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  • 1990-1994  (8)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1955-1959  (4)
  • 1945-1949
  • 1870-1879
  • 1993  (8)
  • 1955  (4)
  • 1876
  • 1872
  • gene transfer
Datenquelle
Materialart
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 1990-1994  (8)
  • 1985-1989
  • 1955-1959  (4)
  • 1945-1949
  • 1870-1879
Jahr
Schlagwörter
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Accumulation of type I fish antifreeze protein in transgenic tobacco is cold-specific (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 23 (1993), S. 377-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): antifreeze proteins ; gene transfer ; preproprotein processing ; α-helix stability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Expression of fish antifreeze protein (AFP) genes in plants is a possible means of increasing their frost resistance and freeze tolerance. Initial work involved transfer into tobacco of an AFP gene from winter flounder which codes for the alanine-rich, α-helical Type I AFP. Plants were transformed with a gene construct in which the preproAFP cDNA was inserted between the cauliflower mosaic virus 19S RNA promoter and the nopaline synthetase polyadenylation site. Although transgenic plants produced AFP mRNA, no AFP was detected on western blots. Re-evaluation of AFP expression in these transgenic plants showed that AFP accumulated to detectable levels only after exposure of the plant to cold. Extracts of plants incubated at 4°C for 24 h contained a protein which co-migrated with winter flounder proAFP and was cross-reactive to Type I AFP antisera. Two other minor protein bands of slightly higher apparent M r also cross-reacted with the antisera and are thought to represent processing intermediates. The proAFP was unique to the transgenic plants and was absent in extracts taken prior to cold exposure. AFP levels increased over the first 48 h of cold incubation then remained stable. Since the α-helix content of Type I AFP has been shown to decrease markedly at warmer temperatures, we postulate that Type I AFP stability in transgenic plants is dependent on its secondary structure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029012
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Highly efficient transfer and stable integration of foreign DNA into partially digested rice cells using a pulsed electrophoretic drive (1993)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 2 (1993), S. 245-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Schlagwort(e): rice ; small cell groups ; electrophoresis ; gene transfer ; stable integration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A new method has been developed to introduce foreign DNA into rice cells. Gene delivery occurred when an electrophoretic drive with cycles of intervallic electric field was applied to a mixture containing partially digested small cell groups (SCGs) and plasmid DNAs. Gene transfer efficiency was evaluated by the detection of β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity resulting from expression of a chimaeric plasmid DNA. The optimal combination of treatment conditions (3 V/cm, 30 s pulse and 30 min electrophoretic run) produced a frequency of up to 8.2% of blue cells in transformed microcalluses 40 days after culture of treated SCGs without selection for kanamycin resistance. Southern hybridization showed that the foreign gene had integrated into the chromosomal DNA. These results demonstrate that pulsed electrophoretic drive is applicable to the transfer of foreign genes into plant cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01968837
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Transgenesis in chickens (1993)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 2 (1993), S. 125-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Schlagwort(e): chicken embryo ; gene transfer ; retroviral vector ; cloned DNA
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The application of transgenic technology to domestic poultry offers an alternative means to conventional practice for improvement of this highly productive agricultural species. The hen's reproductive system has unique characteristics which have imposed limitations on the use of established methods for artificial gene transfer. In this article, we review the various strategies that have been adopted to overcome the problem. Target sites for gene insertion include the fertilized ovum, the blastodermal embryo in the unincubated egg, and the primordial germ cells. Notable success in obtaining somatic and germline transformation has been achieved with the use of retroviral vectors to infect the blastodermal embryo. Current attempts to introduce DNA directly into the genome, without resort to pathogen-derived vectors, are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01972605
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Development of an airgun device for particle bombardment (1993)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 33 (1993), S. 247-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Schlagwort(e): gene transfer ; GUS gene-marker ; particle acceleration ; transient expression
