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  • 2015-2019  (2)
  • 2010-2014  (405)
  • 2005-2009  (2)
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  • 2013  (405)
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Year
Language
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters B 294 (1992), S. 466-478 
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters B 317 (1993), S. 474-484 
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    E-Resource
    E-Resource
    München :Linux New Media, ; 2010(2011) - 2013(2014); damit Ersch. eingest.
    Title: Admin : Netzwerk & Security; Jahres-DVD : der komplette Jahrgang ... auf einer DVD, Elektronische Ressource
    Publisher: München :Linux New Media,
    Year of publication: 2011-2014
    Dates of Publication: 2010(2011) - 2013(2014); damit Ersch. eingest.
    Pages: DVDs
    ISSN: 2191-4494 , 2191-4494
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Language: German
    Former Title: Hauptsacht. vom Behältnis
    Note: Periodizität: jährl.
    Parallel Title: Admin
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We introduce a new variant of the connected facility location problem that allows for modeling mixed deployment strategies (FTTC/FTTB/FTTH) in the design of local access telecommunication networks. Several mixed integer programming models and valid inequalities are presented. Computational studies on realistic instances from three towns in Germany are provided.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: This paper presents efficient computational techniques for solving an optimization problem in cardiac defibrillation governed by the monodomain equations. Time-dependent electrical currents injected at different spatial positions act as the control. Inexact Newton-CG methods are used, with reduced gradient computation by adjoint solves. In order to reduce the computational complexity, adaptive mesh refinement for state and adjoint equations is performed. To reduce the high storage and bandwidth demand imposed by adjoint gradient and Hessian-vector evaluations, a lossy compression technique for storing trajectory data is applied. An adaptive choice of quantization tolerance based on error estimates is developed in order to ensure convergence. The efficiency of the proposed approach is demonstrated on numerical examples.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-01-29
    Description: Spectral deferred correction methods for solving stiff ODEs are known to converge rapidly towards the collocation limit solution on equidistant grids, but show a much less favourable contraction on non-equidistant grids such as Radau-IIa points. We interprete SDC methods as fixed point iterations for the collocation system and propose new DIRK-type sweeps for stiff problems based on purely linear algebraic considerations. Good convergence is recovered also on non-equidistant grids. The properties of different variants are explored on a couple of numerical examples.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: The System Dynamics (SD) methodology is a framework for modeling and simulating the dynamic behavior of socioeconomic systems. Characteristic for the description of such systems is the occurrence of feedback loops together with stocks and flows. The mathematical equations that describe the system are usually ordinary differential equations and nonlinear algebraic constraints. Therefore seemingly simple systems can show a nonintuitive, unpredictable behavior over time. Controlling a dynamical system means to specify potential interventions from outside that should keep the system on the desired track, and to define an evaluation schema to compare different controls among each other, so that a "best" control can be defined in a meaningful way. The central question is how to compute such globally optimal control for a given SD model, that allows the transition of the system into a desired state with minimum effort. We propose a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) reformulation of the System Dynamics Optimization (SDO) problem. MINLP problems can be solved by linear programming based branch-and-bound approach. We demonstrate that standard MINLP solvers are not able to solve SDO problem. To overcome this obstacle, we introduce a special-tailored bound propagation method. We apply our new method to a predator-prey model with additional hunting activity as control, and to a mini-world model with the consumption level as control. Numerical results for these test cases are presented.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2020-12-14
    Description: Potassium is fundamental for cell functioning including signal transduction, acid-base- and water-metabolism. Since diet of dairy cows is generally rich in potassium, hypokalemia was not in the focus of research for long time. Furthermore, hypokalemia was not frequently diagnosed because blood potassium content is difficult to measure. In recent years, measurement methods have been improved. Nowadays hypokalemia is increasingly diagnosed in cows with disorders such as abomasal displacement, ketosis or down cow syndrome, calling for intensified research on this topic. In this report we describe the development of a basic mechanistic, dynamic model of potassium balance based on ordinary differential and algebraic equations. Parameter values are obtained from data of a clinical trial in which potassium balance and the influence of therapeutic intervention in glucose and electrolyte metabolism on potassium balance in non-lactating dairy cows were studied. The model is formulated at a high abstraction level and includes information and hypotheses from literature. This work represents a first step towards the understanding and design of effective prophylactic feed additives and treatment strategies.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: This is a technical report for the SCIP constraint handler cons_bivariate. We describe a cut-generation algorithm for a class of bivariate twice continuously differentiable functions with fixed convexity behavior over a box. Computational results comparing our cut-generation algorithms with state-of-the-art global optimization software on a series of randomly generated test instances are reported and discussed.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/x-gzip
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We provide a computational study of the performance of a state-of-the-art solver for nonconvex mixed-integer quadratically constrained programs (MIQCPs). Since successful general-purpose solvers for large problem classes necessarily comprise a variety of algorithmic techniques, we focus especially on the impact of the individual solver components. The solver SCIP used for the experiments implements a branch-and-cut algorithm based on a linear relaxation to solve MIQCPs to global optimality. Our analysis is based on a set of 86 publicly available test instances.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 11
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    Unknown
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: For mixed integer programming, recent years have seen a growing interest in the design of general purpose primal heuristics for use inside complete solvers. Many of these heuristics rely on an optimal LP solution. Finding this may itself take a significant amount of time. The presented paper addresses this issue by the introduction of the Shift-And-Propagate heuristic. Shift-And-Propagate is a pre-root primal heuristic that does not require a previously found LP solution. It applies domain propagation techniques to quickly drive a variable assignment towards feasibility. Computational experiments indicate that this heuristic is a powerful supplement of existing rounding and propagation heuristics.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We consider a nonlinear nonconvex network flow problem that arises, for example, in natural gas or water transmission networks. Given is such network with active and passive components, that is, valves, compressors, pressure regulators (active) and pipelines (passive), and a desired amount of flow at certain specified entry and exit nodes of the network. Besides flow conservation constraints in the nodes the flow must fulfill nonlinear nonconvex pressure loss constraints on the arcs subject to potential values (i.e., pressure levels) in both end nodes of each arc. The problem is how to numerically compute this flow and pressures. We review an existing approach of Maugis (1977) and extend it to the case of networks with active elements (for example, compressors). We further examine different ways of relaxations for the nonlinear network flow model. We compare different approaches based on nonlinear optimization numerically on a set of test instances.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2020-03-11
