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  • 1995-1999  (196)
  • 1995  (196)
  • Magnetic resonance imaging  (196)
  • Nuclear reactions
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Dysphagia 10 (1995), S. 167-171 
    ISSN: 1432-0460
    Keywords: Dysphagia ; Osteophyte ; Cervical spine ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Carcinoma ; Surgery ; Deglutition ; Deglutition disorders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Anterior cervical osteophytes impinging upon the pharynx or esophagus constitute a rare cause of dysphagia. In severe cases, surgical removal of these osteophytes can provide symptomatic relief. We describe a patient of this type who failed to improve postoperatively, only to be found subsequently to have a carcinoma of the base of the tongue. To assist other clinicians in evaluating similar patients, and also to emphasize the great utility of modern radiologic techniques in these cases, we propose a diagnostic algorithm that incorporates magnetic resonance or computerized tomographic imaging.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Adrenal glands ; Adrenocortical adenoma ; Adipose tissue ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A case of adrenocortical adenoma containing small adipose foci is presented. A small amount of fat within the mass led to an erroneous preoperative diagnosis of myelolipoma. Adrenal adenoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of adrenal mass containing fat.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 20 (1995), S. 176-178 
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Neurofibroma ; Prostate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pelvic neurofibromatosis is a rare disease and rarely involves the prostate. A 19-year-old male presented with irritative and obstructive voiding symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a large mass extending from the sacral promontory to the perirectal and perivesical spaces and to the proximal root of the penis. The mass also involved the prostate. The characteristics of the mass were highly suggestive for neurofibroma. Prostate biopsy showed neurofibroma, and the immunohistochemistry stain for S-100 protein was positive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 20 (1995), S. 486-488 
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Rupture, uterine ; Pregnancy, complications ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gravid uterine rupture can be a difficult diagnosis, both clinically and radiologically. Ultrasound has been successful in detection of some indirect signs of uterine rupture but thus far has shown little success in demonstrating the myometrial defect. We present the MR findings in a case of gravid uterine dehiscence in which the actual uterine wall defect was well demonstrated. Gross pathologic correlation is provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 20 (1995), S. 566-568 
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Genitourinary tract abnormalities ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Pelcic cysts ; Congenital anomalies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Gartner duct cysts derive from remnants of the vaginal portion of the mesonephric (Wolffian) ducts. In cases of incomplete regression of these ducts, cysts can develop due to secretory activity [1]. Clinically, those cysts are usually asymptomatic, their size not exceeding 2 cm in diameter. In rare cases with larger cysts, the presence of dyspareunia and problems in obstetric delivery are described [2, 3]. We present a case of a histologically proven symptomatic Gartner duct cyst with a size of 16 ×15×8 cm. To my knowledge, this is the largest Gartner duct cyst ever reported in the imaging literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 20 (1995), S. 379-380 
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Paratesticular ; Fibrous pseudotumor ; Tunica vaginalis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Ultrasound ; Hemiscrotum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fibrous pseudotumor is a benign paratesticular tumor that typically presents as a painless mass of the hemiscrotum. Because this tumor can mimic a malignant process, it is usually not diagnosed preoperatively. We describe a case of fibrous pseudotumor of the tunica vaginalis, demonstrating the ultrasound and magnetic resonance image (MRI) appearance with pathologic correlation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Abdominal imaging 20 (1995), S. 505-515 
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Prostate neoplasms ; Ultrasound ; Doppler ultrasonography ; Radionuclide studies ; Computerized tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Monoclonal antibodies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment is fast emerging as a major health care issue in the United States. However, there are great uncertainties about the value of specific tests and therapies. Imaging modalities play a major role in the current management of patients with prostate cancer and this role is likely to expand in the future. Transrectal ultrasound is used to identify non-palpable lesions, direct systematic biopsies, determine gland volume and stage prostate cancers. For staging skeletal metastases, the bone scan is acknowledged as the best method, however controversy surrounds its routine use in patients with low prostate specific antigen (PSA) values. Computed tomography (CT) and transrectal ultrasound have limited value in detecting extracapsular disease but CT can be used in conjunction with percutaneous biopsy to identify nodal metastases. The role of Endorectal coil MRI is currently evolving in the wake of a disappointing multiinstitutional trial but MRI still holds the most promise for accurately detecting local extent of prostate cancer. New radiolabeled techniques with monoclonal antibodies and peptide imaging are also having early but promising results. The role of imaging in prostate cancer is continuing to evolve as technology and knowledge about prostate cancer biology improves and health care economics force a more judicious use of imaging resources.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Flow dynamics ; Portal vein ; Liver cirrhosis ; Chronic hepatitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: In patients with diffuse liver disease, the portal flow dynamics change markedly in accordance with disease progression and would provide a useful index of progression of stage. Methods: Portal blood flow (PBF) was measured by phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 21 patients with diffuse liver disease and 20 healthy volunteers. The MRI method was validated by a flow phantom study. The mean PBF could be measured in 6.8 min without breath-holding. Results: Doppler ultrasound measurements of PBF volume were obtained reproducibly in all the healthy volunteers and were shown to correlate with the MRI values (Doppler: 12.5 ±3.2 cm3/s, MRI: 12.0 ± 3.3 cm3/s; mean ± SD). The PBF volume of patients with chronic hepatitis showed no significant difference from that of the healthy volunteers. In patients with liver cirrhosis, the PBF volume ranged from 5.01 to 32.3 cm3/s. A significant increase in PBF volume was caused in one patient by massive intrahepatic shunting and a significant decrease was caused in two patients by massive extrahepatic shunting. Conclusions: The measurement of PBF by phase contrast MRI is clinically useful in predicting intrahepatic or extrahepatic shunting in patients with liver cirrhosis, and may be of value in detecting the progression of stage in diffuse liver diseases.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 242 (1995), S. 689-694 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Cardiac myxoma ; Aneurysm ; Dementia ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract From 1980 to 1992 we followed 12 patients with cardiac myxomas for an average of 4.4 years (8 months–11 years). Presenting symptoms were neurological in four patients (hemiparesis, aphasia, visual field deficits, progressive dementia or vertigo), progressive dyspnoea in six, pulmonary embolism in one, and peripheral arterial or renal emboli in three. The diagnosis was suspected clinically in 11 patients. It was confirmed by echocardiography in ten and by thoracic CT in one. All these patients had cardiac surgery. One diagnosis was made at autopsy; the patient died unexpectedly during surgery for emboli to the leg arteries. At follow-up, two additional patients had died, one from myocardial infarction and one from rhabdomyosarcoma. Only one of the nine surviving patients had recurrent symptoms after cardiac surgery. His dementia continued to progress. The patients without new symptoms after cardiac surgery had normal MRI of the brain or residual ischaemic lesions. MRI of the patient with progressive dementia showed multiple cerebral lesions with a bright centre and a dark rim on T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo images. On CT there were many calcified lesions. CT, MR angiography and contrast angiography revealed multiple fusiform aneurysms. The rare occurrence of progressive neurological symptoms after myxoma resection with multiple cerebral lesions and aneurysms should suggest myxoma metastases to the brain.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Acute myelopathy ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Evoked potentials ; Multiple sclerosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Brain and spinal cord magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), multimodal evoked potentials (EPs) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis were performed in 27 patients with acute myelopathy of unknown aetiology (AMUA), to detect the diagnostic and prognostic values of paraclinical tests at presentation. Spinal cord MRI was abnormal in 56% and brain MRI in 33% of the patients. Visual EPs were abnormal in 7%, median somatosensory EPs in 17%, tibial somatosensory EPs in 56% and motor EPs in 35% of the cases examined. Brain-stem acoustic EPs were normal in all the patients. CSF oligoclonal bands (OBs) were detected in 30% of cases. The patients were divided into subgroups according to the short-term clinical outcome (complete, partial or absent recovery). There were no significant differences among the three groups as regards MRI findings. Patients with complete recovery showed a significantly lower frequency of tibial somatosensory EP and motor EP abnormalities. According to the paraclinical findings at onset and on the basis of a long-term clinical follow-up (mean duration 24 months), 6 patients were diagnosed as having clinically definite multiple sclerosis, while 21 did not develop further neurological disturbances. Only the presence of CSF OBs was significantly more frequent in patients with definite multiple sclerosis. Our study indicates that EPs exploring spinal cord function are more powerful than spinal MRI for predicting the short-term outcome of AMUA, while the combined use of brain MRI and CSF OBs has the highest negative predictive value for the subsequent development of clinically definite multiple sclerosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 11
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Friedreich's ataxia ; Fixation instability ; Oculomotor abnormalities ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Eye movements were studied in 13 patients with Friedreich's ataxia and correlated with MRI findings to investigate whether oculomotor abnormalities can be traced to cerebellar disturbances in this disease. One of the most prominent eye signs was fixation instability (square-wave jerks, SWJ.). Besides SWJ the patients showed various combinations of cerebellar, vestibular and brain-stem oculomotor signs. Our patients did not comprise a homogeneous group with regard to their oculomotor findings. There was no correlation between the severity of any of the so-called cerebellar oculomotor disturbances and the number of SWJ. We tried to correlate the extent of oculomotor disturbances with floccular atrophy and atrophy of the dorsal vermis on MRI in seven of the patients. None of the oculomotor features (including SWJ) correlated with flocculus or dorsal vermis size. Furthermore, floccular and vermal measurements on MRI were normal. Accordingly, we think it unlikely that the oculomotor disturbances, including SWJ, are attributable to cerebellar pathology per se.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Interobserver agreement ; Medial temporal lobe atrophy ; Alzheimer's disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We conducted an interobserver study to assess agreement on visual rating of medial temporal lobe atrophy on coronal T1-weighted MRI. A total of 100 studies of elderly individuals, using two different MRI techniques (spin echo and inversion recovery sequences), were analysed by four raters (three neurologists and one neuroradiologist) using a five-point rating scale. Complete agreement was found in 37% of the total sample. Interobserver agreement as expressed by kappa values was 0.44 (95% CIl0.34–0.54) and 0.51 (95% Cl=0.41–0.61) for the two techniques. After dichotomizing medial temporal lobe atrophy into present or absent, a post hoc analysis revealed higher complete agreeement (70%), with kappa values of 0.59 (95% Cl=0.51–0.67) and 0.62 (95% Cl=0.48–0.075), for the two techniques (all four raters). From this study we conclude that visual rating of medial temporal lobe atrophy on MRI in the coronal plane yields fair to good agreement among observers. We recommend this type of visual rating for use in clinical settings when a quick judgement on the presence of medial temporal lobe atrophy is needed.
