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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 659-669 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Magnetohydrodynamics ; Homotopy ; Quasi-Newton ; Rotating disk ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper studies the effects of a circular magnetic field on the flow of a conducting fluid about a porous rotating disk. Using modern quasi-Newton and globally convergent homotopy methods, numerical solutions are obtained for a wide range of magnetic field strengths, suction and injection velocities and Alfven and disk speeds. Results are presented graphically in terms of three non-dimensional parameters. There is excellent agreement with previous work and asymptotic formulae.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 671-686 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Multigrid ; Pressure correction ; Navier-Stokes ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The behaviour of the pressure correction method is studied for the solution of the incompressible steady-state Navier-Stokes and continuity equations in a rotating cylindrical-polar co-ordinate system, the specific problem being that of laminar source-sink flow between two corotating discs. Modifications to improve the linearization and the handling of the rotation terms are introduced, and we compare three extended pressure correction schemes and also the use of a multigrid algorithm in part of the calculation procedure as a linear solver.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 965-975 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite element method ; Turbulent flow ; Method of characteristics ; Penalty function approach ; Galerkin method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A finite element technique is presented and applied to some one- and two-dimensional turbulent flow problems. The basic equations are the Reynolds averaged momentum equations in conjunction with a two-equation (k, ∊) turbulence model. The equations are written in time-dependent form and stationary problems are solved by a time iteration procedure. The advection parts of the equations are treated by the use of a method of characteristics, while the continuity requirement is satisfied by a penalty function approach. The general numerical formulation is based on Galerkin's method. Computational results are presented for one-dimensional steady-state and oscillatory channel flow problems and for steady-state flow over a two-dimensional backward-facing step.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 989-990 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 991-994 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1029-1036 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Incompressible Flow ; Pressure Poisson Equation ; Inviscid Flow ; Boundary Conditions ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In a recent paper Gresho and Sani showed that Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions for the pressure Poisson equation give the same solution. The purpose of this paper is to confirm this (for one case at least) by numerically solving the pressure equation with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions for the inviscid stagnation point flow problem. The Dirichlet boundary condition is obtained by integrating the tangential component of the momentum equation along the boundary. The Neumann boundary condition is obtained by applying the normal component of the momentum equation at the boundary. In this work solutions for the Neumann problem exist only if a compatibility condition is satisfied. A consistent finite difference procedure which satisfies this condition on non-staggered grids is used for the solution of the pressure equation with Neumann conditions. Two test cases are computed. In the first case the velocity field is given from the analytical solution and the pressure is recovered from the solution of the associated Poisson equation. The computed results are identical for both Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions. However, the Dirichlet problem converges faster than the Neumann case. In the second test case the velocity field is computed from the momentum equations, which are solved iteratively with the pressure Poisson equation. In this case the Neumann problem converges faster than the Dirichlet problem.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1117-1118 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1107-1116 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Numerical Stability ; Eddy Viscosity ; LES ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In a spectral LES code it is not possible to treat the actual eddy viscosity implicitly. We have therefore examined the effect on stability of adding a constant pseudo-viscosity to the implicit term and subtracting it from the explicit term: stability limits have been derived theoretically and verified computationally for two different treatments of the explicit term. We have also studied the effect of a stochastic temporal variation of the eddy viscosity.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1135-1149 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Three-dimensional unstructured grids ; Advancing-front technique ; Grid generation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The generation of three-dimensional unstructured grids using the advancing-front technique is described. This technique has been shown to be effective for the generation of unstructured grids in two dimensions.1,2 However, its extension to three-dimensional regions required algorithms to define the surface and suitable data structures that avoid excessive CPU-time overheads for the search operations involved. After obtaining an initial triangulation of the surfaces, tetrahedra are generated by successively deleting faces from the generation front. Details of the grid generation algorithm are given, together with examples and timings.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1183-1193 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The different stages of bursting and evolution of the fluctuation field in a turbulent boundary layer are governed by mechanisms that may be identified as either predominantly linear, i.e. governed by linear interaction with the mean shear flow, or non-linear, i.e. with interaction between the fluctuation components also being important. Wave number-frequency spectra reveal the presence of damped wave modes that may be modelled from the Orr-Sommerfeld equation. Conditional sampled experimental data for streamwise velocity fluctuations in the wall layer obtained using the variable interval time averaging (VITA) method scale with the threshold level in a manner consistent with linearity. High-amplitude wall pressure peaks show an approximately linear relationship with the associated vertical velocity fluctuations. Non-linearity acts primarily in the near-wall region where the fluctuation velocity is relatively the highest.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1367-1388 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Laminar boundary layer ; Splines Incompressible ; Inverse and direct methods ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A unified approach is presented for solving the two-dimensional incompressible boundary layer equations. Solutions are obtained for direct and inverse options using the same equation formulation by a simple interchange of boundary conditions. A modified form of the mechul function scheme obtains inverse solutions with specification of transformed wall shear, skin friction coefficient or displacement thickness distributions. Direct solutions may be obtained without altering the block tridiagonal structure of the system by simply requiring no corrections on the streamwise pressure gradient parameter. Fourth-order spline discretization approximates normal derivatives with two- and three-point backward differences approximating streamwise derivatives, yielding a fully implicit solution method. The resulting spline/finite difference equations are solved by Newton-Raphson iteration together with partial pivoting. The results of the study demonstrate the importance of proper linearization of all equations. The successful use of spline discretization is also tied to the use of strong two-point boundary conditions at the wall for cases involving reversed flow. Numerical solutions are presented for several non-similar flows and compared with published results.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1389-1401 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Non-Newtonian fluid interfaces ; Porous media ; Frontal advance theory ; Power law behaviour ; Oil displacement mechanisms ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper concerns the applications of frontal advance theory to the dynamics of a moving flat interface in a porous medium, when both displacing and displaced fluids are of power law behaviour. The rheological effects of non-Newtonian behaviour of these fluids on the interface position and its velocity are numerically illustrated and discussed with regard to the practical implications in oil displacement mechanisms. The results obtained should be useful in finding an optimal policy of injection in order to control the dynamics of the moving interface in field projects of enhanced oil recovery floods.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1465-1466 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1587-1588 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1563-1586 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite element ; Turbulence model ; Free shear flows ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper reviews past and current efforts in developing a simple but robust turbulence model for free shear flows. Much of this work has been published previously and this paper is a rearrangement aimed at the conference. The model is presented and is interfaced with FIDAP to solve three-dimensional flows and a pusher - prop configuration. The eight-node brick, the penalty formulation and the Broyden method are used to solve the Navier-Stokes equations. The propeller is modelled as an actuator disc and the direct simulation of a given propeller is considered in detail. Good results are obtained for the square jet. For propeller cases detailed comparison with wind tunnel measurements shows excellent prediction of the velocity and pressure for flows of this complexity.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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  • 18
