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  • 2010-2014
  • 1985-1989  (20)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1890-1899
  • 1840-1849
  • 1989  (20)
  • gene expression
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of the genes of interferons and other cytokines in normal and diseased tissues of man (1989)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 526-535 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Interferon ; cytokines ; interleukins ; gene expression ; transcription ; autoimmune ; disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Specific interferon genes are transcribed at low levels in the spleen, liver, and peripheral blood leukocytes of normal individuals in the apparent absence of virus infection while other interferon genes remain unexpressed in the same tissues. In contrast, the genes of cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6 and TNF are expressed at relatively high levels in the organs of normal individuals. The level of expression of the IL-1, IL-6 and TNF genes is markedly reduced in the livers of patients with autoimmune liver disease compared to the level of expression in the liver of normal individuals, whereas the expression of interferon genes is similar in both normal and diseased liver, suggesting that a defect in the expression of specific cytokines is associated with severe liver disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01990502
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic and tissue-specific variation in the expression of a closely linked murine multigene family on chromosome 15 that encodes salivary and lacrimal proteins (1989)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 27 (1989), S. 613-637 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: mouse ; salivary protein ; lacrimal protein ; gene expression ; Spt locus ; multigene family
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The murine submandibular gland (SMG) produces a novel class of highly acidic salivary proteins encoded by one or more highly abundant mRNA transcripts. In inbred mice, these transcripts are encoded by members of a multigene family comprising approximately 8–12 homologues. Most, and probably all, of these homologues are clustered at a new locus near belted (bt) on chromosome 15, which we designateSpt (salivary protein). Although physically closely linked,Spt genes differ in their patterns of expression both in strains of mice and in their tissues. One gene,Spt-1, is expressed at high levels in the SMG of all inbred strains examined. This gene is also expressed at significant levels in the lacrimal gland. A second gene,Spt-2, appears to be present as a single copy in some strains and as two copies in others. This gene is expressed at high levels only in the SMG of those strains carrying two copies, andSpt-2 mRNA is not detectable in the SMG of strains carrying only one copy. In contrast toSpt-1, theSpt-2 gene is not expressed at detectable levels in the lacrimal gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00553636
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic and tissue-specific variation in the expression of a closely linked murine multigene family on chromosome 15 that encodes salivary and lacrimal proteins (1989)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 27 (1989), S. 613-637 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: mouse ; salivary protein ; lacrimal protein ; gene expression ; Spt locus ; multigene family
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The murine submandibular gland (SMG) produces a novel class of highly acidic salivary proteins encoded by one or more highly abundant mRNA transcripts. In inbred mice, these transcripts are encoded by members of a multigene family comprising approximately 8–12 homologues. Most, and probably all, of these homologues are clustered at a new locus near belted (bt) on chromosome 15, which we designateSpt (salivary protein). Although physically closely linked,Spt genes differ in their patterns of expression both in strains of mice and in their tissues. One gene,Spt-1, is expressed at high levels in the SMG of all inbred strains examined. This gene is also expressed at significant levels in the lacrimal gland. A second gene,Spt-2, appears to be present as a single copy in some strains and as two copies in others. This gene is expressed at high levels only in the SMG of those strains carrying two copies, andSpt-2 mRNA is not detectable in the SMG of strains carrying only one copy. In contrast toSpt-1, theSpt-2 gene is not expressed at detectable levels in the lacrimal gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02396156