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  • 13
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Multiple sclerosis ; Vaccination ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the possible effects of influenza vaccinationon disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS). Six patients were evaluated clinically during the year preceding and the year following influenza vaccination. Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (Gd-MRI) was performed one day before and at days 15 and 45 after vaccination. Cumulatively, we did not observe increases in clinical or MRI disease activity following vaccination, with the exception of one case. This was the patient with the highest clinical disease activity during the year preceding vaccination. These results support and supplement previous observations, indicating that influenza vaccination is a safe procedure in multiple sclerosis. Nevertheless, it should be used with caution in patients with active/progressing disease.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 242 (1995), S. 231-238 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Carotid artery disease ; Dissection ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Ultrasonics ; Anticoagulants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract First symptoms and initial clinical, ultrasonographic and neuroradiological findings ascertained a mean of 5.6 days (SD = 5.6 days), 7.7 days (7.0), and 11.2 days (8.0) after symptom onset were analysed in 44 patients who suffered a spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection (ICD) verified by magnetic resonance imaging, angiography, or both. Common symptoms signalling dissection were unilateral headache in 68%, transient ischaemic attack in 20%, and cerebral infarction in 9%. Severe pain preceded cerebral ischaemia by more than 3 days in 60% of those patients who eventually suffered a stroke. However, only 2 were admitted because of pain alone and 33 for evolving neurological deficits. During the first month, ipsilateral severe headache occurred in 89%, neck pain in 36%, ipsilateral cerebral ischaemia in 82%, ocular ischaemia in 16%, oculosympathetic palsy in 48%, and cranial nerve palsy in 5%. Recent “trivial” head or neck trauma was elicited in 41 %. Doppler and duplex sonography confirmed the clinical suspicion of ICD in 91.5% and in 96% of those with a significant stenosis or occlusion. MRI demonstrated a thickened vessel wall in all 33 imaged carotid dissections and a mural haematoma in 30. None of the 32 patients who received anticoagulant treatment subsequently deteriorated. Monitoring anticoagulant treatment with ultrasonographic follow-up studies demonstrated recanalization in 70% and persistent occlusion in 30%. The results demonstrate that familiarity with the initial symptoms, especially headache, and performance of an ultrasonographic study without delay are the cornerstones of an early diagnosis. Immediate anticoagulation to prevent fatal cerebral embolism seems the appropriate treatment when intracranial dissection is excluded, although its efficacy has not yet been proven by a controlled study.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 21 (1995), S. 679-681 
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Fat embolism ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality following multiple fractures. Neurological involvement (cerebral fat embolism) has been reported frequently. A case of cerebral fat embolism is reported. While CT scan revealed no abnormalities, MRI, performed in this patient 8 days after trauma, showed relative lowintensity areas on T1-weighted images and high intensity areas on T2-weighted images involving cerebral white matter, corpus callosum and basal ganglia. MRI follow-up (1 and 3 months post-trauma) showed nearly complete resolution of the abnormal signal. MRI seems to be a useful diagnostic tool for detecting and quatifying lesions in fat embolism syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Peyronie's disease (IPP) ; Endoluminal ultrasound ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Corpus spongiosum ; Corpus cavernosum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the case of a 44-year-old male presenting with deviation of the penis during erection. Upon physical and clinical examination the patient did not have the typical findings of Peyronie's disease, therefore he was admitted for further evaluation by conventional sonography, duplex Doppler ultrasound, endourethral ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Endourethral ultrasound and MRI provided evidence of Peyronie's disease with atypical involvement of the corpus spongiosum and, in addition, demonstrated nonpalpable plaques in the septum of the penis.
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Patent ductus venosus ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Basal ganglia ; Pulmonary hypertension ; Portosystemic encephalopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the case of a 13-year-old Japanese boy with a patent ductus venosus. He experienced mild disorientation and hallucination at age 8 years. Hyperammonaemia was discovered at age 12 years. Brain MRI demonstrated multiple intracranial hyperintense lesions, mainly in the globus pallidum, which suggested portosystemic encephalopathy. Patent ductus venosus was demonstrated by abdominal ultrasonography and angiography. Cardiopulmonary investigation revealed pulmonary hypertension. An intracranial hyperintense lesion observed on T1-weighted MRI may be an initial clue for discovering a patent ductus venosus in asymptomatic patients. Conclusion When patent ductus venosus is disclosed, pulmonary hypertension should be sought, as in cases with other portosystemic shunts.
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  • 18
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Patent ductus venosus ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Basal ganglia ; Pulmonary hypertension ; Portosystemic encephalopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Abstract We report the case of a 13-year-old Japanese boy with a patent ductus venosus. He experienced mild disorientation and hallucination at age 8 years. Hyperammonaemia was discovered at age 12 years. Brain MRI demonstrated multiple intracranial hyperintense lesions, mainly in the globus pallidum, which suggested portosystemic encephalopathy. Patent ductus venosus was demonstrated by abdominal ultrasonography and angiography. Cardiopulmonary investigation revealed pulmonary hypertension. An intracranial hyperintense lesion observed on T1-weighted MRI may be an initial clue for discovering a patent ductus venosus in asymptomatic patients. Conclusion When patent ductus venosus is disclosed, pulmonary hypertension should be sought, as in cases with other portosystemic shunts.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Child's nervous system 11 (1995), S. 559-567 
    ISSN: 1433-0350
    Keywords: Brain neoplasm ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The neuroradiological features of supratentorial hemispheric tumors (SHTs) were studied in 27 patients whose ages ranged from 11 months to 18 years. Astrocytomas constitued 10 of the 27 SHTs. On computed tomography low-grade astrocytomas were in most cases hypodense; after intravenous administration of contrast medium, pilocytic astrocytomas enhanced, whereas fibrillary astrocytomas did not. Gd-DPTA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was the most useful technique for the assessment of recurrences. Atypical imaging features were observed in one glioblastoma and in oligodendrogliomas (in half of the cases no calcifications were found). Gangliogliomas were surprisingly rather frequent in our series (5/27) and appeared in three cases as low-density, well-circumscribed lesions, not calcified and without edema and mass effect, while in two cases they had pronounced perifocal edema without clear demarcation. A rare desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma was observed. The two meningiomas showed malignant behavior.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 252 (1995), S. 206-208 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Laryngeal cancer ; Tumor staging Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This retrospective study quantitatively assessed the effects of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) on the staging of laryngeal cancer. A blind comparison between CT and MRI was made in a group of previously untreated patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the larynx. From June 1992 to November 1993, 29 patients were eligible for study. Of these, 14 patients (48%) had supraglottic lesions, 11 patients (40%) had glottic lesions and 4 patients (14%) had both. No subglottic lesions were seen. The data suggest that clinical staging of laryngeal tumors is inadequate. MRI proved superior to CT for staging tumors, especially those confined to the supraglottis. Nevertheless, clinically staged T1 or T2 lesions could be adequately assessed by CT alone. Findings also indicate that MRI should be reserved for T3 or T4 clinically staged lesions. Furthermore, most nodal disease can be staged by CT.
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    CardioVascular & interventional radiology 18 (1995), S. 330-332 
    ISSN: 1432-086X
    Keywords: Aneurysm ; Aortocoronary graft ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Coronary artery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allowed the diagnosis of an atherosclerotic aneurysm of a long-standing aortocoronary saphenous vein graft, initially not depicted by selective coronary graft arteriography due to low flow within the lumen, caused by a stenosis of the proximal graft limb.
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  • 22
    ISSN: 1590-3478
    Keywords: Mongolian gerbil ; Hemispheric ischemia ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Sommario Nella presente ricerca abbiamo valutato nel gerbillo della Mongolia l'evoluzione e la gravità del danno ischemico dopo chiusura permanente di una delle arterie carotidi comuni (ACC) mediante RM convenzionale (RM con immagini pesate in T2) e analisis istologica. Subito dopo la chiusura di una ACC, gli animali hanno presentato una differente sintomatologia clinica. La mortalità (46%) rilevata entro le prime 48 ore è stata considerata un indice di “sensibilità allostroke”. Gli animali “resistenti allostroke” hanno mostrato un'ampia variabilità sia nell'evoluzione che nella gravità del danno ischemico. L'iperintensità del segnale e la negatività all'esame RM osservate entro 30 ore dalla legatura della ACC non sempre correlavano con il danno istologico cerebrale rilevato a 14 giorni. Una stretta correlazione è stata stabilita tra le immagini pesate in T2 e ottenute dopo 30 ore dalla occlusione della ACC e la neuropatologia. Infatti, i gerbilli negativi alla RM non presentavano lesioni, mentre un'alterazione di segnale era sempre predittiva di danno ischemico. Inoltre l'esame RM tardivo ha evidenziato dilatazione ventricolare. L'istopatologia ha dimostrato che il danno ischemico differiva tra i gerbilli “resistenti allo stroke” e spesso era bilaterale. Questo studio conferma la diversa suscettibilità all'infarto emisferico dopo chiusura permanente di una ACC e suggerisce che la RM convenzionale potrebbe essere un metodo non invasivo utile per 1) identificare e/o selezionare gli animali inclini a maturare danno ischemico e 2) monitorare l'efficacia di un trattamento terapeutico senza sacrificare gli animali.