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    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1523-1541 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Heat exchanger ; Three-dimensional flow ; Finite elements ; FIDAP ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The finite element code FIDAP was used to examine the fluid flow path within a flat plate tube/fin heat exchanger and the resulting heat transfer from the fins and tube walls. The mathematical formulation, mesh development and analysis procedure are presented, and the results obtained are compared with experimental observations of the fluid flow and measurements of the fluid heating. This problem illustrates the capabilities of finite element techniques for analysing complex three-dimensional convection-dominated heat transfer, and demonstrates the scope of problems which can be addressed on a Micro VAX II/GPX workstation.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1588-1588 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 22
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    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 247-281 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Natural convection ; Finite element method ; High Rayleigh number ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Finite element predictions of two-dimensional laminar natural convection in a partially divided rectangular cavity at high Rayleigh number are presented. The walls are differentially heated, the horizontal surfaces are insulated and the cavity contains a partial vertical divider which is centrally located and whose height is varied. Detailed results are presented for an aluminium half-divider in water for Rayleigh number up to 1011 and compared directly with recent experiments in a cavity of aspect ratio 1/2. The predicted flow and heat transfer are in good agreement with the measurements and confirm the existence of a high Rayleigh number regime with characteristic behaviour that differs significantly from that found at lower Rayleigh number. In addition, the effects of the divider height, the divider conductivity, the fluid Prandtl number and the cavity aspect ratio are studied. The results show that a direct simulation of the complex flow and heat transfer that occurs in partially divided cavities is possible for realistic physical conditions.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 475-489 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Adaptive grid computation ; High Reynolds number flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Recently the concept of adaptive grid computation has received much attention in the computational fluid dynamics research community. This paper continues the previous efforts of multiple one-dimensional procedures in developing and asessing the ideas of adaptive grid computation. The focus points here are the issue of numerical stability induced by the grid distribution and the accuracy comparison with previously reported work. Two two-dimensional problems with complicated characteristics - namely, flow in a channel with a sudden expansion and natural convection in an enclosed square cavity - are used to demonstrate some salient features of the adaptive grid method. For the channel flow, by appropriate distribution of the grid points the numerical algorithm can more effectively dampen out the instabilities, especially those related to artificial boundary treatments, and hence can converge to a steady-state solution more rapidly. For a more accurate finite difference operator, which contains less undesirable numerical diffusion, the present adaptive grid method can yield a steady-state and convergent solution, while uniform grids produce non-convergent and numerically oscillating solutions. Furthermore, the grid distribution resulting from the adaptive procedure is very responsive to the different characteristics of laminar and turbulent flows. For the problem of natural convection, a combination of a multiple one-dimensional adaptive procedure and a variational formulation is found very useful. Comparisons of the solutions on uniform and adaptive grids with the reported benchmark calculations demonstrate the important role that the adaptive grid computation can play in resolving complicated flow characteristics.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 24
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    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 615-616 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 617-641 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Higher order ; Boundedness ; Convective transport ; Curvature ; Finite difference ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The paper describes a new approach to approximating the convection term found in typical steady-state transport equations. A polynomial-based discretization scheme is constructed around a technique called ‘curvature compensation’; the resultant curvature-compensated convective transport approximation is essentially third-order accurate in regions of the solution domain where the concept of order is meaningful. In addition, in linear scalar transport problems it preserves the boundedness of solutions. Sharp changes in gradient in the dependent variable are handled particularly well. But above all, the scheme, when used in conjunction with an ADI pentadiagonal solver, is easy to implement with relatively low computational cost, representing an effective algorithm for the simulation of multi-dimensional fluid flows. Two linear test problems, for the case of transport by pure convection, are employed in order to assess the merit of the method.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 26
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    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 737-737 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 27
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    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 705-722 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: MHD flow ; Connected channels ; Ducts ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In Sezgin1,2 the problems considered are the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows in an electrodynamically conducting infinite channel and in a rectangular duct respectively, in the presence of an applied magnetic field. In the present paper we extend the solution procedure of these papers to two rectangular channels connected by a barrier which is partially conductor and partially insulator. The problem has been reduced to the solution of a pair of dual series equations and then to the solution of a Fredholm's integral equation of the second kind. The infinite series obtained were transformed to finite integrals containing Bessel Junctions of the second kind to avoid the computations of slowly converging infinite series and infinite integrals with oscillating integrands. The results obtained compared well with those of Butsenieks and Shcherbinin3 which were obtained for the perfectly conducting barrier separating the flows.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 29
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 741-742 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 30
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 743-758 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: MHD Flow ; Half-plane ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We investigate the magnetohydrodynamic flow (MHD) on the upper, half of a non-conducting plane for the case when the flow is driven by the current produced by an electrode placed in the middle of the plane. The applied magnetic field is perpendicular to the plane, the flow is laminar, uniform, steady and incompressible. An analytical solution has been developed for the velocity field and the induced magnetic field by reducing the problem to the solution of a Fredholm's integral equation of the second kind, which has been solved numerically. Infinite integrals occurring in the kernel of the integral equation and in the velocity and magnetic field were approximated for large Hartmann numbers by using Bessel functions. As the Hartmann number M increases, boundary layers are formed near the non-conducting boundaries and a parabolic boundary layer is developed in the interface region. Some graphs are given to show examples of this behaviour.