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of human and murine complement: Comparison of 5′ structural and functional elements regulating human and murine complement factor B gene expression (1989)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 89 (1989), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: complement ; factor B ; gene expression ; interferon-ψ ; interleukin-1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The serine protease complement factor B (Bf), an acute phase plasma protein, is a component of the alternative pathway of complement activation. Previous studies revealed that several cytokines including IFN-γ and IL-1 are involved in mediating acute phase Bf expression. To determine the molecular details of Bf expression we isolated, sequenced and characterized the 5′ flanking regions of the human and murine Bf genes. In both species the Bf transcriptional start site in liver was located 〈400 by 3′ to the polyadenylation site of the upstream C2 gene. This upstream intergenic region contained 〉65% nucleotide homology between species. Within this region, an IRS and three heat shock consensus elements were found in the murine sequence in an identical position to that of the human. To examine the functional details of Bf expression, a series of mouse and human Bf promoter - chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) chimeric gene constructs were transfected into mouse L or human HepG2 cells. Analysis of expression of these fusion gene constructs revealed that 1) cis-acting DNA sequences identified, at least in part, in the 3′ untranslated region of the C2 gene (within the 400 by upstream of the Bf cap site) mediate responsiveness to IL-1 and IFN-γ, 2) the responsiveness to each mediator appears to be conferred by separate upstream regions similar in position and homologous in man and mouse, and 3) the IL-1 responsive region in both species appears to have the characteristics of an enhancer element. The results of this analysis suggest a selective pressure to conserve the intergenic sequence between C2 and Bf genes and that further studies of these sequences will be useful in elucidating mechanisms controlling the acute phase response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228274
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential early activation of defense-related genes in elicitor-treated parsley cells (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 12 (1989), S. 227-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: differential cDNA screening ; gene expression ; hybrid-select in vitro translation ; nuclear run-off transcription ; RNA blot hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A cDNA library from cultured parsley (Petroselinum crispum) cells was differentially screened using labeled run-off transcripts derived from nucleic of elicitor-treated and untreated cells. This resulted in the isolation of 18 independent cDNA families representing putative defense-related genes. All genes are rapidly and transiently activated after elicitor application, but the time courses of transcriptional activity exhibit considerable variations, indicating differences in the mechanisms of gene regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020507
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A unified matrix hypothesis of DNA-directed morphogenesis, protodynamism and growth control (1989)
    Springer
    Bioscience reports 9 (1989), S. 157-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4935
    Keywords: matrix hypothesis ; morphogenesis ; protodynamics ; growth control ; DNA ; genome organisation ; gene expression ; gene regulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A theoretical concept is proposed, in order to explain some enigmatic aspects of cellular and molecular biology of eukaryotic organisms. Among these are the C-value paradox of DNA redundancy, the correlation of DNA content and cell size, the disruption of genes at DNA level, the “Chromosome field” data of Lima de Faria (Hereditas 93∶1, 1980), the “quantal mitosis” proposition of Holtzeret al. (Curr. Top. Dev. Biol. 7∶229 1972), the inheritance of morphological patterns, the relations of DNA and chromosome organisation to cellular structure and function, the molecular basis of speciation, etc. The basic proposition of the “Unified Matrix Hypothesis” is that the nuclear DNA has a direct morphogenic function, in addition to its coding function in protein synthesis. This additional genetic information is thought to be largely contained in the non-protein coding transcribed DNA, and in the untranscribed part of the genome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01115994
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of an active spinach acyl carrier protein-I/protein-A gene fusion (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 12 (1989), S. 95-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: acyl carrier protein ; fatty acid synthesis ; gene expression ; gene fusion ; protein A ; spinach
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A synthetic gene encoding spinach acyl carrier protein I (ACP-I) was fused to a gene encoding the Fc-binding portion of staphylococcal protein A. This gene fusion, under the control of the λPR promoter, was expressed at high levels in Escherichia coli producing a 42 kDa fusion protein. This fusion protein was phosphopantethenylated in E. coli. In vitro the ACP portion of the fusion protein was able to participate in acyl ACP synthetase reactions, plant malonyl-CoA:ACP transacylase (MCT) reactions, and plant fatty acid synthetase (FAS) reactions. Inhibitory effects of high ACP concentrations on in vitro plant FAS were observed with the unfused ACP-1 but not with the fusion protein. As with unfused ACP-I, the fusion protein was a poor substrate for E. coli FAS reactions. When injected into rabbits, the fusion protein was also able to generate antiserum to spinach ACP-I.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00017452
