tests as conditions). The author considers natural operations with epistemic actions and uses them to describe significant aspects of the interaction between beliefs and actions in a game. A logic is used that combines in a specific way a multiagent epistemic logic with a dynamic logic of ‘epistemic actions’. The author presents a complete and decidable proof system for this logic. As an application, the author analyses a specific example of a dialogue game (a version of the Muddy Children Puzzle, in which some of the children can ‘cheat’ by engaging in secret communication moves, while others may be punished for their credulity). Also presented is a sketch of a ‘rule–based’ approach to games with imperfect information (allowing ‘sneaky’ possibilities, such as cheating, being deceived and suspecting the others to be cheating).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Bulletin of economic research 54 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-8586
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Using a knowledge–based approach, the authors derive a protocol for the sequence transmission problem, which provides a high–level model of the Internet transmission control protocol (TCP). The knowledge–based protocol is correct for communication media where deletion and reordering errors may occur. Furthermore, it is shown that both sender and receiver eventually attain depth–n knowledge about the values of the messages for any n, but that common knowledge about the messages is not attainable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    The @journal of political philosophy 10 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9760
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Philosophy , Political Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    The @journal of political philosophy 10 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9760
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Philosophy , Political Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    The @journal of political philosophy 10 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9760
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Philosophy , Political Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    The @journal of political philosophy 10 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9760
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Philosophy , Political Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    The @journal of political philosophy 10 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9760
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Philosophy , Political Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    The @journal of political philosophy 10 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9760
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Philosophy , Political Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    The @journal of political philosophy 10 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9760
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Philosophy , Political Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    The @journal of political philosophy 10 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9760
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Philosophy , Political Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    The @journal of political philosophy 10 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9760
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Philosophy , Political Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    The @journal of political philosophy 10 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9760
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Philosophy , Political Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of philosophy of education 36 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9752
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Education , Philosophy
    Notes: I examine some common trends in ‘conflict management skills’, particularly those focused on practical results, and argue that they involve some moral problems, like the reliance on offensive stereotypes, the censorship of moral language, the promotion of distorted relationships, and sometimes the suppression of basic rights and obligations that constitute non–consequentialist moral constraints on human interactions (including dispute resolution). Since these approaches now appear in educational institutions, they are sending dangerous messages to those least able to critically assess them, messages that denigrate the language, reflection, and interactions on which the moral life depends, thus undermining the possibility of moral education in the most fundamental sense of the phrase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of philosophy of education 36 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9752
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Education , Philosophy
    Notes: There is, on the face of it, a logical difficulty as well as a practical one about ascribing to parents both a right to give their children a religious upbringing and a duty to avoid indoctrinating them. Curiously, this logical difficulty was largely overlooked in the debate on religious upbringing and parental rights between Terence McLaughlin, Eamonn Callan and Peter Gardner in the 1980s. In this paper I set out the terms of the logical problem and propose a solution to it.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of philosophy of education 36 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9752
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Education , Philosophy
    Notes: Patricia White has recently attempted to construct an ethically valid notion of forgiveness that will serve educational purposes and contribute to the moral development of pupils in schools. She distinguishes between a strict view that requires repentance before forgiveness, which she rejects, and a relaxed view that does not require repentance, which she endorses. In this reply I defend the strict view of forgiveness against her criticism and challenge the ethical propriety of the relaxed view. I shall argue that her support for the relaxed view both runs counter to our deepest moral intuitions and serves to undermine the moral law and moral endeavour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of philosophy of education 36 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9752
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Education , Philosophy
    Notes: The article starts from the questions: what is it to be an inhabitant or citizen of a globalised world, and how are we to think of education in relation to such inhabitants? We examine more specifically the so–called ‘European area of higher education’ that is on the way to being established and that can be regarded as a concrete example of a process of globalisation. In the first part of the paper we try to show that the discursive horizon, and the concrete techniques and strategies that accompany the establishment of this space of higher education, invite the inhabitants of that space to see themselves as entrepreneurial and autonomous entities. In the second part we show how this specific kind of subjectivation (this production of subjects), related as it is to this globalised space, involves what we call an immunisation that also affects our thinking and our ideas in and about education. To refer to this as a kind of immunisation implies that globalisation could in fact be considered a closing or enclosing rather than an opening up. We argue, therefore, that this immunisation needs to be refused in favour of the invention of other kinds of subjectivity, other ways of speaking and writing about the world and about education, such that we relate to ourselves in a different way.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of philosophy of education 36 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9752
