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  • 1985-1989  (13)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1986  (13)
  • Industrial Chemistry
  • Phosphorus
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nutrient transport between ryegrass plants differeing in nutrient status (1986)
    Springer
    Oecologia 70 (1986), S. 128-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Lolium ; Nitrogen ; Nutrient transfer ; Phosphorus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary It is known that nitrogen and phosphorus can be transferred from one living plant to another, but it is not known whether the amounts transferred are large enough to influence the growth of the species in the field. Two Lolium perenne plants were grown per pot of unfertilized soil. During 25 weeks one plant (the ‘donor’) in each pot was fed nutrients through leaves; donors in control pots received only water. The ‘receiver’ plants which shared a pot with the nutrient-fed donors increased significantly, compared with the controls, in leaf number and concentration of phosphorus, though not in concentration of nitrogen, potassium, calcium or magnesium. The rate of phosphorus transfer agreed well with previous results using 32P. The results are compared with rates of phosphorus uptake in the field. It is concluded that nutrient transfer could have an influence on the balance between coexisting species in the field, but probably the influence will be small.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377121
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in a moss community-soil system developed on a cold desert in Antarctica (1986)
    Springer
    Ecological research 1 (1986), S. 59-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1703
    Keywords: Antarctica ; Carbon ; Moss community ; Nitrogen ; Phosphorus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The distributions of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in a moss community-soil system developed on a naked region in Rundvågskollane (69050'S, 39009'E), East Antarctica, were investigated in order to analyze the flow of matter in an Antarctic terrestrial ecosystem. 1) The moss community was formed from many moss blocks of different sizes and was composed ofBryum pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) Gaertn., Meyer et Scherb.,Ceratodon purpureus (Hedw.) Brid. andGrimmia lawiana J. H. Willis. The surface of the community was covered with cyanobacteria. 2) It was estimated that nitrogen fixed by cyanobacteria flowed from these organisms to the moss and that little nitrogen was transported within the moss body. 3) A large amount of phosphorus existed in the soil. The moss community had a high phosphorus content although the amount itself was relatively little due to the small phytomass. 4) It seems that absorption of phosphorus from soil is difficult for moss, because of the paucity of water necessary for the movement of phosphorus and the suppressed growth of moss due to the arid conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02361205
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of drainage and soil phosphorus on the vegetation of Douala-Edea Forest Reserve, Cameroun (1986)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 65 (1986), S. 149-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Africa ; Cameroun ; Douala-Edea ; Drainage ; Gradient ; Phosphorus ; Rain-forest
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract All living trees (≥30 cm gbh) were enumerated in 104 80×80 m plots arranged along four transects in the Douala-Edea Forest Reserve Cameroun, a system of low-lying ancient coastal sand dunes interspersed by numerous streams and swamps. The extent of permanent and seasonal swamps was recorded for each plot. Two hundred thirty taxa were recognized of which 63% were identified to species. Mean tree density was 376 ha−1, basal area 31.0 m2 ha−1 and number of species per plot 39. The Olacaceae were the most abundant family in terms of basal area, but the Euphorbiaceae the most frequently represented. The most abundant species wasCoula edulis (Olacaceae). Twenty-two plots had most of their area permanently or seasonally swamped. Percentage sand, silt and clay ranged between 32–100, 0–64, 0–21% respectively. The ranges for other variables recorded were: pH (2.7–5.4), organic carbon (1.5–12.4%), available phosphorus (7–90 ppm) and potassium (28–188 ppm), and nitrogen (ammonium 4–40 ppm, nitrate 1–12 ppm). Classification of the plots on the basis of six soil variables provided three large distinct groups: swamp plots and non-swamp plots, the latter divided into plots of low and high available soil phosphorus. Swamp plots were distinguished by high abundances ofProtomegabaria stapfiana andLibrevillea klainei, though correspondence ordination of plots in these groups showedP. stapfiana associated with more clayey soils andLibrevillea klainei (andGluema ivorensis) on the very sandy soils. Direct gradient analysis highlighted several species associated with these lower phosphorus soils. Available soil phosphorus is not as low at Douala-Edea as in parts of Korup, and the association of these Douala-Edea soils with the Caesalpinioideae is correspondingly weaker.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00044815
