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  • 1990-1994  (5)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1920-1924
  • 1890-1899
  • 1990  (5)
  • genetic engineering
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetically engineered herbicide resistance, part two (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of agricultural and environmental ethics 3 (1990), S. 114-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-322X
    Keywords: genetic engineering ; herbicide resistance ; herbicide tolerant crops ; agricultural ethics ; morality ; values ; justice ; sustainable agriculture ; alternative agriculture ; socio-economic effects ; weeds ; biotechnology ; agribusiness ; family farms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract Should we continue to support publicly funded research on genetically engineered herbicide resistant crops? In Part One, I discussed the difference between science and ethics, presented a brief history of weed control, and explained three moral principles undergirding my environmentalist perspective. I then argued that unqualified endorsement (E) of the research is unjustified, as is unqualified opposition (O). In Part Two, I argue against qualified endorsement (QE), and for qualified opposition (QO).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02014610
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histochemical analysis of CaMV 35S promoter-β-glucuronidase gene expression in transgenic rice plants (1990)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 15 (1990), S. 527-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: β-glucuronidase ; CaMV 35S promoter ; genetic engineering ; immunohistochemistry ; Oryza sativa ; transgenic rice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cauliflower mosaic virus promoter is commonly used to drive transcription of chimeric genes in transgenic plants, including the cereals. To determine the tissue and cell types of cereal plants that the promoter functions in, transgenic rice plants containing a CaMV 35S promoter/GUS chimeric gene were analyzed for GUS activity. Insertion of a 35S/GUS chimeric gene at low copy number into chromosomal DNA of plants regenerated from electroporated protoplasts was confirmed by gel blot hybridization analysis of uncut and endonuclease-digested DNA. Quantitative measurement showed that GUS activity was some tenfold higher in rice leaves than in tobacco leaves [8] whereas activities obtained for rice roots were similar to those reported for tobacco roots. Histochemical localization of GUS activity confirmed that the CaMV 35S promoter functions in cells of the leaf epidermis, mesophyll and vascular bundle. It is also active in the cortex and vascular cylinder of the root, but only marginally active in the root epidermis. The generally similar distribution and levels of GUS activity obtained in differentiated tissue of stably transformed rice plants indicates the value of the CaMV 35S promoter as a positive control for studies in gene activity in transgenic monocots and dicots.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00017828
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformed plants with elevated levels of chloroplastic SOD are not more resistant to superoxide toxicity (1990)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 14 (1990), S. 501-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: chloroplast SOD ; paraquat ; stress ; genetic engineering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The petunia nuclear gene which encodes the chloroplast isozyme of superoxide dismutase, SOD-1, has been fused with an efficient rbcS promoter fragment and 3′ flanking region and introduced into tobacco and tomato cells. Transformed plants carrying this chimeric gene have up to 50-fold the levels of SOD-1 which occur in wild-type plants. However, tobacco plants with 30-to 50-fold the normal SOD-1 activity do not exhibit resistance to the light-activated herbicide paraquat. Similarly, tomato plants with 2-to 4-fold increases in SOD-1 do not exhibit tolerance to photoinhibitory conditions known to increase superoxide levels (high light, low temperatures and low CO2 concentrations). Our data indicate that increasing the chloroplastic SOD level in a plant cell is not sufficient to reduce the toxicity of superoxide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027496
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parasexual fusion products in green algae: Enteromorpha and Ulvaria (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) (1990)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 204-205 (1990), S. 151-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Enteromorpha ; genetic engineering ; micro spectrophotometry ; parasexual fusion ; seaweeds ; Ulvaria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Enteromorpha linza and Ulvaria oxysperma in North Carolina reproduce exclusively by asexual zoospores. Calcofluor white staining indicated that newly released zoospores lack significant cellulose cell wall material, making them suitable for treatment as protoplasts in a parasexual fusion process using high pH-Ca2+, PEG and centrifugation. Presumptive fusion products were identified by their larger size, twin chloroplasts and eyespots, and presence of fluorescence labelled and unlabelled portions. Parasexual fusion and karyogamy were confirmed by elevated levels of nuclear DNA in fusion cell germlings. In addition, aceto-orcein staining of fusion cell products revealed a diploid chromosome complement of 2N = 20 in Enteromorpha linza. Fusion cells were isolated by killing the more numerous adjacent unfused zoospores with 2-3 min exposure to blue light (410–490 nm). Unexposed fusion cells could be readily distinguished and recovered by micropipette at the 10-day stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040227
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New reproductive technologies in the treatment of human infertility and genetic disease (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical medicine and bioethics 11 (1990), S. 103-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1200
    Keywords: genetic engineering ; human embryos ; medical ethics ; medical technology ; in vitro fertilization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract In this paper I will discuss three areas in which advances in human reproductive technology could occur, their uses and abuses, and their effects on society. First is the potential to drastically increase the success rate and availability of in vitro fertilization and embryo freezing. Second is the ability to perform biopsies on embryos prior to the onset of pregnancy. Finally, I will consider the adding or altering of genes in embryos, commonly referred to as “genetic engineering”. As new reproductive technologies pass from experimental models into the potential for medical utilization, I believe that it will be important for lawmakers everywhere to avoid the impulse to outlaw procedures that a society believes to be ‘unnatural’ at a first glance. Rather, I would hope that they can respond thoughtfully with legislation that serves two purposes — to protect the rights of couples to overcome infertility or to reduce the risk of genetic disease in their children-to-be, and more importantly, to protect children-to-be from the abuses that could result from some of the practices that I will discuss.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00489454
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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