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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters B 294 (1992), S. 466-478 
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters B 317 (1993), S. 474-484 
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    E-Resource
    E-Resource
    München :Linux New Media, ; 2010(2011) - 2013(2014); damit Ersch. eingest.
    Title: Admin : Netzwerk & Security; Jahres-DVD : der komplette Jahrgang ... auf einer DVD, Elektronische Ressource
    Publisher: München :Linux New Media,
    Year of publication: 2011-2014
    Dates of Publication: 2010(2011) - 2013(2014); damit Ersch. eingest.
    Pages: DVDs
    ISSN: 2191-4494 , 2191-4494
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Language: German
    Former Title: Hauptsacht. vom Behältnis
    Note: Periodizität: jährl.
    Parallel Title: Admin
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Description: Branch-and-bound methods for mixed-integer programming (MIP) are traditionally based on solving a linear programming (LP) relaxation and branching on a variable which takes a fractional value in the (single) computed relaxation optimum. In this paper we study branching strategies for mixed-integer programs that exploit the knowledge of multiple alternative optimal solutions (a cloud) of the current LP relaxation. These strategies naturally extend state-of-the-art methods like strong branching, pseudocost branching, and their hybrids. We show that by exploiting dual degeneracy, and thus multiple alternative optimal solutions, it is possible to enhance traditional methods. We present preliminary computational results, applying the newly proposed strategy to full strong branching, which is known to be the MIP branching rule leading to the fewest number of search nodes. It turns out that cloud branching can reduce the mean running time by up to 30% on standard test sets.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 5
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    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Description: For mixed integer programming, recent years have seen a growing interest in the design of general purpose primal heuristics for use inside complete solvers. Many of these heuristics rely on an optimal LP solution. Finding this may itself take a significant amount of time. The presented paper addresses this issue by the introduction of the Shift-And-Propagate heuristic. Shift-And-Propagate is a pre-root primal heuristic that does not require a previously found LP solution. It applies domain propagation techniques to quickly drive a variable assignment towards feasibility. Computational experiments indicate that this heuristic is a powerful supplement of existing rounding and propagation heuristics.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Recently, we compared the performance of mixed-integer programming (MIP), constraint programming (CP), and constraint integer programming (CIP) to a state-of-the-art logic-based Benders manual decomposition (LBBD) for a resource allocation/scheduling problem. For a simple linear relaxation, the LBBD and CIP models deliver comparable performance with MIP also performing well. Here we show that algorithmic developments in CIP plus the use of an existing tighter relaxation substantially improve one of the CIP approaches. Furthermore, the use of the same relaxation in LBBD and MIP models significantly improves their performance. While such a result is known for LBBD, to the best of our knowledge, the other results are novel. Our experiments show that both CIP and MIP approaches are competitive with LBBD in terms of the number of problems solved to proven optimality, though MIP is about three times slower on average. Further, unlike the LBBD and CIP approaches, the MIP model is able to obtain provably high-quality solutions for all problem instances.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Optimization-based bound tightening (OBBT) is a domain reduction technique commonly used in nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear programming that solves a sequence of auxiliary linear programs. Each variable is minimized and maximized to obtain the tightest bounds valid for a global linear relaxation. This paper shows how the dual solutions of the auxiliary linear programs can be used to learn what we call Lagrangian variable bound constraints. These are linear inequalities that explain OBBT's domain reductions in terms of the bounds on other variables and the objective value of the incumbent solution. Within a spatial branch-and-bound algorithm, they can be learnt a priori (during OBBT at the root node) and propagated within the search tree at very low computational cost. Experiments with an implementation inside the MINLP solver SCIP show that this reduces the number of branch-and-bound nodes and speeds up solution times.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Description: We provide a computational study of the performance of a state-of-the-art solver for nonconvex mixed-integer quadratically constrained programs (MIQCPs). Since successful general-purpose solvers for large problem classes necessarily comprise a variety of algorithmic techniques, we focus especially on the impact of the individual solver components. The solver SCIP used for the experiments implements a branch-and-cut algorithm based on a linear relaxation to solve MIQCPs to global optimality. Our analysis is based on a set of 86 publicly available test instances.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2022-03-11
    Description: Potassium is fundamental for cell functioning including signal transduction, acid-base- and water-metabolism. Since diet of dairy cows is generally rich in potassium, hypokalemia was not in the focus of research for long time. Furthermore, hypokalemia was not frequently diagnosed because blood potassium content is difficult to measure. In recent years, measurement methods have been improved. Nowadays hypokalemia is increasingly diagnosed in cows with disorders such as abomasal displacement, ketosis or down cow syndrome, calling for intensified research on this topic. In this report we describe the development of a basic mechanistic, dynamic model of potassium balance based on ordinary differential and algebraic equations. Parameter values are obtained from data of a clinical trial in which potassium balance and the influence of therapeutic intervention in glucose and electrolyte metabolism on potassium balance in non-lactating dairy cows were studied. The model is formulated at a high abstraction level and includes information and hypotheses from literature. This work represents a first step towards the understanding and design of effective prophylactic feed additives and treatment strategies.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: This is a technical report for the SCIP constraint handler cons_bivariate. We describe a cut-generation algorithm for a class of bivariate twice continuously differentiable functions with fixed convexity behavior over a box. Computational results comparing our cut-generation algorithms with state-of-the-art global optimization software on a series of randomly generated test instances are reported and discussed.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/x-gzip
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Description: In this paper, we present a new branching strategy for nonconvex MINLP that aims at driving the created subproblems towards linearity. It exploits the structure of a minimum cover of an MINLP, a smallest set of variables that, when fixed, render the remaining system linear: whenever possible, branching candidates in the cover are preferred. Unlike most branching strategies for MINLP, Undercover branching is not an extension of an existing MIP branching rule. It explicitly regards the nonlinearity of the problem while branching on integer variables with a fractional relaxation solution. Undercover branching can be naturally combined with any variable-based branching rule. We present computational results on a test set of general MINLPs from MINLPLib, using the new strategy in combination with reliability branching and pseudocost branching. The computational cost of Undercover branching itself proves negligible. While it turns out that it can influence the variable selection only on a smaller set of instances, for those that are affected, significant improvements in performance are achieved.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Description: In modern MIP solvers, primal heuristics play a major role in finding and improving feasible solutions early in the solution process. However, classical performance measures such as time to optimality or number of branch-and-bound nodes reflect the impact of primal heuristics on the overall solving process badly. This article discusses the question of how to evaluate the effect of primal heuristics. Therefore, we introduce a new performance measure, the "primal integral" which depends on the quality of solutions found during the solving process as well as on the points in time when they are found. Our computational results reveal that heuristics improve the performance of MIP solvers in terms of the primal bound by around 80%. Further, we compare five state-of-the-art MIP solvers w.r.t. the newly proposed measure.