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  • 1970-1974  (11,070)
  • 1945-1949  (440)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (11,222)
  • Rat  (288)
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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 440-447 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Industrial Application of Fracture Mechanics. The application objects and application possibilities of fracture mechanics are demonstrated discussing typical methods and examples taken from industrial environment. In thrength proving the safe life of the fail safe design is aimed at. The crack intiation concept is confronted with the crack arrest concept. Examples refer to pressure and safety vessels of nuclear reactors, welded connections and gas pipe lines. The material can be selected according to KIc/σF or δc/σF for static loading, or additionally according to varying load amplitude behaviour and corrosion for fatigue. In case of catastrophic failure a fracture mechanical back computation to the reason of failure is possible. KIc and Kc-measurements are used for quality control too.
    Notes: Die Einsatzziele und Einsatzmöglichkeiten der technischen Rißbruchmechanik werden an Hand von typischen Verfahrensweisen und Beispielen aus der industriellen Praxis dargestellt. Beim Festigkeitsnachweis geht es um die bruchsichere (safe life) oder kontrolliert brechende (fail safe) Konstruktion. Dem Rißeinleitungskonzept steht das Rißauffangkonzept gegenüber. Die Beispiele beziehen sich auf Druck- und Sicherheitsbehälter von Kernreaktoren, Schweißverbindungen und Gasrohrleitungen. Der Werkstoff kann bei statischer Beanspruchung nach KIc/σF oder δc/σF gewählt werden, bei Ermüdung zusätzlich nach dem Verhalten bei wechselnder Lastamplitude und bei Korrosion. Bei Schadensfällen kann rißbruchmechanisch auf die Schadensursache zurückgerechnet werden. KIc und Kc-Messungen dienen auch der Qualitätskontrolle.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 452-452 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 103
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 348-357 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Behaviour of Steels under Shaped Charges Bombardement. There is at present not too much known about the behaviour of steel under the very high pressures of some 100 kbars as they will be produced by the hydrodynamic jet force stream of a shaped charge.In a short revue the hithero existing knowledge of the formation of a jet force stream is given as the phenomens in the penetration process of a material. It is recognized by bombardement tests on iron and steels of different compositions and of different heat treatments that there are some changes of the structure near the boundaries of the penetration channels.There is given some information by light- and electronmicroscopical investigations about the occurence during the hydrodynamic penetration process of the jet force stream and about the behaviour of the different structures under local concentrated pressures of shock waves.Microprobe-analyses and scanning electron microscope micrographs supply the understanding.
    Notes: Über das Verhalten von Stahl unter sehr hohen lokalen Drücken von einigen 100 kbar, wie sie durch den in einer Hohlladung erzeugten hydrodynamischen Strahl auf Stahl auftreten, ist derzeit wenig bekannt.In einer kurzen Übersicht werden die bisherigen Erkenntnisse bei der Bildung eines Strahles sowie die Vorgänge beim Durchdringen von Materie dargestellt. Beschußversuche an Eisen und Stählen unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung und Wärmebehandlung lassen an den Grenzschichten des Schußkanals verschiedene Veränderungen des Gefüges erkennen. Licht- und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen ergeben Aufschluß über die Vorgänge während des Eindringens des hydrodynamischen Energiestrahles sowie über das Verhalten der verschiedenen Gefüge unter örtlich konzentrierten Stoßwellenbelastungen. Mikrosondenuntersuchungen und rasterelektronenmikroskopische Aufnahmen ergänzen das gewonnene Bild.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 104
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mechanical Correlations at Material Transitions in Composite Bodies out of Dissimilar Materials. - Part I: Introduction. This paper gives a general description of the mechanical correlations in composite bodies. The formation and practical importance of the stress- and strain states, caused by the inhomogenous material transition, is discussed. Practicable composite bodies with plain and curved interfaces partly with interlayers are presented. The task and importance of intermediate layers is treated.
    Notes: In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird eine allgemein gehaltene einführende Beschreibung zum Problem der mechanischen Wechselwirkungen bei Verbundkörpern gegeben und auf die Entstehung und praktische Bedeutung von Spannungs- und Verformungszuständen durch den inhomogenen Werkstoffübergang hingewiesen. Ausgeführte Verbundkörper mit ebenen und gekrümmten Grenzflächen mit und ohne Zwischenschichten werden vorgestellt. Die Aufgabe und Bedeutung von Zwischenschichten wird behandelt.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 105
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 106
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 13-22 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: New engineering plastics. Plastics are increasingly materials for all fields of industrial, commercial and personal life. This results in numerous specific requirements with respect to their properties which cannot be fulfilled by conventional plastics. The way to improved materials is characterized by several features: -  development of new polymers, -  improvement of raw material production and technology, -  copolymerization, -  usage of all possibilities as given by multiphase systems.
    Notes: Die Kunststoffe werden in zunehmendem Maße Werkstoffe für alle Bereiche des industriellen, gewerblichen und persönlichen Lebens. Daraus ergeben sich zahlreiche spezielle Anforderungen an das Eigenschaftsbild, die von den bisher üblichen Kunststoffen nicht erfüllt werden können. Zu verbesserten Werkstoffen können führen: -  neue Hochpolymere -  verfahrenstechnische Maßnahmen bei der Herstellung -  Copolymerisation, -  Ausschöpfung der bei Mehrphasensystemen gegebenen Möglichkeiten.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 107
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 22-29 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion and Stress Corrosion Problems of Aluminium Structural Alloys. The corrosion behavior of structural Aluminium alloys in different environments is discussed. Reference is made to the important influence of naturally formed surface oxide films on corrosion resistance of Aluminium. Selected examples are given for the different types of attack, e. g. pitting corrosion, intergranular corrosion and exfoliation corrosion. The possible effect of composition and of fabricating procedures on corrosion is discussed. The stress corrosion mechanism of AlZnMg-alloys is quite different from the common corrosion process. The difficulties to distinguish between different corrosion mechanisms having apparently similar features are described. Knowledge of the different origins of failure provides possibilities for avoiding corrosion and stress corrosion damages.
    Notes: Ausgehend von der Bedeutung der natürlichen Deckschichten für die Beständigkeit des Aluminiums wird kurz das Verhalten in verschiedenen Medien besprochen. An ausgewählten Beispielen werden die verschiedenen Korrosionsarten, interkristalline Korrosion, Lochkorrosion und Schichtkorrosion, ihre Ursachen und mögliche Beeinflussung durch Zusammensetzung und Fertigungsbedingungen phänomenologisch erläutert. Spannungsrißkorrosion ist dagegen als ein gänzlich anderer Vorgang anzusehen. Es wird die Schwierigkeit aufgezeigt, unterschiedliche Prozesse, die zu einem ähnlichen Erscheinungsbild führen, auseinanderzuhalten und eine zuverlässige Beurteilung bei Schadensfällen vorzunehmen. Auf die Möglichkeit zur Vermeidung von Schäden bei Erkennen ihrer Ursache wird hingewiesen.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 108
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 51-51 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 109
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 52-52 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 110
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 52-52 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 111
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 61-69 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Laminated Composites of Refractory Metals and Oxides. Laminated composites of the metals Nb, Nb-1 Zr and Ta and of the oxides Al2O3 and ZrO2 are manufactured by high vacuum solid state bonding at temperatures above 1400 °C without a formation of intermediate layers. Bulk molybdenum and alumina are joined together by means of a niobium layer. The combinations investigated are of technical importance for the development of high temperature composites and refractory joints between metals and ceramics. The microstructure, the intrinsic chemical compatibility and other properties of the composite samples are described. Moreover, a method based on fracture mechanics is described which characterizes the bond strength between metals and ceramics by means of KIc-factors.
    Notes: Durch Hochvakuumverschweißung bei Temperaturen oberhalb 1400 °C werden Schichtverbundproben aus den Metallen Nb, Nb-1 Zr und Ta und aus den Oxiden Al2O3 und ZrO2 ohne Bildung von zusätzlichen Zwischenschichten hergestellt. Mo und Al2O3 werden über eine Nb-Schicht miteinander vereinigt. Die untersuchten Schichtverbundkombinationen sind von technischer Bedeutung für die Entwicklung von Verbundwerkstoffen und von hochtemperaturbeständigen Verbindungen zwischen metallischen und keramischen Materialien. Es wird über ihr Gefüge, ihre Eigenschaften und die chemische Verträglichkeit des Verbunds berichtet. Darüber hinaus wird eine bruchmechanische Methode beschrieben, mit der die Festigkeit des Verbunds über KIc-Faktoren charakterisiert werden kann.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 112
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 96-101 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Dispersion of Vickers and Knoop diagonals as a function of workpiece-hardness at low load testing. A statistical analysis of low load hardness test results measured under industrial conditions by the comparative use of Vickers and Knoop indenters was carried out.Accordingly, recommendations can be given for the number of indentations necessary to ensure a constant shape of the distribution of sample means all over the investigated hardness area from approx. 150 up to 950 daN/mm2.