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of topography and soil phosphorus on the vegetation of Korup Forest Reserve, Cameroun (1986)
    Springer
    Plant ecology 65 (1986), S. 131-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Africa ; Cameroun ; Gradient ; Korup ; Phosphorus ; Rain-forest ; Topography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract All living trees (≥30 cm gbh) were enumerated in 135 80×80 m plots, each subdivided into four 40×40 m subplots, and arranged along four 5 km transect lines in the Korup Forest Reserve, Cameroun. For each plot altitude, slope and the extent of permanent and seasonal swamps were recorded. Four hundred and eleven taxa were recognized of which 66% were identified to species. Mean tree density was 471 ha−1, basal area 27.6 m2 ha−1 and number of species per plot 75. The subfamily Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae) was the most abundant family/subfamily in terms of basal area, but the Scytopetalaceae the most frequently represented, mainly on account ofOubanguia alata. Ten plots had at least three quarters of their area permanently swamped, and three, to a similar extent, were seasonally swamped. The ranges in sand, silt and clay content were 60–91, 0–24 and 4–20% respectively. The pH value, organic carbon content and nitrate-nitrogen concentration ranged between 4.0–5.8, 1.3–5.7% and 0–35 ppm respectively. The largest soil variations were in available phosphorus, range 2–29 ppm, and potassium, 38–375 ppm. Correspondence analysis ordination of all plots showed a major indirect floristic gradient correlated with increasing altitude, slope and soil phosphorus and potassium. Removal of the topographic effect by separate re-ordinations of four groups of plots at low, middle (2) and high altitude/slopes highlighted a strong correlation of the main floristic gradients of the middle altitude/slope groups with the concentration of available soil phosphorus. Direct gradient analysis using all plots with respect to available soil phosphorus concentration confirmed the indirect analyses. Individual species response to phosphorus were also shown by direct comparisons in the vegetation on plots of high and low available soil phosphorus concentration. Low available phosphorus soils (≤5 ppm) are strongly associated with species of the subfamily Caesalpinioideae, especially of the tribes Amherstieae and Detarieae. It is suggested that this result is probably due to the ability of these particular legume tribes to form associations with ectotrophic mycorrhizae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00044814
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long-term effects of cutting tap roots ofPinus caribaea growing on infertile savanna soils (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 93 (1986), S. 137-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Calcium ; Magnesium ; Phosphorus ; Pinus caribaea ; Potassium ; Savanna ; Tap root
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The content of elements in needles ofPinus caribaea trees growing upon infertile savanna soils was analysed at 3 and 5 years after the tap roots of a subset of trees had been severed. No significant differences were found between the content of elements in treated and control trees, nor were significant differences found in increments of diameter of the trees over 5 years. It is concluded that this organ plays no significant nutritional role in the trees on these soils, and that tree growth can be achieved exclusively from atmospheric nutrient accessions and exchangeable nutrient reserves in the topsoil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02377154
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of soil temperature on the response of lettuce seedlings to starter fertilizer (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 93 (1986), S. 183-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Ammonium phosphate ; Lactuca sativa L. ; Phosphorus ; Placement ; Potassium phosphate ; Root-shoot ratio ; Soil temperature ; Starter fertilizer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A pot experiment is described which investigated the effects of placing starter fertilizer, 1 cm beneath the seeds, on growth and nutrient uptake in lettuce seedlings at two soil temperatures (10°C and 20°C). At both temperatures the presence of starter fertilizer increased nutrient concentrations within the plants. At 20°C there was no growth response to the starter treatments. However, at 10°C there was a large response to the application of starter fertilizer. The best treatment was a combination of NH4H2PO4 and KH2PO4 which increased plant dry weight by 64% at 19 days from sowing. Nutrient deficiency caused a significant increase in the root length/shoot weight ratio of the control plants at 10°C. The responses to the starter were shown to be determined by the balance between the demand for nutrients from the shoots and the supplying power of the roots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374220