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We consider a nonlinear nonconvex network design problem that arises in the extension of natural gas transmission networks. Given is such network with active and passive components, that is, valves, compressors, pressure regulators (active) and pipelines (passive), and a desired amount of flow at certain specified entry and exit nodes of the network. Besides flow conservation constraints in the nodes the flow must fulfill nonlinear nonconvex pressure loss constraints on the arcs subject to potential values (i.e., pressure levels) in both end nodes of each arc. Assume that there does not exist a feasible flow that fulfills all physical constraints and meets the desired entry and exit amounts. Then a natural question is where to extend the network by adding pipes in the most economic way such that this flow becomes feasible. Answering this question is computationally demanding because of the difficult problem structure. We use mixed-integer nonlinear programming techniques that rely on an outer approximation of the overall problem, and a branching on decision variables. We formulate a new class of valid inequalities (or cutting planes) which reduce the overall solution time when added to the formulation. We demonstrate the computational merits of our approach on test instances.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2021-03-16
    Description: The recently imposed new gas market liberalization rules in Germany lead to a change of business of gas network operators. While previously network operator and gas vendor where united, they were forced to split up into independent companies. The network has to be open to any other gas trader at the same conditions, and free network capacities have to be identified and publicly offered in a non-discriminatory way. We show that these new paradigms lead to new and challenging mathematical optimization problems. In order to solve them and to provide meaningful results for practice, all aspects of the underlying problems, such as combinatorics, stochasticity, uncertainty, and nonlinearity, have to be addressed. With such special-tailored solvers, free network capacities and topological network extensions can, for instance, be determined.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2021-01-22
    Description: The performance of heuristic search algorithms depends crucially on the effectiveness of the heuristic. A pattern database (PDB) is a powerful heuristic in the form of a pre-computed lookup table. Larger PDBs provide better bounds and thus allow more cut-offs in the search process. Today, the largest PDB for the 24-puzzle is a 6-6-6-6 PDB with a size of 486 MB. We created 8-8-8, 9-8-7 and 9-9-6 PDBs that are three orders of magnitude larger (up to 1.4 TB) than the 6-6-6-6 PDB. We show how to compute such large PDBs and we present statistical and empirical data on their efficiency. The largest single PDB gives on average an 8-fold improvement over the 6-6-6-6 PDB. Combining several large PDBs gives on average an 12-fold improvement.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Sports rankings are obtained by applying a system of rules to evaluate the performance of the participants in a competition. We consider rankings that result from assigning an ordinal rank to each competitor according to their performance. We develop an integer programming model for rankings that allows us to calculate the number of points needed to guarantee a team the ith position, as well as the minimum number of points that could yield the ith place. The model is very general and can thus be applied to many types of sports. We discuss examples coming from football (soccer), ice hockey, and Formula~1. We answer various questions and debunk a few myths along the way. Are 40 points enough to avoid relegation in the Bundesliga? Do 95 points guarantee the participation of a team in the NHL playoffs? Moreover, in the season restructuration currently under consideration in the NHL, will it be easier or harder to access the playoffs? Is it possible to win the Formula~1 World Championship without winning at least one race or without even climbing once on the podium? Finally, we observe that the optimal solutions of the aforementioned model are associated to extreme situations which are unlikely to happen. Thus, to get closer to realistic scenarios, we enhance the model by adding some constraints inferred from the results of the previous years.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We consider a production planning problem where two competing companies are selling their items on a common market. Moreover, the raw material used in the production is a limited non-renewable resource. The revenue per item sold depends on the total amount of items produced by both players. If they collaborate they could apply a production strategy that leads to the highest combined revenue. Usually the formation of such syndicates is prohibited by law; hence we assume that one company does not know how much the other company will produce. We formulate the problem for company A to find an optimal production plan without information on the strategy of company B as a nonlinear mathematical optimization problem. In its naive formulation the model is too large, making its solution practically impossible. After a reformulation we find a much smaller model, which we solve by spatial branch-and-cut methods and linear programming. We discuss the practical implications of our solutions.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: The System Dynamics (SD) methodology is a framework for modeling and simulating the dynamic behavior of socioeconomic systems. Characteristic for the description of such systems is the occurrence of feedback loops together with stocks and flows. The mathematical equations that describe the system are usually nonlinear. Therefore seemingly simple systems can show a nonintuitive, nonpredictable behavior over time. Controlling a dynamical system means to define a desired final state in which the system should be, and to specify potential interventions from outside that should keep the system on the right track. The central question is how to compute such globally optimal control for a given SD model. We propose a branch-and-bound approach that is based on a bound propagation method, primal heuristics, and spatial branching. We apply our new SD-control method to a small System Dynamics model, that describes the evolution of a social-economic system over time. We examine the problem of steering this system on a sustainable consumption path.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: The Scenario Technique is a strategic planning method that aims to describe and analyze potential developments of a considered system in the future. Its application consists of several steps, from an initial problem analysis over an influence analysis to projections of key factors and a definition of the scenarios to a final interpretation of the results. The technique itself combines qualitative and quantitative methods and is an enhancement of the standard Scenario Technique. We use the numerical values gathered during the influence analysis, and embed them in a System Dynamics framework. This yields a mathematically rigorous way to achieve predictions of the system‘s future behavior from an initial impulse and the feedback structure of the factors. The outcome of our new method is a further way of projecting the present into the future, which enables the user of the Scenario Technique to obtain a validation of the results achieved by the standard method.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: This paper presents efficient computational techniques for solving an optimization problem in cardiac defibrillation governed by the monodomain equations. Time-dependent electrical currents injected at different spatial positions act as the control. Inexact Newton-CG methods are used, with reduced gradient computation by adjoint solves. In order to reduce the computational complexity, adaptive mesh refinement for state and adjoint equations is performed. To reduce the high storage and bandwidth demand imposed by adjoint gradient and Hessian-vector evaluations, a lossy compression technique for storing trajectory data is applied. An adaptive choice of quantization tolerance based on error estimates is developed in order to ensure convergence. The efficiency of the proposed approach is demonstrated on numerical examples.