    Notes: Abstract In the present investigation, we estimated both the evolution and the severity of ischemic damage following unilateral carotid occlusion (UCO) in Mongolian gerbils by using conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, i.e. T2 weighted imaging) and histological techniques. Immediately after UCO, the animals showed different clinical effects. The mortality (46%) detected within the first 48h was considered an “stroke-sensitivity”; the “stroke-resistant” animals showed wide variability in terms of both temporal evolution and the extent of ischemic damage. The signal hyperintensity and negative MRI observed during the first 30h after UCO did not always correlate with the cerebral damage presented after 14 days, although a close correlation was established between the T2 weighted images taken more than 30h after UCO and neuropathology: the gerbils negative to imaging showed no morphological changes, whereas an enhanced signal was always prognostic of ischemic injury. Moreover, late MRI documented ventricular dilatation. Histopathology showed that the ischemic damage differed among the stroke-resistant gerbils and was often bilateral. The present study confirms the differences in gerbil susceptibility to hemispheric infarction after permanent UCO and suggests that conventional MRI may be a useful non-invasive method for i) identifying the stroke-resistant animals prone to mature ischemic injury and ii) monitoring the evolution of therapeutic efficacy without sacrificing animals.
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  • 23
    ISSN: 1615-2573
    Keywords: Mitral flow ; Velocity profile ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) velocity mapping to assess the velocity profile of early diastolic mitral inflow in 11 normal subjects. Velocity maps of left ventricular inflow were obtained in the horizontal long axis of the left ventricle at the time of peak early diastolic filling. Velocity profile curves across the mitral inflow were obtained at 1-cm intervals from the mitral ring to 4 cm into the cavity. The jet width was 3.06 ± 0.64cm at the mitral ring level, increasing to 3.6 ± 0.61 cm at 4cm. The peak/mean velocity was 1.2 ± 0.07 at the mitral ring and increased to around 1.4 at 3–4cm from the mitral ring. The point at which the peak velocity was recorded at each level was skewed towards the septal side by 10%–13% of jet width from the center at the mitral ring and 2–4cm from the ring. However, at a depth of 1 cm, corresponding to the mitral tip level, the peak velocity was at the center of the jet. The ratio of vertical and horizontal dimensions of the jet cross section was 1.11 ± 0.05. Thus, the mitral inflow velocity profile is relatively flat at the mitral ring and tip level; the inflow jet cross section is effectively circular.
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  • 24
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Soft tissue sarcomas ; Thallium-201 ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Post-therapy changes ; Residual/recurrent tumors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We performed a prospective study to evaluate the imaging potential of thallium-201 as compared with other imaging modalities in differentiating residual/re-current tumors from post-therapy changes in patients with musculoskeletal sarcomas.201TI scans, magnetic resonance imaging (17), X-ray computed tomography (6) or contrast angiography (6) studies in 29 patients previously treated for musculoskeletal sarcomas were correlated with either histopathologic findings (26 patients) or 2-year clinical follow-up (three patients). All imaging studies were acquired within 2 weeks. Ratios of201T1 tumor uptake to the contralateral (28 patients) or adjacent region of interest were calculated. When qualitative interpretation was in doubt, only those cases with a ratio of 1.5 or more were considered suggestive of recurrent or residual viable tumor tissue. Residual or recurrent tumor tissue was verified in 21 patients by biopsy. All had true-positive201Tl scans while the other imaging modalities were true-positive in 20 and equivocal in one. In eight patients, there was no evidence of viable tumor tissue as proven by biopsy in five and long-term clinical follow-up in three.201Tl scan was false-positive (ratio 1.5) in one patient and true-negative in seven while the other' imaging modalities had four false-positives. The average201T1 ratios were 3.8±1.1 in the true-positive cases and 1.3±0.3 in the true-negative cases. The percentage sensitivities, specificities, and accuracy for201T1 were 100%, 87.5%, and 96.5% versus 95%, 50%, and 82.7% respectively for other imaging modalities These results indicate that201T1 scintigraphy is more accurate than other imaging modalities in differentiating residual/recurrent musculoskeletal sarcomas from post-therapy changes.
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  • 25
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Diastolic function ; Constrictive pericarditis ; Radionuclide angiography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Constrictive pericarditis presents with a suggestive clinical picture, and its diagnosis is based on a haemodynamic pattern revealing impaired ventricular filling. In this study of 15 patients with pure isolated constrictive pericarditis, we attempted to evaluate the diagnostic value of two non-invasive methods not usually employed in this indication: radionuclide angiography (RNA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Whilst RNA permits analysis of the functional pattern of the global and segmental left ventricular filling impairment, MRI allows measurement of the thickness of the pericardium. RNA revealed increased early diastolic filling as evidenced by a shorter one-third filling time (TFl/3;P〈0.0001 with respect to a normal population), a higher peak filling rate (PFR;P〈0.01) and its early occurrence (P〈0.001), increased one-third and mid diastolic filling fractions (P〈0.01), and the ratio of the PFR over the peak ejection rate (P〈0.01). During late diastole, the atrial filling fraction decreased (NS). The patients with constrictive pericarditis also showed a decrease in the physiological filling asynchrony, as assessed by segmental evaluations. Seven patients underwent MRI. The pericardium was thickened in all the patients, varying from 6 to 14 mm (normal: 2.5±0.7 mm), without any systolo-diastolic variation. Pericardial thickening appeared as a dark low-intensity signal band, demonstrating the fibrocalcific nature of the pericardial contents. Sagittal and coronal cross-sections were particularly well-suited to show the non-uniformity of the pericardial thickening. These results indicate that RNA and MRI are complementary non-invasive methods, and can provide the functional and anatomical information required for the diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis.
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  • 26
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Brain atlas ; Warping ; Emission tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An elastic computerized brain atlas was developed for the analysis of positron emission tomography/single-photon emission tomography (PET/SPET) data. It consists of a set of digital anatomical contours and a template of regions of interest, schematically describing the brain, derived from a currently used anatomical/functional brain atlas. A warping algorithm, matching equivalent contours, was implemented to elastically fit the atlas to individual brain images. The elastic computerized brain atlas was applied to representative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-PET/SPET studies, MRI providing the anatomical information used by the matching procedure. The atlas is suited for clinical use in a nuclear medicine environment.
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  • 27
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    European journal of nuclear medicine 22 (1995), S. 1069-1072 
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Gallium scintigraphy ; Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis ; Xanthoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a patient with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, a rare familial sterol storage disease, increased uptake of gallium-67 was observed in the tendon xanthomas. This is considered to have resulted from the tumour-like proliferation of histiocytic cells in the xanthomas. Abnormalities in the white matter of the cerebellum and the brain stem observed by X-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were not detected by67Ga scintigraphy, possibly due to the small size of the CNS lesions.
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  • 28
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Endodermal sinus tumor ; Ovarian tumor ; Positron emission tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a case of recurrent endodermal sinus tumor.of the ovary that was identified and/or clearly depicted by computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography. The potential roles of various imaging modalities in the detection of recurrent endodermal sinus tumor are discussed.
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  • 29
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    European spine journal 4 (1995), S. 284-290 
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Chiari malformation ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Scoliosis ; Syringomyelia ; Sensory testing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We reviewed the cases of ten patients with scoliosis as the first sign of a cystic spinal cord lesion with the aim of identifying and studying early patient and curve characteristics. All patients were examined with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the brain and spinal cord and quantitative thermal testing (QTT). The mean Cobb angle was 22° and the curves were right thoracic in seven patients, left thoracic in two, and left lumbar in one, when first seen for scoliosis. In six patients the cystic lesion was found in routine screening for syringomyelia, which is performed in all cases of congenital and juvenile scoliosis and in adolescent scoliosis before bracing. In four patients, it took up to 17 years following the initial diagnosis of scoliosis before neurologic deterioration warranted MR imaging, disclosing two Chiari I associated syrinxes and two cystic spinal cord tumors. QTT revealed a subelinically decreased sensation in two of the patients with no findings other than scoliosis. It also verified the decreased sensation in all patients in whom neurologic deterioration had complicated the clinical course of their scoliosis. More frequent spinal MR screening of patients with supposed juvenile or adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is indicated, regardless of curve type, to exclude a neurogenic cause. QTT documents subclinical as well as overt decreased sensation, and is valuable in the serial follow-up of these patients to monitor the progress or the response to treatment of the cystic lesion.
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  • 30
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    European spine journal 4 (1995), S. 360-361 
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Infective discitis ; Early diagnosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previous reports suggest that MRI changes should be seen within 48h of symptoms arising. We report on two patients with proven discitis at the L5/S1 disc. MRI performed within 60h of the onset of symptoms did not demonstrate evidence of infection and therefore did not confirm the diagnosis of discitis. The reliability of early MRI to confirm infective discitis is questionable. The cases we report on did not display any of the typical changes of discitis on MRI within the first 48h after the onset of symptoms. Absence of typical infective changes on MRI does not necessarily exclude an infection within the disc space.
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  • 31
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    European spine journal 4 (1995), S. 357-359 
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Exogenous lumbar spondylodiscitis ; Vertebral body fracture ; Stab wound ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Exogenous spondylodiscitis is a rare event and is usually iatrogenic. Non-iatrogenic exogenous spondylodiscitis has been described in the literature following transabdominal gunshot wounds associated with injury to the intestines and spine. Several cases of traumatic meningitis and one of a traumatic meningocele following an injury of the spinal sac have been reported. No report of exogenous spondylodiscitis complicating a stabwound has been published. This is a report of exogenous spondylodiscitis following a paravertebral stabwound with a knife in association with a superior wedge fracture of L2.
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  • 32
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    European spine journal 4 (1995), S. 56-59 
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Schmorl's node ; Bone marrow ; Inflammation ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Magnetic resonance imaing (MRI) findings in cases with symptomatic and asymptomatic Schmorl's nodes have been analysed. In all symptomatic cases, the vertebral body marrow surrounding the Schmorl's node was seen as low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and as high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. It was confirmed by histological examination that the MRI findings indicated the presence of inflammation and oedema in the vertebral bone marrow. These MRI findings were not seen in asymptomatic individuals. Inflammatory changes in the vertebral body marrow induced by intraosseous fracture and biological reactions to intraspongious disc materials might cause pain. We postulate that after fracture healing and subsidence of inflammation, the Schmorl's nodes become asymptomatic, in analogy with old vertebral compression fractures. MRI is not only useful in detecting the recently developed Schmorl's nodes but also in differentiating between symptomatic and asymptomatic Schmorl's nodes.
