Library

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • 1985-1989  (6)
  • 1955-1959  (4)
  • 1860-1869
  • 1987  (6)
  • 1955  (4)
  • protoplasts
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Potato research 30 (1987), S. 371-380 
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: dihaploids ; protoclones ; protoplasts ; Solanum tuberosum ; somaclonal variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Verwendung dihaploider Kartoffelklone (2n=2x=24) in Züchtungsprogrammen, vor allem die Rückkehr zum tetraploiden Grad, wird sehr oft durch deren fehlende Fertilität verhindert. Dieses Problem dürfte am elegantesten durch somatische Fusion der Dihaploiden überwunden werden. Als Ergebnis einer solchen Prozedur würden sich, ausser der Paarung beider Ploidiestufen, die Addition qualitativer und quantitativer Merkmale ergeben. Grösstes Hindernis für die Anwendung der Protoplastenfusion ist das Fehlen eines brauchbaren Selektionssystems für die Separierung von homo- und heterokaryotischen Fusionsprodukten. In der hier beschriebenen Methode wurde der sehr kräftige Wuchs einiger Kalli für die Vorselektion einiger vermuteter Hybriden verwendet. Nach Anwendung der Polyethylenglykol-Fusions-methode (PEG, Tabelle 1) konnten von fünf selektierten dihaploiden Klonen (P1–P5) grosse Zahlen von Kalli und Pflanzen regeneriert werden, obwohl die PEG-Behandlung einen negativen Einfluss auf die Regenerationsrate hatte (Tabelle 2). Insgesamt wurden nach PEG-Behandlung 115 Kalli als vermutliche Hybriden, ihrer extremen Wuchsleistung entsprechend, selektiert. Tabelle 3 vergleicht die Ploidiestufen dieser selektierten Klone mit der von unbehandelten Elternklonen. Wegen der somaklonalen Variation wurden auch von nicht fusionierten Protoplasten viele tetraploide Klone gefunden. Ihre Zahl war allerdings signifikant kleiner, und unter den nicht PEG-behandelten Protoplasten waren immer einige diploide vorhanden. Die Tabellen 4 und 5 zeigen die Merkmale von 9 und 10 selektierten Klonen (Hy 1–10) in vitro und in vivo für Sprosslänge, Zahl der Nodien, Blattfläche, Blattform, Zahl der Wurzeln und allgemeiner Wachstumsleistung. In allen Fällen waren die gemessenen Parameter bei den selektierten Klonen signifikant grösser als bei den Kontrollen. Folglich kann das stärkere Wachstum der selektierten Klone nicht nur mit somaklonaler Variation erklärt werden. Es ist ein starkes Indiz für die Hybridnatur. Das Isoenzym-Muster der Esterasen unterstreicht diese Schlussfolgerung. Den Ergebnissen zufolge ist es möglich, somatische Hybriden anhand ihrer hybriden Vitalität vorzuselektieren. Dies sollte die Möglichkeit zur Entdeckung somatischer Hybriden in ausreichender Häufigkeit für praktische Züchtungsprogramme erhöhen.
    Abstract: Résumé L'utilisation de clônes dihaploïdes (2n=2x=24) dans les programmes d'hybridation, et particulièrement le retour au niveau tétraploïde, est entravée par leur manque de fertilité. Ce problème pourrait être maitrisé élégamment par la fusion somatique de dihaploïdes. D'un tel procédé résulterait de plus l'héritage de caractères qualitatifs et quantitatifs apportés par le doublement de ploïdie. Le principal obstacle pour utiliser la fusion de protoplastes est l'absence d'un système de sélection approprié pour la séparation des homo et hétérokaryotes produits par la fusion. Par la méthode décrite dans cet article la grande vigueur de croissance de quelques cals a été mise à profit pour la présélection des présumés hybrides. Après l'adaptation du procédé de fusion au polyéthylène-glycol (PEG, tableau 1) sur cinq clônes dihaploïdes sélectionnés (P1–P5) un grand nombre de cals et de plantes pourrait être régénéré, bien que le traitement PEG ait une influence négative sur le taux de régénération (tableau 2). Au total 115 cals étaient sélectionnés après le traitement comme de présumés hybrides, en raison de leur extrème vigueur. Le tableau 3 compare les niveaux de ploïdie de ces clônes sélectionnés avec ceux des parents non traités. La variation somatique de protoplastes non fusionnés est également trouvée dans de nombreaux clônes tétraploïdes, leur nombre est cependant significativement plus petit, et parmi les protoclônes régénérés de protoplastes non traités quelques diploïdes sont toujours présents. Les tableaux 4 et 5 montrent les caractéristiques de 9 et 10 clônes sélectionnés (Hy 1–10) in vitro et in vivo, respectivement pour la longueur de pouses, le nombre de noeuds, la surface et la forme des feuilles, le nombre de racines et la vigueur générale. Dans tous les cas, les paramètres mesurés ont des valeurs significativement plus élevées dans les clônes sélectionnés que dans les témoins. En conséquence, leur vigoureuse croissance ne peut être expliquée seulement par la variation somatique mais elle constitue une indication sur la vigueur hybride. L'analyse des estérases souligne cette conclusion (figure 1). Ces résultats montrent qu'il est possible de présélectionner des hybrides somatiques par leur vigueur, ce qui augmente les possibilités de les détecter en quantité suffisante dans les programmes d'hybridation.