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Two fundamental mathematical formulations for railway timetabling are compared on a common set of sample problems, representing both multiple track high density services in Europe and single track bidirectional operations in North America. One formulation, ACP, enforces against conflicts by constraining time intervals between trains, while the other formulation, HGF, monitors physical occupation of controlled track segments. The results demonstrate that both ACP and HGF return comparable solutions in the aggregate, with some significant differences in select instances, and a pattern of significant differences in performance and constraint enforcement overall.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We consider the following freight train routing problem (FTRP). Given is a transportation network with fixed routes for passenger trains and a set of freight trains (requests), each defined by an origin and destination station pair. The objective is to calculate a feasible route for each freight train such that a sum of all expected delays and all running times is minimal. Previous research concentrated on microscopic train routings for junctions or inside major stations. Only recently approaches were developed to tackle larger corridors or even networks. We investigate the routing problem from a strategic perspective, calculating the routes in a macroscopic transportation network of Deutsche Bahn AG. Here macroscopic refers to an aggregation of complex real-world structures are into fewer network elements. Moreover, the departure and arrival times of freight trains are approximated. The problem has a strategic character since it asks only for a coarse routing through the network without the precise timings. We give a mixed-integer nonlinear programming~(MINLP) formulation for FTRP, which is a multi-commodity flow model on a time-expanded graph with additional routing constraints. The model's nonlinearities are due to an algebraic approximation of the delays of the trains on the arcs of the network by capacity restraint functions. The MINLP is reduced to a mixed-integer linear model~(MILP) by piecewise linear approximation. The latter is solved by a state of the art MILP solver for various real-world test instances.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: In this paper we study the cost-optimal deployment of optical access networks considering variants of the problem such as fiber to the home (FTTH), fiber to the building (FTTB), fiber to the curb (FTTC), or fiber to the neighborhood (FTTN). We identify the combinatorial structures of the most important sub-problems arising in this area and model these, e.g., as capacitated facility location, concentrator location, or Steiner tree problems. We discuss modeling alternatives as well. We finally construct a “unified” integer programming model that combines all sub-models and provides a global view of all these FTTx problems. We also summarize computational studies of various special cases.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2019-10-24
    Language: German
    Type: annualzib , doc-type:report
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2020-03-11
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2019-01-24
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2019-01-24
    Language: English
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2019-01-24
    Language: English
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2020-05-06
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2019-01-24
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2019-01-24
    Language: English
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2019-01-24
    Language: English
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2021-01-21
    Language: English
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2016-06-30
    Language: English
    Type: poster , doc-type:Other
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2020-08-21
    Language: English
    Type: conferenceobject , doc-type:conferenceObject
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2016-06-30
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2016-06-30
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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  • 38
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    Publication Date: 2021-01-21
    Language: English
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2021-01-21
    Language: English
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2020-05-13
    Language: English
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2016-06-30
    Language: English
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2021-02-01
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2021-01-22
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2020-03-11
    Description: Knochenremodellierung beinhaltet den Auf- und Abbau der Knochenmasse durch die verschiedenen Knochenzellen und findet fast überall, auch am Skelett Erwachsener, statt. Für die Erneuerung der Knochensubstanz sind die Osteoblasten zuständig. Sie ersetzen exakt die Menge der Knochenmasse, welche zuvor durch Osteoklasten abgebaut wurde. Störungen dieses, durch viele Faktoren beeinflussten Prozesses führen zu pathologischen Veränderungen, beispielsweise zu Osteoporose oder Arthritis. Auf der Grundlage analysierter publizierter Modelle wurde ein Modell entwickelt, welches den Einfluss einiger dieser Faktoren realistisch abbildet. Auf diese Weise kann die Wirkung von basalem PTH, des RANKL-OPG-Systems ( RANKL: Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, OPG: Osteoprotegerin) und des Estradiols auf den Knochenstoffwechsel am vorgestellten System untersucht werden. Außerdem wurde durch Estradiolmangel hervorgerufene Osteoporose und der kurative Effekt von synthetischen Medikamenten wie Estradiol oder intermittierend verabreichtem PTH modelliert. Mit der Parameterschätzung anhand des Gauß-Newton-Verfahrens wird des Weiteren eine Methode vorgestellt, die es ermöglicht, mathematische Modelle bestmöglich durch Variation der Parameterwerte an experimentelle Daten anzupassen. Das am Zuse-Institut Berlin entwickelte Softwarepaket POEM wendet diesen Algorithmus an und wird ebenfalls erläutert.
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2017-11-15
    Description: Bei der numerischen Lösung von Optimalsteuerungsproblemen mit elliptischen partiellen Differentialgleichungen als Nebenbedingung treten unvermeidlich Diskretisierungs- und Iterationsfehler auf. Man ist aus Aufwandsgründen daran interessiert die dabei entstehenden Fehler nicht sehr klein wählen zu müssen. In der Folge werden die linearisierten Nebenbedingungen in einem Composite-Step-Verfahren nicht exakt erfüllt. In dieser Arbeit wird der Einfluss dieser Ungenauigkeit auf das Konvergenzverhalten von Newton-Lagrange-Verfahren untersucht. Dabei sollen mehrere einschlägige lokale Konvergenzresultate diskutiert werden. Anschließend wird ein konkretes Composite-Step-Verfahren formuliert, in dem die Genauigkeit der inneren Iterationsverfahren adaptiv gesteuert werden kann. Am Ende der Arbeit wird an zwei Musterproblemen die hohe Übereinstimmung der analytischen Voraussagen und der tatsächlichen Performanz der dargestellten Methoden demonstriert.
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2020-03-20
    Description: Markov Decision Processes (MDP) or Partially Observable MDPs (POMDP) are used for modelling situations in which the evolution of a process is partly random and partly controllable. These MDP theories allow for computing the optimal control policy for processes that can continuously or frequently be observed, even if only partially. However, they cannot be applied if state observation is very costly and therefore rare (in time). We present a novel MDP theory for rare, costly observations and derive the corresponding Bellman equation. In the new theory, state information can be derived for a particular cost after certain, rather long time intervals. The resulting information costs enter into the total cost and thus into the optimization criterion. This approach applies to many real world problems, particularly in the medical context, where the medical condition is examined rather rarely because examination costs are high. At the same time, the approach allows for efficient numerical realization. We demonstrate the usefulness of the novel theory by determining, from the national economic perspective, optimal therapeutic policies for the treatment of the human immunodefficiency virus (HIV) in resource-rich and resource-poor settings. Based on the developed theory and models, we discover that available drugs may not be utilized efficiently in resource-poor settings due to exorbitant diagnostic costs.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2017-11-15
    Description: Dieser Bericht beschreibt in allgemein verständlicher Form die Struktur der Datenhaltung im Zuse‐Institut Berlin (ZIB) und die aktuell verwendeten Strategien im Umgang mit immer stärker wachsenden Datenmengen, sowie der Herausforderung der Speicherung unwiederbringlicher Daten über im Grunde unbegrenzte Zeit.