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  • 33
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    European spine journal 4 (1995), S. 60-63 
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Arachnoiditis ossificans ; Three-dimensional computed tomography scanning ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The histories of two patients with arachnoiditis ossificans leading to severe neurological impairment are presented. Analysis of these cases highlights the importance of three-dimensional (3 D) computed tomography (CT) scanning for the establishment of the diagnosis and in postoperative assessment of this rare disease, whereas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is less useful. The neurological function in both cases improved following re-exploration operations in which the whole length of the dural sac covering the intradural ossific lesions was freed totally from external obstructions imposed by the covering laminae.
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  • 34
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    European spine journal 4 (1995), S. 71-76 
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Lumbar spine ; Root pathway ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Dorsal root ganglia ; Failed back surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In patients with degenerative disease of the lumbar spine, stenosis not only in the entrance zone but also in the mid- and exit zones of the nerve root pathway can occur. With the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), it has become easier to assess stenosis of the root pathway, especially in the mid- and exit zones. T1-weighted sagittal images in the lateral facet plane show the state of the exit zone. I studied the incidence of severe exit-zone stenosis of L3-5 roots in 45 patients aged over 50 years 15 in their fifties, 15 in their sixties, and 15 in their seventies) by MRI and assessed the results on the basis of age, intervertebral disc degeneration, and disc height. I also studied the relationship between clinical symptoms and severe stenosis in both entrance and exit zones of the L4 and L5 roots. The incidence of severe exit-zone stenosis at the L3 root was 20% at all ages. On the other hand, L4 and L5 nerve root stenosis increased with age and severe stenosis affected 70% of L4 roots and 80% of L5 roots in patients in their seventics. The incidence of deformation or disappearance of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was 10% or less at L3 and L5 roots, while it was 10% at L4 root. The incidence of severe stenosis both in entrance and exit zones in a single root was 20% at L4 root in all age groups, while it was 19% of patients in their fifties and increased to 29% of patients in their sixties and then 46% of patients in their seveties at L5 root. This study showed the high frequency of root pathway stenosis at L4 and L5 in the degenerative lumbar spine. However, not all patients with exit stenosis suffered from radicular symptoms. Stenosis in the mid- and exit zones of the root pathway has been an important factor in failed back surgery. It seems to be important to determine whether entrance, mid- and exit zone stenosis exist or not in order to clarify the pathological conditions of patients, especially in disorders affecting L4 and L5 nerve roots. T1-weighted MRI images can provide useful information concerning lesions in the mid- and exit zones in the degenerative lumbar spine.
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  • 35
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; herniated disc ; Spinal stenosis ; Oedema ; Venous stasis ; Capillarisation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A prospective MRI study was carried out to assess the secondary changes in patients with stenosis and/or herniated disc of the lumbar spinal canal. The study covered 100 patients who had low back and leg pain due to such processes. Of these, 60 patients (group A) had a monoradicular pain pattern, average duration 2 months, due to a herniated lumbar disc. The remaining 40 patients (group B) had acute exacerbation of their chronic low back and leg pain, due to stenosis and herniated disc. As a control group, 5 asymptomatic volunteers with neither stenosis nor herniated disc on MRI were examined. All the patients and volunteers were examined by MRI with several sequences: partial saturation recovery with phase contrast PS (500/10), spin echo SE (500/20), short TI inversion recovery STIR (1900/135/30) and, for the dynamic study, field-gradient echo sequences FAST (50/15): 10 frames in 200 s. In all participants, Gd-DTPA was administered intravenously. In 8 of the patients of group B capillarisation in the protruded nucleus tissue was demonstrated on the PS sequence after Gd-DTPA administration. This tissue also showed decreased signal intensity on the STIR sequence. The capillarisation extended into the centre of the disc. Venous stasis could be verified in all of the 100 patients. An oedema could be verified in all patients of group A; in 20%, its size exceeded that of the herniated disc. In group B, an oedema was seen in only 12 patients. In the control group, no haemodynamic changes were seen. Using MRI, it is possible to define the border between herniated disc tissue and perifocal oedema. In consequence, in cases of acute pain syndromes in patients with herniated discs where oedema is predominant, taking immediate measures to decrease the oedema could be justified. In cases of stenosis, MRI can demonstrate its extent and any associated secondary changes. In patients with multi-level narrowing processes and atypical symptoms, haemodynamic MRI studies may be an important diagnostic tool for finding the symptomatic level.
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  • 36
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    European spine journal 4 (1995), S. 257-259 
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Hematoma ; Epidural ; Spinal cord compression ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The case of a spontaneous cervical epidural hematoma treated by anterior corporectomy and arthrodesis is reported. An anterior approach is preferable when an epidural hematoma is anterior to the dural sac and when MRI shows an aspect of old clotted blood that can not be easily evacuated by a posterior laminectomy.
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  • 37
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    Journal of neurology 242 (1995), S. 174-177 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Retinal vasculitis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Multiple sclerosis ; Optic neuritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Ten patients with clinically isolated idiopathic retinal vasculitis who had a positive family history for multiple sclerosis (MS) or positive typing for HLA B7 underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain and optic nerves in order to establish the frequency of clinically silent lesions. Brain MRI was normal in seven and abnormal in three: one had a single small white matter lesion, two had extensive white matter abnormalities resembling those seen in MS. In two patients a lesion was shown in the optic nerve. These findings suggest that a minority of patients with idiopathic retinal vasculitis have disseminated central nervous system lesions characteristic of MS, the frequency of such changes being less than in patients with isolated optic neuritis.
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  • 38
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    Journal of neurology 242 (1995), S. 195-202 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Medullary syndrome ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Brainstem infarction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract There are two major vascular syndromes of the medulla oblongata: the medial and the lateral. The medial medullary syndrome is characterized by the triad of ipsilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy with contralateral hemiparesis and loss of deep sensation. Lateral medullary infarction commonly presents with Homer's syndrome, ataxia, alternating thermoanalgesia, nystagmus, vertigo and hoarseness. Combinations of the two major syndromes occur as bilateral medial medullary, hemi-medullary and bilateral lateral medullary syndromes. Each of these syndromes frequently manifests with incomplete or atypical findings depending on the extent of the lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging has been useful in the clinical diagnosis of medullary infarctions. The site of the lesion may help predict the arteries involved.
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  • 39
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Angiography ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Ultrasonography ; Vertebral artery dissection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Spontaneous vertebral artery dissection (VAD) is a rare but well-known cause of cerebrovascular disease and is often difficult to diagnose even using conventional arteriography. While noninvasive tests such as Doppler ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have failed to provide reliable criteria for the diagnosis of VAD, the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has not yet been undetermined. To establish the reliability of a combined noninvasive approach, 11 patients were prospectively examined for VAD by means of colour-coded duplex studies, MRI and three-dimensional time-of-flight MRA prior to conventional angiography. Among 11 patients with VAD suspected clinically as well as on Doppler ultrasonography, angiography confirmed the diagnosis in seven patients but found a vertebral artery occlusion in three and a vertebral artery stenosis in one. The combination of MRI and MRA findings led to the correct diagnosis of dissection in three patients, of vertebral artery occlusion in three patients, and of vertebral artery stenosis in one. VAD was misinterpreted as vertebral artery occlusion in four patients. Doppler ultrasonography is a valuable screening method for the detection of vertebral artery pathologies. The diagnosis of VAD can only be established if a typical intramural vessel wall haematoma is seen on T1-weighted MRI in combination with MRA findings of irregular artery stenosis or occlusion.
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  • 40
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ; Cerebral toxoplasmosis ; Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the results of a hospital-based study of 188 consecutive patients seropositive for the human immune deficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) who presented in a 4-year period (1988–1991) with possible signs or symptoms of first-ever central nervous system disease. Confirmed diagnoses were cerebral toxoplasmosis in 47 patients (25.0%), HIV-1 encephalopathy in 19 (10.1%), progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) in 9 (4.8%), cerebral lymphoma in 1 (0.5%), and other conditions in 9 patients (4.8%). Seventy-three subjects (38.8%) showed focal brain lesions on initial computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, which were assessed prospectively. Positive predictivity for toxoplasmosis was 100% if multiple lesions occurred in combination with mass effect or contrast enhancement (23 patients), or if at least one space-occupying or enhancing lesion was located in the basal ganglia or the thalamus (26 patients). Solitary lesions with mass effect or contrast enhancement were seen in 26 patients and were caused by cerebral toxoplasmosis in 22 (84.6%). Eight of the 9 PML patients presented with one or more non-enhancing, non-mass lesions, although the predictive value of this pattern was low (47.1% for PML). Thus, in our epidemiological context, certain imaging findings in HIV-1-seropositive patients were highly predictive of cerebral toxoplasmosis. This may differ from findings from other parts of the world where cerebral toxoplasmosis may be less prevalent among HIV-1-infected individuals.
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  • 41
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Neuro-Behçet's disease ; Paroxysmal dysarthria-ataxia ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The paroxysmal attacks which are frequently encountered in the course of multiple sclerosis (MS) are characterised by their sudden onset, short duration and frequent repetition. Such attacks have also been reported in some other diseases affecting the CNS, such as systemic lupus erythematosus. However, to our knowledge, they have not been reported in neuro-Behçet's disease (NBD). A patient with NBD who developed paroxysmal dysarthriaataxia attacks is presented, and the similarity of some clinical, laboratory, and neuroradiological aspects of NBD and MS are discussed with special emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging findings.