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  • 31
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 769-802 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Three-dimensional cavity flow ; Incompressible flow ; Taylor-Görtler vortices ; Secondary flows ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A role of numerical methods in engineering research is illustrated in the present work, namely the use of computer algorithms as experimental facilities. A complex recirculating flow in a three-dimensional cavity was simulated and an extensive data base was generated which complements data measured in concurrent physical experiments. The objective of this numerical investigation was to improve understanding of physical phenomena in recirculating flows. The dominant physical phenomena in this shear-driven flow simulation are Taylor-Görtler vortices. These structures are intimately coupled with the primary recirculating flow and the effects of end-wall viscous damping.
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  • 32
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 863-864 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 33
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1095-1105 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Euler Equations ; Riemann Solver ; Generalized Co-ordinates ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A finite difference scheme based on flux difference splitting is presented for the solution of the two-dimensional Euler equations of gas dynamics in a generalized co-ordinate system. The scheme is based on numerical characteristic decomposition and solves locally linearized Riemann problems using upwind differencing. The decomposition is for a generalized co-ordinate system and a convex equation of state. This ensures good shock-capturing properties when incorporated with operator splitting and the advantage of using body-fitted co-ordinates. The resulting scheme is applied to supersonic flow of real air' past a circular cylinder.
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  • 34
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    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 35
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1165-1181 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Grid ; Net ; Control points ; Curve ; Interpolation ; Tensor ; Transfinite ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Local control points are established within the context of algebraic grid generation. The method of generation is based upon a multidirectional assembly of multisurface transformations that incorporates the best features of tensor product and Boolean sum constructions. Upon assembly, the resultant capability is the capacity to conform precisely to prescribed boundaries while being able to manipulate the grid through a sparse net of control points.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 36
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 933-942 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Least squares ; Finite elements ; Non-linear ; Hyperbolic ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A class of stable least-square finite element methods for non-linear hyperbolic problems is developed and some exploratory studies made. The methods are based on modifying the L2-norm of the. residual and a related approximation to the H1-norm of the residual. The effect of the additional terms in these residual functionals is to introduce a dissipative effect proportional to the solution gradient. This acts to stabilize the solution for non-linear hyperbolic problems which generate shocks. Numerical results for a one-dimensional nozzle and shock tube problem demonstrate the accuracy and stability of the method. Results are for an implicit scheme and calculations for linear, quadratic and cubic elements are given.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 37
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1119-1120 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 38
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1121-1134 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Spectral multi-domain method ; Viscous compressible flow ; Shock waves ; Chemical kinetics ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The first application of a spectral multi-domain method for viscous compressible flow is presented. The method imposes a global flux balance condition at the interface so that high-order continuity of the solution is preserved. The global flux balance is imposed in terms of a spectral integral of the discrete equations across adjoining domains. Since the discretized equations interior to each domain are solved uncoupled from each other and since the interface relation has a block structure, the solution scheme can be adapted to the particular requirement in each subdomain. To illustrate these advantages a Mach 11 shock calculation is presented to study the chemical kinetics initiated as air passes through a fully resolved shock wave.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 39
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 995-996 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 40
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1037-1050 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Space Conservation ; Numerical Calculation ; Fluid Flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In the numerical solutions of fluid flow problems in moving co-ordinates, an additional conservation equation, namely the space conservation law, has to be solved simultaneously with the mass, momentum and energy conservation equations. In this paper a method of incorporating the space conservation law into a finite volume procedure is proposed and applied to a number of test cases. The results show that the method is efficient and produces accurate results for all grid velocities and time steps for which temporal accuracy suffices. It is also demonstrated, by analysis and test calculations, that not satisfying the space conservation law in a numerical solution procedure introduces errors in the form of artificial mass sources. These errors can be made negligible only by choosing a sufficiently small time step, which sometimes may be smaller than required by the temporal discretization accuracy.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 41
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1459-1463 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite differences ; Navier-Stokes equations ; Poisson equation ; Pressure equation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This work comments on a recent paper by J. C. Strikwerda in SIAM Journal on Scientific and Statistical Computing, in an attempt to clear up the evident confusion regarding the use of a Poisson equation for pressure in incompressible Navier-Stokes solutions.