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We propose a novel extended formulation for the line planning problem in public transport. It is based on a new concept of frequency configurations that account for all possible options to provide a required transportation capacity on an infrastructure edge. We show that this model yields a strong LP relaxation. It implies, in particular, general classes of facet defining inequalities for the standard model.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Description: Primal heuristics are an important component of state-of-the-art codes for mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP). In this article we give a compact overview of primal heuristics for MINLP that have been suggested in the literature of recent years. We sketch the fundamental concepts of different classes of heuristics and discuss specific implementations. A brief computational experiment shows that primal heuristics play a key role in achieving feasibility and finding good primal bounds within a global MINLP solver.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: This thesis represents a game-theoretic investigation of the allocation of inspectors in a transportation network, comparing Nash and Stackelberg equilibrium strategies to a strategy in which inspections are conducted proportionally to the traffic volume. It contains specifications for the integration of space and time dependencies and extensive experimental tests for the application on the transportation network of German motorways using real data. Main results are that - although the formulated spot-checking game is not zero-sum - we are able to compute a Nash equilibrium using linear programming and secondly, that experimental results yield that a Nash equilibrium strategy represents a good trade-off for the Stackelberg equilibrium strategy between efficiency of controls and computation time.
    Language: English
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Let the design of an experiment be represented by an $s$-dimensional vector $\vec{w}$ of weights with non-negative components. Let the quality of $\vec{w}$ for the estimation of the parameters of the statistical model be measured by the criterion of $D$-optimality defined as the $m$-th root of the determinant of the information matrix $M(\vec{w})=\sum_{i=1}^s w_iA_iA_i^T$, where $A_i$, $i=1,...,s$, are known matrices with $m$ rows. In the paper, we show that the criterion of $D$-optimality is second-order cone representable. As a result, the method of second order cone programming can be used to compute an approximate $D$-optimal design with any system of linear constraints on the vector of weights. More importantly, the proposed characterization allows us to compute an \emph{exact} $D$-optimal design, which is possible thanks to high-quality branch-and-cut solvers specialized to solve mixed integer second order cone problems. We prove that some other widely used criteria are also second order cone representable, for instance the criteria of $A$-, and $G$-optimality, as well as the criteria of $D_K$- and $A_K$-optimality, which are extensions of $D$-, and $A$-optimality used in the case when only a specific system of linear combinations of parameters is of interest. We present several numerical examples demonstrating the efficiency and universality of the proposed method. We show that in many cases the mixed integer second order cone programming approach allows us to find a provably optimal exact design, while the standard heuristics systematically miss the optimum.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We propose a novel optimization model for resource assignment in heterogeneous wireless network. The model adopts two objective functions maximizing the number of served users and the minimum granted utility at once. A distinctive feature of our new model is to consider two consecutive time slots, in order to include handover as an additional decision dimension. Furthermore, the solution algorithm that we propose refines a heuristic solution approach recently proposed in literature, by considering a real joint optimization of the considered resources. The simulation study shows that the new model leads to a significant reduction in handover frequency, when compared to a traditional scheme based on maximum SNR.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2020-11-13
    Description: The planning of a communication network is inevitably depending on the quality of both the planning tool and the demand forecast used. In this article, we show exemplarily how the emerging area of Robust Optimization can advance the network planning by a more accurate mathematical description of the demand uncertainty. After a general introduction of the concept and its application to a basic network design problem, we present two applications: multi-layer and mixed-line-rate network design. We conclude with a discussion of extensions of the robustness concept to increase the accuracy of handling uncertainties.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: In high accuracy numerical simulations and optimal control of time-dependent processes, often both many time steps and fine spatial discretizations are needed. Adjoint gradient computation, or post-processing of simulation results, requires the storage of the solution trajectories over the whole time, if necessary together with the adaptively refined spatial grids. In this paper we discuss various techniques to reduce the memory requirements, focusing first on the storage of the solution data, which typically are double precision floating point values. We highlight advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches. Moreover, we present an algorithm for the efficient storage of adaptively refined, hierarchic grids, and the integration with the compressed storage of solution data.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2020-02-04
    Description: This thesis firstly presents a nonlinear extended deterministic model for the transmission dynamics of tuberculosis, based on realistic assumptions and data collected from the WHO. This model enables a comprehensive qualitative analysis of various aspects in the outbreak and control of tuberculosis in Sub-Saharan Africa countries and successfully reproduces the epidemiology of tuberculosis in Cameroon for the past (from 1994-2010). Some particular properties of the model and its solution have been presented using the comparison theorem applied to the theory of differential equations. The existence and the stability of a disease free equilibrium has been discussed using the Perron-Frobenius theorem and Metzler stable matrices. Furthermore, we computed the basic reproduction number, i.e. the number of cases that one case generates on average over the course of its infectious period. Rigorous qualitative analysis of the model reveals that, in contrast to the model without reinfections, the full model with reinfection exhibits the phenomenon of backward bifurcation, where a stable disease-free equilibrium coexists with a stable endemic equilibrium when a certain threshold quantity, known as the basic reproduction ratio (R0), is less than unity. The global stability of the disease-free equilibrium has been discussed using the concepts of Lyapunov stability and bifurcation theory. With the help of a sensitivity analysis using data of Cameroon, we identified the relevant parameters which play a key role for the transmission and the control of the disease. This was possible applying sophisticated numerical methods (POEM) developed at ZIB. Using advanced approaches for optimal control considering the costs for chemoprophylaxis, treatment and educational campaigns should provide a framework for designing realistic cost effective strategies with different intervention methods. The forward-backward sweep method has been used to solve the numerical optimal control problem. The numerical result of the optimal control problem reveals that combined effort in education and chemoprophylaxis may lead to a reduction of 80\% in the number of infected people in 10 years. The mathematical and numerical approaches developed in this thesis could be similarly applied in many other Sub-Saharan countries where TB is a public health problem.