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    cDNA sequence and differential expression of the gene encoding the glutamine synthetase γ polypeptide ofPhaseolus vulgaris L. (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 12 (1989), S. 553-565 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cDNA sequence ; gene expression ; glutamine synthetase ; legume-Rhizobium symbiosis ; nitrogen metabolism ; Phaseolus vulgaris L.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We report the sequence of an essentially full-length glutamine synthetase (GS) cDNA clone (pcGS-γ1) isolated from a root nodule library ofPhaseolus vulgaris L. The polypeptide encoded by this cDNA has been producedin vitro by transcription/translation and shown to co-migrate on two-dimensional gels with the previously identified major cytosolic GS polypeptide (γ) of nodules. Two previously identified GS cDNA clones, pR-2 and pR-1 (see Gebhardtet al., EMBO J 5: 1429–1435, 1986) have similarly been shown to encode the α and β cytosolic GS polypeptides respectively. An RNase protection technique has been used to analyse specifically and quantitatively the abundance of mRNA related to these three GS cDNAs and to the cDNA (pcGS-δ1) encoding the chloroplast-located GS, during nodulation. Differences in the abundances of these mRNAs at different times suggest that they are not coordinately regulated. Moreover, using this technique mRNA specifically related to pcGS-γ1 was found at high levels in nodules but not in roots or leaves. Surprisingly the expression of this gene is not nodule-specific as previously suggested, as its mRNA was also detected, but at lower levels, in stems, petioles and in green cotyledons. By comparison, mRNA related to a leghaemoglobin gene was detected only in nodules. Comparisons of the relative abundances of the pcGS-γ1 mRNA and the γ polypeptide in different organs and at different stages during nodulation, suggest that the appearance of the γ polypeptide is largely under transcriptional control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036969
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antisense RNA inhibition of β-glucuronidase gene expression in transgenic tobacco plants (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 13 (1989), S. 399-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: antisense RNA ; β-glucuronidase ; tobacco ; transgenic plants ; gene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Antisense RNA was used to specifically inhibit the expression of a GUS gene introduced in a transgenic plant. A tobacco transformant containing a single intact copy of the GUS gene and showing relatively high constitutive levels of GUS activity (GUS+) was re-transformed with an Agrobacterium Ti-derived binary vector containing an antisense version of this reporter gene. The sense and antisense GUS genes were each under the regulation of the CaMV 35S promoter. Re-transformed plants contained 1–5 copies of the antisense construct and all showed a greater than 90% reduction in GUS activity relative to the original GUS+ plant. This reduction in GUS activity correlated closely with the levels of GUS enzyme and steady state GUS mRNA observed in these plants. The relatively low levels of sense and antisense GUS transcripts found in the re-transformed plants may indicate a rapid degradation of the RNA:RNA duplex in the cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00015552
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of Rhizobium leguminosarum nodulation genes in gene expression in pea root hairs (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 12 (1989), S. 157-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: deformation factor ; gene expression ; pea ; Rhizobium leguminosarum ; root hairs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mRNA population in pea root hairs was characterized by means of in vitro translation of total root hair RNA followed by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the translation products. Root hairs contain several mRNAs not detectable in total RNA preparations from roots. Most of these root hair-specific mRNAs occur in elongating root hairs at higher levels than in mature root hairs. The expression of some genes in pea root hairs is typically affected by inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum. One gene, encoding RH-42, is specifically induced while the expression of another gene, encoding RH-44, is markedly enhanced. Using R. leguminosarum mutants it was shown that the nodC gene is required for the induction and enhancement of expression of the RH-42 and RH-44 genes, respectively, while the Rhizobium chromosomal gene pss1, involved in exopolysaccharide synthesis, is not essential. After induction of the nod genes with apigenin the bacteria excrete into the culture medium a factor that causes root hair deformation. This deformation factor stimulates the expression of the RH-44 gene but does not induce the expression of the gene encoding RH-42.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00020501
