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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aspects of fusion combining ability of dihaploidSolanum tuberosum L.: influence of the cytoplasm (1998)
    Springer
    Potato research 41 (1998), S. 155-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: potato ; mitochondria ; chloroplast ; protoplast fusion ; somatic hybridization ; cytoplasmic inheritance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Creation from 4x hybrid clones from protoplast fusion of 2x clones of potato was evaluated. Besides combined nuclear genomes, composition of the cytoplasm significantly influenced the phenotypic traits of hybrid clones. To ascertain the influence of parental cytoplasm on the success of protoplast fusion and regeneration of hybrid plants, data from 74 fusion combinations of 50 dihaploid clones were analyzed. The majority of dihaploid breeding clones belonged to the cytoplasm types Wα, Tβ and Wγ. When the closely related mt types α, β and γ were used, fusion combinations had a better combining ability compared with more distantly related cytoplasms δ and ⃛. Fusions containing the same mitochondrial type (homofusions) were not superior to closely related mitochondrial types. However, homofusions of cytoplasm type Wα yielded significantly more hybrids than homofusions of type Tβ. In general, parental cytoplasm types had little impact on the fusion combining behaviour. Thus the cytoplasm type of the fusion parents is not a suitable marker for predicting the combining ability in protoplast fusion experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02358438
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meiotic behavior of passion fruit somatic hybrids, Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Degener + P. amethystina Mikan (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 98 (1997), S. 121-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: passion fruit ; Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa ; Passiflora amethystina ; somatic hybridization ; meiotic behavior ; pollen viabilty
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Somatic hybrids (SH) obtained by protoplast fusion were investigated for meiotic behavior in order to determine their possible use in breeding programs. Flower buds from four genotypes of SH between P. edulis f. flavicarpa (E) and the wild species P. amethystina (Am) denoted SH (E + Am) # 12, # 13, # 28 and # 35 were collected and the microsporocytes analysed. Meiotic phases showed the presence of abnormalities such as univalents, bivalents and quadrivalents, laggard chromosomes and anaphase bridges. At least 14 bivalents were observed in most of the cells of the hybrid plants. The percentage of cells with quadrivalents ranged from 73.3 in (E + Am) # 13 to 93.3 in (E + Am) # 28 and # 35. Analysis of pollen viability (V) indicated V = 88.23% for # 12, V = 83.86% for # 13, V = 84.20% for # 28, and V = 72.90% for # 35, and fruit development was observed. The high pollen viability, together with the multivalent pairing observed in the four somatic hybrids indicates that these materials can be used for the genetic improvement of yellow passion fruits aiming at introgressions of genes for resistance to diseases and pests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003099709021
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatic hybridization between Solanum tuberosum and species of the S. nigrum complex: Selection of vigorously growing and flowering plants (1997)
    Springer
    Euphytica 96 (1997), S. 345-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: potato ; Solanum nigrum complex ; somatic hybridization ; hybrid selection criterions ; cell-selectable markers ; DNA content
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Fusion experiments were performed between diploid (2n = 2x = 24) or tetraploid (2n = 4x = 48) potato genotypes and four species of the Solanum nigrum complex, namely S. nigrum (2n = 6x = 72), S. villosum (2n = 4x = 48), S. chenopodioides (2n = 2x = 24) or S. americanum (2n = 2x = 24 and 2n = 6x = 72). All five accessions of the S. nigrum-species were successfully hybridized with at least one of the potato genotypes. Somatic combining abilities were influenced by the ploidy level as well as the genotype of the parental species. The use of kanamycin or hygromycin resistance as cell-selectable markersystem had no influence on somatic combining ability, but such markers can be useful to improve efficient selection of somatic hybrids in sufficient numbers. At least 20% of the hybrids of each successful combination performed well in vitro. However, only 60 genotypes out of 761 somatic hybrids were vigorous as well as flowering in the greenhouse. Analysis of the DNA content of somatic hybrids could be used as a criterion for the indirect selection in vitro of hybrids that were vigorous in the greenhouse. Flowering somatic hybrids of S. nigrum (+) 2x potato and S. americanum (+) 4x potato were selected with the aim of introgression of resistance traits after recurrent backcrossing with cultivated potato.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003038419126
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The current status of knowledge on the cellular biology of potato (1996)
    Springer
    Potato research 39 (1996), S. 429-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Keywords: anther culture ; androgenesis ; somatic hybridization ; breeding schemes ; dihaploid ; in situ hybridization ; unredund gametes ; chromosome elimination ; Solanum tuberosum L