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2019-01-24
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2019-01-24
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2019-01-24
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2020-05-06
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2019-01-24
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2019-01-24
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2019-01-24
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 21
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    Unknown
    Publication Date: 2021-01-21
    Description: Eines der größten Hindernisse beim praktischen Einsatz von Scalaris, einer skalierbaren Implementierung einer verteilten Hashtabelle mit Unterstützung für Transaktionen, ist das Fehlen eines Verfahrens zur Aufnahme eines konsistenten Zustandes des gesamten Systems. Wir stellen in dieser Arbeit ein einfaches Protokoll vor, dass diese Aufgabe erfüllt und sich, auf Grund der von uns gewählten Herangehensweise, leicht implementieren lässt. Als Ausgangspunkt dafür wählen wir aus einer Reihe von „klassischen“ Snapshot-Algorithmen ein 1993 von Mattern entworfenes Verfahren, welches auf dem Algorithmus von Lai und Yang basiert, aus. Diese Entscheidung basiert auf einer gründlichen Analyse der Protokolle unter Berücksichtigung der Architektur der existierenden Software. Im nächsten Arbeitsschritt benutzen wir unser vollständiges Wissen über die Interna des Transaktionssystems von Scalaris und vereinfachen damit das Verfahren hinsichtlich Benutzbarkeit und Implementierungskomplexität, ohne die Anforderungen an den aufgenommenen Zustand aufzuweichen. Statt einer losen Anhäufung lokaler Zustände der einzelnen Teilnehmerknoten können wir am Ende eine große Schlüssel-Wert-Tabelle als Ergebnis erzeugen, die konsistent ist, sich leicht weiterverarbeiten lässt und die einem Zustand entspricht, in dem sich das System einmal befunden haben könnte. Nachdem wir das Verfahren dann in Software umgesetzt haben, werten wir die Ergebnisse hinsichtlich des Einflusses auf die Performanz des Gesamtsystems aus und diskutieren mögliche Weiterentwicklungen.
    Language: German
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Let the design of an experiment be represented by an $s$-dimensional vector $\vec{w}$ of weights with non-negative components. Let the quality of $\vec{w}$ for the estimation of the parameters of the statistical model be measured by the criterion of $D$-optimality defined as the $m$-th root of the determinant of the information matrix $M(\vec{w})=\sum_{i=1}^s w_iA_iA_i^T$, where $A_i$, $i=1,...,s$, are known matrices with $m$ rows. In the paper, we show that the criterion of $D$-optimality is second-order cone representable. As a result, the method of second order cone programming can be used to compute an approximate $D$-optimal design with any system of linear constraints on the vector of weights. More importantly, the proposed characterization allows us to compute an \emph{exact} $D$-optimal design, which is possible thanks to high-quality branch-and-cut solvers specialized to solve mixed integer second order cone problems. We prove that some other widely used criteria are also second order cone representable, for instance the criteria of $A$-, and $G$-optimality, as well as the criteria of $D_K$- and $A_K$-optimality, which are extensions of $D$-, and $A$-optimality used in the case when only a specific system of linear combinations of parameters is of interest. We present several numerical examples demonstrating the efficiency and universality of the proposed method. We show that in many cases the mixed integer second order cone programming approach allows us to find a provably optimal exact design, while the standard heuristics systematically miss the optimum.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: „Ich mache ihm ein Angebot, das er nicht ablehnen kann.” Diese Aussage aus einem gänzlich anderen Kontext lässt sich recht treffend übertragen als Wunsch von Dienstleistern und Zweck von Dienstleistungen für Datenproduzenten im Forschungsdatenmanagement. Zwar wirkt Druck zur Datenübergabe nicht förderlich, die Eröffnung einer Option aber sehr wohl. Im vorliegenden Artikel geht es um das Verständnis der Nachhaltigkeit von Forschung und ihren Daten anhand der Erkenntnisse und Erfahrungen aus der ersten Phase des DFG-Projekts EWIG. [Fn 01] Eine Auswahl von Fallstricken beim Forschungsdatenmanagement wird anhand der Erkenntnisse aus Expertengesprächen und eigenen Erfahrungen beim Aufbau von LZA-Workflows vorgestellt. Erste Konzepte in EWIG zur Datenübertragung aus unterschiedlich strukturierten Datenquellen in die „Langfristige Domäne” werden beschrieben.
    Description: "I'm gonna make him an offer he can't refuse". This quote from a completely different context can be aptly rendered as a statement of service providers as well as the purpose of services for data producers in the field of research data management. Although pressure is not the leverage of choice if you want researchers to deposit their research data in some kind of repository, offering an option does the trick quite well. In this article we present some of the concepts for sustainability of research and its data from the first phase the of the project EWIG, funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. A selection of pitfalls in research data management is presented based on the findings from expert interviews and our own experiences in the construction of LTP workflows. First concepts in EWIG to transfer data from differently structured data sources into the "Permanent Domain" are described.
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Scientific conferences play an important role in almost all areas of today’s science and research. They offer a wide platform for international researchers and developers for communication and scientific exchange of current problems, experiences and knowledge in nearly all fields of research. Such conferences usually consist of talks about different topics that are given by authorized speakers. The planning process of a conference includes the creation of a scientific program schedule, that means a local and temporal allocation of all available talks. As the number of talks can grow into thousands for large-scale conferences, the conference scheduling becomes a complex challenge. Furthermore there exist a great bandwidth on various and individual requirements on the allocation of the talks. In this thesis we discuss the major problems that occur during the development of a conference schedule and provide a framework how proper conference schedules can be generated computationally. For that, we use Mixed-Integer-Programming techniques to find sched- ules that respect the difficult range of additional constraints. The basis of this thesis was the development of an optimized conference schedule of the International Symposium on Mathematical Programming 2012 (ISMP 2012) in Berlin, Germany. The ISMP is one of the largest conferences in the field of applied mathematics and mathematical optimization and constitutes a great attraction for in- ternational mathematicians and researchers. We will present our results based on the problem instance that we used for the ISMP 2012.
