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  • 1985-1989  (3)
  • 1960-1964  (2)
  • 1920-1924
  • 1989  (3)
  • 1964  (2)
  • Alkaloids
  • Dyes/Pigments
  • 1
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Alkaloids ; Piperidine alkaloids ; 3-Pyridinols; 2,6-dlialkylated ; Bromine-lithium exchange and alkylation, regiospecific ; Hydrogenation of 3-pyridinols ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses of the Piperidine Alkaloids (±)-Cassine, (±)-Spectaline, (±)-Spicigerine Methyl Ester and of (±)-Azimic Acid and (±)-Carpamic AcidThe piperidine alkaloids (±)-cassine (1), (±)-spectaline (2), (±)-spicigerine methyl ester (3), (±)-azimic acid (4), and (±)-carpamic acid (5) have been synthesized stereoselectively in the following way: In the SEM ether 7 of 2,6-dibromo-3-pyridinol (6) the bromine atom in position 2 can be regiospecifically exchanged with nBuLi to give 8. Reaction of 8 with methyl iodide gave the key compound 9 exclusively. In the presence of Kumada′s NidpppCl2 catalyst in ether solution 9 reacts with the Grignard reagents from the bromides 14-18 to give the products 19-23. Methanolysis of the products gave the substituted 3-pyridinol derivatives 24-28. Subsequent acetalisation led to 29, 30 and hydrolysis to 31, 32. Hydrogenation of 28-32 with Rh on alumina catalyst and 90 bar pressure gave exclusively the (±) products 33, 34, 3, 4, and 5 with (2r,3c,6c) configuration. Hydrolysis of the ethylene acetal group in 33 and 34 gave (±)-1 and (±)-2.
    Notes: Die Piperidinalkaloide (±)-Cassin (1), (±)-Spectalin (2), (±)-Spicigerin-methylester (3) sowie (±)-Azimsäure (4) und (±)-Carpamsäure (5) werden stereoselektiv synthetisiert: Im SEM-Ether 7 des 2,6-Dibromo-3-pyridinols (6) erfolgt bei der Reaktion mit nBuLi ein regiospezifischer Austausch des Bromatoms in Position 2. Die entstandene Li-Verbindung 8 läßt sich mit Methyliodid zur Schlüsselverbindung 9 methylieren. Diese reagiert in Gegenwart von Kumadas NidpppCl2-Katalysator in Ether mit den Grignard-Reagenzien aus den Bromiden 14-18 zu den 6-substituierten Pyridinen 19-23. Methanolyse und Hydrolyse liefern die 3-Pyridinol-Derivate 24-28 und durch nachfolgende Acetalisierung 29, 30 sowie durch Hydrolyse 31, 32. Die Hydrierung von 28-32 mit Rh auf Alox-Katalysator unter 90 bar Druck ergibt ausschließlich die (±)-Produkte 33, 34, 3, 4 und 5 mit (2r,3c,6c)-Konfiguration. Hydrolyse der Ethylenacetalgruppe in 33 und 34 ergibt (±)-1 und (±)-2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1989 (1989), S. 443-447 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Alkaloids ; Heteroyohimbane analogues ; Indolo[2,3-a]quinolizines ; Stilbazoles ; Aldol condensation ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Heteroyohimbane Analogues from 3-Acetyl-7,12-dihydro-2-methyl-6H-indolo[2,3-a]quinolizinium Chloride1)The methyl side chain of 3-Acetyl-7,12-dihydro-2-methyl-6H-indolo[2,3-a] quinolizinium chloride (1a) and its acetal 1b, prepared from tryptamine hydrochloride and acetoacetaldehyde dimethylacetal, are treated with carbonyl compounds. Starting from 1b, benzaldehyde and furfural yield the stilbazoles 4a-d, after hydrogenation of ring C the tetrahydropyridines 5a-c. With hydrate-forming carbonyl compounds like chloral, diethyl mesoxalate, and ninhydrin, water is not eliminated (6-8, 10, 12) and, starting from 1a, the acetyl side chain participates in forming the heteroyohimbane-like ring E (9, 11, 13).
    Notes: In dem aus Tryptamin-hydrochlorid und Acetylacetaldehyd-dimethylacetal gebildeten 3-Acetyl-7,12-dihydro-2-methyl-6H-indolo[2,3-a]chinolizinium-chlorid (1a) und seinem Acetal 1b wird die Methyl-Seitenkette durch Umsetzung mit Carbonyl-Verbindungen kondensiert. Benzaldehyd und Furfural führen ausgehend von 1b zu den Stilbazolen 4a-d, nach Hydrierung von Ring C zu den Tetrahydropyridinen 5a-c. Mit Hydrat-bildenden Carbonyl-Verbindungen wie Chloral, Mesoxalsäure-diethylester und Ninhydrin bleibt die Wasser-Abspaltung aus (6-8, 10, 12), und es kommt ausgehend von 1a unter Beteiligung der Acetyl-Seitenkette zur Schließung des Heteroyohimban-ähnlichen Ringes E (9, 11, 13).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 28 (1989), S. 677-694 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Color ; Conjugation ; Dyes/Pigments ; Chromophores ; Theoretical chemistry ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Until now the study of organic compounds in which the π-electron system is excited by absorbed light has been mainly concentrated on the ultraviolet and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Various new applications, such as the use of conjugated organic compounds as dye lasers or as materitals for storing information with the help of diode lasers, led to the synthesis of new compounds which absorb light in the near in infrared (NIR). It is possible to use structure-color relationships to predict the properties of such new compounds when they belong to dyestuff classes which have already been studied in detail; in this case the approach involves decreasing the energy difference between the ground state and the first excited state. A less conventional starting point is provided by molecular structures in which from the outset there is only a very small energy difference between the lowest-energy electronic states; such diradicaloid molecules occupy a special position among the various types of organic compounds. It is possible by means of suitable structural modification to stabilize such molecules in a singlet from which absorbs light at very long wavelengths (i.e. at small wave numbers).
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Phenolic bases ; Alkaloids ; Condensation ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Provided they contain quaternary nitrogen, simple phenolic bases can undergo oxidative condensation under conditions similar to those of biogenesis to form alkaloids of the isoquinoline series with good yields. By means of such oxidative condensations, more than sixty alkaloids of various structural types have become more easily obtainable. Of the numerous possible condensations of the intermediate mesomeric radicals only those which lead to naturally occurring alkaloids give good yields and few by-products. The results suggest that oxidative condensations of quaternary bases are also involved in the biosynthesis of alkaloids in the plant cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 3 (1964), S. 408-416 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Reactive dyes ; Dyes/Pigments ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Two new groups of reactive dyestuffs have been developed. One group (Levafix® dyes) comprises compounds which contain —SO2NH—CH2—CH2—OSO3H or —CH2—N(alkyl)-CH2—CH2—OSO3H as reactive groups. The dyes of this group react with cellulose fibers to form cellulose ethers, e.g. R—SO2NH—CH2—CH2—O—cellulose. The substances in the second group (Levafix-E® dyes) consist of the amides formed from 2,3-dichloroquinoxaline-6-carboxylic acid and dyestuffs containing primary or secondary amino groups.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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