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  • 42
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1513-1522 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Corrosion pits ; Fluid flow ; Finite element techniques ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Simulation of the dissolution of an active corrosion pit in the presence of fluid flow was carried out with the use of finite element techniques. The model included multiple species in solution, reaction equilibria and transport by diffusion, convection and migration. The mathematical model was used to examine the effect of fluid flow on the pitting of nickel in neutral chloride solution. The pit dissolution rate was found to decrease with increasing flow owing to potential field effects. The capabilities demonstrated in this paper represent a significant advancement in the modelling of pitting corrosion phenomena.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 43
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1491-1511 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Glass process engineering ; Melting ; 3D finite elements ; FIDAP ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Traditionally glass process problems have been studied using laboratory and two-dimensional computer simulation techniques to quantify the melting, cooling and distribution of the molten glass and its quality. Although these approaches are adequate for a large number of simple glass systems, there are processes with asymmetric geometries and operating conditions which cannot neglect the effect of the third dimension. During the past few years, with the advent of commercial parallel processors and corresponding software, extensive progress has been made with the implementation of full three-dimensional glass flow simulations. Several development applications using FIDAP will be illustrated for electric melters, circular refiners and contoured forehearths. The discussion will cover the problem set-ups, mesh generation, solution strategy, post-processing and results. The advantages and developmental needs of FIDAP will be highlighted from the point of view of applied glass process engineering.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 44
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1217-1227 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Multigrid ; 3D Navier-Stokes solver ; Flow in turbomachinery ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper describes the implementation of a 3D Navier-Stokes solver within the framework of a multigrid strategy. The ability of multigrid to improve and sustain code performance over a range of mesh sizes and a variety of difficult flow problems is investigated. The code is applied to the study of the shock-induced boundary layer separation on a channel hump, the flow in a 2D cascade of compressor blades, the secondary flow development in a linear cascade of gas turbine blades and the Eckardt backswept centrifugal impeller. In each case multigrid leads to significantly improved performance.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 45
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 55-64 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Boundary element method ; Chemical reaction ; Convective diffusion ; Numerical quadrature ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A boundary element method is presented for a steady state convective diffusion problem with a first-order chemical reaction. In the chemical reaction system the usual conservation law for calculation of the diagonal components of the matrix H cannot be satisfied. Thus in the boundary element formulation the emphasis is laid on how to compute these diagonal components. The main aim of this paper is to present the method of numerical quadrature to obtain the principal values, using the splitting technique to treat the singular integration.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 46
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 31-53 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Non-isentropic transonic flows ; Non-uniqueness ; Stream function solutions ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Different models for inviscid transonic flows are examined. The common assumptions that the flow is isentropic and irrotational are critically evaluated. Entropy and vorticity correction procedures for potential and stream function formulations are presented, together with the details of the treatment of shocks and wakes, and drag and lift calculations. The non-uniqueness problem of the potential formulation is studied using different artificial viscosity forms. Numerical results are compared with Euler solutions.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 47
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 65-79 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Boundary-type finite element method ; Mild-slope equation ; Wave diffraction-refraction ; Harbour oscillation ; Co non-conforming element ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A new combinative method of boundary-type finite elements and boundary solutions is presented to study wave diffraction-refraction and harbour oscillation problems. The numerical model is based on the mild-slope equation. The key feature of this method is that the discretized matrix equation can be formulated only by the calculation of a line integral, since the interpolation equation which satisfies the governing equation in each element is used. The numerical solutions are compared with existing analytical, experimental, observed and other numerical results. The present method is shown to be an effective and accurate method for water surface wave problems.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 48
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 81-90 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Hydrodynamic stability ; Acoustic waves ; Cryogenic oscillations ; Taconis vibration ; Sondhauss tube ; Continuation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A numerical method to obtain the neutral curve for the onset of acoustic oscillations in a helium-filled tube is described. Such oscillations can cause a serious heat loss in the plumbing associated with liquid helium dewars. The problem is modelled by a second-order, ordinary differential eigenvalue problem for the pressure perturbation. The numerical method to find the eigenvalues and track the resulting points along the neutral curve is tailored to this problem. The results show that a tube with a uniform temperature gradient along it is much more stable than one where the temperature suddenly jumps from the cold to the hot value in the middle of the tube.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 49
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 121-122 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 50
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 91-96 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Boundary elements ; Free surface ; Riabouchinsky cavity flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper describes a method for the numerical solution of a Riabouchinsky cavity flow. Application of a boundary element method leads to a system of non-linear equations. The mild singularity appearing at the separation point is treated with the introduction of a curved boundary element, which satisfies the exact behaviour of the free boundary in that neighbourhood.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 51
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 52
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 243-244 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 53
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 305-315 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Turbulent flow ; Non-circular passage ; Finite volume ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A numerical finite volume prediction method for arbitrary-shaped passages has been applied to the case of fully developed axial turbulent flow past a rod eccentrically placed in a circular tube. The numerical method was based on an orthogonal curvilinear mesh and employed an algebraic stress transport model to calculate the full three-dimensional velocity field directly from the governing partial differential equations. This study is one of a series of applications of this prediction method to a range of different non-circular passages that have been made in order to establish the capabilities and usefulness of this type of procedure. The present eccentric rod case was the subject of a comprehensive experimental investigation by Kacker1 which has enabled a detailed comparison to be made between the present predictions and the measurements. This comparison included local distributions of axial velocity, wall shear stress and secondary velocities; and although found to be satisfactory overall, some differences in detail revealed possible shortcomings in the measurement of secondary flow. This, together with other previously reported cases, indicates, that, although the present method cannot be expected to replace experiment in providing turbulent passage flow data, it has an important role to play in interpreting and supplementing experiments.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 54
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 327-338 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Boundary element method ; Stokes flow ; Re-entrant boundaries ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Numerical solutions are presented for two-dimensional low Reynolds number flow in a rotating tank with stationary barriers. The boundary element method is employed, assuming straight panels and quadratic source distribution. The feasibility of repositioning the nodes as a way to minimize the error is explored. A stretching parameter places smaller elements near the re-entrant regions. Elementary error analysis shows uniform improvement in the solution with stretching. The changing eddy pattern for different numbers and sizes of the barriers is compared with experimental results.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 55