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Education , Philosophy
    Notes: This is a response to Samara Foster’s engaging critique of my book School Choice and Social Justice. In this response to her criticisms I clarify and try to correct some apparent misunderstandings of the book, but also take the opportunity to pose again a challenge to opponents of choice which neither she, nor other of my critics, has taken up.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 32
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of philosophy of education 36 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9752
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Education , Philosophy
    Notes: Recently several educational theorists have argued for the incorporation of a scepticism of a postmodern kind into educational theory and into educational research more specifically. Their understanding of postmodernism in terms of scepticism harbours much potential, but to avoid confusion and misunderstanding it is of importance that the ‘scepticism’ associated with postmodernism is distinguished from traditional philosophical scepticism, be it as part of the very process of theoretical scrutiny or as a challenge towards its results. In this paper it will be argued that the interest of postmodernist ‘scepticism’ lies not in a quest for ever more certainty but rather in the way it moves beyond both foundationalism and philosophical scepticism. This will be elaborated from the point of view of a Wittgensteinian understanding of theoretical scrutiny (as found in On Certainty). This opens up the possibility of shedding light on postmodernist ‘scepticism’ in educational theory in terms of an aesthetic distance towards what is reflected upon.
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of philosophy of education 36 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9752
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Education , Philosophy
    Notes: Book reviewed in this article:Katherine G. Simon, Moral Questions in the Classroom: How to Get Kids to Think Deeply About Real Life and Their Schoolwork
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of philosophy of education 36 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9752
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Education , Philosophy
    Notes: Adopting a much broader notion of thinking than that associated with the Critical Thinking movement, this paper addresses the question of thinking skill generality. An analysis of the concept of ‘thinking skill’ suggests ways in which this notion has been misapplied. The paper demonstrates the importance of thinking tasks and argues for a non–universalistic notion of thinking skill generality. The domains–view of thinking is assessed, evidence from secondary research being used to show that thinking skills are not domain–specific simply by virtue of being instantiated with disciplinary content. The prevalence of general procedural knowledge in our thinking practices notwithstanding, empirical evidence suggests the existence of at least two kinds of domain–specific thinking skills: those in which thinking is essentially the application of domain–specific declarative knowledge; and those addressing specialised, domain–specific, thinking tasks.
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  • 35
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of philosophy of education 36 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9752
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Education , Philosophy
    Notes: The discourse surrounding skills in education and learning has often been dismissed as mere ‘skill–talk’. This article seeks to reject this criticism by arguing that much of the criticism of skill–talk rests on an unsatisfactory behaviourist view of skills. Another approach towards considering skills is also considered, an approach deriving from the Aristotelian concept of technē, but this is also rejected. It is suggested that the concept of ‘situational understanding’ provides the best way of thinking about skills. This approach firmly situates the learning of skills within context: the possibility of all–purpose generic skills is rejected. At the same time, this approach helps to articulate what is needed from the standpoint of agency if skills are to be ‘transferred’.
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  • 36
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of philosophy of education 36 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9752
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Education , Philosophy
    Notes: Constructivism is very influential in education. However, its underlying ideas and assumptions have not yet been critically analysed sufficiently. In this paper, I argue that John Dewey’s analyses of the transaction of organism and environment can be read as an account of the construction processes that lie beneath all human activity. Dewey’s work anticipates, if it does not explicitly articulate, much of what is important and interesting about constructivist epistemology and constructivist pedagogy. The paper is devoted to a reconstruction of the formulation of this transactional constructivism, and to an analysis of its consequences for a constructivist understanding of communication and education.
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  • 37
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    The @journal of political philosophy 10 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9760
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Philosophy , Political Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 38
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    The @journal of political philosophy 10 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9760
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Philosophy , Political Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 39
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    The @journal of political philosophy 10 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9760
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Philosophy , Political Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    The @journal of political philosophy 10 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9760
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Philosophy , Political Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 41
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    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
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    Notes: This article reports on a conversation convened by Quentin Skinner at the invitation of the Editors of The Journal of Political Philosophy and held in Cambridge on 13 February 2001.
