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  • 2005-2009
  • 1995-1999  (8)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1890-1899
  • 1995  (8)
  • somaclonal variation
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Selection of somaclonal variants with low-temperature germinability in melon (Cucumis melo L.) (1995)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 14 (1995), S. 684-688 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Cucumis mel ; somaclonal variation ; low-temperature ; selection ; germinability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Plants were regenerated from adventitious buds and somatic embryos (R0) of melon (Cucumis melo L.), the cultivar Andes. Somaclonal variants of melon with low temperature germinability were selected from the progenies (R1) of R0 plants. Among 5,618 R1 seeds harvested from 23 R0 plants that were regenerated from adventitious buds 4 seeds germinated after 5 days of culture at 15 °C (selection rate; 0.07%). However, among 374 R2 seeds harvested from 2 R1 plants no seed germinated after 7 days of culture at 14 °C. Among 9,181 R1 seeds harvested from 50 R0 plants regenerated from somatic embryos 110 seeds germinated after 5 days of culture at 15 °C (selection rate; 1.20%). Among 3,717 R2 seeds harvested from 17 R1 plants 113 seeds germinated after 7 days of culture at 14 °C (selection rate; 3.04%). R3 seeds were collected from these R2 plants following self-pollination. Forty-five of the 47 lines (R3) originated from 10 R0 plants showed higher germination rates than that of the original cultivar. Selected lines with low-temperature germinability showed greater fruit growth rate than the original cultivar during the middle stage when they were cultivated in a greenhouse under low-temperature conditions. Of fruits harvested from 31 lines, 15 lines showed greater fruit volume than the original cultivar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232647
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of Chinese Spring regenerants obtained from short- and long-term wheat somatic embryogenesis (1995)
    Springer
    Euphytica 82 (1995), S. 263-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: somaclonal variation ; somatic embryogenesis ; tissue culture ; wheat ; Triticum aestivum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Somatic embryogenesis was initiated from ‘immature embryos’ on Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium plus 2 mg.l-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2% sucrose and 0.6% agarose. Somatic embryos were isolated and regenerated into whole green plants on MS medium devoid of 2,4-D. These regenerants were previously demonstrated to differ in their mitochondrial DNA organization. In order to estimate their characteristics three progenies of short-term culture regenerants and three progenies of long-term culture regenerants were analyzed and compared to the parental line. These somaclones obtained from the wheat variety Chinese Spring were evaluated for variation of 13 agronomic and morphological quantitative characters in comparison to the parental line. Significant variation was observed for plant height, spike length, main tiller diameter, between the somaclones regenerated from long-term culture and their parent. Differences were observed to increase with the duration of culture, leading to a significant modification of the structure of the plants. Several changes occurred during the somatic tissue cultures, but to a lesser extent than has previously been described in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029569
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant regeneration from barley callus: Effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and phenylacetic acid (1995)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 43 (1995), S. 229-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Albinism ; Hordeum vulgare L. ; somaclonal variation ; totipotency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The use of the synthetic auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) has played an important role in the production and maintenance of totipotent cereal callus. However, 2,4-d has been implicated in the loss of totipotency from barley callus. To examine the effect of 2,4-d on barley callus, regenerability and karyotype were examined over time as influenced by cultivar differences and 2,4-d levels, during a period in which initially vigorous plant regeneration typically declines dramatically. Higher (20.4–27.1 μM) versus lower (6.8–13.6 μM) concentrations of 2,4-d were positively associated with the number of green plantlets recovered from calli maintained for 10 and 16 weeks before transfer to regeneration media, and with the longevity of regenerability. There was a positive relationship between 2,4-d concentration and normal karyotype. We also investigated the use of phenylacetic acid for the initiation of regenerable barley callus. Very poor callus growth and plant regeneration was supported by phenylacetic acid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00039949
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of endogenous gibberellins in dwarf and giant off-types banana (Musa AAA, cv.‘Grand nain’) plants from in vitro propagation (1995)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 17 (1995), S. 219-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: Gibberellin ; in vitro propagation ; Musa, quantification ; somaclonal variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract GA3 and GA20 were quantified in leaf extracts from true-to-type and somaclonal variants (dwarf and giant) of Musa AAA cv. ‘Grand nain’ by GC-MS-SIM after purification on reverse- and normal-phase HPLC and detection by ELISA with GA3 antibodies and by a dwarf rice bioassay. GA3 concentration in dwarf plants was 811 ng g−1 dry weight. For normal and giant plants, the endogeneous GA3 levels were respectively 3.6 and 4.6 times higher. The GA20 concentration in the giant plant was 68 ng g−1 of dry weight. This concentration was, respectively, 4.6 and 7.3 times higher than those of normal and dwarf plants. These results suggest that the somaclonal variations affecting banana plant height are associated with modifications in GA metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024729