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 339-349 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Computational methods ; Pipelines ; Pressure transients ; Two-dimensional model ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The paper presents a two-dimensional model for the investigation of pressure transients in pipelines. The governing equations have been established and a method of solving the equations using the centre implicit method is presented. The theoretically predicted values are compared with the experimentally determined pressure transients for horizontal pipelines with a valve at the end. The two-dimensional model gives results which are accurate than those of the one-dimensional model and are in good agreement with the experimental results.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 56
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 365-366 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 57
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 367-368 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 58
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 59
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 405-416 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Navier-Stokes equations ; Vorticity-velocity ; Finite difference ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A numerical method for computing high-Re laminar steady flows is presented. The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are expressed in terms of vorticity-velocity variables, discretized in space by finite differences on a staggered grid and advanced in time by a scalar alternating direction implicit (ADI) procedure, which allows a fully vectorized computer code. The accuracy and efficiency of the present formulation are discussed in comparison with the standard ω-ψ and u, v, P forms. Numerical results are presented for two test cases: the driven cavity at Re up to 5000 and the backward-facing step at Re up to 800.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 60
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 369-385 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: 3D flow ; Vector potential vorticity vector ; Finite difference method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A numerical method for the solution of the vector potential/vorticity vector formulation of the transient, fully three-dimensional Navier-Stokes energy and continuity equations has been applied to simulate the development of natural convective flow within a ‘box’ after a sudden temperature change on a vertical portion of the wall. Only one cavity size has been considered, this having a vertical height of three times its width and a horizontal length of six times its width. A single heated rectangular hot spot or ‘element’ on an otherwise adiabatic wall is centred between the vertical end walls. The opposite vertical wall is held at the intial fluid temperature, and all other walls are assumed to be adiabatic. Fluid properties have been assumed constant except for the density change with temperature that gives rise to the buoyancy force. The numerical method is an underrelaxation Gauss-Seidel method using finite differencing at each time step. Solutions have been obtained for a Prandtl number of 0.71, for Rayleigh numbers, based on the width, of between 0 and 100000 and for a number of heated element locations and sizes.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 61
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 417-440 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Multigrid method ; Pressure correction ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The use of multigrid methods in complex fluid flow problems is recent and still under development. In this paper we present a multigrid method for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The distinctive features of the method are the use of a pressure-correction method as a smoother and a novel continuity-preserving manner of grid coarsening. The shear-driven cavity problem is used as a test case to demonstrate the efficiency of the method.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 62
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 387-404 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Boundary-fitted co-ordinates ; SIMPLE algorithm ; Non-staggered grid ; Cascade flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The incompressible flow through a two-dimensional cascade is computed using the SIMPLE algorithm in a boundary-fitted co-ordinate system. With the standard staggered grid arrangement the numerical solution was found to allow localized pressure oscillations to persist adjacent to the periodic boundaries. These oscillations were found to be a consequence of the extended momentum control volumes which are required in this region of the cascade. Such control volumes may be removed by the use of appropriately non-staggered velocity storage locations, which are also desirable in the boundary-fitted system since the Cartesian velocity components are no longer related to the grid line orientations. However, this storage permits the propagation of global pressure oscillations, which were previously suppressed by the staggered grid arrangement. This paper attempts to define a solution procedure which uses non-staggered velocity locations and is able to eliminate the consequent global pressure oscillations. To achieve this aim, two forms of pressure correction scheme were considered. The first implemented the scheme proposed by Vanka et al. but was found to be inadequate in the open part of the cascade, whereas the second employed a modification of the scheme proposed by Rhie and Chow and was found to be successful in all regions of the flow. The results computed using this scheme were compared with the available experiment results.
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  • 63
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 441-461 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Multigrid ; Local mode analysis ; Pressure correction ; Ellipticity ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A local mode Fourier analysis is used to assess the suitability of the SIMPLE pressure-correction algorithm to act as a smoother in a multigrid method. The necessary ellipticity of the Navier-Stokes equations and their discrete representation are established. The theoretical analysis is compared with practical results.
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  • 64
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 491-492 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 65
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 463-474 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Viscous ; Turbulent ; Subsonic ; Duct ; Diffuser Navier-Stokes ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Three-dimensional, compressible, internal flow solutions obtained using a thin-layer Navier-Stokes code are presented. The code, formulated by P.D. Thomas, is based on the Beam-Warming implicit factorization scheme; the boundary conditions also are formulated implicitly. Turbulent flow is treated through the use of the Baldwin-Lomax two-layer, algebraic eddy viscosity model. Steady-state solutions are obtained by solving numerically the time-dependent equations from given initial conditions until the time-dependent terms become negligible. The configuration considered is a rectangular cross-section, S-shaped centreline diffuser duct with an exit/inlet area ratio of 2.25. The Mach number at the duct entrance is 0.9, with a Reynolds number of 5.82 × 105. Convergence to the final results required about 2700 time steps or 11 hours of CPU time on our CRAY-1M computer. The averaged residuals were reduced by about two orders of magnitude during the computations. Several regions of separated flow exist within the diffuser. The separated flow region on the upper wall, downstream of the second bend, is by far the largest and extends to the exit plane.
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  • 66
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 599-612 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Navier-Stokes ; Boussinesq ; Bernoulli ; Vorticity ; Potentials ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A formulation based on three scalar functions or potentials is applied to analyse the Navier-Stokes and Boussinesq equations in three dimensions. In this formulation an explicit expression for the pressure exists, the so-called generalized Bernoulli equation. Therefore the scalar functions formulation may be considered as a generalization of the well-known potential flow and Bernoulli theory for irrotational fluid motion. The many advantages of this formulation applied to three-dimensional Navier-Stokes and Boussinesq flow will be discussed, and a numerical example is given as an illustration.
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  • 67
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 845-861 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Non-Newtonian flow ; FEM vs FDM ; Duct flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Two numerical methods, the Galerkin finite element method (FEM) and the boundary-fitted co-ordinate transformation method (BFCTM), have been applied to solve inelastic non-Newtonian fluid flow in ducts of irregular cross-section. Three representative fluid models, namely the power-law, the Ellis and the Bingham models, have been analysed. The application of the FEM is straightforward, while for the BFCTM the accurate estimation of viscosity on the duct boundary and the proper mesh adjustment appear to be critical for generating convergent solutions. A detailed comparison of the two numerical methods in terms of volumetric flow rate, axial velocity, shear rate, viscosity and CPU time is given. Both methods can generate accurate solutions of velocity over a wide range of variables, but the FEM requires much less computing time to reach the same level of accuracy. Only the BFCTM can be used to approximate shear rate and viscosity with reasonable accuracy.
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  • 68
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 869-895 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: 3D Stokes problem ; Mixed finite element methods ; Primitive variables ; Gradient methods ; Convergence analysis ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper is devoted to a comparison of various iterative solvers for the Stokes problem, based on the preconditioned Uzawa approach. In the first section the basic equations and general results of gradient-like methods are recalled. Then a new class of preconditioners, whose optimality will be shown, is introduced. In the last section numerical experiments and comparisons with multigrid methods prove the quality of these schemes, whose discretization is detailed.
