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  • Electronic Resource  (16)
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  • 1995-1999  (13)
  • 1960-1964  (3)
  • 1997  (13)
  • 1964  (3)
  • Catalysis
  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Decarboxylation ; Enantioselectivity ; Catalysis ; β-Ketoacid ; Aminoalcohol ; Circular dichroism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Katalytische Mengen von enantiomerenreinen Aminoalkoholen beschleunigen die Decarboxylierung von 2-Carboxy-2-methyl-1-tetralon. Es werden Enantiomerenüberschüsse von bis zu 35% erzielt. CD-Spektroskopie erlaubt eine schnelle Abschätzung der Effizienz von Aminoalkoholen und anderen Verbindungen als Katalysatoren für asymmetrische Reaktionen.
    Notes: Summary Catalytic amounts of enantiopure aminoalcohols assist the decarboxylation of 2-carboxy-2-methyl-1-tetralone to 2-methyl-1-tetralone affording enantiomeric excesses of up to 35%. A rapid screening of the efficiency of various potential inductors of enantioselectivity has been carried out using circular dichroism spectroscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1997 (1997), S. 637-647 
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Combinational libraries ; Molecular recognition ; Receptors ; Ligands ; Catalysis ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Combinatorial libraries offer a new powerful tool for gathering empirical information about host/guest interactions and for developing catalysts for organic reactions. Combinatorial approaches to molecular recognition are discussed, i.e. screening of libraries of ligands with synthetic receptors and libraries of synthetic receptors with the ligands for which selective binding is desired. Recent achievements in the development of new catalysts for organic synthesis using combinatorial approaches are also reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0948-1907
    Keywords: Silicon nitride filaments ; CVD ; Catalysis ; Kinetics ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Catalyzed chemical vapor deposition of α-silicon nitride filaments from silicon subhydrides and ammonia was studied using calculation of nitrogen solubility in selected catalysts (silicon-containing iron alloys), both in the solid and liquid-state, by filament deposition experiments with catalysts of various composition and size, and by variation of the flow rates and partial pressures of precursor gases, the silicon subhydrides and ammonia. The results show that neither nitrogen solubility in, nor nitrogen diffusion through the catalyst plays a determining role in the deposition kinetics, as has been previously suggested. Instead, the deposition rate is determined by the partial dissociation of ammonia, which can be accelerated by adding diluent gases with a sufficiently high collision cross section. The catalyst material has an additional, strongly accelerating effect. The present state of research suggests that nitrogen is the preferred diluent gas and chromium an optimum alloying element.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1021-1027 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Zinc ; Chirality ; Cross-coupling ; Phosphorylations ; Catalysis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This Microreview on the chemistry of organozinc reagents starts by briefly showing the methods of preparation of organozinc compounds and then discusses the considerable synthetic utility of zinc organometallics for the formation of new carbon-carbon bonds in the presence of transition-metal catalysts. Finally, the use of organozinc chemistry for the preparation of polyfunctional and chiral phosphanes is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 453-462 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Cycloadditions ; Catalysis ; 1-Oxa-1,3-dienes ; Molybdenum ; stereoselectivity ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Molybdenum-mediated [6 + 2]-cycloaddition reactions of unsaturated ketones to cyclotri- or -tetraenes, e.g. cyclohepta-1,3,5-triene or cyclooctatetraene, proceed under very mild conditions, in high yields and with excellent stereoselectivity starting from the appropriate dicarbonylbis[π4-(1-oxa-1,3-diene)]molybdenum complexes. The stereochemistry of the product arising from the reaction of dicarbonylbis[π4-(5-methylhex-3-en-2-one)]molybdenum with cyclohepta-1,3,5-triene allows one to deduce a stepwise mechanism for this addition. The reactants are fused, as would be expected from an exo-type approach, thus indicating an intermolecular attack of the cycloheptatriene. Tungsten oxadiene complexes are effective in analogous reactions at somewhat reduced reaction rates. Catalytic cycloadditions are observed in several cases when 1-5 mol% of the highly reactive dicarbonylbis[π4-(R-(+)-pinocarvone)]molybdenum is employed as the catalyst. Cycloadducts are formed diastereospecifically in most cases. When cyclooctatrienes are employed as reactants, a sequence of electrocyclization of the triene and subsequent [4 + 2]-cycloadditon occurs with high selectivity and efficiency, leading to a pentacyclic ketone. The product structure reveals an endo-type approach of the polyene in this case.