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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 39 (1999), S. 1027-1034 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Computertomographie ; Kiefer ; Dental-CT ; Software ; Key words Mandible ; Maxilla ; Computed tomography ; Software ; Dental-CT ; Jaws ; CT
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Traditionally oral surgeons and dentists have evaluated the jaws using intraoral films and panoramic radiographs. The involvement of radiologists has been limited. In the past few years dedicated CT-software-programs developed to evaluate dental implant patients have provided a new look at the jaws. The complex anatomy is described and identified on human skulls and on axial, panoramic, and cross-sectional images. With this anatomic description Dental-CT-scans are used to demonstrate the anatomy of maxilla and the mandible. An overview of the technique of Dental-CT is provided, furthermore the radiation dose of different organs is explained. Suggestions to reduce these doses by simple modifications of the recommended procols are given.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Einführung im Bereich der Computertomographiesoftware (Dental-CT) ermöglicht dem Radiologen zusätzlich zu den üblichen, von den Zahnärzten durchgeführten Röntgenuntersuchungen eine überlagerungs- und verzerrungsfreie Darstellung des Ober- und Unterkiefers. In der Implantologie ist mit dieser Darstellung eine exakte Planung möglich. Weiterhin haben sich Dünnschicht-CT-Untersuchungen auch bei der Abklärung von Zysten, Tumoren, Frakturen, tiefen Parodontitiden und retinierten Zähnen bewährt. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Überblick über die Anatomie, die Untersuchungstechnik des Dental-CT und die auftretende Strahlenbelastung gegeben. Basierend auf rezente Literaturangaben kann eine Reduktion der absorbierten Dosis bei gleichbleibender Bildqualität durch einfache Protokollmodifikationen erzielt werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 3 (1998), S. 436-443 
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Uncertainty ; Expert system ; Software ; Accreditation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  An important part of quality assurance in any analytical laboratory is the production of comprehensive results integrating uncertainty measurements. Many testing laboratories face the problem that the expenditure required to evaluate small uncertainties (high precision and high accuracy) is often uneconomic. In most cases an uncertainty of high reliability has to be calculated from only a few data (one calibration, few replications, etc.). This problem can be solved by an expert system. To achieve this the analytical procedure has to be structured into a dialouge and divided into parts. The uncertainty has to be calculated for each part of the procedure. Addition of the individual uncertainties results in the combined and expanded uncertainty. During the dialouge the system should advise the analyst how to get an efficient and effective calculation of uncertainty. All calculations, mathematical and statistical procedures have to be surveyable but running the system should not be too time consuming for economic reasons. Within the scope of the EURECA-project initiated by the Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt (EMPA), St. Gallen, Switzerland, expert system software is being developed in cooperation with other research institutes and manufacturers of analytical instruments. Using this software it will be possible to calculate the uncertainty for analytical procedures such as titration, atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and gas- and liquid chromatography (GC, HPLC).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 3 (1998), S. 140-144 
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Validation ; Qualification ; Computers ; Software ; Analytical ; Laboratories
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  Installation and operational qualification are important steps in the overall validation and qualification process for software and computer systems. This article guides users of such systems step by step through the installation and operational qualification procedures. It provides guidelines on what should be tested and documented during installation prior to routine use. The author also presents procedures for the qualification of software using chromatographic data systems and a network server for central archiving as examples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-122X
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter  Qualitätssicherung ; technisches System ; Software ; Sicherheit ; Zuverlässigkeit ; Messung ; Test ; Key words  Quality assurance ; Technical system ; Software ; Safety ; Reliability ; Measure ; Test
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary   Quality assurance of software-based systems requires a comprehensive approach and techniques that can be applied to different components, e.g., software, electronic components, technical processes. To satisfy economical and technical requirements demands adequate solutions. In the following several problem areas and approaches are discussed. The techniques include formally complete safety proofs, statistical analysis of measures, e.g., reliability measures, and informal, but systematic test techniques.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung   Die Qualitätssicherung Software-basierter technischer Systeme erfordert ganzheitliche Betrachtungsweisen und Techniken, die auf unterschiedlich realisierte Systemkomponenten - z.B. Software, elektronische Komponenten, technische Prozesse - gleichermaßen anzuwenden sind. Eine ökonomisch und technisch sinnvolle Qualitätssicherung fordert die Verwendung angepaßter Lösungen. Im folgenden werden Problembereiche umrissen und exemplarische Lösungsansätze diskutiert. Es werden Techniken vorgestellt, die von formal vollständigen Sicherheitsnachweisen über statistisch abgesicherte Analysen von Maßen (z.B. Zuverlässigkeitsmaßen) bis zu informalen, aber systematischen Prüftechniken reichen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 38 (1998), S. 779-782 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Bibliographie ; Software ; Literaturdatenbanken ; Publizieren ; Key words Bibliography ; Software ; Reference management systems ; Publishing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung A good reference management program should make it easy to record the elements of a reference: author’s name, year of publication, title of article, etc. It should offer tools that let you find and retrieve references quickly, and it should be able to produce the bibliography in the format required for a particular publication. There are many computer programs, but very few stand out as truly useful, time saving, and work enhancing. One of them is EndNote-EndLink. We want to report our experience with this database manager. The functions and the use of the software package EndNote 2.3 for Windows are described. You can create your database or you can download batches of references from one of the popular searching services (e.g. MEDLINE). When you want to cite a reference you simply paste the reference wherever you want your in-text citation to appear. To prepare the bibliography, EndNote scans your article, replaces the place holders with citations and prints the list of references at the end of the manuscript, according with the style that you have chosen. Altogether EndNote provides an excellent combination of features and ease of use.