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  • 69
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 897-912 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Free surface ; Iterative ; Algorithm ; Numerical ; Transient ; Fluid flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A simple, but powerful iterative technique is presented for the numerical solution of the time-dependent flow of an incompressible viscous fluid with or without a free surface. The usual numerical stability restrictions related to the viscous acceleration terms are avoided using standard implicit differencing techniques. The properties and accuracy of the method are illustrated by several calculational examples.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 70
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 913-931 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Unsteady aerodynamics ; Aeroelasticity ; Flutter ; Propulsion ; Flow-induced vibration ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A complete first-order model and locally analytic solution method are developed to analyse the effects of mean flow incidence and aerofoil camber and thickness on the incompressible aerodynamics of an oscillating aerofoil. This method incorporates analytic solutions, with the discrete algebraic equations which represent the differential flow field equations obtained from analytic solutions in individual grid elements. The velocity potential is separated into steady and unsteady harmonic parts, with the unsteady potential further decomposed into circulatory and non-circulatory components. These velocity potentials are individually described by Laplace equations. The steady velocity potential is independent of the unsteady flow field. However, the unsteady flow is coupled to the steady flow field through the boundary conditions on the oscillating aerofoil. A body-fitted computational grid is then utilized. Solutions for both the steady and the coupled unsteady flow fields are obtained by a locally analytic numerical method in which locally analytic solutions in individual grid elements are determined. The complete flow field solution is obtained by assembling these locally analytic solutions. This model and solution method are shown to accurately predict the Theodorsen oscillating flat plate classical solution. Locally analytic solutions for a series of Joukowski aerofoils demonstrate the strong coupling between the aerofoil unsteady and steady flow fields, i.e. the strong dependence of the oscillating aerofoil aerodynamics on the steady flow effects of mean flow incidence angle and aerofoil camber and thickness.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 71
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 72
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 957-964 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Conservation equation ; Hyperbolic equation ; Least squares ; Finite elements ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The numerical solution of a single first-order conservation equation by a least-squares finite element method is considered. Isoparametric bilinear quadrilateral elements are used. The accuracy is studied numerically and it is shown that the discrete equations associated with nodal points on the boundaries should be modified in order to obtain an accurate numerical solution.
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  • 73
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988) 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 74
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 977-987 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Euler equations ; Least squares ; Finite elements ; Embedding methods ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The standard least-squares finite element method for the linearized Euler equations turns out to be inaccurate. This method is studied in detail for a system of composite type, obtained by transformation of the linearized Euler equations. The shortcomings of the method are clarified and an embedding method is constructed. It is shown numerically that this new method is O(h2)-accurate.
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  • 75
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 997-1010 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: k-∊ Turbulence model ; Galerkin Finite Element Method ; Penalty Function Approach ; Wall Law ; Backward-Facing Step ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper is devoted to the computation of turbulent flows by a Galerkin finite element method. Effects of turbulence on the mean field are taken into account by means of a k-∊ turbulence model. The wall region is treated through wall laws and, more specifically, Reichardt's law. An inlet profile for ∊ is proposed as a numerical treatment for physically meaningless values of k and ∊. Results obtained for a recirculating flow in a two-dimensional channel with a sudden expansion in width are presented and compared with experimental values.
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  • 76
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1011-1027 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Free Surface ; Finite Element Method ; Surface Tension ; Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper the position of the free surface of a swirling fluid held in by surface tension is calculated by the finite element method. A new locally mass-conserving quadratic velocity, linear pressure triangular element is used to overcome non-physical solutions produced by the well known Taylor-Hood element.
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  • 77
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1071-1093 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite Element ; Deforming Element ; Moving Boundary ; Shallow Water ; Hydrodynamics ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The shallow water wave equation is derived in a general deforming co-ordinate system. A weak form is developed which displays the natural boundary condition prominently and which may be implemented on C0 elements. A time-stepping algorithm is implemented with clastic mapping of interior node motion. Lossless test cases show agreement with analytic solutions. A simple hypothetical test case shows intuitively good behaviour at length scales approaching those required of estuarine simulations.
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  • 78
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1051-1070 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Simulation ; Non-linear Free Surface ; Open Boundary Condition ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The focus of this paper is the analysis of spatially two-dimensional non-linear free surface problems. The critical aspects of the problem concern the treatment of the non-linear free surface, the body boundary condition for large motions and the imposition of suitable radiation conditions. To address such complexities, time domain simulation was chosen as the method of analysis. With the use of a finite domain for simulation, a major concern is with the radiation condition to be applied at the open or truncation boundary. For the two-dimensional problem at hand, no theoretical radiation conditions are known to exist. An extension of the Orlanski open boundary condition, based on phase velocity determination at the free surface, is proposed. Three categories of problems were analysed using numerical simulation-namely, freely moving steep waves, waves over a submerged body and forced body motion. Simulation results have been compared with linear theory and experiments.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
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  • 79
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 943-955 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Cavitation flow ; Cavitation number ; Singular integrals ; Boundary integral method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A method for computing the drag coefficient of a body in an axially symmetric, steady-state cavitation flow is presented. A ‘vortex ring’ distribution along the wetted body surface and along the cavity interface is assumed. Since the location of the cavitation interface is unknown a priori, an iterative procedure is used, where, for the first stage, an arbitrary cavitation interface is assumed. The flow field is then solved, and by an iterative process the location of the cavitation interface is corrected. Even though the flow field is governed by the linear Laplace equation, strong non-linearity resulting from the kinematic boundary conditions appears along the cavitation interface. An improved numerical scheme for solving the dual Fredholm integral equations is obtained by formulating high-order approximations to the singular integrals in order to reduce the matrix dimensions. Good agreement is found between the numerical results of the present work, experimental results and other solutions.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 80
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1151-1164 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Boundary-layer flow ; Stability ; Transition ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Laminar-turbulent transition in boundary layers involves a cascade of weak and strong instabilities. In the model considered here the first instability occurs with respect to two-dimensional TS waves and causes streamwise, nearly periodic concentrations of vorticity. Linear stability analysis of this periodic flow leads to Floquet systems of equations. These systems support different classes of three-dimensional disturbances which may initiate different routes to transition. Numerical solutions by use of accurate spectral methods reveal the spectrum of eigenmodes, growth rates and disturbance velocities. The characteristics of this secondary instability are in good agreement with results of experiments and computer simulations of transition. Non-linear self-interaction of the rapidly growing three-dimensional disturbances can sustain or enhance the vital periodic accumulations of spanwise vorticity once their amplitude exceeds some threshold. This feedback loop is considered to be the key to the transition process. Owing to the broad-band nature of secondary instability, however, the prediction of transition in practice requires additional insight into the ‘natural’ disturbance background. The sensitivity of the transition process to initial data in a broad band of frequencies and spanwise wave numbers poses new challenges for non-linear theories and numerical simulations.