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: Cultural heritage institutions are on the verge of making their artefacts available in digital form. During this transition they are faced with conceptual and technical challenges that have only little overlap with their traditional domains but provide them with a lot of opportunities. We aim at empowering them to deal with some of these challenges by designing workflows attached to the data flow within a digital long-term preservation system. The preservation framework processes data by utilising micro-services. These are tailored to accommodate data transformations that can help institutions making their data available if they choose to participate in the interconnected digital world
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: Das Förderprogramm Digitalisierung des Landes Berlin fördert Digitalisierungsprojekte in Berliner Kulturerbeeinrichtungen und hat parallel dazu die Servicestelle Digitalisierung (digiS) als zentrale Beratungs- und Koordinierungsstelle eingerichtet. Ziel ist dabei, eine technische und organisatorische Infrastruktur für die Projekte sowie zur Sicherung der Langzeitverfügbarkeit digitalen Kulturguts vorzuhalten. Der Artikel beschreibt das Förderprogramm, das Aufgabenspektrum von digiS und die Herausforderungen, die sich für Kulturerbeinstitutionen ergeben, wenn sie sich auf den offenen Dialog mit ihren Nutzern einlassen und ihre Objekte digital langzeitverfügbar halten wollen.
    Description: The city state of Berlin supports digitisation projects in its cultural heritage institutions and has established the Service Center for Digitisation (digiS) as a central supporting and coordinational unit. As a goal, a technical and organisational infrastructure for the projects as well as matters for the digital preservation of cultural heritage objects shall be provided. The article describes the support program, the range of tasks of digiS and the challenges that arise for cultural heritage institutions, if they want to open up and digitally preserve their objects for a long time.
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2020-12-11
    Description: „Ich mache ihm ein Angebot, das er nicht ablehnen kann.” Diese Aussage aus einem gänzlich anderen Kontext lässt sich recht treffend übertragen als Wunsch von Dienstleistern und Zweck von Dienstleistungen für Datenproduzenten im Forschungsdatenmanagement. Zwar wirkt Druck zur Datenübergabe nicht förderlich, die Eröffnung einer Option aber sehr wohl. Im vorliegenden Artikel geht es um das Verständnis der Nachhaltigkeit von Forschung und ihren Daten anhand der Erkenntnisse und Erfahrungen aus der ersten Phase des DFG-Projekts EWIG. [Fn 01] Eine Auswahl von Fallstricken beim Forschungsdatenmanagement wird anhand der Erkenntnisse aus Expertengesprächen und eigenen Erfahrungen beim Aufbau von LZA-Workflows vorgestellt. Erste Konzepte in EWIG zur Datenübertragung aus unterschiedlich strukturierten Datenquellen in die „Langfristige Domäne” werden beschrieben.
    Description: "I'm gonna make him an offer he can't refuse". This quote from a completely different context can be aptly rendered as a statement of service providers as well as the purpose of services for data producers in the field of research data management. Although pressure is not the leverage of choice if you want researchers to deposit their research data in some kind of repository, offering an option does the trick quite well. In this article we present some of the concepts for sustainability of research and its data from the first phase the of the project EWIG, funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. A selection of pitfalls in research data management is presented based on the findings from expert interviews and our own experiences in the construction of LTP workflows. First concepts in EWIG to transfer data from differently structured data sources into the "Permanent Domain" are described.
    Language: German
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2021-01-21
    Description: In dieser Arbeit wird die Leistungsfähigkeit des MapReduce-Framework Hadoop mit XtreemFS als verteiltes und POSIX-konformes Dateisystem bestimmt. Damit wird XtreemFS das für die Nutzung mit Hadoop entwickelte Dateisystem HDFS ersetzen. HDFS und XtreemFS werden verglichen und XtreemFS für Nutzung unter Hadoop konfiguriert. Zudem werden Optimierungen an der Hadoop-Schnittstelle von XtreemFS vorgenommen. Die Leistung von Hadoop mit XtreemFS wird mittels synthetischer Benchmarks und realer Hadoop Anwendungen gemessen und mit der Leistung von Hadoop mit HDFS verglichen.
    Language: German
    Type: bachelorthesis , doc-type:bachelorThesis
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2019-01-24
    Language: English
    Type: conferenceobject , doc-type:conferenceObject
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2021-01-22
    Language: English
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2020-02-04
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2020-09-24
    Language: English
    Type: poster , doc-type:Other
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2022-01-07
    Description: For the solution of optimal control problems governed by nonlinear parabolic PDEs, methods working on the reduced objective functional are often employed to avoid a full spatio-temporal discretization of the problem. The evaluation of the reduced gradient requires one solve of the state equation forward in time, and one backward solve of the ad-joint equation. The state enters into the adjoint equation, requiring the storage of a full 4D data set. If Newton-CG methods are used, two additional trajectories have to be stored. To get numerical results which are accurate enough, in many case very fine discretizations in time and space are necessary, which leads to a significant amount of data to be stored and transmitted to mass storage. Lossy compression methods were developed to overcome the storage problem by reducing the accuracy of the stored trajectories. The inexact data induces errors in the reduced gradient and reduced Hessian. In this paper, we analyze the influence of such a lossy trajectory compression method on Newton-CG methods for optimal control of parabolic PDEs and design an adaptive strategy for choosing appropriate quantization tolerances.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 65
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    Unknown
    Publication Date: 2021-01-21
    Description: Eines der größten Hindernisse beim praktischen Einsatz von Scalaris, einer skalierbaren Implementierung einer verteilten Hashtabelle mit Unterstützung für Transaktionen, ist das Fehlen eines Verfahrens zur Aufnahme eines konsistenten Zustandes des gesamten Systems. Wir stellen in dieser Arbeit ein einfaches Protokoll vor, dass diese Aufgabe erfüllt und sich, auf Grund der von uns gewählten Herangehensweise, leicht implementieren lässt. Als Ausgangspunkt dafür wählen wir aus einer Reihe von „klassischen“ Snapshot-Algorithmen ein 1993 von Mattern entworfenes Verfahren, welches auf dem Algorithmus von Lai und Yang basiert, aus. Diese Entscheidung basiert auf einer gründlichen Analyse der Protokolle unter Berücksichtigung der Architektur der existierenden Software. Im nächsten Arbeitsschritt benutzen wir unser vollständiges Wissen über die Interna des Transaktionssystems von Scalaris und vereinfachen damit das Verfahren hinsichtlich Benutzbarkeit und Implementierungskomplexität, ohne die Anforderungen an den aufgenommenen Zustand aufzuweichen. Statt einer losen Anhäufung lokaler Zustände der einzelnen Teilnehmerknoten können wir am Ende eine große Schlüssel-Wert-Tabelle als Ergebnis erzeugen, die konsistent ist, sich leicht weiterverarbeiten lässt und die einem Zustand entspricht, in dem sich das System einmal befunden haben könnte. Nachdem wir das Verfahren dann in Software umgesetzt haben, werten wir die Ergebnisse hinsichtlich des Einflusses auf die Performanz des Gesamtsystems aus und diskutieren mögliche Weiterentwicklungen.