    Language: English
    Type: bachelorthesis , doc-type:bachelorThesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2021-02-01
    Description: We present an exact rational solver for mixed-integer linear programming that avoids the numerical inaccuracies inherent in the floating-point computations used by existing software. This allows the solver to be used for establishing theoretical results and in applications where correct solutions are critical due to legal and financial consequences. Our solver is a hybrid symbolic/numeric implementation of LP-based branch-and-bound, using numerically-safe methods for all binding computations in the search tree. Computing provably accurate solutions by dynamically choosing the fastest of several safe dual bounding methods depending on the structure of the instance, our exact solver is only moderately slower than an inexact floating-point branch-and-bound solver. The software is incorporated into the SCIP optimization framework, using the exact LP solver QSopt_ex and the GMP arithmetic library. Computational results are presented for a suite of test instances taken from the MIPLIB and Mittelmann libraries and for a new collection of numerically difficult instances.
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Language: German
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2016-06-30
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Language: English
    Type: incollection , doc-type:Other
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2021-01-21
    Language: English
    Type: other , doc-type:Other
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2021-01-22
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Language: English
    Type: other , doc-type:Other
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Language: English
    Type: other , doc-type:Other
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2021-01-21
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2019-01-24
    Language: English
    Type: conferenceobject , doc-type:conferenceObject
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Language: German
    Type: bachelorthesis , doc-type:bachelorThesis
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Language: German
    Type: bachelorthesis , doc-type:bachelorThesis
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Language: German
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Description: We propose the first, to our knowledge, coarse-grained modeling strategy for peptides where the effect of changes of the pH can be efficiently described. The idea is based on modeling the effects of the pH value on the main driving interactions. We use reference data from atomistic simulations and experimental databases and transfer their main physical features to the coarse-grained resolution according to the principle of “consistency across the scales”. The coarse-grained model is refined by finding a set of parameters that, when applied to peptides with different sequences and experimental properties, reproduces the experimental and atomistic data of reference. We use such a parameterized model for performing several numerical tests to check its transferability to other systems and to prove the universality of the related modeling strategy. We have tried systems with rather different responses to pH variations, showing a highly satisfactory performance of the model.
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: The System Dynamics (SD) methodology is a framework for modeling and simulating the dynamic behavior of socioeconomic systems. Characteristic for the description of such systems is the occurrence of feedback loops together with stocks and flows. The mathematical equations that describe the system are usually ordinary differential equations and nonlinear algebraic constraints. Seemingly simple systems can show a nonintuitive, unpredictable behavior over time. Controlling a dynamical system means to specify potential interventions from outside that should keep the system on the desired track, and to define an evaluation schema to compare different controls among each other, so that a ``best'' control can be defined in a meaningful way. The central question is how to compute such globally optimal control for a given SD model, that allows the transition of the system into a desired state with minimum effort. We propose a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) reformulation of the System Dynamics Optimization (SDO) problem. MINLP problems can be solved by linear programming based branch-and-bound approach. We demonstrate that standard MINLP solvers are not able to solve SDO problem. To overcome this obstacle, we introduce a special-tailored bound propagation method. Numerical results for these test cases are presented.
    Language: English
    Type: conferenceobject , doc-type:conferenceObject
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Recently, we compared the performance of mixed-integer programming (MIP), constraint programming (CP), and constraint integer programming (CIP) to a state-of-the-art logic-based Benders manual decomposition (LBBD) for a resource allocation/scheduling problem. For a simple linear relaxation, the LBBD and CIP models deliver comparable performance with MIP also performing well. Here we show that algorithmic developments in CIP plus the use of an existing tighter relaxation substantially improve one of the CIP approaches. Furthermore, the use of the same relaxation in LBBD and MIP models significantly improves their performance. While such a result is known for LBBD, to the best of our knowledge, the other results are novel. Our experiments show that both CIP and MIP approaches are competitive with LBBD in terms of the number of problems solved to proven optimality, though MIP is about three times slower on average. Further, unlike the LBBD and CIP approaches, the MIP model is able to obtain provably high-quality solutions for all problem instances.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Optimization-based bound tightening (OBBT) is a domain reduction technique commonly used in nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear programming that solves a sequence of auxiliary linear programs. Each variable is minimized and maximized to obtain the tightest bounds valid for a global linear relaxation. This paper shows how the dual solutions of the auxiliary linear programs can be used to learn what we call Lagrangian variable bound constraints. These are linear inequalities that explain OBBT's domain reductions in terms of the bounds on other variables and the objective value of the incumbent solution. Within a spatial branch-and-bound algorithm, they can be learnt a priori (during OBBT at the root node) and propagated within the search tree at very low computational cost. Experiments with an implementation inside the MINLP solver SCIP show that this reduces the number of branch-and-bound nodes and speeds up solution times.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We develop a generic System Dynamic model to simulate the production, machines, employees, waste, and capital flows of a manufacturing company. In a second step, this model is specialised by defining suit-able input data to represent a bicycle manufacturing company in a developing country. We monitor a set of sustainability indicators to understand the social, environmental and economic impact of the company, and to estimate managerial decisions to be taken in order to improve on these criteria. We show that the social and environmental situation can be improved over time without sacrificing the economic success of the company's business.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: In this paper we study the cost-optimal deployment of optical access networks considering variants of the problem such as fiber to the home (FTTH), fiber to the building (FTTB), fiber to the curb (FTTC), or fiber to the neighborhood (FTTN). We identify the combinatorial structures of the most important sub-problems arising in this area and model these, e.g., as capacitated facility location, concentrator location, or Steiner tree problems. We discuss modeling alternatives as well. We finally construct a “unified” integer programming model that combines all sub-models and provides a global view of all these FTTx problems. We also summarize computational studies of various special cases.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2016-06-30
