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  • 2010-2014
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  • 1995-1999  (3)
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  • 1870-1879
  • 2006  (2)
  • 1995  (3)
  • 1906
  • bioremediation
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Anaerobic Bioremediation of Groundwater Containing a Mixture of 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane and Chloroethenes (2006)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 17 (2006), S. 193-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Schlagwort(e): bioremediation ; Dehalococcoides ; dechlorination ; microcosm ; tetrachloroethane ; trichloroethene
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract This study investigated the biotransformation pathways of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (1,1,2,2-TeCA) in the presence of chloroethenes (i.e. tetrachloroethene, PCE; trichloroethene, TCE) in anaerobic microcosms constructed with subsurface soil and groundwater from a contaminated site. When amended with yeast extract, lactate, butyrate, or H2 and acetate, 1,1,2,2-TeCA was initially dechlorinated via both hydrogenolysis to 1,1,2-trichloroethane (1,1,2-TCA) (major pathway) and dichloroelimination to dichloroethenes (DCEs) (minor pathway), with both reactions occurring under sulfidogenic conditions. In the presence of only H2, the hydrogenolysis of 1,1,2,2-TeCA to 1,1,2-TCA apparently required the presence of acetate to occur. Once formed, 1,1,2-TCA was degraded predominantly via dichloroelimination to vinyl chloride (VC). Ultimately, chloroethanes were converted to chloroethenes (mainly VC and DCEs) which persisted in the microcosms for very long periods along with PCE and TCE originally present in the groundwater. Hydrogenolysis of chloroethenes occurred only after highly reducing methanogenic conditions were established. However, substantial conversion to ethene (ETH) was observed only in microcosms amended with yeast extract (200 mg/l), suggesting that groundwater lacked some nutritional factors which were likely provided to dechlorinating microorganisms by this complex organic substrate. Bioaugmentation with an H2-utilizing PCE-dechlorinating Dehalococcoides spp. -containing culture resulted in the conversion of 1,1,2,2-TeCA, PCE and TCE to ETH and VC. No chloroethanes accumulated during degradation suggesting that 1,1,2,2-TeCA was degraded through initial dichloroelimination into DCEs and then typical hydrogenolysis into ETH and VC.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10532-005-4218-7
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bioremediation by Composting of Heavy Oil Refinery Sludge in Semiarid Conditions (2006)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 17 (2006), S. 251-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Schlagwort(e): bioremediation ; composting ; ecotoxicity ; oil sludge
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The present work attempts to ascertain the efficacy of low cost technology (in our case, composting) as a bioremediation technique for reducing the hydrocarbon content of oil refinery sludge with a large total hydrocarbon content (250–300 g kg−1), in semiarid conditions. The oil sludge was produced in a refinery sited in SE Spain The composting system designed, which involved open air piles turned periodically over a period of 3 months, proved to be inexpensive and reliable. The influence on hydrocarbon biodegradation of adding a bulking agent (wood shavings) and inoculation of the composting piles with pig slurry (a liquid organic fertiliser which adds nutrients and microbial biomass to the pile) was also studied. The most difficult part during the composting process was maintaining a suitable level of humidity in the piles. The most effective treatment was the one in which the bulking agent was added, where the initial hydrocarbon content was reduced by 60% in 3 months, compared with the 32% reduction achieved without the bulking agent. The introduction of the organic fertiliser did not significantly improve the degree of hydrocarbon degradation (56% hydrocarbon degraded). The composting process undoubtedly led to the biodegradation of toxic compounds, as was demonstrated by ecotoxicity tests using luminescent bacteria and tests on plants in Petri dishes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10532-005-5020-2
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Enhanced biodegradation of aromatic pollutants in cocultures of anaerobic and aerobic bacterial consortia (1995)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 67 (1995), S. 47-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Schlagwort(e): xenobiotics ; chloroaromatics ; nitroaromatics ; azo dyes ; aromatic amines ; recalcitrance ; bioremediation ; sequential-degradation ; synchronous-degradation ; mineralization ; polymerization ; oxygen tolerance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Toxic aromatic pollutants, concentrated in industrial wastes and contaminated sites, can potentially be eliminated by low cost bioremediation systems. Most commonly, the goal of these treatment systems is directed at providing optimum environmental conditions for the mineralization of the pollutants by naturally occurring microflora. Electrophilic aromatic