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Construction and operation of an airgun device for transient gene-expression studies in monocots is described. Compressed air in a cylinder of an airgun was used as the source of propulsion for DNA-coated gold or tungsten particles. Under a partial vacuum of 700 mm Hg, velocity of the macrocarrier was measured at 520 m sec−1 and 432 m sec−1 at atmospheric pressure. Optimum distance from the stopping plate to different target cells during bombardment ranged from 4 to 7 cm. Mean transformation efficiency of the GUS-gene marker was estimated at 350 transformants per 65 mg fresh weight of the maize cultured cells. Up to 200 GUS transformed cells were detected per 100 mg of embryogenic rice callus. Use of gold flakes or tungsten powder as microcarriers resulted in similar transformation rates. No transformation was observed in any cells when DNA constructs contained prokaryotic translation initiation sequences for the GUS gene. Based on transient GUS assays, further modification of the airgun device will likely be necessary to obtain high stable transformation rates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02319008
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Herpesvirus-mediated gene delivery into the rat brain: specificity and efficiency of the neuron-specific enolase promoter (1993)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 13 (1993), S. 503-515 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Schlagwort(e): herpesvirus vector ; gene transfer ; neuron-specific enolase (NSE) promoter ; lacZ, stereotactic delivery ; rat CNS
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary 1. Herpesvirus infection with genetically engineered vectors is a way to deliver foreign gene products to various cell populations in culture andin vivo. Selective neuronal gene expression can be achieved using the neuron-specific enolase (NSE) promoter regulating expression of a transgene placed in and delivered by a herpesvirus vector. 2. We sought to determine the anatomical specificity and efficiency of herpesvirus-mediated gene transfer into the rat brain following placement of virus particles carrying a transgene (lacZ) under control of the NSE promoter. The virus utilized was thymidine kinase (TK) deficient and therefore replication deficient in the brain. 3. Infusion of 106 plaque-forming units of virus into the striatum caused a limited number of striatal neurons to express thelacZ transgene mRNA and protein product 7 days postinfection. In addition, small numbers of neurons expressing the transgene mRNA and protein were found ipsilateral to the viral injection in the frontal cortex, substantia nigra pars compacta, and thalamus. Neurons at these anatomic loci project directly to the striatal injection site. No other cells within the brains of injected animals expressed thelacZ gene. 4. While this herpesvirus NSE vector was capable of introducing novel functional genetic information into postmitotic neurons within defined neuroanatomic constraints, the numbers of neurons expressing detectable levels ofβ-galactosidase was minimal. The calculated efficiency of delivery and transgene expression at 7 days postinfection was 1 transgenic neuron per 104 virus particles infused. 5. We conclude that NSE probably is not an optimal promoter for use in gene delivery to CNS neurons in herpesvirus vectors and that the efficacy of gene delivery using other neuron-specific promoters placed at various sites in the herpes viral genome needs to be explored.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00711459
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gene transfer by protoplast fusion: Expression cloning of rare gene products in mammalian cells (1993)
    Springer
    Methods in cell science 15 (1993), S. 69-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0603
    Schlagwort(e): protoplast fusion ; gene transfer ; alkaline phosphatase ; expression cloning
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Summary A method is described that facilitates performing a large number of protoplast fusions to mammalian cells simultaneously and successfully. This method makes it possible to circumvent typical hurdles to the use of transient expression in mammalian cells, facilitating expression cloning of DNA enoding the newly detected gene product of interest. The original in vitro assay used to define the new activity is of interest, adapted to microtiter plates, combined with protoplast fusion, extends the reach of expression cloning to such cases as products of a rare message, or activities involving a multisubunit or unstable protein or both.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01667364
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Potential for wild species in cool season food legume breeding (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 73 (1993), S. 109-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): wild-germplasm ; interspecific-hybridization ; gene pools ; introgression ; gene transfer