    Notes: Unter praxisnahen Randbedingungen im Härtebereich von etwa 150 bis 950 daN/mm2 durchgeführte Kleinlasthärteprüfungen nach Vickers und nach Knoop wurden einer zusätzlichen Auswertung unterzogen, um den Zusammenhang zwischen Meßwertstreuung und Werkstoffhärte zu ergründen.U. a. wird gezeigt daß die Vorgabe eines für die mittlere Härte tolerierten Unsicherheitsbereiches verbunden ist mit einer bestimmten Zahl von Härteeindrücken, aus denen der mit dem entsprechenden Unsicherheitsbereich korrespondierende Härtemittelwert zu berechnen ist.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 113
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 114
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Holographic Investigations of Fibre Reinforced Plastic Materials. A review is given on the holographic investigations of fibre reinforced plastic components carried out in the last few years at Dornier System. Several results are discussed in the view of elaboration of qualitative and quantitative test criterions.
    Notes: Es wird ein Überblick über die seit einigen Jahren bei Dornier System durchgeführten holographischen Untersuchungen an faserverstärkten Kunststoffbauteilen gegeben. Einzelne Untersuchungsergebnisse werden unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Erarbeitung allgemeiner qualitativer und quantitativer Prüfkriterien diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 115
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Evaluation of Elastic Constants of Anisotropic Composite Materials by Means of Holographic Vibration Analysis. The wellknown „plate-equation“ describing vibrations of thin, homogeneous and isotropic plates is reformulated for nonisotropic composites, and equations are derived for to determine elastic constants. If type and frequency of the natural vibrations are known from holographic interferometry and one of the elastic constants  -  for instance Poisson's number  -  is given or determined somehow else all other constants can be calculated.
    Notes: Die Schwingungsgleichung für dünne, homogene und isotrope Platten wird auf anisotrope Verbundwerkstoffe erweitert. Aus ihr läßt sich ein Gleichungssystem zur Bestimmung der elastischen Konstanten ableiten. Es können alle Elastizitätskonstanten explizit berechnet werden, wenn Typ und Frequenz der Eigenschwingungen sowie die Poissonsche Zahl in einer Richtung bekannt sind.Diese Größen werden aus Hologrammen von Platten, die zu Eigenschwingungen angeregt worden sind, und aus holographischen Verformungsmessungen ermittelt. An anisotropen GFK-Platten wird diese Methode zur Bestimmung der elastischen Konstanten demonstriert.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 116
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The effect of carbon diffusion on the mechanical properties of ferritic-austenitic weldments. Weldments between ferritic and austenitic steels indicate a diffusion of carbon from ferritic to austenitic partner as an influence of temperature stresses and due higher solubility of carbon in γ-iron in comparison to α-iron.Investigations on two characteristic weldments (German standard H II/1.4571 and H II/Ni) have been conducted in different annealed conditions to study the effect of carbon diffusion on the various mechanical properties.There is an observable impairement of the mechanical properties of the weldments. Increased hardness in the carburised zone causes cracking and tensile strength as well as notch toughness decrease in the decarburised area.
    Notes: In Schweißverbindungen zwischen ferritischen und austenitischen Stählen tritt bei einer Temperaturbeanspruchung eine Diffusion des Kohlenstoffes vom ferritischen Stahl in Richtung des austenitischen Schweißgutes aufgrund der größeren Kohlenstofflöslichkeit des γ-Fe gegenüber dem α-Fe ein. Der Diffusionsbereich gliedert sich in eine entkohlte, mehr oder weniger grobe, stengelkornförmige Zone aus α-Fe, ferner in eine feinkörnige Zone mit schmalem perlitischem Saum auf der Ferritseite der Verbindung, außerdem einem Karbidsaum auf der Austenitseite im γ-Fe-Gebiet sowie dem anschließenden austenitischen Schweißgut, welches ebenfalls langgestreckte, vergrößerte Kornstruktur (Schweißgußgefüge) aufweist (Diffusion, Effusion).In diesem Bereich, der lichtmikroskopisch gut erkennbar ist, sind die mechanisch-technologischen Eigenschaften merklich beeinträchtigt. In der feinkörnigen, perlitförmigen Zone treten hohe Härten auf, die wahrscheinlich durch Ausscheidung feiner Karbide im Sinne einer Auscheidungshärtung bedingt oder auf eine inhomogene Lösung des Kohlenstoffes im Austenit zurückzuführen sind. Die hohen Härten in dieser Zone sind für Rißbildungen verantwortlich. Die Zugfestigkeit der Gesamtverbindung sinkt mit steigender Temperaturbeanspruchung und auch die Kerbschlagzähigkeit fällt mit erhöhter Temperaturbeanspruchung deutlich ab. Hierfür sind sowohl der entkohlte, stengelförmige Gefügebereich als auch die schmale Härtezone verantwortlich. Diese Zusammenhänge werden durch Mikrosondenuntersuchungen qualitativ bestätigt.Die Kohlenstoff-Diffusion ist als auslösender Faktor für die Verminderung der mechanisch-technologischen Eigenschaften und den damit zusammenhängenden Folgen, wie Entstehen von Spannungsrissen bzw. Trennbrüchen, ferner der Spannungsrißkorrosion bei Vorhandensein entsprechender Korrosionsbedingungen verantwortlich.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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  • 117
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 170-171 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 118
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 119
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 176-176 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 120
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 177-180 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Properties and applications of low-alloy steels for elevated temperatures. Demands on steels for elevated temperatures. Tensile and toughness data on Manganese Nickel Molybdenum Vanadium steels with ferritic-bainitic structures in dependence of the chemical composition and the temperature. Influence of pulsating stresses. Examples of application.
    Notes: Anforderungen an warmfeste Stähle. Ergebnisse von Festigkeits- und Zähigkeitsuntersuchungen an ferritisch-bainitischen MnNiMo V-legierten Stählen in Abhängigkeit von chemischer Zusammensetzung und Temperatur. Einfluß einer schwellenden Beanspruchung. Anwendungsbeispiele.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 121
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 200-205 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Wood and Woodmaterials in the Technology of Today and Tomorrow. Though wood on the market is under the pressure of numerous competing materials, its production and consumption increases on the whole world. Available are round logs, sawn lumber, sheetlike wood based materials such as plywood, particleboard, fiber building board and since some time glued structural parts. Continuous wood consumption is necessary for securing the beneficial effects of forests. In the Federal Republic of Germany and in most industrialized countries the production of particleboard increased in a parabolic manner. A special stimulation of wood consumption came by glued laminated structural parts. Firms working on this field founded the organization Glulam with the aim to standardize the production methods, the permissible stresses, the classification and dimensions of the sawn wood, the calculation of glued wood constructions and its behaviour in fire. On the basis of test results the minimum dimensions for fire resistance grades F 30 and F 60 (30 min. and 60 min.) are given. Large spans e. g. for halls, serving for various purposes, gymnasiums, covered tennis courts, ice rink halls, swimming baths, churches, warehouses, factory buildings, storage sheds, filling stations, shell roofs and bridges can be built with no other materials besides laminated timber with so little dead weight.