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    Notes: Naoko Saito has made a good case for emphasising the ‘tragic’ dimension within Dewey’s pragmatism. My response suggests ways in which Saito has not gone far enough. She does not adequately move beyond ‘procedural pragmatism’ to a ‘programmatic pragmatism’ which offers substantive articulations about the human good. In addition, her emphasis on ‘Emersonian perfectionism’ is misguided. Both the language of ‘perfectionism’ and the figure of Emerson are unsuitable for the project she intends. Speaking more concretely of a ‘tragic–comic meliorism’ allied to the novelist Hawthorne, it is suggested, provides a more fruitful path.
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    Notes: Book Reviewed:Daniel Vokey, Moral Discourse in a Pluralistic world
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    Topics: Education , Philosophy
    Notes: In his book, School Choice and Social Justice, Harry Brighouse attempts to show how a properly designed school–choice plan, guided by his liberal theory of social justice, can enhance equal educational opportunity and provide every child with an education for autonomy. In this paper, I argue that Brighouse is overly confident about the egalitarian potential of school choice. He seems to be defending a policy for what it could be, rather than looking at school choice for what it is: a flawed educational reform that makes things worse in terms of social justice. I question Brighouse’s notion that the kind of school choice he advocates, one that promotes equal educational opportunity and education for autonomy, is politically feasible.
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    Notes: This discussion begins from the dilemma, posed in some earlier writing by Alasdair MacIntyre, that education is essential but also, in current economic and cultural conditions, impossible. The potential for resolving this dilemma through appeal to ‘practice’, ‘narrative unity’, and ‘tradition’(three core concepts in After Virtue and later writings) is then examined. The discussion also explores the relationship of education to the modern state and the power of a liberal education to create an ‘educated public’ very different in character from the electorates of contemporary democratic regimes. It concludes with some remarks on the role of education in combating prejudice against certain kinds of human difference.
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    Notes: This paper considers the conception of leadership and management found in the UK government’s school leadership initiative. It contrasts earlier ‘scientific’ theory with the more recent ‘humanistic’ theory on which the initiative appears to be based, and finds that they share significant features and flaws. Moreover, despite the moral tone of the new initiative, it finds on examination that it is based on an emotivist theory of ethics that in practice may require the headteacher to be manipulative in her leadership and management of the school. Finally, it outlines an alternative conception of leadership.
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    Notes: International reports on environmental policy promote ‘education for sustainable development’ as an instrument for realising environmental awareness, values and attitudes consistent with the liberal concept of ‘sustainable development’. In this paper the ethical and political-philosophical assumptions of (education for) sustainable development will be criticised. First, it will be argued that (Rawlsian) liberal ethics cannot include obligations towards future generations. Second, the commentary focuses on the economic perspective underlying this liberal framework, its anthropocentric bias and the hierarchical distinction between public and private spheres. Third, to offer a more adequate framework for environmental education, some fruitful ideas within neo-republicanism will be examined.
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    Notes: The British government recently announced its willingness to expand the number of state–funded faith schools. It was a decision that aroused considerable controversy, with much of the unease centring around the allegedly divisive nature of such schools. In this article I defend faith schools against the charge that they necessarily undermine social cohesion and show how they can, in fact, legitimately be seen as a force for unity. In addition, I challenge the critics’ key assumption that non–denominational schools are inherently better positioned than their faith–based counterparts to promote a tolerant society.
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    Notes: It is generally accepted that liberal states should fund public schools for compulsory education. But whether states should also finance denominational schools is controversial. Does such funding not compromise the principle of liberal neutrality? In this article we evaluate two opposing views on this question. Both views give different interpretations of liberal neutrality and both have contrasting views on the relation between education and conceptions of the good. Arguing that neither view is convincing, we defend an alternative view, which holds that the liberal state under certain conditions should fund denominational schools.
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    Notes: A comparison between two teachers drawn from fiction leads to an exploration of the issues between those whose concept of education is focused on the curriculum, and those who understand that pupils are active agents in their education and that therefore some beneficial outcomes can result from pupil subversion of the school. This is developed as a concept of an adversarial curriculum, with particular reference to moral education.
