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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shoot regeneration in long-term callus cultures derived from mature flowering plants of Cyclamen persicum Mill. (1996)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 15 (1996), S. 545-548 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Primulaceae ; tissue culture ; regeneration ; somaclonal variation ; organogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In long-term callus cultures of Cyclamen persicum Mill. two types of tissue could be distinguished. One type featured a brown suberised outer layer and was poorly organogenic. The other type was yellowish in appearance and gave rise to many shoot buds. Both types co-existed on the same callus, the former prevailing. Selection for organogenic tissue resulted in cultures yielding approximately three times more petioles than random subcultures. Callus-derived shoots could be rooted and established in the greenhouse. The method allowed for the production of thousands of plants but the regenerants often showed deviant phenotypes and genotypes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232991
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for genomic changes in transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) recovered from protoplasts (1996)
    Springer
    Transgenic research 5 (1996), S. 97-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9368
    Keywords: Transgenic rice ; PCR-RAPD ; arbitrary DNA primers ; genomic changes ; somaclonal variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The occurrence of genomic modifications in transgenic rice plants recovered from protoplasts and their transmission to the self-pollination progeny has been verfied with the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) approach. The plant was the Indica-type rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Chinsurah Boro II. The analysed material was: (1) microspore-derived embryogenic rice cells grown in suspension culture, (2) transgenic plants recovered from protoplasts produced from the cultured cells and (3) the self-pollination progeny (two successive generations) of the transgenic plants. DNA purified from samples of these materials was PCR-amplified with different random oligonucleotide primers and the amplification products were analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Band polymorphism was scored and used in band-sharing analyses to produce a similarity matrix. Relationships among the analysed genomes were expressed in a dendrogram. The extensive DNA changes evidenced in cultured cells demonstrate the occurrence of somaclonal variation in the material used to produce protoplasts for gene transfer. Quantitatively reduced DNA changes were also found in the resulting transgenic plants and i their self-pollination progenies. While confirming the stability of the foreign gene in transgenic plants, this work gives molecular evidence for the occurrence of stable genomic changes in transgenic plants and points toin vitro cell culture as the causative agent. RAPDs are shown to be a convenient tool to detect and estimate the phenomenon at the molecular level. The methodology is also proposed as a fast tool to select those transgenic individuals that retain the most balanced genomic structure and to control the result of back-crosses planned to restore the original genome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01969427
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro culture selection increases glyphosate tolerance in barley (1996)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 46 (1996), S. 179-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: cereal ; herbicide-tolerance ; Hordeum vulgare ; somaclonal variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In vitro culture of barley calluses has been used to produce plants with increased glyphosate tolerance. Calluses from immature embryos of barleyHordeum vulgare L. (‘Jeff’) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium with 10-6, 10-5, 10-4, 5×10-4, 10-3, or 10-2M glyphosate for one, four or thirty months. Plants were regenerated from calluses maintained in glyphosate medium at 10-6, 10-5 or 10-4M for four months, at 10-5 or 5×10-4M for one month and at 10-5M for thirty months. The progeny of each regenerated plant was analyzed for response to glyphosate. Some progenies showed increased tolerance to glyphosate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02307093
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of natural and induced genetic variation in Alstroemeria using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 90 (1996), S. 235-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Alstroemeria ; genetic fingerprinting ; RAPD ; somaclonal variation ; alstroemeria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary We have used random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to study genetic variation in Alstroemeria. The first objective was to examine the discriminatory power of RAPD markers in different genotypes of Alstroemeria obtained by traditional breeding. All genotypes examined, including commercial Alstroemeria varieties, could be distinguished on the basis of their RAPD profiles. Progeny plants could be distinguished from their parents. A second objective of this study was to investigate whether RAPD markers can be used as a routine tool to detect mutant plants, as an alternative to glasshouse testing. To address this objective, we analysed Alstroemeria plants that carried phenotypically visible mutations that either were induced by irradiation using X-rays or were the result of somaclonal variation. In eight out of a total of 13 mutant Alstroemeria plants obtained after irradiation or tissue culture we detected no polymorphisms when compared to control plants that were considered to be non-mutated. Only in five of the mutant plants analysed we detected one to two polymorphisms. These results suggest that frequent genome rearrangements had not occurred in the mutant plants analysed. These results also demonstrate that the RAPD technique is an inappropriate tool for the rapid screening of Alstroemeria for induced variation. It that the RAPD technique is an inappropriate tool for the rapid screening of Alstroemeria for induced variation. It seems probable that this conclusion would be equally applicable in other plant genera in which induced variation has occurred. However, the RAPD technique is a simple and effective tool for genetic fingerprinting of Alstroemeria varieties, provided their differences are due to sexual propagation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023864
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro techniques for selecting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for Fusarium-resistance. II. Culture filtrate technique and inheritance of Fusarium-resistance in the somaclones (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 91 (1996), S. 341-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Fusarium resistance ; Fusarium spp. ; wheat ; Triticum aestivum ; culture filtrate ; in vitro selection ; somaclonal variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Calli of resistant, intermediary and susceptible wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties were selected using culture filtrates of Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum and the regenerants were evaluated for resistance up to R3. Czapek-Dox broth medium was inoculated with mycelia of Fusarium isolates and incubated for 2–6 weeks. Filtrates were added to MS callus growing medium, then 5 weeks-old calli were transferred onto this medium (MST) for 4–5 weeks. MST containing 30% filtrate was found to be suitable for selection. Resistant calli were transferred again to fresh MST for further two selection cycles. The surviving calli produced less fertile regenerated lines (R0) than the non-selected ones. Among 18 R1 lines tested for Fusarium-resistance in the seedling stage by artificial inoculation in the greenhouse, two (11.1%) were significantly more resistant, one (5.6%) was more susceptible than the original cultivar and the rest (83.3%) behaved similarly to the donor plants. Among unselected R3 lines of three varieties, practically the same number of resistant plants were found as among the related selected ones. When the R3 selfed generations obtained through double-layer and culture filtrate selection techniques were tested for Fusarium-resistance, 35.7% of the lines were found to be more resistant than the original cultivars, none was more susceptible and 64.3% had a reaction similar to that of the source materials. Thus, inheritance of the disease reaction was not stable in all cases. Success of in vitro selection for Fusarium-resistance depended also on the genotype, and toxin analysis showed that although being effective, the selective media contained deoxynivalenol only exceptionally. In selecting wheat for Fusarium-resistance in vitro, the culture filtrate technique proved better than the double-layer procedure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00033096
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