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2020-05-13
    Language: English
    Type: conferenceobject , doc-type:conferenceObject
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2021-01-22
    Language: English
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2020-03-11
    Description: Knochenremodellierung beinhaltet den Auf- und Abbau der Knochenmasse durch die verschiedenen Knochenzellen und findet fast überall, auch am Skelett Erwachsener, statt. Für die Erneuerung der Knochensubstanz sind die Osteoblasten zuständig. Sie ersetzen exakt die Menge der Knochenmasse, welche zuvor durch Osteoklasten abgebaut wurde. Störungen dieses, durch viele Faktoren beeinflussten Prozesses führen zu pathologischen Veränderungen, beispielsweise zu Osteoporose oder Arthritis. Auf der Grundlage analysierter publizierter Modelle wurde ein Modell entwickelt, welches den Einfluss einiger dieser Faktoren realistisch abbildet. Auf diese Weise kann die Wirkung von basalem PTH, des RANKL-OPG-Systems ( RANKL: Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, OPG: Osteoprotegerin) und des Estradiols auf den Knochenstoffwechsel am vorgestellten System untersucht werden. Außerdem wurde durch Estradiolmangel hervorgerufene Osteoporose und der kurative Effekt von synthetischen Medikamenten wie Estradiol oder intermittierend verabreichtem PTH modelliert. Mit der Parameterschätzung anhand des Gauß-Newton-Verfahrens wird des Weiteren eine Methode vorgestellt, die es ermöglicht, mathematische Modelle bestmöglich durch Variation der Parameterwerte an experimentelle Daten anzupassen. Das am Zuse-Institut Berlin entwickelte Softwarepaket POEM wendet diesen Algorithmus an und wird ebenfalls erläutert.
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2017-11-15
    Description: Bei der numerischen Lösung von Optimalsteuerungsproblemen mit elliptischen partiellen Differentialgleichungen als Nebenbedingung treten unvermeidlich Diskretisierungs- und Iterationsfehler auf. Man ist aus Aufwandsgründen daran interessiert die dabei entstehenden Fehler nicht sehr klein wählen zu müssen. In der Folge werden die linearisierten Nebenbedingungen in einem Composite-Step-Verfahren nicht exakt erfüllt. In dieser Arbeit wird der Einfluss dieser Ungenauigkeit auf das Konvergenzverhalten von Newton-Lagrange-Verfahren untersucht. Dabei sollen mehrere einschlägige lokale Konvergenzresultate diskutiert werden. Anschließend wird ein konkretes Composite-Step-Verfahren formuliert, in dem die Genauigkeit der inneren Iterationsverfahren adaptiv gesteuert werden kann. Am Ende der Arbeit wird an zwei Musterproblemen die hohe Übereinstimmung der analytischen Voraussagen und der tatsächlichen Performanz der dargestellten Methoden demonstriert.
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2017-11-15
    Description: Dieser Bericht beschreibt in allgemein verständlicher Form die Struktur der Datenhaltung im Zuse‐Institut Berlin (ZIB) und die aktuell verwendeten Strategien im Umgang mit immer stärker wachsenden Datenmengen, sowie der Herausforderung der Speicherung unwiederbringlicher Daten über im Grunde unbegrenzte Zeit.
    Language: German
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We propose a novel extended formulation for the line planning problem in public transport. It is based on a new concept of frequency configurations that account for all possible options to provide a required transportation capacity on an infrastructure edge. We show that this model yields a strong LP relaxation. It implies, in particular, general classes of facet defining inequalities for the standard model.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Primal heuristics are an important component of state-of-the-art codes for mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP). In this article we give a compact overview of primal heuristics for MINLP that have been suggested in the literature of recent years. We sketch the fundamental concepts of different classes of heuristics and discuss specific implementations. A brief computational experiment shows that primal heuristics play a key role in achieving feasibility and finding good primal bounds within a global MINLP solver.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2020-03-20
    Description: Markov Decision Processes (MDP) or Partially Observable MDPs (POMDP) are used for modelling situations in which the evolution of a process is partly random and partly controllable. These MDP theories allow for computing the optimal control policy for processes that can continuously or frequently be observed, even if only partially. However, they cannot be applied if state observation is very costly and therefore rare (in time). We present a novel MDP theory for rare, costly observations and derive the corresponding Bellman equation. In the new theory, state information can be derived for a particular cost after certain, rather long time intervals. The resulting information costs enter into the total cost and thus into the optimization criterion. This approach applies to many real world problems, particularly in the medical context, where the medical condition is examined rather rarely because examination costs are high. At the same time, the approach allows for efficient numerical realization. We demonstrate the usefulness of the novel theory by determining, from the national economic perspective, optimal therapeutic policies for the treatment of the human immunodefficiency virus (HIV) in resource-rich and resource-poor settings. Based on the developed theory and models, we discover that available drugs may not be utilized efficiently in resource-poor settings due to exorbitant diagnostic costs.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2017-11-15
    Description: Current programming models for heterogeneous devices with disjoint physical memory spaces require explicit allocation of device memory and explicit data transfers. While it is quite easy to manually implement these operations for linear data objects like arrays, this task becomes more difficult for non-linear objects, e.g. linked lists or multiple inherited classes. The difficulties arise due to dynamic memory requirements at run-time and the dependencies between data structures. In this paper we present a novel method to build a graph-based static data type description which is used to create code for injectable functions that automatically determine the memory footprint of data objects at run-time. Our approach is extensible to implement automatically generated optimized data transfers across physical memory spaces.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2016-06-30
    Description: Verteilte Dateisysteme erlauben es zusätzliche Replikate von Dateien anzulegen, um Client-Zugriffe auf mehrere Server zu verteilen. Bei einer einheitlichen Festlegung des Replikationsfaktors für alle Dateien wird der beschränkte verfügbare Speicherplatz jedoch nicht effizient genutzt, da es nur einen geringen Anteil von Dateien gibt, die häufig angefragt werden, während die restlichen Dateien unnötig Speicherplatz belegen. Der erste Teil dieser Arbeit beschreibt daher ein Verfahren den Replikationsfaktor einer Datei in Abhängigkeit ihrer Popularität festzulegen. Im Kontext des verteilten Dateisystems XtreemFS wurde dazu ein zentraler Dienst für die dynamische Replikation implementiert und mit einem Trace simuliert. Die Auswertung zeigt, dass die popularitätsbasierte Anpassung ein geeignetes Verfahren ist den Replikationsfaktor dynamisch festzulegen, da bei einer wöchentlichen Ermittlung der Popularität weniger als durchschnittlich 3,1% zusätzliche Replikate angelegt wurden. Da der Dienst selbst nicht mit einer beliebigen Anzahl von Dateien skaliert, muss er in mehrere Partitionen unterteilt und dezentral ausgeführt werden. Darum entwickelt der zweite Teil der Arbeit eine dezentrale Variante des Dienstes und zeigt, dass der Replikationsfaktor identisch zum zentralen Fall festgelegt werden kann. Nur im Fall eines Netzwerkausfalls oder nicht synchronisierter lokaler Uhren tritt eine Abweichung der Replikationsfaktoren auf, deren Ausmaß in der Simulation untersucht wurde.