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ein gutes Programm zur Referenzierung von wissenschaftlicher Literatur weist folgende Eigenschaften auf: Die bibliographischen Angaben (Name des Autors, Publikationsjahr, Titel der Arbeit usw.) können problemlos gespeichert werden, mit den Suchfunktionen findet man schnell die entsprechenden Referenzen, und gemeinsam mit Textverarbeitungsprogrammen kann unter Berücksichtigung verschiedenster Zeitschriftenrichtlinien ein Literaturverzeichnis erstellt werden. Es gibt viele diesbezügliche Computerprogramme, aber nur wenige, die brauchbar, zeitsparend und arbeitserleichternd sind. Eines von diesen ist EndNote-EndLink. Wir wollen über unsere eigenen Erfahrungen mit diesem Referenzmanager berichten. Die Arbeitsweise des Referenzmanagers EndNote 2.3 für Windows wird beschrieben. Mit dem Referenzmanager können bibliographische Daten von Zeitschriftenaufsätzen, Büchern, Buchbeiträgen, Dissertationen und Kongreßdaten erfaßt werden. Außerdem können Daten von anderen Datenbanken, wie beispielsweise MEDLINE, importiert werden. Bei der Erstellung eines Literaturverzeichnisses braucht man die jeweilige Literaturstelle nur zu kopieren und dann an der entsprechenden Stelle in den Text einzufügen. Der Text wird durch EndNote bearbeitet, die Intext-Citations umgewandelt und das Literaturverzeichnis entsprechend den gewünschten Anforderungen erstellt. Zusammenfassend kann EndNote als ein herausragendes und benutzerfreundliches Arbeitsinstrument charakterisiert werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Software quality journal 7 (1998), S. 107-122 
    ISSN: 1573-1367
    Keywords: Software ; Process Improvement ; Personal ; Rapid Application Development ; Defect ; Metrics ; Reviews
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Software organizations can significantly improve the quality of their output if they have a defined and documented software process, together with the appropriate techniques and tools to measure its effectiveness. Without a defined process it is impossible to measure success or focus on how development capability can be enhanced. To date, a number of software process improvement frameworks have been developed and implemented. However, most of these models have been targeted at large-scale producers. Furthermore, they have applied to companies who use traditional development techniques. Smaller companies and those operating in development areas where speed of delivery is paramount have not, as yet, had process improvement paradigms available for adoption. This study examined the software process in a small company and emerged with the recommendation of the use of the Dynamic Systems Development Method (DSDM) and the Personal Software Process (PSP) for achieving software process improvement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 2 (1997), S. 360-366 
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Validation ; Qualification ; Computers ; Software ; Analytical ; Laboratories
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  Software and computer systems are tested during all development phases. The user requirements and functional specifications documents are reviewed by programmers and typical anticipated users. The design specifications are reviewed by peers in one to two day sessions and the source code is inspected by peers, if necessary. Finally, the function and performance of the system is tested by typical anticipated users outside the development department in a real laboratory environment. All development phases including test activities and the final release follow a well-documented procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Artificial life and robotics 1 (1997), S. 21-26 
    ISSN: 1614-7456
    Keywords: Evolution ; Software ; Artificial life ; Natural selection ; Artificial selection ; Evolvability ; Ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract A review of efforts to implement the process of evolution in a computational medium. The review will cover prominent examples, and discuss the major classes of implementations, their successes, and the obstacles they face.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Accreditation and quality assurance 1 (1996), S. 24-34 
    ISSN: 1432-0517
    Keywords: Key words Quality assurance ; Instrumentation ; Installation qualification ; Acceptance testing ; Validation ; Software ; Performance control ; Performance verification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract  The quality process for commercial analytical equipment starts with the selection of the vendor. It is recommended that vendors be selected who are recognized as having quality processes in place for instrument design, development, manufacturing, testing, service, and support, for example, ISO 9001 registration. When the instrument arrives in the laboratory, the installation process should follow well-documented procedures. This includes a visual inspection that the instrument is not damaged and checking that the instrument, documentation and accessories such as cables and tubings are complete. Before the instrument is used it should be verified that it meets functional and performance specification. During operation the instruments should be periodically inspected and tested, verified to meet performance, and calibrated. The instrument should be labeled with the calibration status, indicating the dates of the last successful and the next performance verification and calibration. Defective instruments should be removed from the testing area or should at least be labeled as being "out of order."
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of biomolecular NMR 8 (1996), S. 445-452 
    ISSN: 1573-5001
    Keywords: Linear prediction ; FFT ; Maximum entropy ; Signal processing ; MaxEnt ; Software ; Command language ; Graphic user interface
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The Gifa program is designed for processing, displaying and analysing 1D, 2D and 3D NMR data sets. It has been constructed in a modular fashion, based on three independent modules: a set of commands that perform all the basic processing operations such as apodisation functions, a complete set of Fourier Transforms, phasing and baseline correction, peak-picking and line fitting, linear prediction and maximum entropy processing; a set of command language primitives that permit the execution of complex macro commands; and a set of graphic commands that permit to build a complete graphic user interface, allowing the user to interact easily with the program. We have tried to create a versatile program that can be easily extended according to the user's requirements and that is adapted to a novice as well as an experienced user. The program runs on any UNIX computer, with or without graphic display, in interactive or batch mode.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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