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  • 42
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    Journal of neurology 242 (1995), S. 596-598 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Repetition ; Arcuate fasciculus ; Conduction aphasia ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Cortical stimulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract According to the traditional model of language organization, repetition deficits arise following damage to the arcuate fasciculus of the dominant hemisphere (conduction aphasia). Conduction aphasia may result from lesions that spare the arcuate fasciculus. However, these patients have atypical language organization. We describe a man with normal language architecture who underwent a resection of the anterior portion of his arcuate fasciculus and retained his ability to repeat words and sentences. We propose that the arcuate fasciculus is not necessary for speech repetition by the lexical route.
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  • 43
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    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 121 (1995), S. 189-191 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Thyroid carcinoma ; Cervical cord compression ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Radioiodine scan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Cervical cord compression due to local extension of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is an extremely rare condition and, to our knowledge, only one case has been reported in the literature. Among 256 patients with DTC treated at our hospital, we have observed 3 cases of spinal injury due to local extension of DTC. A Brown-Séquard syndrome was detected at physical examination in 2 cases. In both patients, cervical cord compression precipitated a fatal event. In the remaining patient, a radiculo-pathy C5–C7 was observed. Magnetic resonance imaging was very successful in outlining the mass, clearly differentiating the extrinsic invasion from a metastasis, and allowing the surgical possibilities to be evaluated. Poor cervical uptake of131I was observed on scans performed in two cases, suggesting a certain degree of cell dedifferentiation. We suggest that cervical spinal injury due to local extension of DTC may be an underreported complication of DTC that seems to condition the patient's outcome. Careful neurological examination is warranted in patients with DTC at stages III–IV and magnetic resonance imaging must be performed when spinal injury is suspected.
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  • 44
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    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 104-108 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Brain neoplasm diagnosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Medulloblastoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Medulloblastomas are generally associated with childhood, but 14–30% occur in adults, accounting for 1% of adult central nervous system tumors. While approximately one third of adult medulloblastomas present as vermian tumors similar to those seen in childhood, the majority differ substantially from the childhood variety. In this series of 13 patients, 5 had lateral, seemingly extra-axial masses in the cerebellopontine angle or at the tentorium, simulating meningiomas or acoustic neuromas, but angiographic hypovascularity in 2 of the latter suggested a diagnosis other than meningioma. Of 4 paramedian tumors, 3 diffusely infiltrated the cerebellar white matter, showed little or no gadolinium enhancement and were not associated with hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus was present in less than half of our patients; in childhood the reported incidence is 85–100%. A possible association with pregancy was noted.
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  • 45
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    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 303-307 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Spine neoplasm ; Lymphoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We reviewed the MRI features in eight patients with spinal epidural lymphoma (clinically primary in 4 patients); one patient had multiple lesions. The cervical spine was involved in one patient, the thoracolumbar spine in 5 and the sacrum in two. Mean longitudinal extension of the epidural lesion was 2.6 vertebral segments. The tumours were homogeneously isointense with the spinal cord on T1-weighted images and isointense or hyperintense on proton-density and T2-weighted images. The spinal cord was compressed in four patients but showed signal changes in only one. In five patients the lesions communicated through the intervertebral formaina with paravertebral soft tissue masses. In all but one of the patients diffuse signal changes in the vertebral body marrow consistent with osteolytic or osteobalstic changes were identified adjacent to or at distance from the epidural lesion. Vertebral collapse was observed in two patients.
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  • 46
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    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 321-323 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography ; Acoustic neuroma ; Haematoma, subarachnoid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe a 26-year-old woman in whom an enhancing, intradural extramedullary mass was found at the craniocervical junction on MRI 3 years after resection of a large acoustic neuroma. The radiological appearances suggested a new tumour, raising the possibility of neurofibromatosis 2, provoking a review of family members in an attempt to confirm the diagnosis, as well as further surgery. Histology of the lesion revealed an organising haematoma, with no evidence of malignancy. The imaging features can be explained by the process by which blood clot in the subarachnoid space is resorbed. Caution is advised in interpreting CT or MRI after neurosurgery.
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  • 47
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Hyperhomocystei- naemia ; Premature arteriosclerosis ; Demyelination ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Severe or even mild hyperhomocysteinaemia can cause a wide range of neurological problems. In recent years its vascular complications, including cerebral stroke, in children and young adults have gained special interest, because hyperhomocysteinaemia is treatable and recurrence of vascular incidents may be preventable. Current knowledge about biochemical mechanisms leading to hyperhomocysteinaemia, the pathogenesis of vascular pathology and neurological disfunction, and the various patterns of cerebral damage are reviewed. The significance of MRI in diagnosis, follow-up and research on hyperhomocysteinaemia is discussed.
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  • 48
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    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 462-464 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Epidural abscess ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Gadolinium-DTPA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 10-year-old boy presented with a 7-day history of back pain and pyrexia. MRI showed an epidural abscess arising from septic arthritis in a lumbar facet joint. Whilst septic arthritis in a large joint is relatively common in children, epidural abscess is rare. This case illustrates how infection in a synovial joint may extend into the extradural space and might be the route of infection in more cases than has previously been recognised.
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  • 49
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    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 479-480 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Meningioma ; Internal auditory meatus ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe an entirely intracanalicular meningioma in a 49-year-old woman, mimicking an acoustic neuroma on CT cisternography and MRI.
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  • 50
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    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 486-490 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Dynamic contrast enhancement ; Pituitary dwarfism ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined 23 patients with pituitary dwarfism by dynamic MRI; with a repetition time of 150 or 50 ms. The time-enhancement difference curves of selected regions in the anterior lobes were plotted. Another 48 patients with no definite clinical pituitary disfunction were examined with the same technique. We found that the intensity of maximum enhancement in both groups was similar, but the time to achieve maximum enhancement was delayed in pituitary dwarfism with or without stalk transection; the time seemed longest with stalk transection. There was little difference in enhancement between patients with multiple hormone deficiency or isolated growth hormone deficiency. Dynamic MRI of the anterior lobes may be an important functional imaging study, and our results imply that poor perfusion is a useful finding in pituitary dwarfism, especially in patients without stalk transection and normal pituitary height.
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  • 51
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    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 443-444 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Chronic thinner intoxication ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied a 19-year-old man with thinner and toluene poisoning for 5 years by CT and MRI. Symmetrical lesions were seen in the basal ganglia and cingulate gyri.
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  • 52
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    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 438-439 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Progressive dysphasia ; Status epilepticus ; Computed tomography ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Status epilepticus is usually a straightforward diagnosis when a patient has two or more seizures without regaining consciousness. However, when status is nonconvulsive and, in particular, has a temporal lobe flavour the clinical presentation may be misleading. Presentation with automatic or psychic behaviour is well recorded. We report a patient with nonconvulsive status who presented with progressive dysphasia with widespread CT and MRI changes. The dysphasia and imaging changes led to a diagnosis of a probable neoplastic brain process but reversed with anticonvulsant treatment.
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  • 53
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    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 453-455 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Cerebrospinal fluid ; Rhinorrhoea ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied two patients with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhoea with MRI and other imaging modalities. T2-weighted images proved most useful for the detection and localisation of the CSF leakage. MRI appeared to provide an accurate and noninvasive method for preoperative investigation of spontaneous CSF rhinorrhoea.
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  • 54
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension ; Visual loss ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Blood-retinal barrier
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The case is reported of a patient with idiopathic intracranial hypertension examined with magnetic resonance imaging. Marked enhancement of the optic nerve heads was found, which might be related to blood-retinal barrier breakdown related to a sudden rise in intracranial cerebrospinal fluid pressure.
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  • 55
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Meninges ; Contrast enhancement ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe thickening and contrast enhancement of the intracranial pachymeninges, revealed by MRI in a patient with presumed low-pressure headache following dural puncture and a blood patch. The clinical and radiological abnormalities resolved within 2 weeks.
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  • 56
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    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 559-560 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Cervical spine ; Spondylolysis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a case of cervical spondylolysis, unusual in that it was associated with spinal cord compression.
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  • 57
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Sjögren-Larsson syndrome ; Spastic diplegia ; Conduction aphasia ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a case of Sjögren-Larsson syndrome with spastic diplegia and conduction aphasia. MRI demonstrated the white matter changes deep in the cerebral hemispheres. We analyse the MRI findings and compare the results with neuropsychological signs.
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  • 58
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Meningioangiomatosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Malignant meningioma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Meningioangiomatosis (MA) is a rare benign intracranial tumour of uncertain pathogenesis, with only 33 cases reported in the literature. Imaging features have been described in 21 cases, only 3 with contrast-enhanced MRI. We present two cases of MA with MRI and/or CT findings and gross, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical characteristics. MRI is particularly helpful for establishing the origin of the lesion and its anatomical location, while CT shows calcification, if present. The pathological characteristics establish the diagnosis and underline the differences from other entities such as malignant meningioma, one of the most important differential diagnostic considerations.
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  • 59
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    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 127-128 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Central nervous system ; Siderosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe a rare entity, superficial siderosis of the central nervous system, due to multiple small episodes of subarachnoid haemorrhage from any source. Non-specific neurological findings are associated with deposition of ironcontaining pigments in the leptomeninges and superficial layers of the cortex. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates characteristic low signal in the meninges.
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  • 60
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Dermoid cyst ; Spinal tumor ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 33-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of gradually progressive leg weakness. Spinal MRI and myelography with CT demonstrated an extensive intradural abnormality suggesting a diffuse inflammatory or neoplastic process. Only after cranial CT and MRI demonstrated lipid droplets was the diagnosis of a ruptured spinal dermoid cyst suggested. Subsequent laminectomy revealed a ruptured intradural dermoid cyst in the lumbar spine, with chemical arachnoiditis.
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  • 61
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    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 127-128 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Central nervous sys- ; tem ; Siderosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe a rare entity, superficial siderosis of the central nervous system, due to multiple small episodes of subarachnoid haemorrhage from any source. Nonspecific neurological findings are associated with deposition of iron-containing pigments in the leptomeninges and superficial layers of the cortex. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging demonstrates characteristic low signal in the meninges.