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    Notes: Books reviewed in this article:Roger Crisp and Brad Hooker (eds), Well–being and Morality: essays in honour of James GriffinJames Griffin, Value JudgementJohn O’Neill, The Market: ethics, knowledge and politicsE. F. Paul, F. D. Miller and J. Paul (eds), Human FlourishingJoseph Raz, Engaging ReasonL. W. Sumner, Welfare, Happiness and Ethics
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    Notes: This is a brief rejoinder to Harvey Siegel’s ‘Dangerous Dualisms or Murky Monism? A Reply to Jim Garrison’ (35·4), which was itself a critical response to my own recent paper in this journal (33·2). This is an attempt to sum up the key points of the Deweyan pragmatism that I argue for, and hence those that Siegel opposes. It is not an attempt to settle the debate, but rather to clarify our differences.
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    Notes: In the context of contemporary nihilistic tendencies in democracy and education, Dewey’s pragmatism must respond to the criticism that it lacks a tragic sense. By highlighting the Emersonian perfectionist dimension latent in the concept of growth, this paper attempts to reveal a sense of the tragic in Dewey’s work—his humble recognition of the double nature of democracy as both attained and unattained. It is precisely the lack of this sense of the tragic that characterises contemporary nihilism. In resistance to this, Deweyan growth points to a perfectionist education committed to the re–awakening of intensity of impulse.
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    Notes: I first put the notion of non–expansive character education in context by locating its place within recent trends in values education and, in particular, by distinguishing it from more expansive accounts such as civic education and critical postmodernism. I argue that the essential characteristics of non–expansive character education are, on the one hand, moral cosmopolitanism and, on the other, methodological substantivism. In the second part of the essay, I defend this sort of character education against various common criticisms, with special reference to two canonical works of the movement, by Lickona and Kilpatrick. Non–expansive character education stands out, in the end, as a reasonable middle–ground proposal with neither too little nor too much meat on its bones.
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    Notes: In this paper, I hope to reconcile two conflicting moral ideals within the multicultural classroom. I argue that increased attention to cultural difference in both education and moral philosophy is vitally important, but that it should not undermine the value of generalised respect, which grounds formal equality. I argue that an intersubjective account of respect explicitly integrates the generalised and particular moral perspectives, and thus serves as an ideal for interactions in the multicultural classroom. Through the analysis of two examples, I show that both forms of respect are logically dependent on one another and have a mutually supportive place in the practice of teaching.
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    Notes: Note is taken of the requirement (expressed in the British Educational Reform Act 1988 and other documents) that the curriculum should contribute to the spiritual development of pupils in the school and of society. Declining to reject the term as vacuous, the paper explores various suggested meanings: induction into a particular religion, consideration of fundamental questions, a sense of self, certain largely inexpressible states of mind, and pupils' non–material well–being. All of these, with the possible exception of the first in the context of a multicultural public educational system, are shown to have some possible validity, subject to the need for further explication. Sincere concern with any profound notion of spiritual development is, however, held to be difficult to reconcile with current officially sanctioned conceptions of education.
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    Notes: In this interview, Christopher Norris discusses a wide range of issues having to do with postmodernism, deconstruction and other controversial topics of debate within present–day philosophy and critical theory. More specifically he challenges the view of deconstruction as just another offshoot of the broader postmodernist trend in cultural studies and the social sciences. Norris puts the case for deconstruction as continuing the ‘unfinished project of modernity’ and—in particular—for Derrida’s work as sustaining the values of enlightened critical reason in various spheres of thought from epistemology to ethics, sociology and politics. Along the way he addresses a number of questions that have lately been raised with particular urgency for teachers and educationalists, among them the revival of creationist doctrine and the idea of scientific knowledge as a social, cultural, or discursive construct. In this context he addresses the ‘science wars’ or the debate between those who uphold the values of scientific reason, progress and truth, and those (like the ‘strong’ sociologists of knowledge) who would reject such values as merely the expression of a dominant ideological consensus.  Norris also discusses the emergence of anti–realism as a strongly marked trend within recent analytic philosophy, one that denies the existence of objective (‘recognition–transcendent’) truths in mathematics, the physical sciences, history and other disciplines. Thus statements are thought of as possessing a truth–value just insofar as we possess some adequate proof–procedure or some means of finding them out through empirical or other methods of enquiry. Norris offers a range of arguments against this anti–realist position and brings out its convergence with various postmodernist lines of thought. Through a running commentary on Derrida’s work in relation to these developments he shows how deconstruction has been misconstrued by sociologists, cultural critics and educational theorists whose understanding has often been based on a limited acquaintance with the primary texts. Above all Norris calls for a renewed engagement with the philosophic discourse of modernity and a willingness to challenge postmodern scepticism and value–relativism in a spirit of open–minded critical debate.