    Notes: Obwohl Holz auf dem Markt unter dem Druck zahlreicher Wettbewerbsstoffe steht, steigen sein Einschlag und Verbrauch auf der ganzen Welt ständig an. Angeboten und verwendet werden Rundholz, Schnittholz, plattenförmige Werkstoffe wie Sperrholz, Spanplatten, Faserplatten und seit geraumer Zeit verleimte Holzbauteile. Holzverbrauch ist erforderlich, um die Schutzwirkungen der Wälder zu sichern. Überproportional entwickelte sich in der Bundesrepublik und in den meisten industriell entwickelten Staaten die Erzeugung von Holzspanplatten. Besondere Belebung erfuhr die Holzverwendung durch den Holzleimbau. Die damit in Europa beschäftigten Firmen gründeten die Organisation Glulam, um die Fabrikationsvorschriften, die zulässigen Spannungen, die Klassifizierung und Bemessung der Holzlamellen, die Normung der Holzleimträger, ihre Berechnung und Einstufung hinsichtlich des Brandverhaltens zu vereinheitlichen. Für feuerwiderstandsfähige Holzleimbauteile kommen die Widerstandsklassen F 30 und F 60 in Frage. Große Spannweiten, z. B. bei Hallen aller Art, Schalendächern, Brükken, lassen sich weder mit Stahl noch mit Beton mit so geringem Eigengewicht wie mit Holzleimbauteilen erzielen.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 122
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Biomechanics and Simulation of the Tensile Behaviour of the Chordae tendineae of the Human Heart: Many problems in the field of medical research and clinical practise can be solved only by a more detailed knowledge of the material properties of biological tissues. Among other things it is the task of the biomedical engineer to support the physician in his research work to develop a material suitable for prothesises and artificial organs by application of the modern methods of the materials testing as well as his knowledge of the materials mechanics. These efforts are preceded by basic investigations of the tissue of that organ or of that part of the body which has to be replaced. For only then the important demands are fulfilled optimally, i. e. compatibility and an accurate function in a mechanical and a rheological sense. In a previous paper we investigated the strength and the rheological properties of the Chordae tendineae of the human heart with an electronic tensile testing machine. The present investigations shall show that these biomechanical phenomena can be reproduced by a nonlinear viscoelastic material model and can be simulated with an analogue computer.
    Notes: Viele Probleme in der medizinischen Forschung und Klinik lassen sich nur mit einer detaillierten Kenntnis des Stoffverhaltens biologischer Gewebe lösen. Es ist u. a. die Aufgabe des in der Biomedizinischen Technik tätigen Ingenieurs, dem Mediziner dei seiner Suche nach geeigneten Materialien für Prothesen und Implantate durch Anwendung moderner Methoden des Materialprüfungswesens sowie der Kenntnis der Werkstoffmechanik zu helfen. Diesen Bemühungen müssen Untersuchungen prinzipieller Art am Gewebe des zu ersetzenden Organ-bzw. Körperteils vorangehen, weil nur dann die wichtigen Forderungen, nämlich Kompatibilität und richtige Funktion in mechanischer und rheologischer Hinsicht, optimal erfüllt werden können. In einer früheren Studie haben wir das Festigkeitsverhalten und die rheologischen Eigenschaften der Sehnenfäden (Chordae tendineae) des menschlichen Herzens, die wichtige biomechanische Funktionen übernehmen, mit einer elektronischen Zugprüfmaschine getestet. Die vorliegenden Untersuchungen sollen zeigen, daß sich diese biomechanischen Phänomene mit einem nichtlinear viskoelastischen Werkstoffmodell reproduzieren lassen und mit Hilfe eines Analogrechners simuliert werden können.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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  • 123
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 231-232 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 124
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 232-232 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 125
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 249-253 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Measurement of the Deformations of EB-welded Joints by the Means of Holographic Interferometry. The field of deformations in EB-welded specimens should be measured in all directions. Therefore holographic interferometry was chosen to be the best method.Normally the deformations are so large, that the usual fringe systems cannot be solved. In order to avoid this difficulty, new diagrams were developed and based on this the holographic equipment was optimized. By means of the new diagrams and some derived diagrams it was possible, to calculate the deformations very easily.In addition a specimen-holder is described which allows the specimen to be taken out of the holographic system during the welding process.
    Notes: Das Verformungsfeld elektronenstrahlgeschweißter Proben war zu ermitteln. Dafür wurde die holografische Interferometrie als Meßverfahren ausgewählt.Die Verformungen sind i. a. so groß, daß mit üblichen Aufbauten Interferenzstreifensysteme mit nicht mehr auflösbarer Streifendichte entstehen. Mit Hilfe von Diagrammen, die aufgrund einfacher Gleichungen erstellt werden, konnte der Aufbau jedoch der Meßaufgabe entsprechend optimiert werden.Ähnliche Diagramme ermöglichen nach Aufnahme zweier Interferenzstreifensysteme die Auswertung der Verformungen in den interessierenden beiden Hauptachsen.Zusätzlich wird eine Vorrichtung beschrieben, die den Ausbau der Probe während des Schweißens gestattet.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 126
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Strength and Toughness, Criteria of Safety for Construction of Apparata. In the chemical research technique often high requirements are being set on the materials of apparata due to pressure, temperature and corrosive medias. While the strength necessary to avoid macroscopical deformation can be guaranteed today without difficulties, this does not go similarly for the toughness. The toughness of steel being a condition in the strength calculation is the real safety criterion for welded structures. This is especially applicable in the case of local peak stress due to construction or of micro cracks caused during manufacturing or service. If - as mostly in practice - local inhomogeneities and unknown residual stresses are existing, the linear fracture mechanics can only be applied with empirical factors. The best safety even with unforeseen overloadings can be seen in such a toughness, which avoids brittle fracture at all. The possible test methods will in any case have to reliably consider also the heat affected zones of weldings, since brittle cracks also in tough matrix can only be absorbed under limited stresses.
    Notes: In der chemischen Verfahrenstechnik werden meist infolge von Druck, Temperatur und korrosiven Medien hohe Anforderungen an die Werkstoffe von Apparaten gestellt. Während die zur Vermeidung makroskopischer Verformungen notwendige Festigkeit heute ohne Schwierigkeiten gewährleistet werden kann, gilt dies für die Verformungsfähigkeit nicht in gleichem Maße. Da die Verformungsfähigkeit bei Stählen in der Festigkeitsrechnung vorausgesetzt wird, stellt sie bei geschweißten Bauteilen das eigentliche Sicherheitskriterium dar. Dies gilt um so mehr, wenn auch konstruktiv bedingte örtliche Spannungsspitzen auftreten oder fertigungs- und betriebsbedingte Anrisse. Wenn wie meist in der Praxis örtliche Inhomogenitäten und unbekannte Eigenspannungen vorliegen, ist die Bruchmechanik nur mit empirischen Zuschlägen anwendbar. Die beste Sicherheit auch bei unvorhergesehenen Überlastungen liegt in einer solchen Zähigkeit, daß keine Sprödbrüche möglich sind. Die in Betracht kommenden Prüfverfahren müssen in jedem Fall auch die Wärmeeinflußzone von Schweißungen zuverlässig berücksichtigen, da spröd eingeleitete Brüche auch in Zäher Matrix nur bei begrenzten Spannungen aufgefangen werden können.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 127
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 41-41 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 128
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 29-34 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Crack Toughness of Heat Treatable Steels. A survey on KIc- measurements of heat treatable steels is presented. The influences of factors like the heat-treatment, test-temperature, micro-structure and the previous thermal and mechanical history of the starting material on the KIc-values are described. KIc-values at room-temperature of typical steels are tabulated.
    Notes: Es wird eine Übersicht über Ergebnisse neuerer Rißzähigkeitsmessungen an Vergütungsstählen gegeben. Die Einflüsse der Wärmebehandlung, der Prüftemperatur sowie metallurgischer und struktureller Faktoren auf die Rißzähigkeit werden aufgezeigt. Allgemein gültige Gesetzmäßigkeiten werden herausgestellt und die KIc-Werte kennzeichnender Vergütungsstähle bei Raumtemperatur zusammengefaßt.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 129
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 42-42 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 130
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 51-51 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 131
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 53-60 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Carbon-Carbon Composites. Carbon-carbon composites, i. e. carbon fibre reinforced artifical carbons, are a new type of composite material for high temperature applications. They exhibits strength values up to 100 kp/mm2 combined with densities lower than 2 g/cm3. Although at first developed for use in aerospace technology, in the last time they become more interesting for common applications because of their extraordinary properties.A process for the production of carbon carbon composites from commercially available endless carbon fibres and coal tar pitch as matrix precursor is presented. The properties of the composites are discussed in detail in relation to the production conditions. The high temperature strength under inert atmosphere is characterised up to 2000 °C. Literature is given for some newer applications of carbon-carbon composites.
    Notes: Kohlenstoff/Kohlenstoff-Verbundkörper (carbon carbon composites) weisen Festigkeiten bis zu 100 kp/mm2 bei Körperdichten unter 2 g/cm3 auf. Diese neue Werkstoffklasse, anfänglich für Luft- und Raumfahrtanwendung entwickelt, dringt wegen ihrer außergewöhnlichen Eigenschaften in allgemeine Anwendungsgebiete vor.Es wird ein Verfahren zur Herstellung solcher Verbundkörper aus kommerziell verfügbaren endlosen Kohlenstoff-Fasern und aus Steinkohlenteerpech als Matrixrohstoff vorgestellt. Die Eigenschaften der Verbundkörper und deren Abhängigkeit von den Herstellungsbedingungen werden im einzelnen diskutiert. Die Hochtemperaturfestigkeit bis 2000 °C in inerter Atmosphäre wird auf Grund von Kurzzeitmessungen charakterisiert. Auf neuere Anwendungen dieser Verbundkörper und diesbezügliche Literatur wird hingewiesen.