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phytochrome control of multiple transcripts of the phytochrome gene in Pisum sativum (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 12 (1989), S. 295-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: gene expression ; multiple transcripts ; phytochrome ; Pisum sativum ; red/far-red reversible effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The reversible effect of red and far-red light on the level of two RNA transcripts of the single-copy phytochrome gene in pea was investigated using the primer extension assay. In dark-grown seedlings, a brief irradiation with red light markedly reduced the level of one of the phytochrome transcripts, RNA1. This red light effect was reversed by subsequent irradiation with far-red light. The other phytochrome transcript, RNA2, was only slightly influenced by light. In light-grown seedlings, a brief irradiation with far-red light increased the content of both RNA1 and RNA2 when the seedlings were transferred from light to darkness. This far-red light effect was reversible by subsequent red light irradiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00043206
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and expression of the maize gene encoding the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase isozyme involved in C4 photosynthesis (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 12 (1989), S. 579-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: C4 photosynthesis ; gene structure ; gene expression ; genetic variation ; silent substitution ; Zea mays
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have determined the structure of the maize (Zea mays L. subsp.mays line B73) nuclear gene encoding the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase isozyme involved in C4 photosynthesis. The gene is 5.3 kb long and has ten exons that range in size from 85 to 999 bp. The nine introns vary from 97 to 872 bp. The sequence of 663 bp of 5′-flanking and 205 bp of 3′-flanking DNA is reported along with the entire gene sequence. Several short repetitive sequences were found in the 5′-flanking DNA that have characteristics similar to elements important in the light regulation of pea genes encoding the small subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. In addition, some 5′-flanking sequence similarities were found in a comparison with other light-regulated genes from maize and wheat. The level of DNA sequence variation among different PEP carboxylase alleles is similar to the allelic variation observed for several other maize nuclear genes. The data suggest modern maize variaties have retained much of the genetic variation present in their ancestral forms. Finally, accumulation of transcripts encoding the PEP carboxylase isozyme involved in C4 photosynthesis is quite high in several structures besides leaves, including inner leaf sheaths, tassels and husks. This indicates that expression of this gene is not leaf-specific and may not necessarily be coupled to the development of Kranz anatomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036971
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The bifunctional α-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor of barley: nucleotide sequence and patterns of seed-specific expression (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 12 (1989), S. 673-682 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: amylase inhibitor ; barley ; cDNA sequence ; gene expression ; hormonal regulation ; protease inhibitor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We have cloned and sequenced a full-length cDNA from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seeds encoding the bifunctional α-amylase/subtilisin inhibitor (BASI). The nucleotide sequence predicts an open reading frame coding for a protein of 203 amino acids. The first 22 amino acids exhibit the sequence characteristic of a signal peptide, as found in several other plant protease inhibitors. Northern blot hybridization experiments indicate that BASI mRNA accumulation is strictly tissue-specific and is developmentally programmed. BASI mRNA transcripts were only identified in 1) developing starchy endosperm tissue from 14 days after flowering and 2) aleurone tissue of germinating seeds. In this latter tissue, BASI mRNA accumulation is enhanced by abscisic acid and abolished by gibberellic acid. Expression of BASI mRNA was also studied in the lys 3a high-lysine barley mutants Risø No. 1508 and Piggy. These high-lysine barleys show 2–4-fold higher levels as well as prolonged accumulation of BASI mRNA compared to the normal motherline Bomi. This correlates with the increased deposition of BASI protein in lys 3a barley mutants. Genomic blot analysis of barley DNA suggests that there are one or two BASI structural genes per haploid genome. Possible roles of BASI as part of a defence mechanism against precocious germination and pathogens are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00044158