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fate of applied nutrients in a long-term superphosphate trial inPinus radiata (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 93 (1986), S. 373-382 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Calcium ; Fertilizer ; Magnesium ; Nitrogen ; Nutrient content ; Phosphorus ; Pinus radiata ; Potassium ; Superphosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Nutrient contents of aPinus radiata stand, that is, aboveground tree, understorey, forest floor and soil to 200 mm depth, were estimated in a replicated fertilizer trial, treated 30 years previously. The fertilizer treatments were 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg P/ha as broadcast superphosphate. Highly significant growth responses had been obtained to the applied P. Estimation of the P content of the stand showed that 129%, 89%, 72% and 67% of the applied P was found in the 25, 50, 75 and 100 kg P/ha treatments respectively. The larger losses of P at the higher application rates would explain the lack of increased response with the highest application rate, however, it also shows that significant quantities of P are still present after a period of 30 years, giving a basis for growth responses in the subsequent rotations. Elevated quantities of N, Ca, Mg and K were found in the treatments compared with the control and these could not be explained on the basis of atmospheric inputs. For the cations, uptake from deeper in the soil profile could explain most of the effect but not for the higher amounts of N which, in the case of the highest superphosphate treatment, amounted to an accumulation of 27 kg N/ha/yr. These nutrient changes together with increased soil organic matter contents are considered to have provided a long term increase to the site productivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374288
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of two endomycorrhizal symbioses on soybean and comparison with phosphorus fertilization (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 95 (1986), S. 361-377 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: glomus fasciculatum ; Glomus mosseae ; Glycine max ; Phosphorus ; Specific P Uptake Rate (SPUR) ; Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv. Amsoy 71) plants were grown in a greenhouse in a soil very low in plant-available P, and plants were harvested 5 times over a 21-week growth period. Soybeans were inoculated with one of two species of VAM fungi or received daily one of three nutrient solutions of different P concentrations (0.0, 0.2, or 1.0mMP). Until week 9, the dry weights, leaf areas and developmental stage of soybeans inoculated withG. fasciculatum orG. mosseae were similar to the 1.0 or 0.2mMP-treated plants, respectively. Phosphorus concentrations were significantly lower in VAM plants at weeks 6 and 9 as compared to non-VAM soybeans given 1.0mMP, suggesting P input in VAM plants was immediately used for new growth. Total P input for VAM plants was linear over 21 weeks, and the average rate of P uptake for these plants was 0.19mg P d−1. Estimated specific P uptake rates (SPUR) for the mycorrhizae (VAM roots) were twice that of the control (0.0mMP) roots. The calculated SPURs forG. fasciculatum andG. mosseae hyphae were 95 and 120μg P g−1 VAM d−1 respectively, a 4 to 5 fold increase over non-inoculated roots, indicating more attention must be paid to P assimilation by VAM fungi in P-fixing substrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374617
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of temperature and prior flooding on intensity and sorption of phosphorus in soil (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 95 (1986), S. 173-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Apparent heat of sorption ; Bonding energy ; Flooded-drain ; Phosphorus ; Phosphate ; Sorption ; Temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of temperature and prior flooding of soil on P sorption were examined in 2 soils having a rice-based cropping system and showing an induced P deficiency problem in flooded rice-uplant crop rotations. The P sorption capacity of soil increased with increasing temperature as well as with prior flooding, the effects of the latter were, howerver, dominant. The bonding energy of sorption, calculated from the Langmuir isotherm, also increased with both temperature and prior flooding of soils, indicate that the effects of chemical changes associated with alternative anoxic and oxidized soil conditions are more significant in the P reversion process. The apparent heat of sorption reaction, calculated with the Freundlich isotherm and Van't Hoff's equation also increased due to prior flooding of soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02375069
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sorption and bioavailability of phosphorus during the drainage period of flooded-drained soils (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 92 (1986), S. 265-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Bioavailability ; Bonding energy ; Flooded-drained ; Phosphorus ; Phosphorus sorption ; P uptake