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Wild species which are crossable to cultivated pea, lentil, and chickpea have been collected and are maintained in major germplasm collections throughout the world. Wild species of Vicia crossable to the cultivated faba bean have not been found. The primary, secondary, and tertiary gene pools of the cool season food legumes represent potential genetic diversity that may eventually be exploited in cultivated types to overcome biotic and abiotic stresses. Technical difficulties in obtaining hybrids beyond those within the primary gene pool is a major obstacle. Reproductive isolation, embryo breakdown, hybrid sterility, and limited genetic recombination are major barriers to greater use of wild germplasm. Conventional crossing has been successful in producing interspecific hybrids in Lens, Cicer and Pisum and those hybrids are being evaluated for desired recombinants. In vitro culture of hybrid embryos has been successful in overcoming barriers to wider crosses in Lens. The successful transfer of genes from wide sources to cultivated types can be assisted by repeated backcrossing and selection designed to leave behind undesired traits while transferring genes of interest. Molecular marker assisted selection may become a valuable tool in the future use of wild species. In general, too little is known about the possible genetic variation available in wild species that could be valuable in developing resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Current efforts on the use of wide hybridization in the cool season food legumes are reviewed and discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027187
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The potential of gene technology and genome analysis for cool season food legume crops: theory and practice (1993)
    Springer
    Euphytica 73 (1993), S. 177-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): gene cloning ; gene transfer ; virus and insect resistance ; genome analysis ; DNA figerprinting
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The potential of plant gene technology encompasses a multitude of different techniques ranging from the isolation of useful genes, their characterization and in vitro manipulation to the reintroduction of the modified constructs into target plants, where they are expressed at a rate that alters the phenotype of the plants. Genome analysis, on the other hand, aims at characterizing the genome architecture and function(s). Plant gene technology has catalyzed progress in plant breeding, as will be exemplified by a few examples, but has not yet been applied to food legume improvement on a large scale. Genome analysis, however, has a series of practical implications, as is illustrated by the successful introduction of DNA fingerprint and PCR fingerprint techniques to chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) breeding and Ascochyta rabiei pathotyping. The present overview addresses both areas of plant molecular biology to illustrate their potential for food legume breeding.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027193
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Shoot apical meristems as a target for gene transfer by microballistics (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 45-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): meristem ; shoot apex ; ballistic microtargeting ; gene transfer ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The classical approach of gene transfer to a given plant species delivers the foreign gene to transformable cells and then puts the effort into generating plants. This approach is very difficult in many important crop plants, including cereals, and the results of regeneration are very genotype-dependent. In contrast, we use regenerable cells and try to transform them. Shoot apical meristems provide a tissue which regenerates in situ a fertile plant for most given genotypes or species. Transformation of meristem cells may lead to transgenic sectors in chimeras. These sectors may contribute to the gametes and, thus, to transgenic offspring, which then should be homohistonts and not sectorial chimeras like their parents. Our model plant for these studies is wheat. Microtargeting is a ballistic approach which is particularly suitable for the controlled delivery of microprojectiles to meristem cells in situ (Sautter et al., 1991). We summarize in this paper our experience with ballistic microtargeting of transgenes to wheat shoot apical meristem cells in situ.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023929
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Transgenic barley by particle bombardment. Inheritance of the transferred gene and characteristics of transgenic barley plants (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 81-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): gene transfer ; Hordeum vulgare ; neomycin phosphotransferase II ; particle bombardment ; transgenic barley
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Transgenic barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Kymppi) were obtained by particle bombardment of various tissues. Immature embryos and microspore-derived cultures were bombarded with gold particles coated with plasmid DNA carrying the gene coding for neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII), together with plasmid DNA containing the gene for β-glucuronidase (GUS). Bombarded immature embryos were grown to plants without selection and NPTII activity was screened in small plantlets. One plant proved to be transgenic (T0). This chimeric plant passed the transferred nptII gene to its T1 progeny. The presence of the nptII gene was demonstrated by the PCR technique and enzyme activity was analyzed by an NPTII gel assay. Four T0 spikes and 15 T1 offspring were transgenic. The integration and inheritance