    Description: Distributed file systems allow the creation of additional file replicas in order to spread requests across several servers. However, setting a uniform number of replicas for every file would not utilize the available storage space in an efficient manner. As there are only few popular files, the majority of files would unnecessarily use up the limited space. Therefore the first part of this thesis presents a method to adjust the replication factor depending on the popularity of the files. This method was implemented as a central service for dynamic replication in the context of the distributed file system XtreemFS. The service was then simulated using a trace. A weekly observation of the popularity resulted in an average creation rate of 3.1% compared to all replicas. This shows that popularity-based adjustment is a feasible way to set the replication factor dynamically. As the service itself does not scale with the number of observed files, it needs to be partitioned and executed in a distributed manner. Therefore the second part of this thesis develops a distributed version of the service and shows that it determines replication factors equal to the result of the central version. However, the replication factor may vary if there is a network outage or a drift of the local clocks. The degree of variation was analyzed in simulations.
    Language: German
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Steiner trees are constructed to connect a set of terminal nodes in a graph. This basic version of the Steiner tree problem is idealized, but it can effectively guide the search for successful approaches to many relevant variants, from both a theoretical and a computational point of view. This article illustrates the theoretical and algorithmic progress on Steiner tree type problems on two examples, the Steiner connectivity and the Steiner tree packing problem.
    Language: English
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We provide an overview of our main results about studying Linear Programming Problems whose coefficient matrix is subject to uncertainty and the uncertainty is modeled through a multi-band set. Such an uncertainty set generalizes the classical one proposed by Bertsimas and Sim and is particularly suitable in the common case of arbitrary non-symmetric distributions of the parameters. Our investigations were inspired by practical needs of our industrial partner in ongoing projects with focus on the design of robust telecommunications networks.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: The rapid technological evolution of telecommunication networks demands service providers to regularly update their technology, with the aim of remaining competitive in the marketplace. However, upgrading the technology in a network is not a trivial task. New hardware components need to be installed in the network and during the installation network connectivity may be temporarily compromised. The Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology, whose upgrade is considered in here, shares fiber links among several optical connections and tearing down a single link may disrupt several optical connections at once. When the upgrades involve large parts of a network, typically not all links can be upgraded in parallel, which may lead to an unavoidable longer disruption of some connections. A bad scheduling of the overall endeavor, however, can dramatically increase the disconnection time of parts of the networks, causing extended service disruption. In this contribution, we study the problem of finding a schedule of the fiber link upgrades that minimizes the total service disruption time. To the best of our knowledge, this problem has not yet been formalized and investigated. The aim of our work is to close this gap by presenting a mathematical optimization model for the problem and an innovative solution algorithm that tackles the intrinsic difficulties of the problem. Computational experience on realistic instances completes our study. Our original investigations have been driven by real needs of DFN, operator of the German National Research and Education Network and our partner in the BMBF research project ROBUKOM (http://www.robukom.de/).
    Language: English
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2017-11-15
    Description: We present our implementation of Flexible Routing Tables (FRT) in the distributed key-value store Scalaris. Classic routing table generators like Chord structure routing tables by considering node identifiers only. Secondary requirements such as latency properties are considered after the general structure, eliminating potential performance gains. FRT aims to allow multiple requirements when creating routing tables. The concept is based on lazy routing table entries learning and filtering entries when a routing table is full. Entries are filtered such that the resulting table is best among all other possible tables where one node was filtered. FRT uses a total order to define which of the possible routing tables is best. We implemented two instances of FRT, namely FRT-Chord and grouped FRT-Chord (GFRT-Chord). We compare our implementation with the existing implementation of Chord in Scalaris and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of more flexible routing schemes.
    Language: English
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2020-02-04
    Description: This thesis firstly presents a nonlinear extended deterministic model for the transmission dynamics of tuberculosis, based on realistic assumptions and data collected from the WHO. This model enables a comprehensive qualitative analysis of various aspects in the outbreak and control of tuberculosis in Sub-Saharan Africa countries and successfully reproduces the epidemiology of tuberculosis in Cameroon for the past (from 1994-2010). Some particular properties of the model and its solution have been presented using the comparison theorem applied to the theory of differential equations. The existence and the stability of a disease free equilibrium has been discussed using the Perron-Frobenius theorem and Metzler stable matrices. Furthermore, we computed the basic reproduction number, i.e. the number of cases that one case generates on average over the course of its infectious period. Rigorous qualitative analysis of the model reveals that, in contrast to the model without reinfections, the full model with reinfection exhibits the phenomenon of backward bifurcation, where a stable disease-free equilibrium coexists with a stable endemic equilibrium when a certain threshold quantity, known as the basic reproduction ratio (R0), is less than unity. The global stability of the disease-free equilibrium has been discussed using the concepts of Lyapunov stability and bifurcation theory. With the help of a sensitivity analysis using data of Cameroon, we identified the relevant parameters which play a key role for the transmission and the control of the disease. This was possible applying sophisticated numerical methods (POEM) developed at ZIB. Using advanced approaches for optimal control considering the costs for chemoprophylaxis, treatment and educational campaigns should provide a framework for designing realistic cost effective strategies with different intervention methods. The forward-backward sweep method has been used to solve the numerical optimal control problem. The numerical result of the optimal control problem reveals that combined effort in education and chemoprophylaxis may lead to a reduction of 80\% in the number of infected people in 10 years. The mathematical and numerical approaches developed in this thesis could be similarly applied in many other Sub-Saharan countries where TB is a public health problem.
