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  • 1
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Alkaloids ; Piperidine alkaloids ; 3-Pyridinols; 2,6-dlialkylated ; Bromine-lithium exchange and alkylation, regiospecific ; Hydrogenation of 3-pyridinols ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Syntheses of the Piperidine Alkaloids (±)-Cassine, (±)-Spectaline, (±)-Spicigerine Methyl Ester and of (±)-Azimic Acid and (±)-Carpamic AcidThe piperidine alkaloids (±)-cassine (1), (±)-spectaline (2), (±)-spicigerine methyl ester (3), (±)-azimic acid (4), and (±)-carpamic acid (5) have been synthesized stereoselectively in the following way: In the SEM ether 7 of 2,6-dibromo-3-pyridinol (6) the bromine atom in position 2 can be regiospecifically exchanged with nBuLi to give 8. Reaction of 8 with methyl iodide gave the key compound 9 exclusively. In the presence of Kumada′s NidpppCl2 catalyst in ether solution 9 reacts with the Grignard reagents from the bromides 14-18 to give the products 19-23. Methanolysis of the products gave the substituted 3-pyridinol derivatives 24-28. Subsequent acetalisation led to 29, 30 and hydrolysis to 31, 32. Hydrogenation of 28-32 with Rh on alumina catalyst and 90 bar pressure gave exclusively the (±) products 33, 34, 3, 4, and 5 with (2r,3c,6c) configuration. Hydrolysis of the ethylene acetal group in 33 and 34 gave (±)-1 and (±)-2.
    Notes: Die Piperidinalkaloide (±)-Cassin (1), (±)-Spectalin (2), (±)-Spicigerin-methylester (3) sowie (±)-Azimsäure (4) und (±)-Carpamsäure (5) werden stereoselektiv synthetisiert: Im SEM-Ether 7 des 2,6-Dibromo-3-pyridinols (6) erfolgt bei der Reaktion mit nBuLi ein regiospezifischer Austausch des Bromatoms in Position 2. Die entstandene Li-Verbindung 8 läßt sich mit Methyliodid zur Schlüsselverbindung 9 methylieren. Diese reagiert in Gegenwart von Kumadas NidpppCl2-Katalysator in Ether mit den Grignard-Reagenzien aus den Bromiden 14-18 zu den 6-substituierten Pyridinen 19-23. Methanolyse und Hydrolyse liefern die 3-Pyridinol-Derivate 24-28 und durch nachfolgende Acetalisierung 29, 30 sowie durch Hydrolyse 31, 32. Die Hydrierung von 28-32 mit Rh auf Alox-Katalysator unter 90 bar Druck ergibt ausschließlich die (±)-Produkte 33, 34, 3, 4 und 5 mit (2r,3c,6c)-Konfiguration. Hydrolyse der Ethylenacetalgruppe in 33 und 34 ergibt (±)-1 und (±)-2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1989 (1989), S. 443-447 
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Alkaloids ; Heteroyohimbane analogues ; Indolo[2,3-a]quinolizines ; Stilbazoles ; Aldol condensation ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Heteroyohimbane Analogues from 3-Acetyl-7,12-dihydro-2-methyl-6H-indolo[2,3-a]quinolizinium Chloride1)The methyl side chain of 3-Acetyl-7,12-dihydro-2-methyl-6H-indolo[2,3-a] quinolizinium chloride (1a) and its acetal 1b, prepared from tryptamine hydrochloride and acetoacetaldehyde dimethylacetal, are treated with carbonyl compounds. Starting from 1b, benzaldehyde and furfural yield the stilbazoles 4a-d, after hydrogenation of ring C the tetrahydropyridines 5a-c. With hydrate-forming carbonyl compounds like chloral, diethyl mesoxalate, and ninhydrin, water is not eliminated (6-8, 10, 12) and, starting from 1a, the acetyl side chain participates in forming the heteroyohimbane-like ring E (9, 11, 13).
    Notes: In dem aus Tryptamin-hydrochlorid und Acetylacetaldehyd-dimethylacetal gebildeten 3-Acetyl-7,12-dihydro-2-methyl-6H-indolo[2,3-a]chinolizinium-chlorid (1a) und seinem Acetal 1b wird die Methyl-Seitenkette durch Umsetzung mit Carbonyl-Verbindungen kondensiert. Benzaldehyd und Furfural führen ausgehend von 1b zu den Stilbazolen 4a-d, nach Hydrierung von Ring C zu den Tetrahydropyridinen 5a-c. Mit Hydrat-bildenden Carbonyl-Verbindungen wie Chloral, Mesoxalsäure-diethylester und Ninhydrin bleibt die Wasser-Abspaltung aus (6-8, 10, 12), und es kommt ausgehend von 1a unter Beteiligung der Acetyl-Seitenkette zur Schließung des Heteroyohimban-ähnlichen Ringes E (9, 11, 13).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Alkaloids ; Daurine ; Folidine ; Haplophyllum ; 2(1H)-Quinolinones ; Rutaceae ; Total synthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Strukturen der kürzlich aufgefundenen 2(1H)-Chinolinon-Alkaloide Daurin und Folidin konnten durch Totalsynthese bestätigt werden.