    Notes: Summary Tetraploid potato plants were regenerated after polyethylene-glycol-induced protoplast fusion between dihaploids. Hybrid vigour of the regenerated calli was used for preselection of fusion products. Nearly all the selected vigorous clones possessed chromosome counts at the tetraploid level. Fusion products were compared to the parental material to auto-fused plants of and to three protoclones expressing different degrees of somaclonal variation. The selected clones, where grown in vitro in growth rooms and in pots in the glasshouse, showed increased vigour compared to their parents, to auto-fused and to 4x protoclones. Plants of clones from very vigorous calli, when assessed by height, the number of nodes per plant, leaf morphology and tuber production, showed hybrid vigour. The hypothesis that superior clones result from heterokaryons after protoplast fusion or that they arise from other in vitro events such as somaclonal variation is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Humulus lupulus ; micro-calli ; protoplasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A cell-wall digestion medium has been devised to isolate protoplasts from suspension cultures of Humulus lupulus. Conditions have been developed for colony formation from protoplasts and the plating efficiency determined in three types of agar and by two culture methods. Viable calli were produced only when protoplasts embedded in Seaplaque agarose were incubated in a defined liquid medium. HPLC analysis showed that none of the isolated colonies accumulated α-acids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 8 (1987), S. 225-233 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Brassica napus ; thin cell layer ; protoplasts ; plant regeneration ; rapeseed ; organogenesis ; callus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cell layer strips composed of the epidermis and 7–9 layers of subepidermal cells were isolated from the 3–4 terminal internodes of Brassica napus cv Westar plants at the early flowering stage. The strips were precultured for one day in modified liquid MS [11] medium and subsequently incubated for 17–18 h in a 0.4 M mannitol solution containing 1% Macerozyme and 1% Cellulase ‘Onozuka’ R-10. Protoplast yield was 2–2.8×106 per 1.0g of tissue. Protoplasts were cultured at 1×105/ml in three different media: S1 [13], B [12] and L[8]. The first cell divisions occurred after 2–8 days of culture at frequencies of 20–54%. The highest growth rate of colonies was obtained in L medium containing 0.4 M sucrose and 2% Ficoll. After 4 weeks, green calli, 1–2 mm in diameter were transferred onto B5 [2] medium with 3 mgl-1 zeatin, 1% sucrose, 0.1 M mannitol and 0.5% agarose for shoot regeneration. Up to 20% of the calli regenerated shoots which subsequently were rooted and established in soil in the greenhouse.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 10 (1987), S. 187-196 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: protoplasts ; Azolla ; Sporophytes ; ferns ; Cellulysin ; Pectolyase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have developed a method for producing protoplasts from the heterosporous water fern Azolla using a combination of Cellulysin (4.0%) and Pectolyase (0.025%) in 0.6 M mannitol containing 6 mM CaCl2 2H2O. These protoplasts regenerate new cell walls within 48 hours when cultured on modified Gamborg B-5 medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 11 (1987), S. 179-188 
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Solanum melongena ; protoplasts ; lamina ; petioles ; stems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Plants of Solanum melongena were propagated under in vitro conditions (27°C, 12h/day illumination at 62 μEm-2s-1, 60% humidity) by subculture of terminal and lateral cuttings on MS medium +20 gl-1 sucrose + Morel and Wetmore vitamins at 1/8 strength and 7 gl-1 agar. Lamina, petioles and stems of 3-week-old cuttings were used as sources of protoplasts. The best mean yield of protoplasts was obtained from the lamina with 9,030×103 protoplasts per gram of tissue. Petioles and stems yielded respectively 3,144×103 and 1,220.4×103 protoplasts per gram of tissue. first division of petiole and stem protoplasts occurred within 48 h, while lamina protoplasts underwent division after 3–4 days of culture in KM8p medium +2,4-D(0.2 gl-1) + zeatin (0.5 mgl-1) + NAA (1 mgl-1) and 0.35M glucose as osmoticum. The highest percentage of dividing cells was obtained from petiole material, estimated at 33.4% after 7 days, compared to 23.8% and 19.4% respectively for stem and lamina protoplasts. When BAP replaced zeatin in KM8p, the division percentage of lamina protoplasts was reduced to 10–15%. When transferred to regeneration medium, all calli derived from KM8p + zeatin formed deep-green spots identified as embryo-like structures, while only few calli from KM8p + BAP underwent shoot organogenesis without formation of green spots. Some of embryo-like structure developed into plantlets with a frequency of 1–2 plantlets per callus especially on MS medium + zeatin (4 mgl-1) + IAA (0.2 mgl-1). Maintaining protoplast-derived calli on MS + BAP (0.5 mgl-1) + NAA (0.5 mgl-1) for more than 3 weeks resulted in a decrease and loss of cell totipotency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 8 (1987), S. 363-373 