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We consider a system dynamics model that describes the effect of human activity on natural resources. The central stocks are the accumulated profit, the industry structures, and the water resources. The model can be controlled through two time-dependent parameters. The goal in this paper is to find a parameter setting that leads to a maximization of a performance index, which reflects both environmental and economic aspects. Thus, the goal is to identify the most sustainable stock of industry structures within the model's constraints and assumptions. In order to find a proven global optimal parameter set, we formulate the System Dynamics Optimization model as a mixed-integer nonlinear problem that is accessible for numerical solvers. Due to the dynamic structure of the model, certain steps of the solution process must be handled with greater care, compared to standard non-dynamic problems. We describe our approach of solving the industry structure model and present computational results. In addition, we discuss the limitations of the approach and next steps.
    Language: English
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: Cultural heritage institutions are on the verge of making their artefacts available in digital form. During this transition they are faced with conceptual and technical challenges that have only little overlap with their traditional domains but provide them with a lot of opportunities. We aim at empowering them to deal with some of these challenges by designing workflows attached to the data flow within a digital long-term preservation system. The preservation framework processes data by utilising micro-services. These are tailored to accommodate data transformations that can help institutions making their data available if they choose to participate in the interconnected digital world
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2021-08-05
    Description: Contemporary supercomputers can easily provide years of CPU time per wall-clock hour. One challenge of today's software development is how to harness this wast computing power in order to solve really hard mixed integer programming instances. In 2010, two out of six open MIPLIB2003 instances could be solved by ParaSCIP in more than ten consecutive runs, restarting from checkpointing files. The contribution of this paper is threefold: For the first time, we present computational results of single runs for those two instances. Secondly, we provide new improved upper and lower bounds for all of the remaining four open MIPLIB2003 instances. Finally, we explain which new developments led to these results and discuss the current progress of ParaSCIP. Experiments were conducted on HLRNII, on HLRN III, and on the Titan supercomputer, using up to 35,200 cores.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2021-01-21
    Description: In replizierten Systemen muss es möglich sein ausgefallene Server zu ersetzen und Replikate dynamisch hinzuzufügen oder zu entfernen. Veränderungen an der Menge der eingesetzten Replikate können zu inkonsistenten Daten führen. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Algorithmus für das konsistente Hinzufügen und Entfernen von Replikaten für das verteilte Dateisystem XtreemFS vorgestellt. Der Algorithmus nutzt einen fehlertoleranten Service, der die Replikatliste speichert sowie Veränderungen koordiniert und diese aus globaler Sicht atomar ausführt.
    Language: German
    Type: bachelorthesis , doc-type:bachelorThesis
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2020-12-14
    Description: A deterministic model of tuberculosis in sub-Saharan Africa in general and Cameroon in particular including lack of access to the treatment and weak diagnose capacity is designed and analyzed with respect to its transmission dynamics. The model includes both frequency- and density-dependent transmissions. It is shown that the model is mathematically well-posed and epidemiologically reasonable. Solutions are non-negative and bounded whenever the initial values are non-negative. A sensitivity analysis of model parameters is performed and most sensitive parameters of the model are identified using a state-of-the-art Gauss-Newton Method. In particular, parameters representing the proportion of individuals having access to medical facilities have a large impact on the dynamics of the disease. It has been shown that an increase of these parameter values over the time can significantly reduce the disease burden in the population within the next 15 years.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2021-01-21
    Description: In dieser Arbeit wird die Leistungsfähigkeit des MapReduce-Framework Hadoop mit XtreemFS als verteiltes und POSIX-konformes Dateisystem bestimmt. Damit wird XtreemFS das für die Nutzung mit Hadoop entwickelte Dateisystem HDFS ersetzen. HDFS und XtreemFS werden verglichen und XtreemFS für Nutzung unter Hadoop konfiguriert. Zudem werden Optimierungen an der Hadoop-Schnittstelle von XtreemFS vorgenommen. Die Leistung von Hadoop mit XtreemFS wird mittels synthetischer Benchmarks und realer Hadoop Anwendungen gemessen und mit der Leistung von Hadoop mit HDFS verglichen.
    Language: German
    Type: bachelorthesis , doc-type:bachelorThesis
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Language: German
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2019-01-29
    Description: The paper proposes goal-oriented error estimation and mesh refinement for optimal control problems with elliptic PDE constraints using the value of the reduced cost functional as quantity of interest. Error representation, hierarchical error estimators, and greedy-style error indicators are derived and compared to their counterparts when using the all-at-once cost functional as quantity of interest. Finally, the efficiency of the error estimator and generated meshes are demonstrated on numerical examples.
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2020-03-11
    Description: In this Master Thesis, the modelling process and the required biological background to adequately describe the hormonal dynamics of the human menstrual cycle are presented. The aim of this Master thesis project is to establish a mathematical routine that enables prediction of potentially fertile time windows. A system of four parameter dependent ordinary differential equations coupled with two algebraic equations is built, accounting for the main kinetic drivers of the human menstrual cycle { basal body temperature, estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing and follicle stimulating hormone. The key parameters are identifed using a nonlinear least squares approach to match the model to individual data. Aiming to solve the optimality problem arising, the Newton and Gauss-Newton method are examined and their local convergence theory is outlined. By the nature of the application, a globalised Gauss-Newton method seems more convenient. An adaptive trust region approach to determine the step lengths is chosen, which together with an linearly-implicit Euler extrapolation for the given differential algebraic equation system makes parameter estimation possible. The simulation results are discussed particularly in view of limitations and problems arising through the modelling approach.