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    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Innovation is a prerequisite for every nation and business facing the emergence of a knowledge–based economy and globalization. For small and medium firms in developing countries with limited resources and relatively low national advantage innovation is much more difficult. Government innovation policy, stemming from three sides – supply, demand, and environment, has been shown to play a major role in assisting firms to conduct innovation activities, especially in developing countries. This paper first summarizes recent tends and issues relevant to Taiwan’s innovation structure and policy. Then, considering the present situation of Taiwan, analyzes the effect of government policy and current problems. Recommendations are presented systematically, based upon innovation policy.
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Books reviewed:Margaret Graham and Alec Shuldiner, Corning and the Craft of InnovationDavis Dyer and Daniel Gross, The Generations of Corning. The Life and Times of a Global CorporationWim During, Ray Oakey and Saleema Kauser (eds.), New Technology–based Firms at the Turn of the Century
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    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In this paper, we examine the different evolutionary processes and outcomes of the hard disk drive and liquid crystal display industries in Taiwan. To this end, we make two general theoretical claims. First, that an appreciation of the globalization of technology is as important as national institutions in understanding industry development in catch–up economies such as Taiwan. Second, in addressing both industrial survival and failure, that national institutions can have either a positive or a negative impact on sectoral activities. Empirically, we show that, in Taiwan, rigid social institutions conflict with the hard disk drive technology. This conflict, in turn, produces obstacles to Taiwanese firms’ search for new markets and skills in hard disk drives. On the other hand, Taiwan’s institutional structures provide a source of technical efficiency and market opportunity for the emerging liquid crystal display trajectory. This, in turn, drives Taiwanese industry towards adopting new practices in the manufacture of liquid crystal displays.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 89
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    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Israel offers contingent subsidies to selected industrial R&D projects, with the purpose of creating high–quality jobs, reducing the trade deficit, increasing productivity and promoting growth. In 1987–94, 1,200 firms received $1,400 million of subsidies in support of $3,500 million of R&D (in constant 1996 dollars). We estimate that this R&D generated more than $31,000 million of sales, increasing industrial employment by about 10% and contributing to the trade balance a sum slightly less than the entire private sector deficit in the current account. It added 0.3% to GDP in increased productivity, each dollar of supported R&D adding an additional $0.45 to GDP and earning the economy a direct annual return of 13.4%. Electronics, broadly defined, received roughly half the subsidies while accounting for nearly two thirds of the gains; small firms that received one sixth of the subsidies contributed over a quarter of the gains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 90
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper considers the increasing trend of inter–working among small firms. Networks of small firms co–operate in certain activities, such as marketing, purchasing, R&D, training or manufacturing. But does co–operation lead to innovation? To answer this question published evaluations of small firms co–operating for mutual benefit are reappraised. Inter–working among small firms is then investigated further by interviewing three network brokers. The brokers were funded by regional governments and they facilitated co–operation between small firms. These semi–structured discussions explored the key characteristics of successful networks, the responsibilities of the broker and the level of innovation occurring.Networking is primarily a competitive response. It needs to evolve into a mechanism to enable small firms to develop innovative products and processes jointly. Small firms may have to rethink their approach to co–operation, and their motives for initiating inter–working if they are to benefit fully from co–operation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 91
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    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper discusses the limitations of many fiscal and related methods of encouraging increases in R&D as a tool for establishing research priorities. It suggests that any ‘national’ rather than industry–specific approach is likely to be ineffective in stimulating the R&D needed for the development of all industries. This is particularly the case in countries such as Australia and New Zealand where many decisions about R&D investments are made overseas, in the headquarters of the multinational firms that dominate most sectors of the economy. Instead, the paper suggests that an industry development approach currently being used in Australia, the Action Agenda approach, be modified to include a broader range of players, notably the public sector R&D community and an industry’s ‘users’, to think about and establish R&D priorities which will underpin progress in the industry as a whole rather than being restricted to individual firms. The proposal rests on the results of AEGIS empirical research (surveys and interviews) into the dynamics of innovation in different ‘product systems’ (broader than sectors) in Australia which indicates the broad range of players that need to be included both in the analysis of innovation and in policies for stimulating the research which can assist innovation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 92