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 1655-1658 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Catalysis ; Oxidations ; Transition metals ; Sodium percarbonate ; 1, 2-Dichloroethane ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The screening of metal chlorides and metal acetylacetonates as catalysts for the oxidation of 1-indanol by sodium percarbonate (at reflux in 1,2-dichloroethane in the presence of small amounts of Adogen 464) has been carried out. The efficiency of the process depended on the nature of the transition metal and its oxidation state but, except for iron, was not greatly influenced by the nature of the ligands. Good conversions and yields have been obtained using PdCl2, RhCl3, RuCl3 and, particularly, MoO2(acac)2 as catalysts.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 130 (1997), S. 13-22 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Carbamates ; Catalysis ; Substituted nitrobenzenes ; Palladium ; Reductive carbonylation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The palladium-catalyzed reductive carbonylation of ortho and para-substituted nitrobenzenes has proven to be an attractive route for the synthesis of functionalized carbamates. For the Pd(1, 10-phenanthroline)2(triflate)2 catalyst system, the scope of the reaction has been studied. Substrates with electron-donating substituents at the para position were found to decrease the catalytic activity, most probably as a result of their relatively low oxidizing capacity. the selectivity towards the desired carbamate, however, was increased for these substrates. Under the influence of electron-withdrawing substituents the azoxybenzene and azobenzene derivatives became important side products. Introduction of large steric hindrance at the ortho position of the nitro substrates gave rise to an interesting side reaction, viz. methoxylation of the aromatic ring. The methoxylation reaction appeared to occur on an intermediate species in the catalytic cycle. Several functionalities have shown to be resistant to the reaction conditions required for the conversion ot the nitro group. Especially with 4-nitrobenzoic acid, an extremely high activity and selectivity was found, thus yielding a very convenient synthesis for N-protected amines containing carboxylic acid function.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Arene complexes ; Ruthenium compounds ; Electrophilic substitution ; Lithiation ; Catalysis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chiral or achiral (arene)(COD)Ru complexes can be made by replacing the η6-ligands of (η4-1,5-COD)(η6-1,3,5-cyclooctatriene)Ru (1) or (η4-1,5-COD)(η6-naphthalene)Ru (2) by a suitable arene. This well known reaction has been extended to mono- and dibromoarenes and we report a novel route to substituted (arene)(COD)Ru species, utilizing (bromoarene)-(COD)Ru as starting materials. These facilitate a rapid bromine-lithium exchange reaction with nBuLi at low temperatures and the lithiated species react readily with alkyl chloroformates as electrophiles. By using chiral electrophiles [alkyl = (-)-menthyl] enantiomerically pure or diastereomeric complexes containing CO2R* groups are formed, depending on the symmetry of the original complex. A diastereomeric 1:1 mixture was separated by recrystallization. All (arene)-(COD)Ru complexes tested so far are useful as catalysts for the hydrogenation of simple alkenes at room temperature.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Bis(triphenylmethoxy)hydroborane ; Naphtho[2,3-d], -1,3,2-dioxaborolane ; Naphtho[1,8-de]-1,3,2-dioxaborinane ; Phenanthro[9,10-d]-1,3,2-dioxaborolane ; Dibenzol[d,g]-1,3,2-dioxaborocine ; Bis(diphenylmethoxy)borane ; Tetrachlorobenzo-1,3,2-dioxaboraolen ; Hydroborations ; Boron ; Catalysis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New and stable bis(organyloxy)boranes, 1,3,2-dioxaborolanes and 1,3,2-dixoaborinanes have been prepared (i) from the corresponding diol and BH3·THF and (ii) from 1,2-diketones and BH3·THF. They were characterized by spectroscopic techniques. The BH stretching frequency seems to be a measure of ring strain and Lewis acidity. The compounds have been qualitatively tested in the transition-metal-catalysed hydroboration of cyclopentene, and the dioxaborinane 11 proved to be superior to the 1,3,2-dioxaborolanes 9 and 18.