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  • 132
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 77-80 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Urethanbeton in der chemischen Industrie. Urethanbetone bilden eine Kategorie neuer Baustoffe, die eine solche interessante Eigenschaftenkombination besitzen, daß sie sich für besondere Anwendungen als Überzüge auf Böden, Wänden, Deckenbalken, Reaktionsbehältern, Vorratsbehältern usw. gut eignen. Alle diese Kombinationen sind darin gekennzeichnet, daß sie leicht anzuwenden und schnell abzubinden sind, und daß sie sehr schnell hohe Festigkeit erreichen. Man kann sie auch formulieren, um gute Beständigkeit gegen Reibung, Chemikalien, Hitze und Feuer zu erhalten. Besprochen werden ihre mechanischen und chemischen Eigenschaften.
    Notes: Urethane concretes are a class of new materials possessing an interesting combination of properties which make them suitable for specialised coating applications on floors, walls, overhead beams, reaction vessels, storage tanks, etc. All the compositions are characterised by being easy to apply, quick to set with an accompanying rapid attainment in strength and can be formulated to povide good resistance to abrasion, chemicals, heat and fire. Details are given of physical and chemical resistance properties.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 102-104 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 52-52 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 135
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  • 136
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Retardation of the recrystallization of tungsten wire in Ni- and NiCr-Matrix. Nickel and other metals like palladium, aluminium, manganese, platinum and iron are known to reduce the recrystallization temperature of doped tungsten and tungsten- 2 % thorium oxide. This effect and its retardation were investigated within the framework of a larger study of fiber reinforced materials.
    Notes: Nickel und andere Metalle, wie Palladium, Aluminium, Mangan, Platin und Eisen können die Rekristallisationstemperatur von dotiertem Wolfram und Wolfram-2% Thoriumoxid stark erniedrigen. Dieser Effekt wurde im Rahmen einer größeren Untersuchung über Faserverbundkunststoffe [1] studiert und Wege zu seiner Behebung gesucht.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 137
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 84-95 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Fiber-Reinforced Aluminium. Light-weight construction requires materials of very high tensile strength and Young's modulus. For this reason, the principles of fiber reinforcement is also applied to light metals, preferably aluminium as in the case of reinforced plastics, which have already found a wide variety of applications. Unidirectional fiber reinforcement of aluminium can be achieved either by filaments or by short fibers. For these two types of fibers, different technologies have been developed. The mechanical, properties so far achieved by filament reinforcement enable high-performance composites for special applications to be developed. Composites reinforced with low-cost short fibers, on the other hand, should be developed in particular for the production of mass products.
    Notes: Der Leichtbau benötigt Werkstoffe mit möglichst hoher Zugfestigkeit und hohem E-Modul. Es liegt daher nahe, auch auf Leichtmetalle, vorzugsweise Aluminium, das Prinzip der Faserverstärkung anzuwenden, wie es beim Kunststoff breiten Eingang in die Praxis gefunden hat. Die unidirektionale Faserverstärkung von Aluminium kann durch Lang- oder Kurzfasern vorgenommen werden. Für beide Fasertypen sind unterschiedliche Technologien entwickelt worden. Die bisher bei Langfaserverstärkung erzielten mechanischen Eigenschaften ermöglichen die Entwicklung eines Hochleistungsverbundwerkstoffes für spezielle Anwendungen. Die Einlagerung möglichst preiswerter Kurzfasern sollte dagegen vorzugsweise für die Herstellung eines Massenproduktes für breite technische Anwendungen entwickelt werden.
    Additional Material: 30 Ill.
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  • 138
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 108-108 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 139
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 140
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Anwendung der holographischen Interferometrie zur vergleichenden Messung von Form und Abmessungen von Wälzlagerelementen. Es wird eine industrielle Anwendung präsentiert über den Einsatz der Schräglichtbeleuchtungstechnik zur Nutzung des holographischen interferometrischen Vergleichs von nicht-optischen Oberflächen.Es wird ein holographischer Interferometer beschrieben zur Messung von Zylinder- und Kegelrollen. Es werden experimentelle Ergebnisse aufgezeigt. Anhand davon wird diskutiert, in wieweit es diese Technik ermöglicht, sehr kleine Formabweichungen zu messen, obwohl der Interferometer eine verminderte Empfindlichkeit aufweist, infolge der Schräglichtbeleuchtung.
    Notes: An industrial application of the oblique illumination technique used for holographic interferometric comparison of non-optical surfaces is presented.A holographic interferometer for testing cylindrical and taper rollers is described.Experimental results are given, while it is discussed how to measure very small form deviations in spite of a decreased sensitivity of the interferometer due to the oblique illumination technique.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 141
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 168-168 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 142
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 168-169 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 143
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  • 144
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 181-189 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Mechanism of Contact Fatigue. This Paper reviews the mechanism of contact fatigue and the different effects of material, lubricant, surface conditions and load on this type of surface failure in bearings and gears. An analysis of the combined stresses of two cylinders clearly demonstrates that the methods applied to calculate the actual stress in the contact zone are based on idealized conditions.The consideration of the effective conditions which influence life time of machine parts under concentrated contacts  -  for example residual stresses, dynamically changing thermal stresses, surface roughness  -  has not succeeded till now.
    Notes: In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden die vielfältigen Einflußgrößen, die bei der Oberflächenermüdung (Pitting- oder Grübchenbildung) in wälzend oder gleitend/wälzend beanspruchten Reibsystemen, z. B. Wälzlagern und Zahnradpaarungen, eine Rolle spielen, beschrieben. Dabei wird an Hand einer Berechnung der Beanspruchung zweier Walzen durch Normal- und Tangentialkräfte deutlich gemacht, daß für eine rechnerische Erfassung der Werkstoffanstrengung zur Zeit lediglich stark idealisierte Ansätze zur Verfügung stehen. Die Einbeziehung realer Werkstoff- und Oberflächenzustände (z. B. Eigenspannungen, dynamische Wärmespannungen und Oberflächenfeingestalt) in eine umfassende mathematische Beschreibung der Werkstoffanstrengung ist trotz einiger wesentlicher experimentell erarbeiteter Erkenntnisse bislang nicht gelungen.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 145
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  • 146
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 176-176 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 148
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 194-200 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Fatigue Strength and Notch Sensitivity of Al-Alloys 6061, 2024 and 7075. Comparison of the fatigue limits and fatigue notch factors for internally-notched sheet specimens of 6061-T4, 2024-T3-Alclad and 7075-T6-Alclad with kT = 2 to 4,6. Effect of clad on the fatigue strength of notched specimens. Notch sensitivity kF/kT as a function of notch radius. Notch sensitivity of the investigated Al-alloys for various stress concentration factors kT and stress ratios. Calculation of the fatigue notch factors of the investigated alloys with the aid of a two-parameter formula.
    Notes: Vergleich der Dauerfestigkeitswerte und der Kerbwirkungszahlen für innengekerbte Blechproben mit Formzahlen ak = 2 bis 4,6 aus AlMgSi1 und plattierten Werkstoffen. AlCuMg2 und AlZnMgCu1,5. Einfluß der Plattierung auf die Dauerfestigkeit von Kerbproben. Kerbempfindlichkeitskennwert ßk/ak in Abhängigkeit vom Kerbradius. Kerbempfindlichkeit der Aluminiumlegierungen bei verschiedenen Formzahlen ak und verschiedenen Spannungsverhältnissen R. Berechnung der Kerbwirkungszahlen der untersuchten Legierungen mit Hilfe einer Zweiparameterformel.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 221-224 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 150
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 231-231 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 151
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 152
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 232-232 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 153
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Analysis of the Behavior of the Steel X12 NiCrSi 32 20 at High Temperatures and over Long Periods. The demands made on the performance of materials for chemical plant are constantly growing. Besides the switch to large units we may note only an increase in pressures and temperatures, but for technical and economic reasons also a trend toward optimum utilization of material properties. The service life of structural parts which are subjected to the greatest pressure and temperature stresses must be calculated by means of longtime rupture strength parameters. Since the computational data may fluctuate within certain limits and irregularities in operation can occur, it is difficult to predict the remaining life of operating plant.A synthesis gas plant in which important pressure-stressed components are made of the austenitic material X 12 NiCrSi 32 20 is here taken as an example. An attempt is made to predict the remaining life with the aid of longtime rupture strength parameters which have been determined in our own extended time trials. A comparision of experimental results with elongation values obtained from measurement of the component parts permits a good prediction of the remaining service life. Structural examinations of samples removed from the installation complete the data.