    Notes: Abstract Structures of the recently isolated 2(1H)-quinolinone alkaloids, daurine and folidine have been confirmed by total synthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Alkaloids ; Extraction ; Pharmacopoeias ; Strychnos
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 12 (1986), S. 713-728 
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Alkaloids ; phenolics ; feeding trials ; digestibility ; growth ; Lespedeza cuneata ; Penstemon digitalis ; Microtus pennsylvanicus ; Microtus ochrogaster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Lespedeza cuneata contains high levels of phenolics and is a common food plant of the meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus);Penstemon digitalis contains substantial quantities of alkaloids and is a common food plant of meadow voles and prairie voles (M. ochrogaster). We investigated the palatability of these plants and the effects of their secondary compounds on the digestion efficiencies and growth of both species of voles. Voles ate very little of either plant when alternative food was present. Phenolics and alkaloids were extracted from the plants, incorporated into separate artificial diets, and fed to weanling voles for three weeks.Lespedeza phenolics reduced the growth of meadow voles but not prairie voles throughout the feeding trial. These compounds disrupted digestion, reducing protein digestibility by more than half.Penstemon alkaloids lowered only the initial growth rates of prairie voles and had no significant effect on meadow voles. Prairie voles tended to increase food consumption rates on bothLespedeza andPenstemon diets. This response offset some of the decrease in digested protein intake in the first case, and offset the increased metabolic cost of processing the diet in the latter case. Our results indicate that althoughLespedeza phenolics andPenstemon alkaloids do influence consumption and digestibility of artificial diets, they do not greatly reduce the performance (i.e., growth or survival) of voles when consumed at levels generally observed for wild voles. However, these compounds probably do place an upper limit on the amount of freshLespedeza andPenstemon that can be consumed and contribute to the generalist feeding strategy of voles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 412-414 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Zanthoxylum tessmannii (Engl.) Ayafor ; Amides ; Terpene hydrocarbons ; Alkaloids ; Medicinal plant ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 70 (1985), S. 655-660 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Solarium tuberosum ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; Protoplast fusion ; Pomato ; Topato ; Alkaloids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Analyses of leaves and ‘tubers’ from somatic hybrids of potato and tomato (‘pomato’ with plastids of potato, ‘topato’ with plastids of tomato) produced by fusion of protoplasts from liquid cultures of dihaploid potato and mesophyll of tomato revealed the presence of the two major potato glycoalkaloids (α-solanine and α-chaconine) as well as the tomato glycoalkaloid (αtomatine). The total alkaloid content of leaves was greater than that of ‘tubers’ and similar to levels in the foliage of parent plants. However, glycoalkaloids were more abundant in hybrid ‘tubers’ than in normal potato tubers by a factor of 5–15. In hybrid foliage, approximately 98% of the alkaloid present was of potato origin whereas in ‘tubers’ the reverse was the case, with tomatine comprising 60–70% of the total alkaloid. The similarities in alkaloid content and ratios between the pomato and the topato lines indicate that plastomes do not influence the biosynthesis and distribution of these alkaloids. The results indicate that major secondary metabolites may prove useful for assessing the hybrid nature of such plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Phenolic bases ; Alkaloids ; Condensation ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Provided they contain quaternary nitrogen, simple phenolic bases can undergo oxidative condensation under conditions similar to those of biogenesis to form alkaloids of the isoquinoline series with good yields. By means of such oxidative condensations, more than sixty alkaloids of various structural types have become more easily obtainable. Of the numerous possible condensations of the intermediate mesomeric radicals only those which lead to naturally occurring alkaloids give good yields and few by-products. The results suggest that oxidative condensations of quaternary bases are also involved in the biosynthesis of alkaloids in the plant cell.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 243-247 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Ergot alkaloids ; Alkaloids ; Biosynthesis ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this article the biogenesis of the ergoline ring in lysergic acid derivatives and the clavines is discussed. T·yptophan and mevalonic acid are the precursors. The N-methyl group is supplied by formate or methionine. Concepts and results dealing with the manner in which the compounds are formed are discussed. Finally, the known biogenetic relationships among the ergot alkaloids are discussed in connection with their biogenesis.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 441-458 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Biosynthesis ; Alkaloids ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 2 (1963), S. 341-357 
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Biosynthesis ; Alkaloids ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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