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Zinc complexes ; Alkyl carbonate complexes ; CO2 fixation, reversible ; Catalysis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The zinc hydroxide complexes Tp*Zn-OH with TpCum,Me = tris(3-cumenyl-5-methylpyrazolyl)borate and TptBu,Me = tris(3-tert-butyl-5-methylpyrazolyl)borate can be converted to the alkyl carbonate complexes Tp*Zn-OCOOR by reaction with dialkyl dicarbonates or with alcohol and CO2. An alternative formation reaction is the treatment of the pyrazolyl borate with zinc perchlorate and potassium carbonate in alcohol. The interconversion between TpCum,MeZn-OH and TpCum,MeZn-OCOOMe in methanol-containing solution can be repeatedly performed in both directions by bubbling either CO2 or N2 through the solution. The alkyl carbonate complexes show a variable sensitivity towards hydrolytic destruction with reformation of the hydroxide complexes. The complexes TptBu,MeZn-OCOOR (R = Me, Et) release CO2 under high vacuum to form the alkoxide complexes TptBu,Me-Zn-OR, which could not be obtained pure due to their extreme water sensitivity. Indirect evidence for their existence is also obtained by the reaction between TpCum,MeZn-OCOOMe and methyl iodide, forming TpCum,MeZn-I and dimethyl ether. The Zinc hydroxide complexes catalyse the formation of diethyl carbonate from ethanol and CO2.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 11
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Tripod ligands ; Phosphane oxides ; Cobalt ; Oxidation ; Catalysis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The reactivity of complexes of triphos [CH3C(CH2PPh2)3] and CoCl2 towards dioxygen has been investigated. Reaction of the pseudo-tetrahedral complex (η2-triphos)CoCl2 (1) with dioxygen yields after work-up the mixed phosphane/phosphane oxide ligands triphosO and triphosO2. The novel ligand triphosO2 can be obtained in quantitative yield using catalytic amounts of 1. In order to gain some insight into the catalytic dioxygen activation reaction, experiments with various triphos/Co/Cl species, in different solvents and at several concentrations have been carried out. A mechanism involving two separate reaction pathways is proposed. Complexes of triphosO and triphosO2 with CoCl2, [η2-(P, P)-triphosO]CoCl2 (4), and [η2-(P, O)-triphosO2]CoCl2 (5), which are present as intermediates in the oxygenation reaction, have been isolated and fully characterized including X-ray structural analyses.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Alkynes ; Allenes ; Furans ; Palladium ; Catalysis ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: By making the choice of either PDCl2(MeCN)2 or PTH rac-4 as catalyst, the allenyl ketones 1 could be preferentially cycloisomerized/dimerized to either 2,4-disubstituted furans 3 or preferentially cycloisomerized to the monosubstituted furans 2. Since the PTH catalyst tolerates functional groups like terminal alkynes, α-halogen ketones, and alkyl halides that inhibit the silver catalysis, the latter method is an important extension of Marshall's Ag1-catalyzed isomerization of 1 to 2. Some of these latter reactions also showed exciting chemoselectivities, e.g. with allenyl ketones, such as 1c and 1d, which also also possess a 1,6-enyne substructure, no enynecyclization was observed. This is also the first reported example of catalysis by a PTH.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 623 (1997), S. 997-1005 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Amine Alcohol Ligands ; Catalysis ; DMSO Reductases ; Molybdenum Complexes ; Oxygen Atom Transfer ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis, Structure, and Oxygen Atom Transfer Reactions for Dioxomolybdenum(VI) Complexes with Multidentate Amine AlcoholsThe trivalent, pentadentate amine alcohol ligands l,l-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-l,4-diazabutane (H3hebab) and N-salicylidene-2-(bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-ethylamine (H3sabhea) react with [MoO2(acac)2] in methanol solution to yield the cis-dioxomolybdenum(Vl) complexes [MoO2(Hsabhea)] (1) und (MoO2(Hhcbab) (2). The complexes have been characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, vibrational (IR, Raman), and UV/Vis spectroscopy as well as crystal structure analyses (1: monoclinic space group P21/c, a = 1583.6(5), b = 681.2(3), c = 1332.8(5) pm, β = 101.42(3)°, Z = 4; 2: monoclinic space group P21/c, a = 2096.5(4), b = 755.5(1), c = 2000.4(4) pm, β = 112.26(1)°, Z = 8), For both complexes the molybdenum center possesses a distorted octahedral environment with the oxo ligands oriented trans to the nitrogen donor centers of the respective ligand system. In the case of 1 this leads to a sterically strained facial coordination of the imine-chelate fragment established by the phenolate oxygen and imine as well as tertiary amine nitrogen donors. This is in contrast to the usually prefered meridional coordination of such an imine-chelate fragment. The catalytic activity of the complexes 1 and 2 toward oxygen atom transfer is investigated for the model reaction between DMSO and triphenylphos-phane. Both complexes catalyse the oxidation of triphenylphos-phane by DMSO, with the marked contrast that 1 is the much more efficient catalyst. This observations can be explained on the bases of the structural differences between the complexes 1 and 2.