    Notes: Die Ansprüche an die Leistungsfähigkeit der Werkstoffe für Chemie Anlagen wachen ständig. So ist neben dem Übergang zu großen Einheiten nicht nur ein Ansteigen der Drücke und Temperaturen zu verzeichnen, sondern aus technischen und wirtschaftlichen Gründen auch eine optimale Ausnutzung der Werkstoffeigenschaften. Bei den durch Druck und Temperatur höchstbeanspruchten Bauteilen muß die Lebensdauer anhand von Zeitstandfestigkeitskennwerten berechnet werden. Da die Berechnungsdaten, wie Druck und Temperatur, innerhalb gewisser Grenzen schwanken und Unregelmäßigkeiten im Betrieb auftreten können, ist eine Voraussage der Restlebensdauer von laufenden Anlagen schwierig.Am Beispiel einer Synthesegasanlage, bei der wichtige druckbeanspruchte Bauteile aus dem austenitischen Werkstoff X 12 NiCrSi 32 20 sind, wird versucht, mit Hilfe von Zeitstandfestigkeitskennwerten, die im eigenen Langzeitversuch ermittelt sind, eine Aussage über die Restlebensdauer zu machen. Der Vergleich der Versuchsergebnisse mit den an Bauteilen gemessenen Dehnwerten ermöglicht eine gute Voraussage der noch zu erwartenden Lebensdauer. Gefügeuntersuchungen an herausgetrennten Probestücken vervollständigen die Aussagen.
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  • 154
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 277-279 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 155
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 297-307 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Brick-lining of Vessels and Process Units for Chemical Service. Bricklinings are used as an internal protection in chemically attacked vessels and process units. They generally consist of an impermeable membrane and the masonry itself. Materials of the single parts of the lining are described and guidelines for chosing materials and designing the lining are given. After some details of installing the lining typical examples of bricklined vessels and process units are given.
    Notes: Ausmauerungen werden als Korrosionsschutz für chemisch beanspruchte Behälter und Apparate verwendet. Diese Ausmauerungen bestehen aus der Schutzschicht und dem eigentlichen Mauerwerk. Die Werkstoffe für diese Ausmauerungselemente werden beschrieben und die Gesichtspunkte für die Werkstoffauswahl erläutert. Auf Hinweise zur Ausmauerungstechnik und die Nachbehandlung von Ausmauerungen folgen Beispiele für Behälter und Apparate mit chemisch beständigen Ausmauerungen.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 156
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 317-323 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Fracture Mechanics Range of Validity and Application. The range of validity and application of the linear-elastic and elasto-plastic fracture mechanics is determined according to practicable quantitative criteria. The former is applicable to the low stress brittle fracture in brittle materials, the latter is applicable to the higher stress brittle and tear fracture in tougher materials. The real continuum mechanics fracture criterium is not yet determined. The linear-elastic fracture mechanics is widely applicable to fatigue fractures. Taking into account the interaction and sequence effect of low and high load amplitudes is necessary. The fracture mechanics approach to brittle and fatigue fracture is compared with traditional testing techniques.
    Notes: Der Gültigkeits- und Anwendungsbereich der linear-elastischen und der elastisch-plastischen Rißbruchmechanik wird nach praktikablen quantitativen Kriterien abgegrenzt. Erstere ist beim Niederspannungssprödbruch in relativ sprödem Werkstoff anwendbar, letztere beim Spröd- und Verformungsbruch in Zäherem Werkstoff bei höherer Spannung. Die eigentliche kontinuumsmechanische Bruchbedingung ist dabei noch nicht erfaßt. Die linear-elastische Rißbruchmechanik ist bei Ermüdungsbrüchen weitgehend anwendbar, wobei das Zusammenwirken niedriger und hoher Lastwechsel zu berücksichtigen ist. Die rißbruchmechanische Spröd- und Ermüdungsbruchprüfung wird den herkömmlichen Verfahren gegenübergestellt.
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  • 157
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 340-340 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 158
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 340-340 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 159
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 341-348 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Strains and Stresses in the Area of the Plastic Zone Near the Crack Tip of Precracked Steel Specimens. Models for shape and dimension of the plastic zone near the crack tip of precracked specimens are described and discussed. Using idealized assumptions an area of influence of the plastic zone is postulated in accordance with the shape of the plastic zone observed. In this area an estimation of the stress distribution has been made. X-ray stress measurements have been done in and near the plastic zone.
    Notes: Modellvorstellungen über Form und Größe der plastischen Zone nahe der Rißspitze angerissener Proben werden beschrieben und anhand experimenteller Beobachtungen diskutiert. Basierend auf der experimentell ermittelten Form der plastischen Zone, wird unter idealisierender Annahme ein Einflußbereich der plastischen Zone postuliert und der Spannungsverlauf innerhalb dieses Bereichs angegeben. Die Ergebnisse röntgenographischer Spannungsmessungen im Bereich der plastischen Zone werden angegeben und diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 160
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 374-381 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Degradation of Polyvinyl Chloride in Corona-discharges In oder to interpret the process of electrical breakdown in polyvinyl chloride cable insulations the chemical degradation of plasticized polyvinyl chloride sheets were studied under model conditions in corona discharges.The alterations of chemical structure within the sheets as well as in the gaseous phase were determined qualitatively and quantitatively.The alterations of chemical structure within the sheets as well as in the gaseous phase were determined qualitatively and quantitatively.From the composition of degradation products and their variation with time of corona discharge the mechanisms of polyvinylchloride and plasticizer degradation could be deduced.
    Notes: Zur Deutung der Vorgänge beim elektrischen Durchschlag in Polyvinylchlorid (PVC)-Kabelisolierungen wurde die chemische Zersetzung von Weich-PVC-Folien unter Modellbedingungen im elektrischen Glimmfeld untersucht. Die dabei auftretenden chemischen Veränderungen in der Folie sowie im Gasraum wurden qualitativ und quantitativ erfaßt. Aus der Zusammensetzung der Zersetzungsprodukte sowie ihrem Verlauf über der Beglimmzeit konnte auf die Abbaureaktionen des PVC und des Weichmachers bei Glimmbeanspruchung geschlossen werden.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 161
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 395-395 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 162
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 163
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 397-407 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Creep Behaviour at Room Temperature of Higher Strength Austenitic Steels containing Nitrogen. The mechanical properties of special austenitic steels with increased Cr and Ni contents and N2 content up to 0,35 % have been investigated. In the as-received condition i.e. annealed and water quenched, the 0,2 % offset yield strength of these steels ranges from 400 to 500 N/mm2. However, regardless of these increased yield strengths, the stress-strain characteristics are the same as for conventional austenitic steels. Since first plastic deformations correspond to an applied stress equal to 50 % of the 0,2 % yield strength, in practical applications the creep behaviour of these steels may be significant.Therefore, the creep behaviour at room temperature of the base metals and weldments has been investigated to determine the influence of thermal and mechanical treatments after annealing. The elastic limit of airquenched steels is significantly higher than of water-quenched, even though the 0,2 % yield strengths are essentially the same. This different stress-strain dependence influences the creep behaviour of the steel.The cold working of these steels by plastic straining in both tension and compression results in a useful strain hardening effect only when the direction of applied stress is the same as the stress during cold working. When the direction of stressing was reversed, a considerable Bauschinger-effect was observed.
    Notes: Untersucht wurden austenitische Sonderstähle mit erhöhten Chrom-Nickel-Gehalten und Stickstoffzusätzen bis zu 0,35 %. Die Stähle weisen im lösungsgeglühten und wasserabgeschreckten Anlieferungszustand 0,2-Grenzen von 400 bis 500 N/mm2 auf. Die von konventionellen austenitischen Stählen bekannte Spannungs-Dehnungs-Charakteristik wird durch die Festigkeitssteigerung jedoch nicht geändert, d. h. ber relativ niedrigen Spannungen von etwa 50 % der 0,2-Grenze setzt erstes plastisches Fließen ein. Daher ist beim Einsatz dieser Stähle bei Spannungen oberhalb 50 % der 0,2-Grenze mit Kriechdehnungen zu rechnen.Das Kriechverhalten dieser Stähle und ihrer Schweißverbindungen wurde bei Raumtemperatur untersucht, wobei auch der Einfluß der Abkühlart nach dem Lösungsglühen sowie der Einfluß einer Kaltverformung berücksichtigt wurde. Luftabgekühlte Stähle zeigen im Vergleich zu den wasserabgeschreckten im Zugversuch eine höhere Elastizitätsgrenze bei praktisch gleicher 0,2-Grenze. Diese veränderte Spannungs-Dehnungs-Charakteristik wirkte sich auch auf das Kriechverhalten aus.Der Einfluß einer Kaltverformung durch Recken wurde unter Zug- und Druckbelastung geprüft. Dabei zeigte sich, daß eine Verfestigung nur bei einer dem Kaltrecken gleichgerichteten Belastung nutzbar ist; bei gegensinniger Beanspruchung tritt ein ausgeprägter Bauschinger-Effekt auf.