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: There is increasing interest worldwide in stimulating the emergence and growth of new technology–based companies, and in the role of public–funded research agencies in this process. This paper examines the experience of CSIRO, Australia’s largest R&D organisation, in creating new companies, as part of its technology transfer activities.Three modes of technology transfer are described, namely Non–Commercial Transfer, Commercial Transfer and New Company Generation. The technology transfer ‘mix’, that is the relative weight given to the different modes, has changed in CSIRO and in other public funded agencies in recent years. The increased importance being given to New Company Generation in CSIRO is attributed to the development of in–house commercial expertise, changing public expectations and the increased availability of venture capital.CSIRO’s experience with spin–offs and other new companies is analysed, and the challenges related to effective use of this mode of technology transfer are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: A research project on the development of process technology in process industry led to recognition of the importance of a better classification of different types of process development. A new classification system and matrix have consequently been developed, using the dimensions ‘newness to the world’ and ‘newness to the company’. The distribution of annual company expenditures for process development in the matrix and the estimated usability of the matrix have been tested as part of a larger survey conducted among R&D managers in European process industry. In view of the favourable response from industry, it is argued that the matrix could facilitate company portfolio balancing of process development projects, and that it is also necessary to distinguish between different types of process development in academic research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Nowadays many companies are aware of the importance of employee creativity. Suggestion systems are among the instruments for channelling creativity. However, companies vary strongly in the success with which they use suggestion systems. This article aims to clarify the organisational conditions for the successful use of suggestion systems. The Creativity Transformation Model encompasses the main factors that influence the functioning of suggestion systems. The model is tested within specific divisions of three companies that can be considered best practices in the use of suggestion systems. By applying the model, companies will be able to transfer employee creativity optimally into practicable ideas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Analyzing the way organizations function and the processes that operate within these organizations is an important managerial responsibility. We have adopted a people–oriented approach called organizational energy to develop a simple process for diagnosing the level of satisfaction of scientists working in R&D laboratories. Psychic energy as reflected in different work activities in an organization is manifested in energy generating and energy draining activities that can be reduced to an energy count. The present study assesses the use of mental energy by scientific personnel working in three national laboratories in India with the objective of increasing the energy count for improving organizational effectiveness. We hope that the results can be used as the basis for initiating action to improve the motivation and utilization of scientists in India, to support the overall goal of self–reliance in science and technology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This study aims to add to the existing knowledge of how innovation works in organisations. By understanding how to assess/evaluate processes that support and enable innovation, managers can better manage innovation as a business process. This paper addresses elements of organisational behaviour that relate to people management where innovation and technology management is concerned. Perception plays a crucial role in driving behaviour and therefore the widely accepted business scorecard methodology has been used to measure innovation practices in the organisation. The research was done in a knowledge intensive technology organisation (KITO) in South Africa. Interviews with managers of R&D were conducted. These interviews were used to adapt an existing audit instrument to suit the technology–based organisation. Thereafter, a comprehensive audit of innovation was conducted at three different management levels using the adapted instrument. Over 100, mostly R&D managers, were asked to complete a scorecard–based questionnaire and to draw a visual representation (VR) of innovation. The results of the interviews, audit and VRs were used to produce a management framework that is not only applicable to a KITO, but can also be used widely to improve innovation through enhanced visual understanding of any technology–based organisation. The results of the study indicate that measuring innovation through a validated instrument is highly valuable. The Holistic System Framework for innovation and the measurement instrument facilitated (1) management of, and (2) organisational learning about innovation. The comprehensive audit indicated, on a strategic level, the strengths and weaknesses of the innovation process as practised in the organisation. The instrument is valuable at a strategic management level as it indicates where in the organisation the gaps exist regarding the management of the process of innovation with the aim to create a competitive advantage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In many hi–tech sectors one of the most important