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Changes in P sorption and bioavailability were studied with 4 soils previously flooded and drained as occurs in rice-based cropping systems. Phosphorus sorption was measured at 15 and 119 days after drainage and the bioavailability of added and native soil-P was determined at 9, 16, 30, 45, 70 and 135 days in both flooded-drained and unflooded soils. The P sorptivity and bonding energy of sorption increased under flooded-drained soil conditions. At 119 days after drainage the P sorptivity and bonding energy of sorption decreased as compared to 15 days after drainage. The P sorptivity of the flooded-drained soils, however, did not reach the same levels as existed in the soils prior to flooding. The bioavailability of P during the drainage period remained low and did not measurably change up to 70 days after drainage. At 135 days after drainage the bioavailability of P increased significantly, but did not reach the level found in the corresponding unflooded soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372640
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phosphorus deficiency induced by nitrogen input in Douglas fir in the Netherlands (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 95 (1986), S. 191-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Atmospheric input ; Douglas fir Fertilization ; Foliar analysis ; Forest nutrition ; N/P ratio ; Nitrogen ; Nutrient status ; Phosphorus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A re-examination of earlier NPK fertilization experiments in Douglas fir stands on sandy soils shows the effects of high nitrogen input by air pollution during the last 10–15 years on plant nutrition at these sites. In 1960, experimental plots showed a positive growth reaction to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization. All suffered from severe phosphorus deficiency in 1984, low phosphorus in the needles was invariably accompanied by a high nitrogen content, with all N/P ratios between 20 and 30. The same conclusion emerges from an independent investigation of nutrient status of a selection of Douglas fir stands. Hence, if stand productivity and a balanced nutrient status of the trees is to be maintained, the increase in atmospheric input of nitrogen calls for supplementary fertilization. Given the current N/P ratios in the needles, a positive growth response to phosphorus fertilization is to be expected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02375071
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth response ofTheobroma cacao L. seeldings to inoculation with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 96 (1986), S. 279-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Mycorrhiza ; Phosphorus ; Plant growth ; Theobroma cacao
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) on the growth and phosphorus uptake of cocoa seedlings (Theobroma cacao L.) grown for 100 days in polythene bags, were studied at five levels of phosphorus fertilization in both steamed and unsterile Bungor Series soil (a fine clayey, kaolinitic isohyperthermic Typic Paleudult). The cocoa seedlings responded well to phosphorus fertilization and mycorrhizal treatments. Plants inoculated with VAM fungi (Gigaspora spp.) gave the most vigorous growth and higher phosphorus in the leaf tissues in unsterile soil compared to plants grown in steamed soil. However, the mycorrhizal effect was significantly more pronounced (P〈0.01) in plants grown in steamed than in unsterile soil. High levels of phosphorus application depressed mycorrhizal development. Phosphorus fertilizer applied at the rates of 250 and 500 ug g−1 soil gave maximum root colonization and spore counts in both soil types used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374771
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrate and ammonium absorption by plants growing at a sufficient or insufficient level of phosphorus in nutrient solutions (1986)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 91 (1986), S. 313-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Ammonium uptake ; Barley ; Brassica napus L. ; Buckwheat ; Cation-anion balance ; Fagopyrum esculentum Moench ; Hordeum vulgare L. ; Nitrate uptake ; Phosphorus ; Rape
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Absorption of nitrate and ammonium was studied in water culture experiments with 4 to 6 weeks old plants of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum L. Moench) and rape (Brassica napus L.). The plants were grown in a complete nutrient solution with nitrate (5.7±0.2 mM) or nitrate (5.6±0.2 mM) + ammonium (0.04±0.02 mM). The pH of the nutrient solution was kept at 5.0 using a pH-stat. It was found that phosphorus deficiency reduced the rate of nitrate uptake by 58±3% when nitrate was the sole N source and by 83±1% when both nitrate and ammonium were present. The reduction occurred even before growth was significantly impeded by P deficiency. The inhibition of the uptake of ammonium was less,i.e. ammonium constituted 10±1% of the total N uptake in the P sufficient plants and 30±5% in the P deficient plants. The reduction of nitrate absorption greatly decreased the difference between the uptake of anions and cations. It is suggested that P deficiency reduced the assimilation of NO 3 − into the proteins, which might cause a negative feedback on NO 3 − influx and/or stimulate NO 3 − efflux.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02198114
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