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  • 62
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Corpus callosum ; Hydrocephalus ; Dementia ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To investigate morphological changes in the corpus callosum in hydrocephalus and to correlate them with clinical findings we studied sagittal T2*-weighted cine MR images of 163 patients with hydrocephalus. The height, length and cross-sectional area of the corpus callosum were measured and related to the type of cerebrospinal fluid flow anomaly and to clinical features, especially dementia. With expansion of the lateral ventricles the corpus callosum showed mainly elevation of its body and, to a lesser degree, increase in length. Upward bowing was more pronounced in noncommunicating than in communicating hydrocephalus. Dorsal impingement on the corpus callosum by the free edge of the falx correlated with the height of the corpus callosum. Cross-sectional area did not correlate with either height, length or impingement; it was, however, the strongest anatomical discriminator between demented and nondemented patients. The area of the corpus callosum was significantly smaller in patients with white matter disease. Our findings suggest that, due to its plasticity, the corpus callosum can to some degree resist distortion in hydrocephalus. Dementia, although statistically related to atrophy of the corpus callosum, is possibly more directly related to white matter disease.
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  • 63
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Ependymoma ; Posterior cranial fossa ; Children ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography ; Brain tumours
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We studied nine children with posterior cranial fossa ependymomas to identify specific neuroradiological features. Patients were studied preoperatively with CT and MRI; T1-, T2- and proton-density (PD)-weighted images were obtained. All children underwent surgery and a definite histopathological diagnosis was made. All the tumours grew into the fourth ventricle and caused dilatation of its upper part, which resembled a cap. All but one were separated from the vermis by a cleavage plane. In eight cases there was desmoplastic development through the foramina of the fourth ventricle, and five were heterogeneous due to necrosis and cystic change; one had a haemorrhagic area. In most cases the solid portion was isointense with grey matter on T1-weighted images, hyperintense on PD weighting, and isointense on T2-weighted images. On CT the tumour was isodense in six cases and calcification was detected in four. The presence of both desmoplastic development and a tumour/vermis cleavage plane in a posterior cranial fossa tumour isodense on CT is highly suggestive of ependymoma.
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  • 64
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    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 284-286 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Demyelination ; Multiple sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe an atypical MRI appearance of multiple sclerosis (MS). Lesions characterized on T2-weighted images by a well-defined rim of increased signal intensity and a concentric region of higher signal intensity were seen in 6 of 132 patients with MS. On T1-weighted images these lesions were evident as regions of low signal intensity, often with a rim of contrast enhancement or increased signal intensity. These appearances tended to be shown by new, evolving lesions.
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  • 65
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    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 297-302 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Angiographically occult malformation ; Spinal arteriovenous malformation ; Cavernous malformation ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We reviewed 11 cases of intramedullary cavernous haemangiomas (IMCH) studied by MRI, to assess its diagnostic value in these lesions. Follow-up MRI was obtained in five patients 7 days–2 years following the initial study. In one case a postoperative examination was obtained. The diagnosis was pathologically proven in ten cases, and supported in the last by a family and personal history of cavernous haemangiomas. A reticulate appearance with areas of mixed signal intensity in both T1- and T2-weighted images was the most common finding. Homogeneous high, low or intermediate signal intensity was each found in one case. Two small lesions gave low signal. A rim of low signal was less common than in cerebral cavernous haemangiomas. In one case, the brain showed more than 20 lesions with the MRI appearances of cavernous haemangiomas. In two of five patients, serial preoperative MRI showed progressive disappearance of high-signal areas on both T1- and T2-weighted images. To find a haemorrhagic intramedullary lesion on MRI is not rare. Although the appearances are not pathognomonic, an IMCH can be suggested. We suggest that the following characteristics may help: (1) a personal and/or family history of cavernous haemangiomas; (2) typical MRI appearances of mixed acute, subacute and chronic haemorrhage; (3) a tendency for signal intensity to decrease on follow-up; (4) normal spinal angiography; and (5) associated brain lesions.
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  • 66
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis ; Transplantation ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; FK-506 ; Rabbit antithymocyte globulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is a white matter inflammatory disease which usually follows a viral infection or pharmaceutical intervention. We describe a case of presumed ADEM in a heart/lung transplant patient, the etiology of which cannot be elucidated. The fascinating aspect is the mode of clinical presentation and the rapid resolution of radiologic abnormalities. Histologic examination of the brain is provided in an attempt to elucidate the radiographic abnormalities.
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  • 67
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    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 486-490 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Dynamic contrast enhancement ; Pituitary dwarfism ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined 23 patients with pituitary dwarfism by dynamic MRI; with a repetition time of 150 or 50 ms. The time-enhancement difference curves of selected regions in the anterior lobes were plotted. Another 48 patients with no definite clinical pituitary disfunction were examined with the same technique. We found that the intensity of maximum enhancement in both groups was similar, but the time to achieve maximum enhancement was delayed in pituitary dwarfism with or without stalk transection; the time seemed longest with stalk transection. There was little difference in enhancement between patients with multiple hormone deficiency or isolated growth hormone deficiency. Dynamic MRI of the anterior lobes may be an important functional imaging study, and our results imply that poor perfusion is a useful finding in pituitary dwarfism, especially in patients without stalk transection and normal pituitary height.
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  • 68
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Head injury ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Neural networks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An automatic, neural network-based approach was applied to segment normal brain compartments and lesions on MR images. Two supervised networks, backpropagation (BPN) and counterpropagation, and two unsupervised networks, Kohonen learning vector quantizer and analog adaptive resonance theory, were trained on registered T2-weighted and proton density images. The classes of interest were background, gray matter, white matter, cerebrospinal fluid, macrocystic encephalomalacia, gliosis, and “unknown.” A comprehensive feature vector was chosen to discriminate these classes. The BPN combined with feature conditioning, multiple discriminant analysis followed by Hotelling transform, produced the most accurate and consistent classification results. Classifications of normal brain compartments were generally in agreement with expert interpretation of the images. Macrocystic encephalomalacia and gliosis were recognized and, except around the periphery, classified in agreement with the clinician's report used to train the neural network.
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  • 69
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Sjögren-Larsson syndrome ; Spastic diplegia ; Conduction aphasia ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a case of Sjögren-Larsson syndrome with spastic diplegia and conduction aphasia. MRI demonstrated the white matter changes deep in the cerebral hemispheres. We analyse the MRI findings and compare the results with neuropsychological signs.
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  • 70
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Lyme disease ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Gadopentetate dimeglumine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the cranial CT and MRI findings in three children with Lyme disease (neuroborreliosis). The neuroimaging findings in children have been rarely reported. We found cranial MRI far superior to cranial CT. Ring-enhancing lesions have been described in acute disseminating encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis but not in neuroborreliosis. Although other infectious and inflammatory diseases cannot be excluded, Lyme disease should be included in the differential diagnosis and put forward as being the most likely diagnosis in the appropriate clinical setting. Gadopentetate dimeglumine is helpful in assessing the response to antibiotic treatment.
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  • 71
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Cerebral varix ; Venous angioma ; Cerebral vascular malformation ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a patient in whom a varix occurred with a venous angioma, a rare combination of cerebral vascular malformations. During our review of the 7 previously reported cases, we discovered that all 8 venous angiomas were relatively large and supratentorial, and that the varices involved the veins draining then.
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  • 72
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Germ cell tumour ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Computed tomography ; Gd-DTPA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We reviewed MRI findings in proven intracranial germ cell tumours in 22 cases, 12 of whom received Gd-DTPA. On T1-weighted images, the signal intensity of the tumour parenchyma was moderately low in 19 cases and isointense in 3; on T2-weighted images, it was high in all cases. Regions of different intensity thought to be cysts were found in 17 (77%): 7 of 12 patients with germinoma (58%) and in all other cases. Of the 13 patients with pineal lesions T1-weighted sagittal images showed the aqueduct to be obstructed in 5, stenotic in 7 and normal in 1. Strong contrast enhancement was observed in all 12 cases. Of the 14 patients with suprasellar lesions, 5 were found to have an intrasellar extension, and in 3 of these, the normal pituitary gland, which could be distinguished from the tumour, was displaced anteriorly. Ten patients (45%) had multiple lesions.
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  • 73
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Gadolinium enhancement ; Multiple sclerosis ; Immunosuppression ; Mitoxantrone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Serial gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to monitor the effect of mitoxantrone in ten patients with rapidly deteriorating multiple sclerosis (MS). MRI was performed as a baseline and thereafter at 1,3,6,9,12 and 24 months. The total number of Gd-enhancing lesions diminished from 169 at baseline to 10 after 1 year and to 5 after 2 years. This reduction and the percentage of follow-up MRI studies showing no Gd enhancement were more pronounced than in other MRI studies of the natural course of MS. Measured with quantitative neurological scales, only one patient showed deterioration after 2 years; nevertheless, the changes in MRI were much more marked than those observed clinically. Serial Gd-MRI therefore, seems necessary for documenting efficacy in future therapeutic trails.
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  • 74
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    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 155-158 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Epidermoid carcinoma ; Malignant epidermoid cyst ; Squamous cell carcinoma ; Cerebellopontine angle tumour ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a patient with an epidermoid carcinoma an extremely rare brain tumour, in the right cerebellopontine angle cistern. Contrast enhancement is the most important feature for differential diagnosis of epidermoid carcinomas from atypical benign epidermoid cysts.
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  • 75
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    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 356-361 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Moyamoya disease ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Cerebral angiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Our purpose was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of MRI in moyamoya disease. We studied 30 patients with this disease, comparing MRI and angiographic findings. The diagnostic value of MRI was evaluated for occlusive lesions, collateral vessels, and parenchymal lesions. In all patients bilateral occlusion or stenosis of the supraclinoid internal carotid artery and proximal anterior and middle cerebral arteries was clearly shown by MRI, and staging of the extent of occlusion agreed with angiographic staging in 44 (73 %) of 60 arteries. MRI, particularly coronal images, clearly showed basal cerebral moyamoya vessels in 54 hemispheres, and 45 of a total of 71 large leptomeningeal and transdural collateral vessels were identified. MRI also showed parenchymal lesions in 48 (80 %) hemispheres, and the extent of occlusion in the anterior and posterior circulations respectively correlated with white matter and cortical and/or subcortical infarcts.