pollutants with multiple chloro, nitro and azo groups have proven to be persistent to biodegradation by aerobic bacteria. These compounds are readily reduced by anaerobic consortia to lower chlorinated aromatics or aromatic amines but are not mineralized further. The reduction increases the susceptibility of the aromatic molecule for oxygenolytic attack. Sequencing anaerobic and aerobic biotreatment steps provide enhanced mineralization of many electrophilic aromatic pollutants. The combined activity of anaerobic and aerobic bacteria can also be obtained in a single treatment step if the bacteria are immobilized in particulate matrices (e.g. biofilm, soil aggregate, etc.). Due to the rapid uptake of oxygen by aerobes and facultative bacteria compared to the slow diffusion of oxygen, oxygen penetration into active biofilms seldom exceeds several hundred micrometers. The anaerobic microniches established inside the biofilms can be applied to the reduction of electron withdrawing functional groups in order to prepare recalcitrant aromatic compounds for further mineralization in the aerobic outer layer of the biofilm. Aside from mineralization, polyhydroxylated and chlorinated phenols as well as nitroaromatics and aromatic amines are susceptible to polymerization in aerobic environments. Consequently, an alternative approach for bioremediation systems can be directed towards incorporating these aromatic pollutants into detoxified humic-like substances. The activation of aromatic pollutants for polymerization can potentially be encouraged by an anaerobic pretreatment step prior to oxidation. Anaerobic bacteria can modify aromatic pollutants by demethylating methoxy groups and reducing nitro groups. The resulting phenols and aromatic amines are readily polymerized in a subsequent aerobic step.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00872195
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The microbial degradation of chlorophenolic preservatives in spent, pressure-treated timber (1995)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 6 (1995), S. 47-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Schlagwort(e): bioremediation ; pentachlorophenol ; pressure-treated timber ; Phanerochaete chrysosporium ; Flavobacterium ; Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The reduction of pentachlorophenol in treated timber, after inoculation with pentachlorophenol-degrading bacterial species,Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus andFlavobacterium sp., and the white-rot fungusPhanerochaete chrysosporium, was monitored in solid substrate systems and in liquid culture suspensions. In solid substrate systems there was no significant pentachlorophenol degradation by the bacterial species under a variety of conditions. Under similar conditions,Phanerochaete chrysosporium transformed over 80% of the starting concentration of 500 ppm to pentachloroanisole. In liquid culture suspensions however, mid-exponential phaseFlavobacterium sp. cells were able to degrade over 99% of the pentachlorophenol in sawdust and wood chips due to the extraction of PCP from the timber as a water soluble salt. There were however no significant changes in the chlorinated dioxin components during this treatment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00702298
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biological cyanide destruction mediated by microorganisms (1995)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 11 (1995), S. 257-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Schlagwort(e): Biodegradation ; bioremediation ; cyanide, microorganisms ; toxic wastes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract Many microorganisms have an inherent capacity to degrade the toxic organic compounds that enter the environment as a result of pollution and natural activities. Significant degradation of these compounds may take many years and it is frequently necessary to consider methods that can accelerate this process. There have been several demonstrations of enhanced biological degradation of toxic wastes, both in the laboratory and under field conditions. The prospects for enhanced biological cyanide degradation are reviewed. Compared with bench-scale processes, there are very few reports of field-scale processes for cyanide bioremediation. The implementation of such field-scale degradation requires inputs from biology, hydrology, geology, chemistry and civil engineering. A conceptual framework is emerging that can be adapted to develop new processes for bioremediation of toxic organic wastes. In terms of cyanide biodegradation, this framework incorporates identification of microbes, determination of the optimal conditions for degradation, establishment of the metabolic pathways involved in cyanide degradation, identification and localization of the genes involved, identification of suitable microbial strains for practical application and development of practical engineering processes. The present review addresses the progress that has been made in each of these aspects of cyanide biodegradation. It also examines the existing field applications of biological cyanide degradation and makes recommendations for future research.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00367095
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