was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization. Transgenic T2 and T3 plants were produced by isolating embryos from green grains of transgenic T1 and T2 plants, respectively and growing them to plants. After selfing, the ratio of transgenic to non-transgenic T2 offspring was shown to follow the rule of Mendelian inheritance. The general performance of transgenic plants was normal and no reduction in fertility was observed. Microspore-derived cultures were bombarded one and four weeks after microspore isolation. After bombardment, cultures were grown either with or without antibiotic selection (geneticin R or kanamycin). When cultures were grown without selection and regenerated plants were transferred to kanamycin selection in rooting phase, one out of a total of about 1500 plants survived. This plant both carried and expressed the transferred nptII gene. The integration was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization. This plant was not fertile.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023933
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The sulphur-rich Brazil nut 2S albumin is specifically formed in transgenic seeds of the grain legume Vicia narbonensis (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 181-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Vicia narbonensis ; gene transfer ; gene expression ; seeds ; 2S albumin ; methionine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Epicotyl explants were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA101 to transfer a chimeric 2S albumin gene construct carried in the binary Ti plasmid vectors pGSGLUC1 or pGA472 into the grain legume Vicia narbonensis. This gene encoding the sulphur-rich Brazil nut albumin was under the control of either the CaMV 35S promoter which permits gene expression in all organs, or the Vicia faba legumin B4 promoter which elicits seed-specific gene expression. After callus formation and selection for kanamycin resistance, somatic embryos were induced which, in the case of transformation with the vector pGSGLUC1, were screened for GUS activity. Embryos that produced GUS were in addition analysed for 2S albumin formation. Selected transgenic embryos were cloned by multiple shoot regeneration. Rooted and fertile plants were obtained by grafting transgenic shoots on the appropriate seedlings. R1 and R2 generations were raised and analysed for GUS as well as 2S albumin gene expression. Expression of the 35S promoter/2S albumin gene fusion took place in all organs of the transgenic plants including the cotyledons of seeds, whereas seed-specific gene expression was found in transformants with the legumin promoter/2S albumin gene fusion. The 2S albumin accumulated in the 2S protein fraction of transgenic seeds and its primary translation product was processed into the 9 and 3 kDa polypeptide chains. The foreign protein was localised in the protein bodies of the grain legume. Analysis of the R2 plants indicated Mendelian inheritance of the 2S albumin gene. In homozygous V. narbonensis plants the amounts of 2S albumin were twice that present in the corresponding heterozygous plants. Whereas only low level formation of the foreign protein was achieved if the gene was under the control of the 35S promoter, approximately 3.0% of the soluble seed protein was 2S albumin if seed-specific gene expression was directed by the legumin B4 promoter. Some of these transformants exhibited a three-fold increase in the methionine content of the salt-soluble protein fraction extracted from seeds.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023947
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Strategies for variety-independent genetic transformation of important cereals, legumes and woody species utilizing particle bombardment (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 13-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): gene transfer ; crop species ; particle bombardment ; transgenic plants ; cereals ; legumes ; woody plants
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary The limiting component in the creation of transgenic crops has been the lack of effective means to introduce foreign genes into elite germplasm. However, the development of novel direct DNA transfer methodology, by-passing limitations imposed by Agrobacterium-host specificity and cell culture constraints, has allowed the engineering of almost all major crops, including formerly recalcitrant cereals, legumes and woody species. The creation of transgenic rice, wheat, maize, barley, oat, soybean, phaseolus, peanut, poplar, spruce, cotton and others, in an efficient and in some cases, variety-independent fashion, is a significant step towards the routine application of recombinant DNA methodology to the improvement of most important agronomic crops. In this review we will focus on key elements and advantages of particle bombardment technology in order to evaluate its impact on the accelerated commercialization of products based on agricultural biotechnology and its utility in studying basic plant developmental processes and function through transgenesis. Fundamental differences between conventional gene transfer methods, utilizing Agrobacterium vectors or protoplast/suspension cultures, and particle bombardment will be discussed in depth.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023926
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