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  • 76
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    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 374-377 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Spinal cord ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Myelopathy ; Radiotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using MRI we assessed the changes in signal, size, and contrast enhancement characteristics of the cervical spinal cord in radiation myelopathy developing after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. We studied two men and five women, aged 40–77 years. The first MRI study was performed 1–4 months after the initial clinical manifestations of myelopathy, and follow-up MRI 2–22 months after the onset of symptoms. On the first study, all patients showed low signal intensity in a long segment of the cervical spinal cord on T1-weighted images, high signal on T2*-weighted images, and focal contrast enhancement at C1–2. In five patients there was also swelling of the spinal cord. The site of eccentric focal contrast enhancement correlated with the clinical manifestations. Follow-up imaging less than 10 months after the onset of symptoms showed no significant changes in signal intensity. Focal contrast enhancement at C1–2 remained the same in three patients, was more dense and larger in one, and less dense in another. Subsidence of swelling was seen in two patients. Atrophy of the spinal cord at C1–2, without abnormal signal and with faint contrast enhancement at C1–2 was revealed as early as 10 months after the onset of symptoms, but the contrast enhancement disappeared by 22 months. There was no correlation between clinical manifestations and spinal cord atrophy on MRI.
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  • 77
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    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 445-446 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Brain iron ; Thinner intoxication ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present a case of paint-thinner intoxication in which MRI showed lesions in both white matter and basal ganglia.
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  • 78
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    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 445-446 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Brain iron ; Thinner intoxication ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present a case of paint-thinner intoxication in which MRI showed lesions in both white matter and basal ganglia.
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  • 79
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    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 465-467 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Leiomyosarcoma, bone ; Spine ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present a 39-year-old man with tumour of the eighth thoracic vertebra, causing compression of the spinal cord. The tumour proved to be a primary leiomyosarcoma (LMS) of bone, an uncommon neoplasm; to our knowledge this is the first report of primary LMS in the spine. The lesion was documented by plain radiography, myelography, CT, MRI and digital subtraction angiography. These investigations did help to focus on the differential diagnosis and demonstrated the extent of the bony lesion, the findings were nonspecific, and the correct diagnosis was established by pathological examination.
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  • 80
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    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 471-474 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Paranasal sinuses ; Incidental finding ; Interval change ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Abnormal opacification of paranasal sinuses on brain MRI was studied in 178 consecutive adult patients who underwent two examinations separated by at least 4 months because of suspected neurological disease. Sinus abnormality was present in 79 (44%) patients; in 60% the abnormality involved two or more sinuses and it was bilateral in 51%. The most frequently abnormal sinus was the maxillary (46%), followed by the ethmoid (32%), sphenoid (16%), and frontal sinuses (6%). Interval occurrence or complete resolution of abnormalities was observed in 52% of patients (66% of the sinuses). In the remaining 48% of patients the abnormalities were present on two or more examinations, unchanged or of increased or decreased severity. The most frequent interval changing abnormalities were complete sinus opacification and fluid levels, followed by irregular mucoperiosteal thickening more than 4 mm thick. No polypoid abnormalities (polyps or mucosal cysts) decreased over time.
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  • 81
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome ; Orbital pseudotumour ; Fat saturation ; Gadolinium ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome encompasses a group of inflammatory conditions for which no systemic or local cause can be found, and is commonly referred to as orbital pseudotumour. On conventional MRI sequences subtle areas of inflammation or enhancing tissue can easily be masked by the high signal intensity of orbital fat and involvement of the fat itself may not be appreciated. We describe the MRI features of three patients with idiopathic orbital inflammation using frequency-selective fat saturation and Gd-DTPA.
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  • 82
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Head injury ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Neural networks
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An automatic, neural network-based approach was applied to segment normal brain compartments and lesions on MR images. Two supervised networks, backpropagation (BPN) and counterpropagation, and two unsupervised networks, Kohonen learning vector quantizer and analog adaptive resonance theory, were trained on registered T2-weighted and proton density images. The classes of interest were background, gray matter, white matter, cerebrospinal fluid, macrocystic encephalomalacia, gliosis, and “unknown.” A comprehensive feature vector was chosen to discriminate these classes. The BPN combined with feature conditioning, multiple discriminant analysis followed by Hotelling transform, produced the most accurate and consistent classification results. Classifications of normal brain compartments were generally in agreement with expert interpretation of the images. Macrocystic encephalomalacia and gliosis were recognized and, except around the periphery, classified in agreement with the clinician's report used to train the neural network.
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  • 83
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging ; Brain neoplasms ; Tissue characterisation ; Magnetisation transfer contrast ; Gadolinium-DTPA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We performed MRI on 85 patients with intracranial tumours to evaluate quantitative analysis in tumour characterisation. Signal intensities were measured on standard T2-and T1-weighted images, Gd-enhanced T1-weighted images and magnetisation transfer (MT) images. Statistically significant differences between tumour types were observed, but overlapping reduces their value. T2-weighted imaging was superior to T1-weighted imaging for tumour characterisation. Quantification of Gd enhancement was useful in the diagnosis of pituitary adenomas and haemangioblastomas, but of minor importance in other tumours, because of large nonspecific variation. The contribution of MT contrast to tumour characterisation resembled that of T2 contrast. However, MT imaging was superior to other sequences in the classification of intra-axial tumours. Low-grade astrocytomas, haemangioblastomas and craniopharyngiomas could be differentiated from other tumours on the basis of MT contrast. Reliable discrimination between meningiomas, high-grade astrocytomas and metastases was not possible by any of the methods.
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  • 84
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Brain neoplasms ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Neuroma ; Meningioma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Dynamic MRI was performed on 22 patients with extra-axial intracranial tumours. Serial images were obtained every 30 s for 3 min using a spin-echo sequence (TR 200, TE 15 ms) after rapid injection of Gd-DTPA, 0.1 mmol/kg body weight. The contrast medium enhancement ratio (CER) was correlated with the histology of the tumours. Meningiomas and extra-axial metastases showed a sharp rise, then a gradual decline. Although both had a definite early peak of CER, metastases showed a more rapid decline. Neuromas and extra-axial lymphoma showed a slow, steady increase with no peak within 180 s. This study indicates that the CER is helpful in the differentiation of extra-axial tumours.
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  • 85
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    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 104-108 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Brain neoplasm ; diagnosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Medulloblastoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Medulloblastomas are generally associated with childhood, but 14–30 % occur in adults, accounting for 1 % of adult central nervous system tumors. While approximately one third of adult medulloblastomas present as vermian tumors similar to those seen in childhood, the majority differ substantially from the childhood variety. In this series of 13 patients, 5 had lateral, seemingly extra-axial masses in the cerebellopontine angle or at the tentorium, simulating meningiomas or acoustic neuromas, but angiographic hypovascularity in 2 of the latter suggested a diagnosis other than meningioma. Of 4 paramedian tumors, 3 diffusely infiltrated the cerebellar white matter, showed little or no gadolinium enhancement and were not associated with hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus was present in less than half of our patients; in childhood the reported incidence is 85–100 %. A possible association with pregnancy was noted.
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  • 86
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Histiocytosis ; Langerhans cell ; Brain diseases ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a systemic disorder consisting of abnormal histiocyte proliferation, in the form of focal deposits. Central nervous system involvement is most common in the hypothalamus, although other sites have been described, such as the cerebellum and the meninges. We present a case with presumed involvement of the corpus callosum and cerebellum, demonstrating gadolinium enhancement on MRI.
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  • 87
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    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 303-307 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Spine ; neoplasm ; Lymphoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We reviewed the MRI features in eight patients with spinal epidural lymphoma (clinically primary in 4 patients); one patient had multiple lesions. The cervical spine was involved in one patient, the thoracolumbar spine in 5 and the sacrum in two. Mean longitudinal extension of the epidural lesion was 2.6 vertebral segments. The tumours were homogeneously isointense with the spinal cord on T1-weighted images and isointense or hyperintense on proton-density and T2-weighted images. The spinal cord was compressed in four patients but showed signal changes in only one. In five patients the lesions communicated through the intervertebral foramina with paravertebral soft tissue masses. In all but one of the patients diffuse signal changes in the vertebral body marrow consistent with osteolytic or osteoblastic changes were identified adjacent to or at distance from the epidural lesion. Vertebral collapse was observed in two patients.
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  • 88
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    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 326-327 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Osteoblastoma ; Skull ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated a 27-year-old woman with a retroauricular tumour. MRI revealed a signal void on T1- and T2-weighted images, and irregular enhancement with gadolinium-DTPA. The underlying dura mater also enhanced. The tumour was resected completely, and histological examination showed a benign osteoblastoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 89
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    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 287-288 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Corpus callosum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Abnormal high signal in the corticospinal tracts on MRI has been described in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We report a case with further high signal in fibres of the corpus callosum on proton density and T2-weighted spin-echo images, closely matching findings of earlier pathological reports.
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  • 90
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    Springer
    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 284-286 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Demyelination ; Multiple sclerosis ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe an atypical MRI appearance of multiple sclerosis (MS). Lesions characterized on T2-weighted images by a well-defined rim of increased signal intensity and a concentric region of higher signal intensity were seen in 6 of 132 patients with MS. On T1-weighted images these lesions were evident as regions of low signal intensity, often with a rim of contrast enhancement or increased signal intensity. These appearances tended to be shown by new, evolving lesions.