dimensions of competition is standardisation. This is particularly true in modular markets (i.e. markets characterised by the existence of modular architectures) and in network markets (i.e. markets where users would like to buy products compatible with those bought by others). Different processes may lead to the standard–setting. Sometimes there are fierce standardisation wars whereas in other cases competitors are able to agree on a common standard before the introduction of the technology on the market. In this paper we endeavour to provide an interpretative framework of the standardisation process and validate such a framework through an in–depth analysis of two case studies in a typical network market (the multimedia sector): the case of the Modem 56k and the case of the Information Appliances–Enhanced TV.The two case studies offer some evidence of the standardisation process and of the growing importance of super–partes organisations (Standard Development Organisations) in the mediation process between different interests and technologies to impose a common standard on the market.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    R & D management 32 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-9310
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: In the second half of inter–organizational product development, the new product is likely to face significant design changes. Our study focused on the adequacy of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to support the collaborative partners to steer and align the accompanying design activities. It quantitatively supported discussions between researchers, engineers, manufacturers and future users involved in the development of a voice–producing prosthesis. These discussions focused on the planning of respectively the product design objectives, design changes, and design activities. This product design planning was based on the product requirements relevant to the diverse groups involved, a pro–active view on the market circumstances, the available knowledge, skills and resources, lead–time and costs. The outcomes showed that the AHP is an adequate tool for R&D managers to support inter–organizational product development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
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    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of management studies 39 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The expansion of Japanese FDI into the UK manufacturing sector during the 1980s and early 1990s gave rise to the debate on the Japanization of British industry. The paper argues that this debate was constructed from a Western perspective. It did not locate the strategies and structures of Japanese subsidiaries within the broader context of how Japanese multinational corporations were evolving in this period. The necessity to look at these issues from a more global perspective is reinforced by the changes which have occurred since the mid 1990s in the environment for Japanese multinationals. The global economy offers more choices to firms about their location as well as facing them with a more competitive environment. In the Japanese case, this is leading to a growing differentiation between standardized mass production (which can be located in Asia and Eastern Europe) and science–led sectors of industrial production (which necessitate location near to centres of research and development expertise in the USA and Europe). This means that Japanese firms are reconsidering the strategy and structure of their subsidiaries in the UK. Standardized mass production will only survive in the UK as long as costs can be pushed further down and productivity increased, both of which are difficult conditions to meet given possibilities elsewhere in the world for cheap mass production. The growing area of investment will be in science–based manufacturing, though here the UK will be competing against the USA and Germany for Japanese investment. Here, however, the organizational and management characteristics of Japanese subsidiaries will make the necessary connections with local managers and local networks of expertise difficult to achieve. Thus Japanese subsidiaries in the UK are in a period of prolonged uncertainty about their role in the future. These changes open up the necessity for a new agenda of research which goes beyond the Japanization approach and is concerned with the organization and management of Japanese multinationals in an era of global competition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    Journal of management studies 39 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Our study of the travel agency Flight Centre began as a case study of a company that appears to be a ‘success story’ in what is a highly competitive industry. In the course of our study we found that inscribed in Flight Centre were two, differing discourses which appear to co–exist in creative tension throughout the organization. One discourse is competitive individualism and the other collaborative teamwork. Our paper focuses on how Flight Centre has made use of multiple discourses such as these in the process of achieving competitive advantage, and how people manage the differing discursive logics which confront them on a day–to–day basis. The paper proceeds by identifying the social and textual practices which constitute each discourse. It then establishes the discursive co–existence and tension which exists between the two discourses. Study is made of the conditions under which this discursive co–existence is disrupted. We then identify the interpretative routines and practices through which organizational actors maintain and reproduce discursive co–existence. Our paper concludes by considering a variety of implications of studying multiple discourses in organizations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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