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: transformation ; MgCl2-PEG-electroporation ; competence ; protoplasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Direct gene transfer into plant protoplasts has been recently developed, and conditions for high frequency transformation of SR1 tobacco protoplasts established. In this paper we analyse numerous transformation parameters in a comparative study on SR1 Nicotiana tabacum and N. plumbaginifolia, and report on a simple chemical technique for very efficient protoplast transformation. It is based on the synergistic interaction of MgCl2 and PEG. The technique yielded up to 1400 transformants per 3×105 treated N. tabacum protoplasts (up to 4.8% of the survivors, late selected clones). Using N. plumbaginifolia, the frequencies were 10-fold lower, indicating that the ‘competence’ for transformation has a species-specific component.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: protoplasts ; protoclonal variation ; somatic hybridization ; top-fruit trees ; woody ornamentals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Until recently, temperate fruit trees and woody ornamentals have been regarded as recalcitrant to biotechnological breeding approaches based on protoplasts. This however should no longer be the case, as procedures are now available, not only for the regeneration of complete plants from protoplasts of various tissues of such species, but also for the exploitation of protoplast technology for their genetic manipulation. This paper will examine the recent advances and state of the art in this domain, with particular attention to the use of protoplast technology as a novel tool in the breeding of rosaceous top-fruit tree species and woody ornamentals. Problems and their solutions within the context of regenerating plants from isolated protoplasts of stone (Prunus spp.), pome (Pyrus spp., Malus spp.) and small (Rubus spp.) fruits, and of several shrubby ornamental genotypes (Lonicera spp., Weigela spp., Forsythia spp., Cotoneaster spp.) will be addressed. Interspecific (Prunus spinosa + Prunus cerasifera) and intergeneric (Forsythia spp. + Syringa spp.) somatic hybridization within this group of species, as well as the use of protoplasts for host/pathogen interaction studies (Pyrus/Erwinia amylovora) will also be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: barley ; electroporation ; PEG-mediated DNA uptake ; promoter analysis ; protoplasts ; transient expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In some cereal species that are still recalcitrant to stable transformation and regeneration, transient expression in isolated protoplasts is a useful tool for the study of gene expression and regulation. We have successfully applied these techniques to barley protoplasts derived from developing endosperm, aleurone, leaves and roots in order to characterize functionally cis-acting motives in two gene promoters, corresponding to trypsin inhibitor BTI-CMe and to sucrose synthase Ss1. Gene specificity is maintained in transient expression assays with protoplasts isolated from these different barley tissues and the pattern of expression parallels the mRNA levels observed for the corresponding genes in the same tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa L. cv. Taipei 309 ; rice ; protoplasts ; direct DNA uptake ; kanamycin-resistant transgenic plants ; field trial ; glasshouse trial ; neomycin phosphotransferase II (npt II) gene ; gene expression and inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The phenotypes of seed progeny (R2 generation) of Oryza sativa L. cv. Taipei 309, which carried the neomycin phosphotransferase II (npt II) gene, were compared with those of non-transformed, protoplast-derived plants of the same generation and non-transformed, seed-derived plants under field and glasshouse conditions. Under both conditions the transgenic plants were generally smaller, took longer to flower and had reduced fertility. Significant differences were observed between individuals within the group of transgenic plants. The npt II gene was present in most of the transgenic plants, but NPT II activity was only detected in a minority of individuals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: bleomycin ; direct gene transfer ; expression ; irradiation ; petunia ; protoplasts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The production of transgenic plants by means of direct gene transfer to protoplasts is now a widely-used technique. The biological mechanisms underlying the transformation are still poorly understood, but many investigations have attempted to shed light on some components of this process. Varying the experimental conditions has in some cases led to better transformation rates, but further improvements of the protocols are possible. Such improvements will require a better understanding of how the alien DNA enters the cells, becomes integrated into the chromosomes and is treated as a part of the plant genome. Irradiation with sublethal doses of X-rays or UV-light has been shown to increase the transformation frequency, while certain drugs have been shown to act in a similar manner. The effects of these and other factors are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...