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  • 91
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Histiocytosis ; Langerhans cell ; Brain diseases ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a systemic disorder consisting of abnormal histiocyte proliferation, in the form of focal deposits. Central nervous system involvement is most common in the hypothalamus, although other sites have been described, such as the cerebellum and the meninges. We present a case with presumed involvement of the corpus callosum and cerebellum, demonstrating gadolinium enhancement on MRI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 92
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Internal auditory canal ; Acoustic schwannoma ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Prospective baseline MRI was obtained on 31 patients who had “total” removal of acoustic schwannoma 6 months to 9 years previously. Follow-up MRI was performed after 1–2 years on patients with questionable abnormalities. We found four patterns (1) internal auditory canals (IAC) with nonenhancing soft-tissue strands, possibly scars or distorted residual nerves (8); (2) IAC with marginal enhancement-reactive dura mater (16); (3) IAC with contrast-enhancing globular tissues suggesting residual or recurrent tumour (5); (4) high-signal intensity in the IAC before contrast medium administration, probably related to graft with fat/fascia/muscle (2). Prospective 1-to 2-year follow-up studies were available in 8, 5, and 1 patients in groups 2, 3, and 4 respectively. In group 2, dural enhancement remained unchanged in 5 patients and decreased in 3. In group 3 follow-up showed 1 tumor recurrence (surgically confirmed) and 4 stable abnormalities. In group 4, follow-up in 1 of the 2 patients was stable. In groups 1 and 2, the MRI features correlate well with complete tumor removal. Whether follow-up in these groups is indicated needs to be determined. In group 3 residual or recurrent tumor cannot be excluded. In group 4, grafts may prevent adequate visualization of the IAC.
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  • 93
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Children ; Chloral hydrate ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Sedation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Orally administered chloral hydrate is the most widely used sedative in children undergoing MRI. We compared intermediate-and high-dose oral chloral hydrate in 97 consecutive children undergoing MRI in a prospective, controlled, double-blind, randomised clinical trial. There were 50 girls and 47 boys, mean weight (±SD) 14.7±6.4 kg, and mean age 38±31. The children were randomly allocated to receive chloral hydrate syrup either 70 mg/kg (group A,n=50) or 100 mg/kg (group B,n=47). These two groups were not significantly different in sex, weight, age, diagnosis or ambulatory medication. The mean initial dose (±SEM) was 64±2 mg/kg for group A and 93±2 mg/kg for group B. Because adequate sedation was not achieved, 14 patients in group A and 6 in group B required a second dose, giving a mean total dose of 70±2 mg/kg for group A and 96±2 mg/kg for group B. The percentage of successful examinations after the initial dose (A: 64%, B: 87%;p〈0.05) and the total dose (A: 92%, B: 100%;p=0.14) was higher in group B. Significant differences were found for the time of onset of sedation (A: 28±2 min, B: 21±1 min;p〈0.05), but not for the time to spontaneous awakening after the completion of the examination. The rate of adverse reactions was similar (A: 20%, B: 21%;p=1.00). We conclude that high-dose oral chloral hydrate improves the management of children undergoing MRI.
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  • 94
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words White matter signal changes ; Normal aging ; N-Acetylaspartate ; Ischemia ; Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract White matter signal hyperintensities (WMSH) are commonly seen on MRI of elderly subjects. The purpose of this study was to characterize metabolic changes in the white matter of elderly subjects with extensive WMSH. We used water-suppressed proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) to compare six subjects with extensive WMSH with eight age-matched elderly subjects with minimal or absent WMSH, and phosphorus (31P) MRSI to compare nine subjects with extensive WMSH and seven age-matched elderly subjects without extensive WMSH. Relative to region-matched tissue in elderly controls, extensive WMSH were associated with increased signal from choline-containing metabolites, no significant change of signal from N-acetylaspartate, and a trend to a decreased phosphomonoester (PME) resonance. These findings suggest that WMSH may be associated with an alteration of brain myelin phospholipids in the absence of axonal damage. There were no differences in energy phosphates, consistent with lack of ongoing brain ischemia. Within the group with extensive WMSH, PME resonance measures were significantly lower in WMSH than in contralateral normal-appearing white matter. These results provide information on pathophysiology of WMSH and a basis for comparison with WMSH in Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, multiple sclerosis, and other diseases.
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  • 95
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: White matter signal changes ; Normal aging ; N-Acetylaspartate ; Ischemia ; Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract White matter signal hyperintensities (WMSH) are commonly seen on MRI of elderly subjects. The purpose of this study was to characterize metabolic changes in the white matter of elderly subjects with extensive WMSH. We used water-suppressed proton (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) to compare six subjects with extensive WMSH with eight age-matched elderly subjects with minimal or absent WMSH, and phosphorus (31P) MRSI to compare nine subjects with extensive WMSH and seven age-matched elderly subjects without extensive WMSH. Relative to region-matched tissue in elderly controls, extensive WMSH were associated with increased signal from choline-containing metabolites, no significant change of signal fromN-acetylaspartate, and a trend to a decreased phosphomonoester (PME) resonance. These findings suggest that WMSH may be associated with an alteration of brain myelin phospholipids in the absence of axonal damage. There were no differences in energy phosphates, consistent with lack of ongoing brain ischemia. Within the group with extensive WMSH, PME resonance measures were significantly lower in WMSH than in contralateral normal-appearing white matter. These results provide information on pathophysiology of WMSH and a basis for comparison with WMSH in Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, multiple sclerosis, and other diseases.
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  • 96
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Pineal region tumours ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Germ cell tumours ; Pineal cell tumours ; Meningiomas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A variety of tumours may arise in the pineal region; accurate diagnosis is important in the selection of treatment and prognosis. A retrospective analysis of the MRI studies of 25 patients with pathologically proven pineal region tumours was performed, focused on the relationship between the tumour and neighbouring structures. Compression of the tectal plate was classified as expansive or invasive, and compression of the corpus callosum as inferior, anterior or posterior. In 10 of the 14 patients (71%) with germ cell tumours tectal compression was of the invasive type; 8 patients (57%) had multiple tumours and in 13 (93%) the tumour margins were irregular. Teratomas were readily diagnosed because of characteristic heterogeneous signal intensity. Pineal cell tumours were differentiated from germ cell tumours by their rounded shape, solid nature, sharp margins, and expansive type of tectal compression. Meningiomas were characterised by their falcotentorial attachments, posterior callosal compression, and a low-intensity rim on T2-weighted images. Gd-DTPA injection enabled clear demonstration of the site and extent of tumour spread and was useful in differentiating cystic and solid components. The appearances described, while not pathognomonic, are helpful in the differential diagnosis of pineal region tumours, and valuable in planning appropriate treatment.
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  • 97
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    Neuroradiology 37 (1995), S. 631-635 
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Tissue characterisation ; Carotid artery ; Atheromatous plaque ; Intramural haemorrhage ; Magnetic resonance imaging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Carotid artery plaques with intraplaque haemorrhage or atheromatous debris have been found to be associated with an increased risk of embolic stroke. Other methods have failed to detect plaque morphology, and it is not clear whether MRI allows differentiation between prognostically and therapeutically relevant plaque types. We examined 17 carotid bifurcation plaques which had been removed in toto by MRI. For quantifying MR signal intensities (I) the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was used: (ITissue-IRef)/SDRef, with normal saline (0.9%) as reference (Ref) and the standard deviation (SD) of the noise. Measurements were correlated with the histopathological appearance of “simple plaques”, consisting of fibrous intimal thickening, lipid deposits and/or atheromatous tissue with cholesterol crystals, largely calcified plaques, and “complicated plaques”, containing recent intramural haemorrhage or friable atheromatous debris. Significantly different mean CNR could be measured in the three plaque types on T1- and T2-weighted sequences (p〈0.00001) and using the FLASH pulse sequence with a flip angle of 15° (p〈0.001). With the T1-weighted sequence simple plaques showed a CNR of 4.4±2.3, calcified plaques −4.8±2.5 and complicated plaques 15.1±4.3. Using this technique, each single plaque could be correctly classified, an unalterable prerequisite for a clinical application. To date, motion artefacts due to patient movement or insufficiently triggerable vessel pulsation in combination with relative long acquisition times (6–7 min) have limited in vivo investigations. If these problems could be overcome, MRI might become a valuable technique for studying carotid plaque morphology.
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  • 98
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Brain neoplasms ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Neuroma ; Meningioma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Dynamic MRI was performed on 22 patients with extra-axial intracranial tumours. Serial images were obtained every 30 s for 3 min using a spin-echo sequence (TR 200, TE 15 ms) after rapid injection of Gd-DTPA, 0.1 mmol/kg body weight. The contrast medium enhancement ratio (CER) was correlated with the histology of the tumours. Meningiomas and extra-axial metastases showed a sharp rise, then a gradual decline. Although both had a definite early peak of CER, metastases showed a more rapid decline. Neuromas and extra-axial lymphoma showed a slow, steady increase with no peak within 180 s. This study indicates that the CER is helpful in the differentiation of extra-axial tumours.
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  • 99
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Key words Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Prion protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report a 66-year-old woman with histologically diagnosed Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD), followed with MRI from an early clinical stage. MRI demonstrated expansion of the high cortical signal on T2-weighted images, which differs from previous MRI reports of CJD. This patient followed an atypical clinical course: 16 months had passed before she developed akinetic mutism, and periodic sharp waves had not been detected on EEG after 2 years in spite of her akinetic mutism. Brain biopsy showed primary spongiform changes in the grey matter, and a point mutation of the prion protein gene at codon 180 was discovered using polymerase chain reaction direct sequencing and Tth 111 I cutting. This is the first case with the point mutation of the codon 180 variant with an atypical clinical course and characteristic MRI findings.
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  • 100
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Brain ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Posterior fossa, anomalies
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The clinical and MRI findings in two cases of rhombencephalosynapsis (RS) and two of tectocerebellar dysraphia (TCD) with an associated occipital encephalocele were studied to elucidate the clinical picture and embryogenesis of these rare anomalies. To our knowledge, only one case of TCD [1] and four of RS [2, 3] examined by MRI during life have been reported. The clinical picture in the cases of RS was rather constant and there were similarities with TCD. Consideration of the embryogenesis of the neural tube suggests a temporal proximity of the abnormalities, with TCD arising at a slightly earlier time.
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