    Language: English
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We present a new semidefinite representation for the trace of a real function f applied to symmetric matrices, when a semidefinite representation of the convex function f is known. Our construction is intuitive, and yields a representation that is more compact than the previously known one. We also show with the help of matrix geometric means and the Riemannian metric of the set of positive definite matrices that for a rational number p in the interval (0,1], the matrix X raised to the exponent p is the largest element of a set represented by linear matrix inequalities. We give numerical results for a problem inspired from the theory of experimental designs, which show that the new semidefinite programming formulation yields a speed-up factor in the order of 10.
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We study a family of combinatorial optimization problems defined by a parameter $p\in[0,1]$, which involves spectral functions applied to positive semidefinite matrices, and has some application in the theory of optimal experimental design. This family of problems tends to a generalization of the classical maximum coverage problem as $p$ goes to $0$, and to a trivial instance of the knapsack problem as $p$ goes to $1$. In this article, we establish a matrix inequality which shows that the objective function is submodular for all $p\in[0,1]$, from which it follows that the greedy approach, which has often been used for this problem, always gives a design within $1-1/e$ of the optimum. We next study the design found by rounding the solution of the continuous relaxed problem, an approach which has been applied by several authors. We prove an inequality which generalizes a classical result from the theory of optimal designs, and allows us to give a rounding procedure with an approximation factor which tends to $1$ as $p$ goes to $1$.
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Affinely-Adjustable Robust Counterparts provide tractable alternatives to (two-stage) robust programs with arbitrary recourse. We apply them to robust network design with polyhedral demand uncertainty, introducing the affine routing principle. We compare the affine routing to the well-studied static and dynamic routing schemes for robust network design. All three schemes are embedded into the general framework of two-stage network design with recourse. It is shown that affine routing can be seen as a generalization of the widely used static routing still being tractable and providing cheaper solutions. We investigate properties on the demand polytope under which affine routings reduce to static routings and also develop conditions on the uncertainty set leading to dynamic routings being affine. We show however that affine routings suffer from the drawback that (even totally) dominated demand vectors are not necessarily supported by affine solutions. Uncertainty sets have to be designed accordingly. Finally, we present computational results on networks from SNDlib. We conclude that for these instances the optimal solutions based on affine routings tend to be as cheap as optimal network designs for dynamic routings. In this respect the affine routing principle can be used to approximate the cost for two-stage solutions with free recourse which are hard to compute.
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: The paper deals with the workload and busy period for the M/GI/1 system under FCFS discipline, where the customers may become impatient during their waiting for service with generally distributed maximal waiting times and also during their service with generally distributed maximal service times depending on the time waited for service. This general impatience mechanism, originally introduced by Kovalenko (1961) and considered by Daley (1965), too, covers the special cases of impatience on waiting times as well as impatience on sojourn times, for which Boxma et al. (2010), (2011) gave new results and outlined special cases recently. Our unified approach bases on the vector process of workload and busy time. Explicit representations for the LSTs of workload and busy period are given in case of phase-type distributed impatience.
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: The target visitation problem (TVP) is concerned with finding a route to visit a set of targets starting from and returning to some base. In addition to the distance traveled a tour is evaluated by taking also preferences into account which address the sequence in which the targets are visited. The problem thus is a combination of two well-known combinato- rial optimization problems: the traveling salesman and the linear ordering problem. In this paper we present several possible IP-Models for this problem and compared them to their usability for branch-and-cut approaches.
    Language: English
    Type: conferenceobject , doc-type:conferenceObject
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2021-01-21
    Description: Branch-and-bound methods for mixed-integer programming (MIP) are traditionally based on solving a linear programming (LP) relaxation and branching on a variable which takes a fractional value in the (single) computed relaxation optimum. In this paper we study branching strategies for mixed-integer programs that exploit the knowledge of multiple alternative optimal solutions (a cloud) of the current LP relaxation. These strategies naturally extend state-of-the-art methods like strong branching, pseudocost branching, and their hybrids. We show that by exploiting dual degeneracy, and thus multiple alternative optimal solutions, it is possible to enhance traditional methods. We present preliminary computational results, applying the newly proposed strategy to full strong branching, which is known to be the MIP branching rule leading to the fewest number of search nodes. It turns out that cloud branching can reduce the mean running time by up to 30% on standard test sets.
    Language: English
    Type: incollection , doc-type:Other
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: The analysis of random instances of a combinatorial optimization problem, especially their optimal values, can provide a better insight into its structure. Such an extensive analysis was theoretically and practically done for the assignment problem ("random assignment problem") and several of its generalizations. For a recent generalization of the assignment problem to bipartite hypergraphs, the hypergraph assignment problem, such results do not exist so far. We consider a random version of the hypergraph assignment problem for the simplest possible complete bipartite hypergraphs. They have only edges and proper hyperedges of size four and follow a special structure, but the hypergraph assignment problem for this type of hypergraphs is, however, already NP-hard. It can be viewed as a combination of two assignment problems. For random hyperedge costs exponentially i.i.d. with mean 1 we show computational results that suggest that the expected value of minimum cost hyperassignments converges to some value around 1.05 with a small standard deviation. The computational results also suggest that the optimal value is most probably attained with half of the maximum possible number of proper hyperedges. The main result of this paper is the proof that the expected value of a minimum cost hyperassignment which uses exactly half the possible maximum number of proper hyperedges if the vertex number tends to infinity lies between 0.3718 and 1.8310 when hyperedge costs are exponentially i.i.d. with mean 1.