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  • 81
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1203-1215 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Unsegregated ; Multigrid ; High-order ; Finite-difference ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The paper describes and compares two different approaches to solving the equations of motion for fluid flow in a three-dimensional lid-driven cavity, when a higher-order approximation to convective transport is employed. One is based on the traditional pressure correction approach in conjunction with a pentadiagonal ADI solver; the other follows a new unsegregated variable and FAS multigrid methodology. The results generated by both approaches, for laminar flow conditions, at Reynolds numbers of 100 and 1000 are compared with each other and with corresponding solutions obtained with a well known low-order approximation to convection. Cross-reference is also made to flow in a two-dimensional cavity at the same Reynolds numbers.
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  • 82
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1331-1347 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Euler equations ; Spatial marching ; Subsonic flow ; Blunt body problem ; Thin shock layer ; Pressure gradient splitting ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Two reduced forms of the Euler equations which allow spatial marching in subsonic flow regions are investigated for solving the inviscid blunt body problem. An analysis of the eignevalues to determine the properties of the steady and unsteady forms of the governing equations is performed. The steady forms of both the thin shock layer equations and the pressure gradient splitting method are appropriate for a marching solution technique. Numerical results from the thin layer equations are less accurate, and the suitability of this approach in a global iteration procedure is questioned as the analysis shows information is not transmitted upstream. The pressure gradient splitting method gives more accurate results with a single downstream march and appears better suited for use in a global iteration procedure to obtain the complete solution of the Euler equations. Further evaluation of the pressure gradient splitting method shows that it can be readily applied over a range of Mach numbers, and the accuracy of the results is only slightly dependent on the free-stream Mach number.
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  • 83
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1543-1561 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Developing flow ; CFD ; FIDAP ; Finite element method ; Electronic packaging ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The use of numerical techniques to augment experimentally collected temperature data of electrical components is illustrated. FIDAP, a finite element CFD code, is used to generate the numerical results. Comparisons of the numerical results with experimental data of HaCohen, experimentally derived correlations of Wirtz and Dykshoorn and numerical results of Heaton et al. are given. A discussion of modelling techniques, mesh refinement, numerical error and stability is presented with suggestions for improvement of flow models. The results generated by FIDAP, using 2D models, compare favourably (to within 10%) with the experimental data of HaCohen. The results indicate the possibility of augmenting experimental data collection with numerical results, at least in the regions of laminar and low turbulent flow.
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  • 84
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1269-1290 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Petrov-Galerkin ; Multiply connected domains ; Vorticity-stream function ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper we present streamline-upwind/Petrov-Galerkin finite element procedures for two-dimensional fluid dynamics computations based on the vorticity-stream function formulation of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. We address the difficulties associated with the convection term in the vorticity transport equation, lack of boundary condition for the vorticity at no-slip boundaries, and determination of the value of the stream function at the internal boundaries for multiply connected domains. The proposed techniques, implemented within the framework of block-iteration methods, have successfully been applied to various problems involving simply and multiply connected domains.
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  • 85
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1319-1329 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Numerical simulation ; Vortical flow ; Navier-Stokes and Euler equations ; Double-delta wing ; Vortex interaction ; Vortex breakdown ; Grid resolution ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Extensive study on the numerical simulation of the vortical flow over a double-delta wing is carried out using the ‘thin layer’ Navier-Stokes and Euler equations. Two important flow characteristics, vortex interaction and vortex breakdown, are successfully simulated. Grid resolution is one of the most important factors associated with the vortex problem. Computations were performed on a series of grids with various levels of refinement, coarse, medium and fine. Computations using either the coarse or medium grids fail to capture the proper physical phenomena. The computed result using a fine grid shows flow unsteadiness once the vortex breakdown takes place. The CL-α characteristics are well predicted up to the breakdown angle of attack for all the grid distributions. The Euler solutions show fairly good agreement with experiment on the CL-α characteristics. However, other aspects of the solution at each angle of attack, such as the locus of the leading-edge separation vortex, are not consistent with experiment. Even for the fine grid Navier-Stokes computations, further grid resolution is required to obtain good quantitative agreement with experiment.
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  • 86
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1361-1362 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 87
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1403-1437 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite difference ; Unsteady flow ; Spatially periodic flows ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A numerical study is made of the unsteady two-dimensional laminar flow of an incompressible fluid over a periodically grooved wall. Two independent finite difference techniques are employed. One is based on the vorticity-stream function and the other on the vorticity-velocity (i.e. induction law) formulation. The fluid motion is initiated impulsively from rest and is assumed to be spatially periodic in the streamwise direction. The numerical formulations are derived in detail. The generation of vorticity at the solid surface is modelled differently in the two approaches, and this is found to play an important role in determining the surface pressure distribution and the drag coefficient. The flow field is examined during the early transient phase of development, during which the greatest changes occur. Results are presented for a moderate Reynolds number (based on groove depth) equal to 100. It is found that the vorticity-stream function approach does not produce a spatially periodic wall pressure distribution, and therefore global conservation of total vorticity is not achieved. This results in substantial errors in the predictions for the drag coefficient. These deficiencies are not found in the results obtained by the vorticity-velocity formulation.