    Additional Material: 26 Ill.
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  • 164
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  • 165
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 413-415 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A Waterbury-Farrel cold heading machine was instrumented so that the total force and frictional force could be recorded during the first blow operation of AISI 1018 steel wire and the efficiency of various lubricants, including zinc phosphate, was evaluated.Zinc phosphate and other bonded lubricants did not offer any distinct advantage in reducing the coefficient of friction between the wire and the central bore of the first blow punch whereas a low cost liquid lubricant, SAE 30 oil, used either alone on bare wire or with bonded lubricants proved to be the most effective. It is suggested that a low cost liquid lubricant, such as SAE 30 oil, used on bare wire has both economic and operational advantages under conditions where no extrusion is carried out during the first blow.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 166
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 416-428 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Conductivity of Cermets and other Multiphase Materials  -  Comparison between experimental and calculated electrical Resistivities. It was pointed out in the other two parts of this work, which equations amongst more than fifty enable the calculation of field properties (e. g. electrical and thermal conductivity, magnetic permeability) of multiphase materials (including porous materials) from microstructure parameters on a physical basis. Their derivation has been considered as well. - These „stereometric functions of field properties“ are summarized here revealing the relation between the properties of multiphase materials and the concentration, shape, orientation and properties of their constituent phases.  -  These equations are used now for calculating the electrical resistivity of cermets. Experimental values of about fifty various cermet combinations are compared with theoretical curves. The theoretically predicted dependence of the electrical resistivity on concentration, shape, orientation and temperature is clearly confirmed. Consequently the field properties of multiphase materials can be calculated from their stereometric microstructure data and field properties of their constituent phases. This helps in all cases, where, under certain conditions very low accuracy is to be expected from direct measurements, or when the microstructure can be more easily determined. Furthermore these equations show the direction in which the microstructure should be improved to achieve optimal properties (tailor made materials). Finally, these equations provide a means to avoid cumbersome data collections on multiphase materials, once the properties of the phases are well known.
    Notes: In den ersten beiden Teilen dieser Arbeit war gezeigt worden, welche der zahlreichen Gleichungen zur Berechnung von Feldeigenschaften (elektrische und thermische Leitfähigkeit, magnetische Permeabilität u. a.) mehrphasiger Werkstoffe (einschließlich poröser Werkstoffe) aus Gefügeparametern physikalisch begründet sind. Ebenfalls erörtert wurde ihre mathematische Ableitung.  -  Diese „Stereometriefunktionen der Feldeigenschaften“ werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit noch einmal zusammengefaßt. Sie enthalten die Abhängigkeit der Feldeigenschaft eines mehrphasigen Werkstoffes von der Konzentration, der Form, der Orientierung und den Feldeigenschaften seiner Phasen.  -  Die Gleichungen werden nun zur Berechnung des elektrischen Widerstandes von Cermets angewendet. Verglichen werden die theoretischen Kurven mit den experimentellen Werten von etwa 50 Cermetkombinationen Sie zeigen eindeutig die theoretisch begründete Form-, Orientierungs-, Konzentrations- und Temperaturabhängigkeit des elektrischen Widerstandes dieser Cermets. Die Berechnung der Feldeigenschaften mehrphasiger Werkstoffe aus Gefügedaten und den Eigenschaften ihrer Phasen macht die Messung bzw. Sammlung und Darstellung prinzipiell entbehrlich. Sie eröffnet die Möglichkeit zur vorausberechneten Eigenschaftsverbesserung durch Gefügeoptimierung („maßgeschneiderte Werkstoffe“) und erlaubt die Bestimmung der Feldeigenschaften aus stereometrischen Gefügemessungen dort, wo ihre direkte Messung sehr ungenau oder sehr schwierig ist.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 175-176 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 168
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. A22 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 169
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 189-193 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Failure Analysis with the Scanning Electron Microscope. Examples of practice and research will show the possibility to use the scanning electron microscopy for studying the various crack mechanisms. It is necessary, of course, to know most of parameters like material, stress, temperature, pressure, corrosive agent to get exact results.
    Notes: An verschiedenen Beispielen aus Praxis und Forschung wird die Einsatzmöglichkeit des Rasterelektronenmikroskopes (REM) für die Aufdeckung von Schadensursachen gezeigt. Es versteht sich von selbst, daß dies ohne Kenntnis der Betriebs- bzw. Beanspruchungsbedingungen nur in Sonderfällen möglich ist.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 225-226 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 171
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  • 172
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 205-208 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: A New Instrument for Measuring Creep under Alternating Loading and Temperature Conditions. It is an established fact that plastics are particularly subject to creep, i. e. deformation over a period of time under load. Under practical conditions unchanged load and constant temperature are seldom realized. The deformations associated with changing mechanical loads cannot generally be derived from the results of ordinary creep tests. In order to be able to study creep behaviour of plastics under intermittent load conditions (i. e. a sequence of loading and unloading), a special instrument has been developed at the Austrian Plastics Institute.The period of time as well as the ratio of loading and unloading phase can be programmed within wide ranges. Creep tests at varying temperatures can also be carried out with this instrument.Under intermittent load very significant differentiation of deformation and fracturing behaviour depending on the polymeric structure has been observed. Comparison of results of ordinary creep with those under intermittent loading at constant temperature shows, that in the case of amorphous thermoplastics destruction by stress crazing and fracture is markedly accelerated. On the other hand semicrystalline thermoplastics have excellent resistance against intermittent load.
    Notes: Es ist allgemein bekannt, daß bei Kunststoffen das Kriechen, die zeitliche Zunahme der Deformation unter Last, besonders stark ausgeprägt ist. Der Fall einer kontinuierlich wirkenden Belastung und konstanter Temperatur ist in der Praxis aber häufig nicht gegeben. Die mit wechselnden mechanischen Belastungen verbundenen Deformationen können im allgemeinen nicht aus den Ergebnissen üblicher Kriechversuche abgeleitet werden. Um das Kriechverhalten von Kunststoffen bei intermittierender Belastung (das ist eine Aufeinanderfolge von Belastungs- und Entlastungsschritten) studieren zu können, wurde im Österreichischen Kunststoffinstitut ein spezielles Gerät entwickelt. Die absolute Länge und auch das Verhältnis von Belastungs- zu Entlastungsphase können in weiten Bereichen programmiert werden. Mit dem gleichen Gerät lassen sich auch Kriechversuche bei wechselnden Temperaturen ausführen.Bei intermittierender Beanspruchung wurde eine sehr starke Differenzierung des Verformungs- und Bruchverhaltens in Abhängigkeit von der Struktur des Kunststoffes festgestellt. Der Vergleich der Ergebnisse mit den bei konstanter Belastung erhaltenen zeigt, daß bei amorphen Plastomeren die Zerstörung durch Spannungsrißbildung bzw. Bruch viel früher erfolgt. Dagegen weisen teilkristalline Plastomere eine ganz ausgezeichnete Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen intermittierende Beanspruchung auf.
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 227-231 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Gold Flashing on Relay Contacts. It is not the colour but the resistance of contacts which determines their efficiency. Since, however, it is an expensive and time-wasting procedure to measure the resistance of every contact, many costomers reject relays whose silver contacts show a brownish-black discolouration, complaining that they have been kept too long in stock.This problem was believed to have been solved by the introduction of gold-flashing as a temporary coating while the contacts are kept in stock. Now the German Post Office's Telecommunications Head Quarters (Fernmeldetechnisches Zentralamt der Deutschen Bundespost) in Darmstadt have found indications which raise some suspecions as to the damaging side-effects of gold-flashing. For this reason, a working committee of the VDE (Association of German Electrical Engineers), group 1.6„Contact behaviour and switching processes“, undertook its own investigations. The results were revealed during a platform-discussion on the 3rd October, 1973 in the Technical College at Karlsruhe and are given here in the form of edited speeches and a summary of the discussion.