    Language: German
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Presolving attempts to eliminate redundant information from the problem formulation and simultaneously tries to strengthen the formulation. It can be very effective and is often essential for solving instances. Especially for mixed integer programming problems, fast and effective presolving algorithms are very important. In this paper, we report on three new presolving techniques. The first method searches for singleton continuous columns and tries to fix the corresponding variables. Then we present a presolving technique which exploits a partial order of the variables to induce fixings. Finally, we show an approach based on connected components in graphs. Our computational results confirm the profitable use of the algorithms in practice.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2017-11-15
    Description: Pattern Datenbanken (PDBs) werden in der heuristischen Suche eingesetzt, um irrelevante Pfade in der Suche auszuschließen. Da die Leistung einer PDB mit ihrer Größe steigt und für die effektive heuristische Suche in großen Zustandsräumen große PDBs nötig sind, ist ein paralleler Ansatz notwendig, um sehr große PDBs zu erzeugen. Diese Arbeit erweitert einen, auf MapReduce basierenden, Algorithmus von Reinefeld und Schütt (2009) zur massiv-parallelen Breitensuche so, dass damit sehr große PDBs erzeugt werden können. So entsteht die erste vollständige 8+8+8 PDB für das 24er-Puzzle. Reinefeld und Schütt implementieren ebenfalls das heuristische Suchverfahren BFIDA* für MapReduce. In dieser Arbeit wird dieser Implementation ein Speedup von 857 bei 2039 Kernen nachgewiesen. Weiterhin führt diese Arbeit ein Schema ein, mit dem PDBs bei der Suche direkt von der Festplatte gelesen werden können. Des Weiteren wird der Nutzen von großen PDBs in einer Gruppe von PDBs untersucht, deren Heuristikwerte maximiert werden. Dazu wird analysiert, wie sich Gruppen von PDBs mit unterschiedlicher Größe verhalten und welche Faktoren bei solchen Konstellationen zum Erfolg der Gruppe beitragen. Es wird gezeigt, dass der Einsatz von großen PDBs effizient ist, wenn der zur Verfügung stehende Hauptspeicher ausreicht, eine Gruppe zusammen mit einigen kleineren PDBs zu bilden.
    Language: German
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2020-12-14
    Description: This paper considers the optimal control of tuberculosis through education, diagnosis campaign and chemoprophylaxis of latently infected. A mathematical model which includes important components such as undiagnosed infectious, diagnosed infectious, latently infected and lost-sight infectious is formulated. The model combines a frequency dependent and a density dependent force of infection for TB transmission. Through optimal control theory and numerical simulations, a cost-effective balance of two different intervention methods is obtained. Seeking to minimize the amount of money the government spends when tuberculosis remain endemic in the Cameroonian population, Pontryagin's maximum principle is used to characterize the optimal control. The optimality system is derived and solved numerically using the forward-backward sweep method (FBSM). Results provide a framework for designing cost-effective strategies for diseases with multiple intervention methods. It comes out that combining chemoprophylaxis and education, the burden of TB can be reduced by 80 % in 10 years
    Language: English
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Language: German
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Language: German
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2020-03-20
    Description: We present the theory of “Markov decision processes (MDP) with rare state observation” and apply it to optimal treatment scheduling and diagnostic testing to mitigate HIV-1 drug resistance development in resource-poor countries. The developed theory assumes that the state of the process is hidden and can only be determined by making an examination. Each examination produces costs which enter into the considered cost functional so that the resulting optimization problem includes finding optimal examination times. This is a realistic ansatz: In many real world applications, like HIV-1 treatment scheduling, the information about the disease evolution involves substantial costs, such that examination and control are intimately connected. However, a perfect compliance with the optimal strategy can rarely be achieved. This may be particularly true for HIV-1 resistance testing in resource-constrained countries. In the present work, we therefore analyze the sensitivity of the costs with respect to deviations from the optimal examination times both analytically and for the considered application. We discover continuity in the cost-functional with respect to the examination times. For the HIV-application, moreover, sensitivity towards small deviations from the optimal examination rule depends on the disease state. Furthermore, we compare the optimal rare-control strategy to (i) constant control strategies (one action for the remaining time) and to (ii) the permanent control of the original, fully observed MDP. This comparison is done in terms of expected costs and in terms of life-prolongation. The proposed rare-control strategy offers a clear benefit over a constant control, stressing the usefulness of medical testing and informed decision making. This indicates that lower-priced medical tests could improve HIV treatment in resource-constrained settings and warrants further investigation.
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2019-11-05
    Description: Der KOBV-Jahresbericht informiert rückblickend im 2-Jahres-Rhythmus über die bibliothekarisch-fachlichen Entwicklungen im Verbund und die Projekte des Kooperativen Bibliotheksverbunds Berlin-Brandenburg (KOBV).