    Language: English
    Type: conferenceobject , doc-type:conferenceObject
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: In modern MIP solvers, primal heuristics play a major role in finding and improving feasible solutions early in the solution process. However, classical performance measures such as time to optimality or number of branch-and-bound nodes reflect the impact of primal heuristics on the overall solving process badly. This article discusses the question of how to evaluate the effect of primal heuristics. Therefore, we introduce a new performance measure, the "primal integral" which depends on the quality of solutions found during the solving process as well as on the points in time when they are found. Our computational results reveal that heuristics improve the performance of MIP solvers in terms of the primal bound by around 80%. Further, we compare five state-of-the-art MIP solvers w.r.t. the newly proposed measure.
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Two fundamental mathematical formulations for railway timetabling are compared on a common set of sample problems, representing both multiple track high density services in Europe and single track bidirectional operations in North America. One formulation, ACP, enforces against conflicts by constraining time intervals between trains, while the other formulation, RCHF, monitors physical occupation of controlled track segments. The results demonstrate that both ACP and RCHF return comparable solutions in the aggregate, with some significant differences in select instances, and a pattern of significant differences in performance and constraint enforcement overall.
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Language: English
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Language: English
    Type: conferenceobject , doc-type:conferenceObject
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We propose rapid branching (RB) as a general branch-and-bound heuristic for solving large scale optimization problems in traffic and transport. The key idea is to combine a special branching rule and a greedy node selection strategy in order to produce solutions of controlled quality rapidly and efficiently. We report on three successful applications of the method for integrated vehicle and crew scheduling, railway track allocation, and railway vehicle rotation planning.
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Language: English
    Type: conferenceobject , doc-type:conferenceObject
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Language: English
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Language: English
    Type: poster , doc-type:Other
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Language: English
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: The Scenario Technique is a strategic planning method that aims to describe and analyze potential developments of a considered system in the future. Its application consists of several steps, from an initial problem analysis over an influence analysis to projections of key factors and a definition of the scenarios to a final interpretation of the results. The technique itself combines qualitative and quantitative methods and is an enhancement of the standard Scenario Technique. We use the numerical values gathered during the influence analysis, and embed them in a System Dynamics framework. This yields a mathematically rigorous way to achieve predictions of the system‘s future behavior from an initial impulse and the feedback structure of the factors. The outcome of our new method is a further way of projecting the present into the future, which enables the user of the Scenario Technique to obtain a validation of the results achieved by the standard method.
    Language: English
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We develop a generic System Dynamic model to simulate the production, machines, employees, waste, and capital flows of a manufacturing company. In a second step, this model is specialised by defining suit-able input data to represent a bicycle manufacturing company in a developing country. We monitor a set of sustainability indicators to understand the social, environmental and economic impact of the company, and to estimate managerial decisions to be taken in order to improve on these criteria. We show that the social and environmental situation can be improved over time without sacrificing the economic success of the company's business.
    Language: English
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We consider a production planning problem where two competing companies are selling their items on a common market. Moreover, the raw material used in the production is a limited non-renewable resource. The revenue per item sold depends on the total amount of items produced by both players. If they collaborate they could apply a production strategy that leads to the highest combined revenue. Usually the formation of such syndicates is prohibited by law; hence we assume that one company does not know how much the other company will produce. We formulate the problem for company A to find an optimal production plan without information on the strategy of company B as a nonlinear mathematical optimization problem. In its naive formulation the model is too large, making its solution practically impossible. After a reformulation we find a much smaller model, which we solve by spatial branch-and-cut methods and linear programming. We discuss the practical implications of our solutions.
    Language: English
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Optimization-based bound tightening (OBBT) is a domain reduction technique commonly used in nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear programming that solves a sequence of auxiliary linear programs. Each variable is minimized and maximized to obtain the tightest bounds valid for a global linear relaxation. This paper shows how the dual solutions of the auxiliary linear programs can be used to learn what we call Lagrangian variable bound constraints. These are linear inequalities that explain OBBT's domain reductions in terms of the bounds on other variables and the objective value of the incumbent solution. Within a spatial branch-and-bound algorithm, they can be learnt a priori (during OBBT at the root node) and propagated within the search tree at very low computational cost. Experiments with an implementation inside the MINLP solver SCIP show that this reduces the number of branch-and-bound nodes and speeds up solution times.
    Language: English
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: The System Dynamics (SD) methodology is a framework for modeling and simulating the dynamic behavior of socioeconomic systems. Characteristic for the description of such systems is the occurrence of feedback loops together with stocks and flows. The mathematical equations that describe the system are usually nonlinear. Therefore seemingly simple systems can show a nonintuitive, nonpredictable behavior over time. Controlling a dynamical system means to define a desired final state in which the system should be, and to specify potential interventions from outside that should keep the system on the right track. The central question is how to compute such globally optimal control for a given SD model. We propose a branch-and-bound approach that is based on a bound propagation method, primal heuristics, and spatial branching. We apply our new SD-control method to a small System Dynamics model, that describes the evolution of a social-economic system over time. We examine the problem of steering this system on a sustainable consumption path.
    Language: English
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Language: English
    Type: conferenceobject , doc-type:conferenceObject
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: In this paper, we present a new branching strategy for nonconvex MINLP that aims at driving the created subproblems towards linearity. It exploits the structure of a minimum cover of an MINLP, a smallest set of variables that, when fixed, render the remaining system linear: whenever possible, branching candidates in the cover are preferred. Unlike most branching strategies for MINLP, Undercover branching is not an extension of an existing MIP branching rule. It explicitly regards the nonlinearity of the problem while branching on integer variables with a fractional relaxation solution. Undercover branching can be naturally combined with any variable-based branching rule. We present computational results on a test set of general MINLPs from MINLPLib, using the new strategy in combination with reliability branching and pseudocost branching. The computational cost of Undercover branching itself proves negligible. While it turns out that it can influence the variable selection only on a smaller set of instances, for those that are affected, significant improvements in performance are achieved.
    Language: English
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Language: German
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Language: German
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2021-01-21
    Language: English
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2021-01-21
    Language: German
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2017-11-08
    Language: English
    Type: book , doc-type:book
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