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  • Electronic Resource  (7)
  • 2020-2024
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  • 1965-1969  (3)
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  • 1997  (4)
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  • 1966  (3)
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  • Squirrel monkey
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Respiratory movements during vocalization in the squirrel monkey (1997)
    Springer
    Experimental biology online 1 (1997), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1430-3418
    Keywords: Vocalization ; Respiration ; Squirrel monkey ; Lung-pressure modulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Respiratory abdominal movements during vocalization were measured in awake squirrel monkeys during spontaneous and playback-induced vocal activity. Large vocalization-correlated respiratory movements (VCRM) starting before vocalization were observed during several call types, such as peeping, trilling, cackling and err-chuck. Purring, in contrast, was accompanied by only small VCRM that started late after vocal onset. VCRM during trilling, a call with marked frequency modulation, showed a modulation in the rhythm of the frequency changes. A correlation with amplitude modulation was also present but more variable. As high frequencies need a higher lung pressure for production than low frequencies, the modulation of VCRM seems to serve to optimize the lung pressure in relation to the vocalization frequency. The modulation, furthermore, may act as a mechanism to produce different trill variants. During err-chucks and staccato peeps, which show a large amplitude modulation, a non-modulated VCRM occurred. This indicates the existence of a laryngeal amplitude-controlling mechanism that is independent of respiration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00898-996-0009-9
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacological interactions between serotonin and dopamine on behavior in the squirrel monkey (1997)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 131 (1997), S. 40-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Apomorphine ; Dopamine ; Drug self-administration ; Fixed-interval schedule ; GBR 12909 ; Operant behavior ; Quinpirole ; Second-order schedule ; Serotonin ; Squirrel monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The behavioral effects of GBR 12909, a selective dopamine uptake inhibitor, were determined in squirrel monkeys trained to respond under a fixed-interval (FI) schedule of stimulus termination and a second-order schedule of IV drug self-administration. Intermediate doses of GBR 12909 increased FI response rate markedly, and the highest dose decreased response rate below control values. The 5HT uptake inhibitors, alaproclate and fluoxetine, and the 5HT agonist, quipazine, attenuated the behavioral-stimulant effects of GBR 12909, whereas the 5HT2A/2C antagonist, ritanserin, enhanced the behavioral-stimulant effects of the lowest dose. GBR 12909 reliably maintained self-administration, and ritanserin increased response rate maintained by the highest dose. The dopamine agonist, quinpirole, increased FI response rate in only one of three subjects, and ritanserin enhanced the behavioral-stimulant effects of quinpirole in that subject. The dopamine agonist, apomorphine, only decreased FI response rate, and ritanserin did not alter its behavioral effects. The pharmacological profile of GBR 12909 administered alone and in combination with selective 5HT drugs in the present study was similar to that obtained previously with cocaine, further demonstrating that 5HT can reliably modulate the behavioral effects of psychomotor stimulants with prominent dopaminergic actions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050263
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contributions of regularly and irregularly discharging vestibular-nerve inputs to the discharge of central vestibular neurons in the alert squirrel monkey (1997)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 114 (1997), S. 405-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Central vestibular neurons ; Vestibular-nerve inputs ; Commissural pathways ; Functional ablation ; Galvanic currents ; Squirrel monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The discharge of neurons in the vestibular nuclei was recorded in alert squirrel monkeys while they were being sinusoidally rotated at 2 Hz. Type I position-vestibular-pause (PVP I) and vestibular-only (V I) neurons, as well as a smaller number of other type I and type II eye-plus-vestibular neurons were studied. Many of the neurons were monosynaptically related to the ipsilateral vestibular nerve. Eye-position and vestibular components of the rotation response were separated by multiple regression. Anodal currents, simultaneously delivered to both ears, were used to eliminate the head-rotation signals of irregularly discharging (I) vestibular-nerve afferents, presumably without affecting the corresponding signals of regularly discharging (R) afferents. R and I inputs to individual central neurons were determined by comparing rotation responses with and without the anodal currents. The bilateral currents, while reducing the background discharge of all types of neurons, did not affect the mean vestibular gain or phase calculated from a population of PVP I neurons or from a mixed population consisting of all type I units. From this result, it is concluded that I inputs are canceled at the level of secondary neurons. The cancellation may explain why the ablating currents do not affect the gain and phase of the vestibulo-ocular reflex. While cancellation was nearly perfect on a population basis, it was less so in individual neurons. For some neurons, the ablating currents decreased vestibular gain, while for other neurons the vestibular gain was increased. The former neurons are interpreted as receiving a net excitatory (I-EXC) I input, the latter neurons, a net inhibitory (I-INH) input. When compared with the corresponding R inputs, the I inputs were usually small and phase advanced. Phase advances were larger for I-EXC than for I-INH inputs. The sign and magnitude of the I inputs were unrelated to other discharge properties of individual neurons, including discharge regularity and the phase of vestibular responses measured in the absence of the ablating currents. Unilateral currents were used to assess the efficacy of ipsilateral and contralateral pathways. Ipsilateral pathways were responsible for almost all of the effects seen with bilateral currents. The results suggest that the vestibular signals carried by central neurons, even by those neurons receiving a monosynaptic vestibular-nerve input, are modified by polysynaptic pathways.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005650