    Notes: Nicht die Farbe, sondern der Kontaktwiderstand ist ein eindeutiges Maß für die Brauchbarkeit von Kontakten. Da aber die Messung des Kontaktwiderstandes zeitraubend und teuer ist, weisen viele Kunden Relais mit braun-schwarz angelaufenen Silberkontakten als „überlagert“ zurück. Seit der Einführung der Hauchvergoldung als vorübergehender Lagerschutz galt dieses Problem als gelöst. Hinweise des Fernmeldetechnischen Zentralamtes der Deutschen Bundespost in Darmstadt haben Zweifel an der Unschädlichkeit der Hauchvergoldung aufkommen lassen und einen Arbeitskreis der VDE-Fachgruppe 1.6„Kontaktverhalten und Schalten“ zu eigenen Untersuchungen veranlaßt. Die Ergebnisse wurden in einer Podiumsdiskussion am 3. 10. 1973 an der Technischen Hochschule Karlsruhe vorgetragen und werden heir als Kurzfassung der Vorträge und Zusammenfassung der Diskussion wiedergegeben.
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  • 175
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 334-336 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 176
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 338-339 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 177
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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  • 178
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 179
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 391-393 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 180
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 394-394 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 181
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 396-396 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 182
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 407-412 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Gradient of the S, N-curve. The classical two-parameter basic equations of Wöhler and Basquin and also the four-parameter equation of Palmgren/Weibull approximate the Wöhler curve in certain ranges only. They fail in particular when one attempts to use them to convert a service life increase into the appropriate gain in strength. For a more exacting analysis these approximations must be replaced by models of the Wöhler curve which are nearer to actual reality.
    Notes: Die klassischen Zwei-Parameter-Ansätze von Wöhler und Basquin, aber auch der Vier-Parameter-Ansatz von Palmgren/Weibull approximieren die S, N-Kurve nur bereichsweise; vor allem versagen sie, wenn man sich ihrer bedienen will, um eine erzielte Lebensdauersteigerung in den entsprechenden Festigkeitsgewinn umzurechnen: Bei anspruchsvolleren Analysen müssen diese Approximationen durch wirklichkeitsnähere Modelle der Wöhlerkurve ersetzt werden.
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  • 183
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 281-284 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 184
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Operating Principles of Mechanical Modules for Transducers and the Most Important Sources of Errors. The function of the mechanical modules of transducers for the measurement of physical quantities is explained and therefrom a classification of the transducers in three groups deduced. External interfering quantities, the feed-in of energy into the module and the material properties are mentioned as the most important sources of errors and their compensation is exemplified on already constructed transducers. Special attention is paid to the heat effect and the structure dependent mechanical properties of materials.
    Notes: Es wird die Funktion mechanischer Meßelemente von Meßwertaufnehmern zum Messen physikalischer Größen erläutert und daraus eine Einteilung der Aufnehmer in drei Gruppen abgeleitet. Als wichtigste Fehlerquellen werden äußere Störgrößen, die Energieeinleitung in das Meßelement und Werkstoffeigenschaften genannt und ihre Kompensation an ausgeführten Aufnehmern erläutert. Besonders wird auf die Wärmetönung und die strukturbedingten mechanischen Eigenschaften der Werkstoffe eingegangen.
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  • 185
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 314-317 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Assessment of the Reliability of Lubricants for Precision Machinery. The critical examination of the reliability of lubricants for instruments and precision machinery needs first the recognition of all the parameters influencing the efficiency of the lubricants. Afterwards these parameters have to be classified according to their significance of the application of the instruments and precision machinery.These numerous influences cause unexpected and very complicated interactions which often can only be recognized, if the instruments and precision machinery are tested under practical conditions. The very small quantities of lubricants used in the instruments and precision machinery require new techniques for examining the lubricated bearings.A well equipped laboratory and a serious planning of the tests as well are therefore indispensable.
    Notes: Für die Beurteilung der Zuverlässigkeit von Schmiermitteln für Instrumente und Apparate ist es notwendig, die Wirkung aller auf die Schmiermittel einwirkenden Einflüsse quantitativ zu erfassen und diese Einflüsse nach ihrer Bedeutung im späteren Einsatzgebiet des Instrumentes oder des Apparates einzustufen.Durch die Vielzahl der vorhandenen Einflüsse treten unerwartete, sehr komplizierte Wechselwirkungen auf, die meistens nur erkannt werden, wenn die Instrumente und Apparate in Versuchen unter möglichst praxisnahen Bedingungen arbeiten. Die Beurteilung der Schmierstellen in Instrumenten und Apparaten aus derartigen Erprobungsversuchen verlangt wegen der sehr geringen Schmiermittelmengen neue Untersuchungstechniken.Für die exakte Beurteilung der Zuverlässigkeit von Schmiermitteln ist deshalb neben einer guten Ausrüstung des Untersuchungslabors eine geschickte Versuchsplanung unumgänglich.
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  • 186
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 337-338 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 187
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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  • 188
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 340-340 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 189
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 358-366 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Artificial and Natural Composites for High Temperature Application. Artificial composites are made by embedding reinforcing fibers into a metallic matrix f. i. by means of powder metallurgy. Natural composites are defined by the thermodynamic equilibrium: directional solidified eutectics as natural composites of high stability at high temperatures. Composites will probably replace conventional superalloys as turbine blades in jet engines allowing higher temperatures of combustion and therefore resulting in higher efficiency.Examples of such composites as materials for engine design are discussed. New processing methods (high energy rate forming and directional casting) and some recent results are described.Practical examples are mentioned and an outlook given for use in the near future.
    Notes: Unter „künstlichen“ Verbundwerkstoffen werden solche verstanden, die durch Einbettung von Fasern in eine Metallmatrix  -  z. B. auf pulvermetallurgischem Wege  -  entstehen. „Natürliche“ Verbundwerkstoffe werden vom thermodynamischen Gleichgewicht her definiert: d. s. gerichtet erstarrte Eutektika von guter Stabilität bei hohen Temperaturen.Verbundwerkstoffe werden wahrscheinlich in der Zukunft einmal die konventionellen Superlegierungen als Material für Turbinenschaufeln in Strahltriebwerken ersetzen. Dadurch werden höhere Verbrennungstemperaturen und eine höhere Leistung der Turbine ermöglicht.Beispiele der neuartigen künstlichen und natürlichen Verbundwerkstoffe für den Hochtemperatureinsatz in Wärmekraftmaschinen werden diskutiert. In diesem Zusammenhang werden neue Verfahrenstechniken, wie Hochgeschwindigkeitsstrangpressen und gerichtete Erstarrung von Schmelzen sowie neueste Versuchsergebnisse beschrieben.Es wird auf praktische Beispiele eingegangen und ein Ausblick auf die zukünftige Entwicklung gegeben.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
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  • 190
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 381-389 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Problems of Mechanism of Erosion in Abrasive Stream. The results of investigation obtained by different methods (metallographical and electron microscopy, X-ray analysis, microhardness testing, profile measurement) are presented in the paper. Changes in surface layers prior to chip formation and its separation have been investigated. The specimens, mainly of soft and hardened steels were tested for wear in the stream of abrasive particles with a hardness greater than that of the specimens.The data of investigations show that the so-called polydeformation wear mechanism is of prime importance with soft steels subjected to erosion (mean cycle number n = 4 … 10). In the case oif hardened steels separation of the wear particles is experienced at greater and medium impact angles along the „white layers“. The cycle number of particle separation with hardened steels constitutes 1 … 2 only.In the case of quite small impact angles microcutting predominates for all metals.