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation, culture and regeneration of protoplasts from birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) (1995)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 41 (1995), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: birdsfoot trefoil ; cotyledonous protoplasts ; Lotus corniculatus L. cv. Leo ; pretreatment ; regeneration ; somaclonal variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A method was developed for rapid plant regeneration from protoplasts of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L. cv. Leo). Green cotyledons from in vitro grown seedlings were preplasmolyzed in CPW salts containing 13% mannitol (CPW 13 M) for 1 h prior to the enzyme treatment. The enzyme formula consisted of 2% (w/v) Onozuka Cellulase R-10, 1% (w/v) Macerase and 0.1% (w/v) Pectolyase Y-23 in CPW 13 M. This method produced high yields of viable protoplasts after purification. The procedure is reproducible and takes approximately 2.5 months from protoplast isolation to plantlet establishment in a greenhouse. More than 100 plantlets were grown in soil. Two somaclonal variants, a chimeric plant for chlorophyll production and an albino cell line, have been obtained by this procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00124081
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tissue culture and micropropagation of Cuphea ericoides, a potential source of medium-chain fatty acids (1995)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 40 (1995), S. 187-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: propagation ; somaclonal variation ; triglycerides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Plant rgeneration occurred on leaf-and stem-derived callus of Cuphea ericoides Cham. & Schlechtd obtained in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with auxins [indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d)] plus cytokinins [6-benzyladenine (BA) or kinetin]. These calluses were subcultured and showed vigorous growth. When subcultured on medium containing 2.22 or 4.44 μM BA, the calluses showed profuse regeneration of shoots whereas those subcultured on medium supplemented with 2.69 μM NAA or 0.226 μM 2,4-d produced numerous roots. Isolated shoots rooted on Murashige and Skoog medium lacking growth regulators or containing 0.54 μM NAA or 0.49 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Plantlets were acclimatized to greenhouse conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037674
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glyphosate tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.). 2. Selection and characterization of a tolerant somaclone (1995)
    Springer
    Euphytica 82 (1995), S. 165-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: glyphosate ; herbicide tolerance ; non-target effects ; somaclonal variation ; Zea mays ; maize
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The progeny of 104 regenerated maize plants were screened for tolerance to the safe broad-spectrum herbicide glyphosate during seed germination and early growth. Seven somaclones showed varying degrees of resistance to the application of the herbicide at 1.2 mM (0.1 kg a.i. in 400 1 ha-1 of water). Plants capable of a normal growth following treatment with 2.4 mM (0.2 kg ha-1) glyphosate at the three leaf stage were selfed, and their progeny analyzed. A family able to tolerate the exposure to glyphosate at 2.4 mM was isolated and shown to maintain a photosynthetic rate comparable with control after the application of the herbicide. The selfed progeny of the tolerant somaclone was characterized as to the properties of two targets of glyphosate, the shikimate pathway enzymes 5-enol-pyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase and 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase. In vitro tests ruled out the possibility that the tolerance was due to altered forms of these enzymes. Families showed significant variability with regard to EPSP and DAHP synthase levels, measured at different stages during seedling growth; however, not even these traits were correlated with in vivo response to glyphosate. The possible role of other physiological processes in determining the increased tolerance to the herbicide is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027063
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatic embryogenesis for agricultural improvement (1995)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 11 (1995), S. 416-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Genetic transformation ; micropropagation ; somaclonal variation ; synthetic seed
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Many important food and fibre crops have attained close to their maximum yields as a result of conventional breeding approaches and advances in agronomic and horticultural practices. The manipulation of cell and tissue cultures to produce somatic embryos efficiently is one of the keystones of the new technologies that will greatly alter the way crops are planted (as synthetic seed) and genetically altered in the future. Gene transfer into embryogenic plant cells is already challenging conventional plant breeding, and has become an indispensable tool for crop improvement. This review provides a current assessment of the impact of somatic embryogenesis in agriculture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00364617
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