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of cadmium on gene expression in cadmium-tolerant and cadmium-sensitiveDatura innoxia cells (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 12 (1989), S. 487-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cadmium ; Datura innoxia ; gene expression ; heat shock ; tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of Cd on gene expression in suspension cultures of twoDatura innoxia cell lines with differing Cd tolerance was studied.In vivo labeling experiments using [3H] leucine showed that Cd induced the synthesis of a similar range of proteins in both cell lines at a concentration which will kill the sensitive but not the tolerant cells. Corresponding changes in levels of translatable mRNA were also observed. The induction of the synthesis of proteins by Cd was transient since Cd-tolerant cells growing continuously in 250 μM CdCl2 contained a similar set ofin vitro translation products to cells growing in the absence of Cd. Although Cd had a similar effect on gene expression in both cell lines, Cd-tolerant cells possess two abundant mRNAs which are constitutively produced. These mRNAs encode proteins of low molecular weight (about 11 kDa) and are either absent or present at a low level in Cd-sensitive cells. The functions of these proteins are not known but they may be involved in the tolerance mechanism. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis ofin vitro translation products showed that many of the Cd-induced proteins are also induced by heat shock. A 42°C heat shock resulted in agreater range and more intense induction of translatable mRNAs than 4 h exposure to 250 μM CdCl2. However a subset of mRNAs were induced specifically by Cd while other mRNAs were heat shock-specific. There was no difference in the ability of the two cell lines to tolerate heat shock. This was also reflected by the same pattern of major proteins induced by heat shock in the two cell lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00036963
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of Anabaena ferredoxin genes in Escherichia coli (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 12 (1989), S. 667-672 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: ferredoxin ; gene expression ; heterocyst ; Anabaena 7120 ; Escherichia coli
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genes for ferredoxin from heterocysts (fdx H) and vegetative cells (pet F) of Anabaena sp. strain 7120 were subcloned into plasmid pUC 18/19. Both genes were expressed in Escherichia coli at high levels (≈10% of total protein). Pet F could be expressed from its own promoter. The ferredoxins were correctly assembled to the holoprotein. Heterocyst ferredoxin was purified from E. coli extracts on a large scale. Its biochemical and biophysical properties were identical to those of the authentic ferredoxin, isolated from Anabaena heterocysts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00044157
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation, characterization and sequence analysis of a full-length cDNA clone encoding NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase from cucumber (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 13 (1989), S. 139-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cDNA ; gene expression ; hydroxypyruvate reductase ; light regulation ; peroxisomal enzyme
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A full-length cDNA encoding NADH-dependent hydroxypyruvate reductase (HPR), a photorespiratory enzyme localized in leaf peroxisomes, was isolated from a λgt11 cDNA library made by reverse transcription of poly(A)+ RNA from cucumber cotyledons. In vitro transcription and translation of this clone yielded a major polypeptide which was identical in size, 43 kDA, to the product of in vitro translation of cotyledonary poly(A)+ RNA and subsequent immunoprecipitation with HPR antiserum. Escherichia coli cultures transformed with a plasmid construct containing the cDNA insert were induced to express HPR enzyme activity. RNA blot analysis showed that HPR transcript levels rise significantly in the first eight days of light-grown seedling development. This closely resembles the pattern seen for HPR-specific translatable mRNA. DNA blot analysis indicated that a single HPR gene is likely present per haploid genome. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 1146 bases which encodes a polypeptide with a calculated molecular weight of 41.7 kDa. The derived amino acid sequence from this open reading frame is 26% identical and 50% similar to the amino acid sequence of the E. coli enzyme phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase, which catalyzes a similar reaction and functions in a related pathway. Statistical analyses show that this similarity is significant (z〉10). The derived amino acid sequence for HPR also contains the characteristics of an NAD-binding domain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016133
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in gene expression in the rat brain induced by Zajdela's ascites hepatoma (1989)