    Notes: Im vorliegenden Artikel werden Probleme der Strahlverschleißbeanspruchung behandelt. Es werden Forschungsergebnisse über die Veränderungen der Grenzschicht, die dem Bruch vorangehen, sowie über Bruchmechanismen selbst, wie sie mit Hilfe von Licht- und Elektronenmikroskopie, Röntgenographie, Mikrohärteprüfung und Rauhigkeitsprüfung erhalten werden können, dargelegt. Die Untersuchungen wurden hauptsächlich an weichen und gehärteten Stählen unter Verwendung von Strahlmitteln durchgeführt, deren Härte größer als die Werkstoffhärte ist.Die Ergebnisse lassen den Schluß zu, daß bei weichen Stählen dem sog. Polydeformationsverschleißmechanismus (mittlere Zykluszahl n = 4 … 10) die größte Bedeutung beizumessen ist. Bei gehärteten Stählen werden die Verschleißpartikel bei großen und mittleren Anstrahlwinkeln längs der beim Vorgang entstehenden „weißen Schichten“ abgetrennt. Die Zykluszahl für das Lostrennen beträgt hier nur etwa n = 1 … 2.Bei sehr kleinen Anstrahlwinkeln ist für alle Metalle der Mikrozerspanungsvorgang dominierend.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 191
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    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 396-396 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 192
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 449-472 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The two-dimensional solubility parameter approach has been applied to the prediction of solubility of one polymer in another. The solubility parameters of a number of polymers have been calculated and the second dimension shown to improve the agreement between the calculated solubility and that measured using a ternary solution technique. The method proved most useful for predicting the effect of small structural modifications on solubility, and several examples of changing solubility, monitored by calculations and measurements, are given. Structural modifications included copolymer ratio variations and substitutions to affect polymer density or reduce polarity of functional groups. The effects of temperature and molecular weight on solubility are discussed in terms of regular solution theory, which could not account for the decrease in solubilities with increased temperature observed for several polymer-polymer systems.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 193
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The concept that flammability is fundamentally related to the potential thermal energy available per unit of volume of material emerged from attempts to correlate the effect of composition variables on the flammability of neoprene vulcanizates as measured by the oxygen index (O.I.) test. The origins of this test clearly show that it is a highly specific measure of flammability - the tendency of a composition to continue to burn once ignited - and that it is thermodynamically related to the heat of combustion of materials. This relationship is developed to a linear correlation which includes a wide variety of synthetic and natural materials and permits reasonable prediction of O.I. values from elemental analysis. Polymeric materials containing carbon and oxygen in atom ratios of less than 6 to 1 are more flammable than predicted. The effect of atmospheric temperature on O.I. can be predicted in relation to the O.I. value at normal temperature. This effect is shown to be independent of the composition of the material being tested. These two correlations permit the construction of a simple general map of flammability against which experimental data can be compared and judgments made with respect to the significant variables involved. There appears to be a significant relation between O.I. data, as viewed from these correlations, and the data of other flammability tests.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 194
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 897-912 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Atactic polystyrene was subjected to an elevated pressure-temperature cycle with the resulting densification, mechanical properties, and thermal scanning behavior observed. Most densifications were carried out with the PST as a viscous liquid. In this manner, ambient residual compactions greater than 2% were produced. Pressures up to 90,000 psi and temperatures to 320°C were employed. The technique used for vitrification from the high pressure-temperature region was found to drastically affect the mechanical behavior. If the polystyrene was vitrified from the treatment region by lowering the temperature, the material exhibited enhanced yield strength, by up to 40%. If the polystyrene was quenched by raising the pressure, the samples exhibited much lower mechanical strength. While the mechanical behavior of temperature-vitrified samples is enhanced compared to the pressure-vitrified materials, their densities are comparable. The compaction achieved is primarily determined by the pressure applied as the polymer vitrifies. Thermal scanning behavior of the pressure-vitrified materials show endothermic and exothermic responses below Tg, while the temperature-vitrified materials do not. Annealing the compacted polystyrene at room temperature caused little change in density. However, at temperatures above 60°C, the density relaxed rapidly. Samples which had been temperature vitrified and annealed such that the compaction completely relaxed, still maintained the enhanced mechanical properties of the densified materials.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 195
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 975-992 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Der Vernetzungsverlauf eines Epoxidharz-DMAPA-Systems wird mittels UR-Spektroskopie, Kalorimetrie, Zugfestigkeits-, Mikro- und Makrohärte-, Gleichstromwiderstands- und Schubmodulmessungen untersucht. Die Bestimmung des zeitlichen Verlaufes der Glastemperatur während der Vernetzung führte zur physikalischen Aufklärung von Eigenschaftsanomalien bei höheren Vernetzungstemperaturen. Eine Erklärung für den eigenartigen Verlauf der Glastemperatur konnte dagegen nicht gegeben werden.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 196
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 993-1012 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Le greffage de films de 6 microns d'épaisseur en poly(téréphtalate d'éthylène glycol) (PTEG), de marque Terphane, avec l'acide acrylique, conduit à des membranes exploitables en électrodialyse mais inutilisables en osmose inverse. La technique radiochimique permet de réaliser le greffage dans des conditions très satisfaisantes. Les observations portant sur la cinétique du greffage, sur le gonflement des films greffés, sur leur resistance électrique, sur leur cristallinité et enfin sur leur structure révélée par microscopie électronique permettent de mieux comprendre le mécanisme du greffage et mettent en évidence des corrélations étroites entre la structure des films greffés, les conditions du greffage et les propriétés des membranes résultantes. Le rǒle joué par les zones amorphes dans le système considéré revět une importance primordiale: les zones amorphes sont seules susceptibles de recevoir l'acide acrylique et de permettre la formation en leur sein de poly(acide acrylique). Ce dernier s'accumule dans les zones amorphes où sa concentration tend vers une limite déterminée concurremment par deux facteurs. D'une part la barrière physique des zones cristallines s'oppose à l'extension du greffage. D'autre part les conditions měmes de la réaction, dans la mesure où l'état d'enchevětrement ou de réticulation qui peut s'établir entre les chaǐnes de poly(acide acrylique) finit par s'opposer à l'arrivée du monomère, peuvent créer éventuellement une seconde limite au développement de la réaction. Le diphényle utilisé comme agent gonflant paraǐt favoriser l'extension des zones amorphes par l'attaque des zones cristallines. Il est possible que sa présence conduise en outre à un poly(acide acrylique) de poids moléculaire plus faible donc de structure moins enchevětrée et plus ouverte à la diffusion de l'eau, ce qui expliquerait qu'une perméabilité à l'eau ait seulement pu ětre obtenue par greffage en présence de diphényle. L'acide formique utilisé également comme agent gonflant semble avoir eu un résultat opposé en donnant lieu à des taux de gonflement plus faibles. Il est possible que ce composé favorise la formation de poly(acide acrylique) de haut poids moléculaire aboutissant à un pseudo-gel par enchevětrement moins facilement gonflable. En conclusion, ce travail montre que dans les conditions utilisées, le greffage du PTEG par l'acide acrylique tend vers un taux limite déterminé principalement par le degré de cristallinité. L'armature cristalline du PTEG n'est pratiquement pas altérée. Les propriétés du PTEG sont très diversement affectées par le traitement. La perméabilité à l'eau et la résistance mécanique sont peu modifiées plors que par contre la conductivité électrique est considérablement augmentée.
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  • 197
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The sorption of water vapor on two heat shield composites SLA-561 and SLA-561V and the SLA components was measured over the pressure range of 10-3 to 10 torr and at 25°, 30°, and 35°C. The sorption of water vapor by both the composites and the components varied directly with pressure and equilibrium was attained typically within 30 min. The sorption of water by SLA-561V, phenolic spheres, and silica fibers varied inversely with temperature. The mechanism proposed for the interaction of water vapor with the SLA composites was a combination of absorption and adsorption.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 198
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    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 1173-1179 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A simple and rapid method has been developed to determine the relative effectiveness of the different regions of the solar spectrum in weathering a polymer. The method is based on measuring the rate of degradation of the polymer in film form, exposed outdoors under a range of materials which transmit different amounts of solar UV. The stability of an unpigmented ABS terpolymer has been examined using this method. It has been shown that the relatively small amount of solar radiation in the range of 295-340 nm accounts for 41% of the total degradation process. Longer wavelengths are shown to be progressively less effective; wavelengths greater than 450 nm (which account for nearly 90% of the total energy of the solar spectrum) contribute less than 5% to the degradation process.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 199
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 1213-1224 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The temperature and frequency dependences of complex shear modulus and mechanical losses were studied for expoxy resin composition in the presence of different amounts of quartz and polystyrene fillers. The data obtained were analyzed by the use of the Williams-Landell-Ferry method. It was shown that in the mechanical behavior of filled polymers, except for the well-known temperature-time analogy there exist some lows connected with the presence of filler. The change in filler concentration leads to the same change in the real part of complex modulus as change in frequency (concentration-time analogy), and change in temperature is equivalent to concentration change (temperature-concentration analogy). The existence of these analogies is explained by a change in deformation conditions for polymeric matrix in the presence of different amount of filler, by the existence of surface layers of polymer at the interface with solid filler, and by peculiarities of the mechanical behavior of filler. It is also established that the thickness of surface layer which was determined from experimental data depends on temperature and has an extremum in the temperature region of the α-transition.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 200
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 1247-1259 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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