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Conventional potato breeding does not make full use of the existing biodiversity within theSolanum genus. Moreover breeding at the 4x-4x level is slow. The potential for breeding at the diploid and dihaploid levels has therefore been explored. This requires use of novel techniques to overcome deviations from the desired Endosperm Balance Number. Somatic hybridization approaches include symmetric and asymmetric hybridizations and cybridization. Interesting traits have been successfully transferred through these techniques. Introgression and chromosome elimination have profited from the recent and rapid development of analytical techniques such as RFLP and RAPD. Cellular approaches in potato breeding may be combined with conventional breeding by a stepwise reduction of the ploidy level followed by resynthesis of a new heterozygous tetraploid clone. Such schemes have been used to include virus or nematode resistance. Haploids may be derived from different sources or obtained through different techniques. Dihaploid-dihaploid breeding programmes may be especially interesting. Because of this potential, cellular biology of potato deserves the continued interest of the scientific community.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02357948
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The integration of protoplast fusion-derived material into a potato breeding programme — a review of progress and problems (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 451-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Solanum tuberosum ; somatic hybridization ; regeneration ; asymmetric fusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary This paper reviews investigations into the application of protoplast fusion to the genetic and agronomic improvement of potato. Fusion studies involving Solanum tuberosum are reviewed under the categories of: fusion with wild relatives, dihaploid fusion and asymmetric strategies. The selection and characterisation of putative somatic hybrid material is identified as a critical stage in the process and certain specific aspects of this technology are identified. Future prospects for the wider uptake and integration of these techniques into breeding programmes are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023979
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sexual and somatic hybridization in the genus Lactuca (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 281-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Lactuca sativa ; Lactuca virosa ; Lactuca tatarica ; Lactuca perennis ; Iettuce ; sexual hybridization ; embryo rescue ; somatic hybridization ; protoplast fusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Various genes for disease resistance identified in wild Lactuca are difficult, even impossible to exploit in lettuce breeding, due to sexual incompatibility between L. sativa and wild Lactuca sp. We adapted two cellular biology techniques to overcome these interspecific barriers: in vitro embryo rescue and protoplast fusion. In vitro rescue of immature embryos was used successfully for sexual hybridization between L. sativa and L. virosa. Vigorous hybrid plants were produced between L. sativa and seven accessions of L. virosa. Protoplast fusion permitted the regeneration of somatic hybrids between L. sativa and either L. tatarica or L. perennis. Hybrids between L. sativa and L. tatarica were backcrossed to L. sativa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023957
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The potential of somatic hybridization in crop breeding (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 217-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: crop improvement ; alien gene transfer ; progeny analysis ; somatic hybridization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In recent years, the rapid development of somatic cell genetics has made possible the transfer of alien genes over wide taxonomic distances by somatic hybridization. In this review, the potential of somatic hybridization in the breeding of crops within the Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae and Solanaceae is discussed. It is evident from these studies that many hybrids, either symmetric or asymmetric, which are fertile have the potential to be used as a bridge between the alien species and the crop. Progeny analysis of some hybrid combinations also reveals intergenomic translocations which may lead to the introgression of the alien genes. Furthermore, fusion techniques enable the resynthesis of allopolyploid crops to increase their genetic variability and to restore ploidy level and heterozygosity after breeding at reduced ploidy level in polyploid crops.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023951
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protoplast technology for the breeding of top-fruit trees (Prunus, Pyrus, Malus, Rubus) and woody ornamentals (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 287-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: protoplasts ; protoclonal variation ; somatic hybridization ; top-fruit trees ; woody ornamentals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Until recently, temperate fruit trees and woody ornamentals have been regarded as recalcitrant to biotechnological breeding approaches based on protoplasts. This however should no longer be the case, as procedures are now available, not only for the regeneration of complete plants from protoplasts of various tissues of such species, but also for the exploitation of protoplast technology for their genetic manipulation. This paper will examine the recent advances and state of the art in this domain, with particular attention to the use of protoplast technology as a novel tool in the breeding of rosaceous top-fruit tree species and woody ornamentals. Problems and their solutions within the context of regenerating plants from isolated protoplasts of stone (Prunus spp.), pome (Pyrus spp., Malus spp.) and small (Rubus spp.) fruits, and of several shrubby ornamental genotypes (Lonicera spp., Weigela spp., Forsythia spp., Cotoneaster spp.) will be addressed. Interspecific (Prunus spinosa + Prunus cerasifera) and intergeneric (Forsythia spp. + Syringa spp.) somatic hybridization within this group of species, as well as the use of protoplasts for host/pathogen interaction studies (Pyrus/Erwinia amylovora) will also be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023958
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