    Language: German
    Type: annualzib , doc-type:report
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We introduce a new variant of the connected facility location problem that allows for modeling mixed deployment strategies (FTTC/FTTB/FTTH) in the design of local access telecommunication networks. Several mixed integer programming models and valid inequalities are presented. Computational studies on realistic instances from three towns in Germany are provided.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: The System Dynamics (SD) methodology is a framework for modeling and simulating the dynamic behavior of socioeconomic systems. Characteristic for the description of such systems is the occurrence of feedback loops together with stocks and flows. The mathematical equations that describe the system are usually ordinary differential equations and nonlinear algebraic constraints. Therefore seemingly simple systems can show a nonintuitive, unpredictable behavior over time. Controlling a dynamical system means to specify potential interventions from outside that should keep the system on the desired track, and to define an evaluation schema to compare different controls among each other, so that a "best" control can be defined in a meaningful way. The central question is how to compute such globally optimal control for a given SD model, that allows the transition of the system into a desired state with minimum effort. We propose a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) reformulation of the System Dynamics Optimization (SDO) problem. MINLP problems can be solved by linear programming based branch-and-bound approach. We demonstrate that standard MINLP solvers are not able to solve SDO problem. To overcome this obstacle, we introduce a special-tailored bound propagation method. We apply our new method to a predator-prey model with additional hunting activity as control, and to a mini-world model with the consumption level as control. Numerical results for these test cases are presented.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We develop a generic System Dynamic model to simulate the production, machines, employees, waste, and capital flows of a manufacturing company. In a second step, this model is specialised by defining suit-able input data to represent a bicycle manufacturing company in a developing country. We monitor a set of sustainability indicators to understand the social, environmental and economic impact of the company, and to estimate managerial decisions to be taken in order to improve on these criteria. We show that the social and environmental situation can be improved over time without sacrificing the economic success of the company's business.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2019-01-29
    Description: Spectral deferred correction methods for solving stiff ODEs are known to converge rapidly towards the collocation limit solution on equidistant grids, but show a much less favourable contraction on non-equidistant grids such as Radau-IIa points. We interprete SDC methods as fixed point iterations for the collocation system and propose new DIRK-type sweeps for stiff problems based on purely linear algebraic considerations. Good convergence is recovered also on non-equidistant grids. The properties of different variants are explored on a couple of numerical examples.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Usually complete linear descriptions of polytopes consist of an enormous number of facet-defining inequalities already for very small problem sizes. In this paper, we describe a method for dividing the inequalities into equivalence classes without resorting to a normal form. Within each class, facets are related by certain symmetries and it is sufficient to list one representative of each class to give a complete picture of the structural properties of a polytope. We propose an algorithm for the classification and illustrate its efficiency on a broad range of combinatorial optimization problems including the Traveling Salesman and the Linear Ordering Problem.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2017-11-15
    Description: Current programming models for heterogeneous devices with disjoint physical memory spaces require explicit allocation of device memory and explicit data transfers. While it is quite easy to manually implement these operations for linear data objects like arrays, this task becomes more difficult for non-linear objects, e.g. linked lists or multiple inherited classes. The difficulties arise due to dynamic memory requirements at run-time and the dependencies between data structures. In this paper we present a novel method to build a graph-based static data type description which is used to create code for injectable functions that automatically determine the memory footprint of data objects at run-time. Our approach is extensible to implement automatically generated optimized data transfers across physical memory spaces.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2016-06-30
    Description: Verteilte Dateisysteme erlauben es zusätzliche Replikate von Dateien anzulegen, um Client-Zugriffe auf mehrere Server zu verteilen. Bei einer einheitlichen Festlegung des Replikationsfaktors für alle Dateien wird der beschränkte verfügbare Speicherplatz jedoch nicht effizient genutzt, da es nur einen geringen Anteil von Dateien gibt, die häufig angefragt werden, während die restlichen Dateien unnötig Speicherplatz belegen. Der erste Teil dieser Arbeit beschreibt daher ein Verfahren den Replikationsfaktor einer Datei in Abhängigkeit ihrer Popularität festzulegen. Im Kontext des verteilten Dateisystems XtreemFS wurde dazu ein zentraler Dienst für die dynamische Replikation implementiert und mit einem Trace simuliert. Die Auswertung zeigt, dass die popularitätsbasierte Anpassung ein geeignetes Verfahren ist den Replikationsfaktor dynamisch festzulegen, da bei einer wöchentlichen Ermittlung der Popularität weniger als durchschnittlich 3,1% zusätzliche Replikate angelegt wurden. Da der Dienst selbst nicht mit einer beliebigen Anzahl von Dateien skaliert, muss er in mehrere Partitionen unterteilt und dezentral ausgeführt werden. Darum entwickelt der zweite Teil der Arbeit eine dezentrale Variante des Dienstes und zeigt, dass der Replikationsfaktor identisch zum zentralen Fall festgelegt werden kann. Nur im Fall eines Netzwerkausfalls oder nicht synchronisierter lokaler Uhren tritt eine Abweichung der Replikationsfaktoren auf, deren Ausmaß in der Simulation untersucht wurde.
    Description: Distributed file systems allow the creation of additional file replicas in order to spread requests across several servers. However, setting a uniform number of replicas for every file would not utilize the available storage space in an efficient manner. As there are only few popular files, the majority of files would unnecessarily use up the limited space. Therefore the first part of this thesis presents a method to adjust the replication factor depending on the popularity of the files. This method was implemented as a central service for dynamic replication in the context of the distributed file system XtreemFS. The service was then simulated using a trace. A weekly observation of the popularity resulted in an average creation rate of 3.1% compared to all replicas. This shows that popularity-based adjustment is a feasible way to set the replication factor dynamically. As the service itself does not scale with the number of observed files, it needs to be partitioned and executed in a distributed manner. Therefore the second part of this thesis develops a distributed version of the service and shows that it determines replication factors equal to the result of the central version. However, the replication factor may vary if there is a network outage or a drift of the local clocks. The degree of variation was analyzed in simulations.
    Language: German
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We extend the primal-dual approximation technique of Goemans and Williamson to the Steiner connectivity problem, a kind of Steiner tree problem in hypergraphs. This yields a (k+1)-approximation algorithm for the case that k is the minimum of the maximal number of nodes in a hyperedge minus 1 and the maximal number of terminal nodes in a hyperedge. These results require the proof of a degree property for terminal nodes in hypergraphs which generalizes the well-known graph property that the average degree of terminal nodes in Steiner trees is at most 2.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Steiner trees are constructed to connect a set of terminal nodes in a graph. This basic version of the Steiner tree problem is idealized, but it can effectively guide the search for successful approaches to many relevant variants, from both a theoretical and a computational point of view. This article illustrates the theoretical and algorithmic progress on Steiner tree type problems on two examples, the Steiner connectivity and the Steiner tree packing problem.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: The Rolling Stock Rotation Problem is to schedule rail vehicles in order to cover timetabled trips by a cost optimal set of vehicle rotations. The problem integrates several facets of railway optimization, i.e., vehicle composition, maintenance constraints, and regularity aspects. In industrial applications existing schedules often have to be re-optimized to integrate timetable changes or construction sites. We present an integrated modeling and algorithmic approach for this task as well as computational results for industrial problem instances of DB Fernverkehr AG.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2022-03-11
    Description: In this thesis we investigate the hyperassignment problem with a special focus on connections to the theory of hypergraphs, in particular balanced and normal hyper- graphs, as well as its relation to the Stable Set Problem. The main point is the investigation of the matching and perfect matching polytope for partitioned hypergraphs. Therefore, valid inequalities, facets, and the dimension of some polytopes are given. Furthermore, we show that the trivial LP-relaxation of the Hyperassignment Problem obtained by relaxing x_i ∈ {0, 1} by 0 ≤ x_i ≤ 1 has an arbitrarily large integrality gap, even after adding all clique inequalities. Whereas the integrality gap of the trivial LP-relaxation of the maximum weight matching problem for partitioned hypergraphs with maximum part size M is at most 2M − 1. Additionally, computational results for small partitioned hypergraphs of part size two are presented. Using symmetry it was possible to calculate all minimal fractional vertices of the fractional perfect matching polytope of partitioned hypergraphs with part size two having at most twelve vertices.
