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  • 2000-2004  (3)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • Gramineae
  • Life and Medical Sciences
  • Nuclear reactions
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microsatellites and microsynteny in the chloroplast genomes of Oryza and eight other Gramineae species (2000)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 100 (2000), S. 1257-1266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Chloroplast microsatellite ; Simple sequence length polymorphism (SSLP) ; Allelic diversity ; Rice (Oryza sativa) ; Gramineae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Primer pairs flanking ten chloroplast microsatellite loci, originally identified in Oryza sativa cv Nipponbare, were evaluated for amplification and allelic diversity using a panel of 13 diverse cultivars of rice (O. sativa), 19 accessions of wild rice (three O. officinalis, five O. latifolia, five O. minuta, four O. australiensis, one O. brachyantha and one O. ridleyi) and eight other Gramineae species (maize, teosinte, wheat, oat, barley, pearl millet, sorghum and sugarcane). Amplified products were obtained for all samples at nine out of ten loci. Among the rice cultivars, the number of alleles per locus ranged from one to four, with monomorphic patterns observed at five loci. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) value at the other five (polymorphic) loci was 0.54 among the 13 cultivars. When wild rice and the other Gramineae species were compared based on the proportion of shared alleles, their phylogenetic relationships were in agreement with previous studies using different types of markers; however, the magnitude of the differences based on chloroplast microsatellites underestimated the genetic distance separating these divergent species and genera. A sequence-based comparison of homologous regions of the rice and maize chloroplast genomes revealed that, while a high level of microsynteny is evident, the occurrence of actively evolving microsatellite motifs in specific regions of the rice chloroplast genome appears to be mainly a species or genome-specific phenomenon. Thus the chloroplast primer pairs used in this study bracketed mutationally active microsatellite motifs in rice but degenerate, interrupted motifs or highly conserved, mutationally inert motifs in distantly related genera.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220051432
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of 1-Octacosanal and 6-Methoxy-2-Benzoxazolinone from Wheat as Ovipositional Stimulants for Hessian Fly, Mayetiola destructor (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 26 (2000), S. 859-873 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Cecidomyiidae ; insect behavior ; egg-laying ; chemoreception ; MBOA ; Gramineae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Bioassay-guided fractionations of a dichloromethane extract of wheat epicuticular wax allowed the identification of 1-octacosanal and 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (MBOA) as the major components that stimulate oviposition by the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor. These compounds were identified by their mass spectral fragmentation patterns and by comparison of their gas chromatographic retention times with synthetic samples. Synthetic samples of 1-octacosanal or MBOA stimulated significant oviposition when compared with solvent controls. In combination, these compounds elicited a synergistic effect on the number of eggs laid by females compared to when they were presented alone. In a choice bioassay, a mixture of synthetic 1-octacosanal and MBOA in the approximate concentrations determined to be present in one plant equivalent of crude extract stimulated the same amount of oviposition as one plant equivalent of extract. This showed that together these two compounds appear to be responsible for the major proportion of the ovipositional stimulatory activity of the wheat epicuticular wax extract. Comparison of the activity of five straight-chain primary aldehydes with chain lengths from C22 to C30 revealed a relationship between chain length and the number of eggs laid by female Hessian flies, with 1-hexacosanal and 1-heptacosanal the most active of the aldehydes tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005499907009
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Embryo rescue of interspecific hybrids of Brachiaria spp (2000)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 61 (2000), S. 175-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: adventitious shoots ; Gramineae ; immature embryos ; micropropagation ; somatic embryogenesis ; tissue culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Age of explant and six different media were evaluated with the objective of regenerating higher numbers of interspecific hybrids between sexual and apomictic Brachiaria. Immature embryos of 7–8, 9–10 and 11–12 days after pollination (DAP), from artificial hybridization between Brachiaria ruziziensis (R) as female parent, and B. brizantha (B) or B. decumbens (D) as male parent, were cultured in modified MS media (M4) – supplemented with different combinations of growth regulators and vitamins. Embryos cultured 9–12 DAP showed high percentage (85–100%) of germination for all the crosses examined. Germination and survival rates varied according to accessions within crosses. Six different media (all modified MS with different growth regulators and vitamins) were tested with the objective of inducing multiple shoots from 7 to 10 DAP embryos, from crosses between R × B. The media M1, supplemented with Kinetin (13.94 μM) and NAA (5.37 μM), and media M3, supplemented with BA (4.44 μM and IAA 2.85 μM), regenerated adventitious shoots and calli about 30–40 days after inoculation. The highest multiplication rate observed was 2.85 shoots per explant in media M1, 60–70 days after culturing. Two other media, M6, supplemented with 2,4-D (13.57 μM) and M2, with 2,4-D (9.05 μM) and BA (8.87 μM) exclusively induced the formation of calli. The described protocols proved to be efficient in regenerating healthy seedlings from immature embryos of interspecific hybrids in Brachiaria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006478407814
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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