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 108 (1989), S. 999-1001 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Keywords: brain ; gene expression ; mRNA ; transplantable hepatomas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00839794
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurons containing cholecystokinin mRNA in the mammillary region: ontogeny and adult distribution in the rat (1989)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 9 (1989), S. 281-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: cholecystokinin ; mammillary region ; development ; gene expression ; hybridization histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. The ontogeny and adult distribution of neurons containing cholecystokinin (CCK) mRNA in the premammillary and mammillary nuclei and supramammillary region of the rat brain were studied using hybridization histochemistry. 2. The earliest detection of CCK mRNA in the mammillary region was on E14, followed by a marked increase in transcript levels during the next 4 days, a time during which neurons in this region still divide. During the first 2 weeks of life, few changes in the levels of CCK transcripts were seen, and an adult-like pattern of expression was seen on the twenty-first day of life. 3. Low levels of transcripts were present in numerous neurons located in all divisions of the medial nucleus and in the posterior nucleus known to project ipsilaterally to the anteroventral and anteromedial thalamic nuclei. In contrast, none of the neurons in the lateral nucleus (projecting bilaterally to the anterodorsal thalamic nucleus) had detectable transcripts. 4. Many neurons in the supramammillary nucleus had low, moderate, or high levels of transcripts. Some nearby nuclei (such as the dorsal premammillary nucleus) had smaller numbers of neurons with low levels of CCK mRNA, whereas others (such as the ventral premammillary nucleus) had none.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00713035
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional mapping of the activity of the R region in the human T-cell leukemia virus type I long terminal repeat to increase gene expression (1989)
    Springer
    Virus genes 2 (1989), S. 147-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-994X
    Keywords: BAL31 nuclease ; CAT assay ; gene expression ; HTLV-I ; R region ; 5′ untranslated sequence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We previously demonstrated the activity of the R fragment in the long terminal repeat of human T-cell leukemia virus type I for elevation of the level of gene expression. In this study, the fragment was deleted with BAL31 nuclease to determine its functional domain. Series of the shortened R fragments were linked to the simian virus 40 promoter unit, which regulated expression of a reporter gene. Examination with the R fragments deleted from the 5′ and 3′ ends showed that borders of the functional domain were mapped within nucleotide positions 458 to 473 for the 5′ end and nucleotide positions 559 to 594 for the 3′ end, respectively. Thus we conclude that a 136-base-pair fragment corresponding to the second half of the R region was sufficient to allow elevation of the level of gene expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315258
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenotypic effects of overexpression of PKCβ1 in rat liver epithelial cells (1989)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 41 (1989), S. 179-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: protein kinase C ; TPA ; cell transformation ; gene expression ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have used a previously described retroviral expression vector pMV7-PKCβ1 to develop derivatives of two rat liver epithelial cell lines, K16 and K22, that stably express about tenfold-higher PKC activity than control cells. Despite these high levels of PKC, these cells did not exhibit gross morphologic changes, anchorage-independent growth, or tumorigenicity. K16PKC-4 and K22PKC-2, two lines with the highest PKC enzyme activity, were studied further in terms of several responses to the phorbol ester tumor promoter TPA. When treated with 100 ng/ml of TPA, the control K16MV7 and K22MV7 cells displayed a slight change in morphology, whereas the K16PKC-4 and K22PKC-2 cells displayed a marked change in morphology. Northern blot analyses demonstrated that TPA induced increased levels of fos, myc, phorbin, and ODC RNAs in control K16MV7 and K22MV7 cells, with maximum induction occurring at about 0.5, 1, 8, and 8 h, respectively. In K16PKC-4 and K22PKC-2 cells, TPA induction of phorbin and ODC RNAs was markedly enhanced, but this was not the case for myc and fos RNAs. In addition, the levels of myc RNA were constitutively higher in both K16PKC-4 and K22PKC-2 cells than in the control cells. Taken together, these results provide direct evidence that PKC plays a critical role in modulating the expression of myc, phorbin, and ODC RNAs. On the other hand, overexpression of PKCβ1 is not itself sufficient to cause cell transformation.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240410403
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