    Language: English
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2021-01-22
    Description: Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems form a special class of distributed systems. Typically, nodes in a P2P system are flat and share the same responsabilities. In this thesis we focus on three problems that occur in P2P systems: the storage of data replicates, quantile computation on distributed data streams, and churn rate estimation. Data replication is one of the oldest techniques to maintain stored data in a P2P system and to reply to read requests. Applications, which use data replication are distributed databases. They are part of an abstract overlay network and do not see the underlying network topology. The question is how to place a set of data replicates in a distributed system such that response times and failure probabilities become minimal without a priori knowledge of the topology of the underlying hardware nodes? We show how to utilize an agglomerative clustering procedure to reach this goal. State-of-the-art algorithms for aggregation of distributed data or data streams require at some point synchronization, or merge data aggregates hierarchically, which does not accompany the basic principle of P2P systems. We test whether randomized communication and merging of data aggregates are able to produce the same results. These data aggregates serve for quantile queries. Constituting and maintaining a P2P overlay network requires frequent message passing. It is a goal to minimize the number of maintenance messages since they consume bandwidth which might be missing for other applications. The lower bound of the frequency for mainte- nance messages is highly dependent on the churn rate of peers. We show how to estimate the mean lifetime of peers and to reduce the frequency for maintenance messages without destabilizing the infrastructure of the constituting overlay.
    Language: English
    Type: masterthesis , doc-type:masterThesis
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Description: Contemporary supercomputers can easily provide years of CPU time per wall-clock hour. One challenge of today's software development is how to harness this wast computing power in order to solve really hard mixed integer programming instances. In 2010, two out of six open MIPLIB2003 instances could be solved by ParaSCIP in more than ten consecutive runs, restarting from checkpointing files. The contribution of this paper is threefold: For the first time, we present computational results of single runs for those two instances. Secondly, we provide new improved upper and lower bounds for all of the remaining four open MIPLIB2003 instances. Finally, we explain which new developments led to these results and discuss the current progress of ParaSCIP. Experiments were conducted on HLRNII, on HLRN III, and on the Titan supercomputer, using up to 35,200 cores.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2020-12-14
    Description: A deterministic model of tuberculosis in sub-Saharan Africa in general and Cameroon in particular including lack of access to the treatment and weak diagnose capacity is designed and analyzed with respect to its transmission dynamics. The model includes both frequency- and density-dependent transmissions. It is shown that the model is mathematically well-posed and epidemiologically reasonable. Solutions are non-negative and bounded whenever the initial values are non-negative. A sensitivity analysis of model parameters is performed and most sensitive parameters of the model are identified using a state-of-the-art Gauss-Newton Method. In particular, parameters representing the proportion of individuals having access to medical facilities have a large impact on the dynamics of the disease. It has been shown that an increase of these parameter values over the time can significantly reduce the disease burden in the population within the next 15 years.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: We present a novel heuristic algorithm to identify feasible solutions of a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem arising in natural gas transportation: the selection of new pipelines to enhance the network's capacity to a desired level in a cost-efficient way. We solve this problem in a linear programming based branch-and-cut approach, where we deal with the nonlinearities by linear outer approximation and spatial branching. At certain nodes of the branching tree, we compute a KKT point for a nonlinear relaxation. Based on the information from the KKT point we alter some of the integer variables in a locally promising way. We describe this heuristic for general MINLPs and then show how to tailor the heuristic to exploit our problem-specific structure. On a test set of real-world instances, we are able to increase the chance of identifying feasible solutions by some order of magnitude compared to standard MINLP heuristics that are already built in the general-purpose MINLP solver SCIP.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Recently, parallel computing environments have become significantly popular. In order to obtain the benefit of using parallel computing environments, we have to deploy our programs for these effectively. This paper focuses on a parallelization of SCIP (Solving Constraint Integer Programs), which is a MIP solver and constraint integer programming framework available in source code. There is a parallel extension of SCIP named ParaSCIP, which parallelizes SCIP on massively parallel distributed memory computing environments. This paper describes FiberSCIP, which is yet another parallel extension of SCIP to utilize multi-threaded parallel computation on shared memory computing environments, and has the following contributions: First, the basic concept of having two parallel extensions and the relationship between them and the parallelization framework provided by UG (Ubiquity Generator) is presented, including an implementation of deterministic parallelization. Second, the difficulties to achieve a good performance that utilizes all resources on an actual computing environment and the difficulties of performance evaluation of the parallel solvers are discussed. Third, a way to evaluate the performance of new algorithms and parameter settings of the parallel extensions is presented. Finally, current performance of FiberSCIP for solving mixed-integer linear programs (MIPs) and mixed-integer non-linear programs (MINLPs) in parallel is demonstrated.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Language: English
    Type: book , doc-type:book
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: Strong branching is an important component of most variable selection rules in branch-and-bound based mixed-integer linear programming solvers. It predicts the dual bounds of potential child nodes by solving auxiliary LPs and thereby helps to keep the branch-and-bound tree small. In this paper, we describe how these dual bound predictions can be improved by including domain propagation into strong branching. Computational experiments on standard MIP instances indicate that this is beneficial in three aspects: It helps to reduce the average number of LP iterations per strong branching call, the number of branch-and-bound nodes, and the overall solving time.
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: A central assumption in classical optimization is that all the input data of a problem are exact. However, in many real-world problems, the input data are subject to uncertainty. In such situations, neglecting uncertainty may lead to nominally optimal solutions that are actually suboptimal or even infeasible. Robust optimization offers a remedy for optimization under uncertainty by considering only the subset of solutions protected against the data deviations. In this paper, we provide an overview of the main theoretical results of multiband robustness, a new robust optimization model that extends and refines the classical theory introduced by Bertsimas and Sim. After introducing some new results for the special case of pure binary programs, we focus on the harvest scheduling problem and show how multiband robustness can be adopted to tackle the uncertainty affecting the volume of produced timber and grant a reduction in the price of robustness.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Description: The classical single-band uncertainty model introduced by Bertsimas and Sim has represented a breakthrough in the development of tractable robust counterparts of Linear Programs. However, adopting a single deviation band may be too limitative in practice: in many real-world problems, observed deviations indeed present asymmetric distributions over asymmetric ranges, so that getting a higher modeling resolution by partitioning the band into multiple sub-bands is advisable. The critical aim of our work is to close the knowledge gap on the adoption of multi-band uncertainty in Robust Optimization: a general definition and intensive theoretical study of a multi-band model are actually still missing. Our new developments have been also strongly inspired and encouraged by our industrial partners, interested in getting a better modeling of arbitrary shaped distributions, built on historical data about the uncertainty affecting the considered real-world problems.
    Language: English
    Type: reportzib , doc-type:preprint
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2020-08-05
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2019-01-24
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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