    Notes: Die dreibasigen, fünfzähnigen Aminoalkohole l,l-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-(2-hydroxybenzyl)4,4-diaza-butan (H3hebab) und N-Salicyliden-2-(bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-amino)ethylamin (H3sabhea) reagieren mit [MoO2(acac)2] in Methanol als Lösungsmittel zu den cis-Dioxomolybdän(VI)-Komplexen [MoO2(Hsabhea)] (1) und [MoO2(Hhebab)] (2). Die Komplexe wurden mit Hilfe von 1H-NMR-, 13C-NMR-, Schwingungs- (IR, Raman) und UV/Vis-Spektroskopie sowie Kristallstrukturanalysen (1): monokline Raumgruppe P21/c; a = 1583,6(5); b = 681,2(3); c = 1332,8(5) pm; β = 101,42(3)°; Z = 4; 2: monokline Raumgruppe P21/c; a = 2096,5(4); b = 755,5(1); c = 2000,4(4) pm; β = 112.26(1)°; Z = 8) charakterisiert. In beiden Komplexen besitzt das Molybdän(VI)-Zentrum eine verzerrt oktaedrische Umgebung, dabei sind die Oxo-Liganden jeweils trans-ständig zu den beiden Stickstoffdonorzentren der Ligandgerüste. Für 1 führt dies zu einer sterisch gespannten facialen Koordination der üblicherweise meridional koordinierten Imino-Chelateinhcit des Ligandgerüsts, bestehend aus Phenolatsauerstoff- bzw. Imin- und tertiärem Aminstickstoffdonor. Die Reaktivität der Komplexe 1 und 2 bezüglich der Sauerstoffübertragung wird am Beispiel der Modellreaktion zwischen DMSO und Triphenylphosphan untersucht. Beide Komplexe katalysieren diese Reaktion, wobei 1 jedoch deutlich reaktiver ist. Die beobachtete Reaktivitätsabstufung läßt sich im wesentlichen auf die strukturellen Unterschiede der Komplexe 1 und 2 zurückführen.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 14
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Proton transfer ; Catalysis ; Enzyme catalysis ; Hydrolysis ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The proton occupies a special position as a promoter and mediator in chemical reactions occurring in solution. Many reactions in organic chemistry are catalysed by acids or bases; likewise, most enzymes contain active groups which promote acid-base catalysis. To understand the reaction mechanisms involved, it is necessary to identify the elementary steps as well as their course in time. Systematic investigation of these elementary steps as well as their course in time. Systematic investigation of these elementary steps has become possible only with the development of new methods for studying very fast reactions. The present paper reviews the information obtained in this type of investigation. The result is a relatively complete picture of the elementary proton transfer mechanisms and a comprehensive description of the modes and laws of acid-base and enzymatic catalysis.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 3 (1964), S. 185-191 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Coordination modes ; Catalysis ; Cyclooctatetraenes ; Reppe chemistry ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The relationship between the structure and the catalytic activity of nickel(II) complexes in the synthesis of cyclooctatetraene by the method of W. Reppe is discussed. The cyclotetramerization of acetylene takes place within labile Ni(II)-acetylene π-complexes. Inhibition tests have made it probable that four molecules of acetylene are grouped around the nickel ion in the transition state, in a configuration which favors the formation of the eight-membered ring.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 3 (1964), S. 93-101 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Organometallic catalysts ; Catalysis ; Reaction mechanisms ; Lithium ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Kinetic investigations of the polyreaction of isoprene with organolithium compounds as initiators in n-heptane as solvent indicate the following sequence of reactions: 1. formation of an adduct between a monomeric form of the organolithium compound and the isoprene and 2. reaction of this adduct with an associated form of the organolithium compound with insertion of the isoprene. The adduct formation is considered to be due to chemisorption, and proof of such chemisorption of a monomer (ethylene) is also demonstrated for a homogeneous Ziegler-type catalyst. All the reactions can be formulated in the form of cyclic structures with electron-deficient character. Postulation of such ring structures explains the surprising values obtained for the frequency factors and equilibrium constants.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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