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serotonergic modulation of the discriminative-stimulus effects of cocaine in squirrel monkeys (1997)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 132 (1997), S. 27-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Cocaine ; Serotonin ; Drug discrimination ; Squirrel monkey ; Quipazine ; Fluoxetine ; Ketanserin ; Ritanserin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  In order to investigate the potential modulatory role of serotonin on the discriminative-stimulus effects of cocaine, two groups of squirrel monkeys were trained to discriminate 0.3 mg/kg or 1.0 mg/kg cocaine and saline under a two-lever drug-discrimination procedure. Substitution of a range of cocaine doses (0.03–1.7 mg/kg) occasioned orderly, dose-dependent increases in cocaine-lever responding. When administered alone, the non-selective serotonin direct agonist, quipa- zine, also occasioned increases in cocaine-lever responding which were more pronounced in subjects trained with the lower cocaine dose. When quipazine was administered in combination with cocaine, there was an increase in cocaine-lever responding, indicating an additive effect. The serotonin uptake inhibitor, fluoxetine, occasioned saline-lever responding when administered alone. However, in combination with cocaine, fluoxetine enhanced the discriminative effects of cocaine in subjects trained at the lower cocaine dose. The 5-HT2-selective antagonists, ketanserin and ritanserin, did not occasion cocaine-lever responding when administered alone. In combination with cocaine, ketanserin attenuated the discriminative effects of cocaine in most subjects, and ritanserin attenuated the discriminative effects of cocaine in subjects trained at the higher dose. These results indicate that the discriminative-stimulus effects of cocaine may be increased by direct- and indirect-acting serotonin agonists and attenuated by serotonin antagonists in squirrel monkeys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050316
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurophysiological correlates of brightness discrimination in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the squirrel monkey (1966)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 2 (1966), S. 1-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Brightness discrimination ; Lateral geniculate ; Squirrel monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Incremental brightness thresholds (DI) were psychophysically determined at several background illumination intensities for three squirrel monkeys. Gross asymmetrical electrodes were then chronically implanted in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the same animals, and activity was recorded in stimulus conditions identical to behavioral testing. Overall activity, recorded through an integrating voltmeter, showed 1. a tendency to decrease as steady background illumination increased, and 2. an abrupt transient increase at both onset and offset to DI test flashes, directly proportional to test flash intensity. Background illumination, in proportion to its intensity, depressed response to a superimposed test flash. Test flashes below intensity DI at the various levels of background illumination produced no measurable response. The quantity DI was shown to be a function of the depressive or inhibitory effect of background illumination on the capacity of the system to respond to transient stimulation. A secondary determinant of DI appeared to be the amount of variability in ongoing neural activity upon which the DI flash is imposed. The author is indebted to the supervisor of her dissertation, Dr. L. R. Pinneo, for introducing her to the recording technique and for his help towards the completion of this work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234357
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histochemical mapping of succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase in the spinal cord, medulla oblongata and cerebellum of squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) (1966)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 2 (1966), S. 216-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Squirrel monkey ; Brain stem-Histochemical mapping ; Succinic dehydrogenase ; Cytochrome oxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of succinic dehydrogenase (SDA) and cytochrome oxidase (Cy. O) in serial sections of the cervical region of the spinal cord and the medulla oblongata, arranged caudo-cranially, has been described. The motor cranial nerve nuclei exhibit strong SDA and Cy. O activity in the neurons and neuropil. The nuclei gracilis, cuneatus, olivaris inferior, cochlearis and vestibularis likewise show strong enzyme activity. Nucleus intercalatus and nucleus tractus solitarius, however, show weak and moderate enzyme activity respectively. The lateral part of formatio reticularis myelencephali shows less SDA and Cy. O compared to the medial part, which shows some accumulation of these enzymes in the neuropil. The neuropil of the molecular layer of cerebellar cortex and the perikarya and dendrites of the Purkinje cells show strong SDA and Cy. O activity. The granular layer exhibits stronger SDA and Cy. O in the synaptic glomeruli. The cerebellar nuclei possess stronger enzyme activity in the neurons and dendritic branches, compared to mild activity in the neuropil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236714
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histochemical mapping of succinic dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase in the pons and mesencephalon of squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) (1966)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 2 (1966), S. 230-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Squirrel monkey ; Midbrain ; Histochemical mapping ; Succinic dehydrogenase ; Cytochrome oxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The distribution of succinic dehydrogenase (SDA) and cytochrome oxidase (Cy. O) has been investigated in a series of sections through the pons and mesencephalon of the squirrel monkey brain. The localization of the two enzymes is very similar in the various regions and shows only slight differences. The epiphysis, however, shows moderately strong SDA and very mild Cy. O activity. Particularly strong SDA and Cy. O activity has been observed in the cell bodies of the various cranial nerve nuclei, nucleus colliculi inferioris, colliculi superioris, nuclei griseum pontis, reticularis tegmenti pontis, lemnisci lateralis pars dorsalis, geniculatum laterale and mediale, and pulvinaris. The enzyme content of the neurons and cell bodies is generally stronger compared to the neuropil which often occurs in smooth, loose, compact and reticulated forms. Any special relationship between the neurons and neuropil with regard to their enzyme content has, however, not been observed. The cranial nerves, and fibers of the brachium conjunctivum, corpus callosum, and fornix show very mild enzyme activity except those of the trapezoid complex which show moderate enzyme activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236715
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