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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ein unabhängiges Verfahren zur Messung der Zusammensetzung von Gasgemischen mit Hilfe der Gaschromatographie (1977)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 369 (1977), S. 91-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Gas analysis ; Determination of gas fractions ; Accuracy of the Scholander method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The volume fraction of gas mixtures may be measured gas chromatographically by application of the 100% method, provided they can be separated. In case of gases it is not necessary to calibrate with another method. The specific character of the detector signals can be eliminated by measurements with pure components. The procedure is compared with the Scholander method. In case of O2/N2 mixtures the results agree within reproducibility, but in case of O2/CO2/N2 mixtures a systematic deviation of the CO2 fractions to smaller values is found as concerns the Scholander method. A gas mixture with 5.6 Vol% CO2 shows a difference of approximately 0.3 Vol%. The gas chromatographic method is almost 100 times as sensitive as the Scholander method. High fractions may be measured without problems and the method is not restricted to O2 and CO2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00580816
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organic aciduria in hypoxic premature newborns simulating an inborn error of metabolism (1977)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 127 (1977), S. 41-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Organic aciduria ; Hypoxia ; Prematures ; Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A very unusual pattern of organic acid excretion was established in the urine of two premature newborns with severe respiratory distress and cerebral haemorrhages. By combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry the following acids were identified: lactic acid, α-hydroxy-butyric acid, β-hydroxy-butyric acid, α-hydroxy-isovaleric acid, and p-hydroxy-phenyllactic acid. Calculation of the concentration revealed an excessive excretion of lactic acid and also very high excretion of the other acids. A post mortem blood sample from one of the patients revealed a comparable pattern. The abnormal urinary organic acid excretion pattern was most probably caused by severe tissue hypoxia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00465564
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retentionsindices zur gaschromatographischen Identifizierung von Arzneimitteln (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 37 (1977), S. 295-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Retention indices ; Drugs ; Gas chromatography ; Identification ; Drug files ; Toxicology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Benutzung der Kovatsschen Retentionsindices zur Standardisierung in der Gaschromatographie ermöglicht die Aufstellung von gaschromatographischen Dateien und den Datenaustausch zwischen verschiedenen Labors. —Die Faktoren, die zur genauen Erfassung der Retentionsindices notwendig sind, besonders die Temperaturabhängigkeit, werden besprochen. Der Informationsgewinn, der durch die Verwendung der Retentionsindices auf zwei stationären Phasen (OV-1 und OV-17), sowie der Berücksichtigung ihrer Differenzen entsteht, wird anhand von Tabellen dargelegt. Die Effizienz dieser Daten bei der Identifizierung unbekannter Verbindungen wird demonstriert. — Im Anhang sind die Retentionsindices von 72 bei toxikologischen Untersuchungen häufig auftretenden Verbindungen auf den stationären Phasen OV-1 und OV-17 sowie deren Differenzen tabelliert.
    Notes: Abstract The use of the Kovats retention indices for standardization in gas chromatography enables the compilation of gaschromatographic data and the exchange of those data between different laboratories. Factors important for reliable determination of the retention indices, in particular the temperature dependence, are discussed. The gain in information due to the application of the retention indices and their differences on two stationary phases is demonstrated by means of tables with indication of their efficiency in searching for unknown compounds from such files. In the supplement retention indices on OV-1, OV-17 and their differences for 72 compounds frequently encountered in toxicological analyses are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00330821
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radioimmunological screening and gas chromatographic identification of diazepam in blood and serum (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 38 (1977), S. 295-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Diazepam ; Radioimmunoassay ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird über die radioimmunologische Bestimmung von Diazepam im menschlichen Blut und Serum berichtet. Diazepam wird aus dem biologischen Material durch Adsorption mit Amberlite XAD-2 und anschließende Desorption mit Äthylacetat angereichert. Der Extrakt wird dann direkt für die Diazepam-Bestimmung durch Radioimmunoassay und Gaschromatographie mit Elektroneneinfang-Detektion eingesetzt. Für den kombinierten radioimmunologischen und gaschromatographischen Nachweis werden 0,5 ml Blut oder Serum benötigt; die untere Empfindlichkeitsgrenze liegt für beide Methoden bei etwa 5 ng/ml. Die Zuverlässigkeit des Radioimmunoassays bezüglich Reproduzierbarkeit, Genauigkeit und Spezifität ist voll zufriedenstellend. Die durch Gaschromatographie und Radioimmunoassay erhaltenen quantitativen Daten zeigen gute Übereinstimmung. Es können mit der radioimmunologischen Methode von einer technischen Arbeitskraft mehr als 200 Proben an zwei Arbeitstagen auf Diazepam untersucht werden.
    Notes: Abstract A radioimmunoassay for the determination of diazepam in human blood and serum is presented. Diazepam is separated from the bulk of the biological material by adsorption at Amberlite XAD-2 and subsequent desorption with ethyl acetate. The extract thus obtained can be used directly for the determination of diazepam by radioimmunoassay and gas chromatography with electron capture detection. For the combined radioimmunological and gas chromatographic determination 0.5 ml of blood or serum are necessary, the lower detection limit being approx. 5 ng/ml for both of these procedures. A good reliability of the radioimmunoassay is established with respect to precision, accuracy and specificity. The quantitative results obtained by radioimmunoassay and gas chromatography correspond well with each other. The radioimmunological procedure enables the screening of more than 200 samples for diazepam by one technician within two working days.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00352034
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma concentrations of perphenazine and its sulphoxide metabolite during continuous oral treatment (1977)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 53 (1977), S. 127-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Perphenazine ; Perphenazinesulphoxide ; Plasma concentrations ; Steady state ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Plasma concentrations of perphenazine (PPZ) (Trilafon®) and perphenazinesulphoxide (PPZSO) were estimated during a 2-week period in 16 patients receiving peroral PPZ treatment for various psychotic disorders. The results demonstrated that the average concentration of three plasma samples was a reasonably good expression of the steady-state plasma level despite a great fluctuation in the concentration from sample to sample. Increased doses in three of the patients resulted in disproportionate increases in the plasma levels. Neurological side effects were recorded and their relation to plasma concentrations are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00426481
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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