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  • 88
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1467-1468 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 89
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 1469-1490 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite element method ; Incompressible fluids ; Laminar and turbulent flows ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Numerical solutions of the Fluid Dynamics Analysis Package (FIDAP) for some laminar and turbulent flow problems, namely (1) two-dimensional laminar flow inside a wall-driven cavity, (2) two-dimensional laminar flow over a backward-facing step and (3) two-dimensional turbulent flow over a backward-facing step, are presented. The consistent integration penalty finite element method is used with Q2/P1 (nine-node biquadratic velocity with linear discontinuous pressure) finite elements. Results of FIDAP on the above problems are compared with other numerical solutions and experimental data to evaluate its numerical accuracy. The influence of streamline upwinding is also investigated for all the test cases.
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  • 90
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 97-119 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Approximate Riemann solver ; Euler equations ; Duct flows ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: An approximate (linearized) Riemann solver is presented for the solution of the Euler equations of gas dynamics in one spatial co-ordinate. This includes cylindrically and spherically symmetric geometries and also applies to narrow ducts with area variation. The method is Roe's flux difference splitting with a technique for dealing with source terms. The results of two problems, a spherically divergent infinite shock and a converging cylindrical shock, are presented. The numerical results compare favourably with those of Noh's recent survey and also with those of Ben-Artzi and Falcovitz using a more complicated Riemann solver.
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  • 91
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 123-138 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite elements ; Shear-thinning flow ; Convergence study ; Newton-Raphson ; Picard Dominant eigenvalue ; Broyden ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The solution of the non-linear set of equations arising from the application of the finite element method to non-Newtonian fluid flow problems often requires large amounts of computer time. Four iteration schemes (Picard, Newton-Raphson, Broyden and Dominant Eigenvalue method) are compared in three different flow geometries using a shear-thinning fluid model. Points of comparison involve the computer time necessary to converge the equations, ease of implementation, radius of convergence and rate of convergence.
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  • 92
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 139-149 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Integral equations ; Boundary elements ; Natural convection ; Penalty function ; Navier-Stokes equations ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper presents a boundary element formulation employing a penalty function technique for two-dimensional steady thermal convection problems. By regarding the convective and buoyancy force terms in Navier-Stokes equations as body forces, the standard elastostatics analysis can be extended to solve the Navier-Stokes equations. In a similar manner, the standard potential analysis is extended to solve the energy transport equation. Finally, some numerical results are included, for typical natural convection problems, in order to demonstrate the efficiency of the present method.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 93
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    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 151-164 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Non-Darcian flow ; Inverse problem ; Finite differences ; Finite elements ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Non-Darcy groundwater flow parameters are identified for three different flow systems. In the first system, which is essentially one-dimensional, the parameters are determined by means of an integral method. A rectangular parametric grid is used for the identification of the non-Darcy friction coefficients in the second system, which is two-dimensional. The parameters in the third system, which involves a hybrid simulation of three-dimensional flow, are optimized by adopting a constrained non-linear programming technique. This technique combines Cauchy's steepest-descent method together with the modeller's subjective judgement of the results at the end of each iterative step. The paper is concluded with a brief description of the additional research which is thought to be necessary before the difficulties of optimizing the non-Darcy flow parameters can be overcome.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 94
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    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 181-197 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Grid generation ; Triangles ; Unstructured ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A method for generating irregular triangular computational grids in two-dimensional multiply connected domains is described. A set of points around each body is defined using a simple grid generation technique appropriate to the geometry of each body. The Voronoi regions associated with the resulting global point distribution are constructed from which the Delaunay triangulation of the set of points is thus obtained. The definition of Voronoi regions ensures that the triangulation produces triangles of reasonable aspect ratios given a grid point distribution. The approach readily accommodates local clustering of grid points to facilitate variable resolution of the domain. The technique is generally applicable and has been used with success in computing triangular grids in multiply connected planar domains. The suitability of such grids for flow calculations is demonstrated using a finite element method for solution of the inviscid transonic flow over two- dimensional high-lift aerofoil configurations.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 95
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    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 165-179 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Unsteady laminar boundary layer ; Buoyancy effect ; Non-iterative finite difference method ; Boundary layer singularity ; Separated flow region ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A numerical method is developed to solve the coupled unsteady laminar momentum and thermal boundary layers over a circular cylinder impulsively started from rest. The present non-iterative finite difference method, which requires relatively fewer grid points in the reversed flow region than any other method, can easily handle the separating boundary layer flows. The results indicate that the present method has accuracy comparable with the earlier methods, while consuming computer time approximately one order of magnitude less.The present numerical method allowed investigation of the effect of buoyancy parameter on the starting boundary layer. The time-dependent behaviour of the boundary layer is studied in terms of the appearance of the singularity, the distribution of skin friction and wall heat flux, and the wall position of the inflection point of the velocity profile. The transient as well as buoyancy-dependent patterns of the streamlines and isotherms are also studied.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 96
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    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 199-225 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Strip Theory ; Boundary Elements ; Fluid-structure Interactions ; Radiation ; Diffraction ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In strip theory analysis the vessel is represented by a series of 2D transverse sections. For 2D arbitrary-shaped sections either floating in the free surface or totally submerged, a higher-order boundary element analysis has been developed to permit determination of the associated radiation and diffraction velocity potentials.In this paper the formulation of the cited interaction problems is reworked to reflect the new capability of permitting curved boundary elements to represent the geometry and a higher-order functional behaviour of the unknown velocity potentials over that geometry. This is in direct contrast to the usual technique of using straight-line geometric panels and invariant behaviour of the required potentials over these simple panels.Applications to representative sections of floating ships and the fully submerged pontoon section of a semi-submersible are presented. Within these applications the results of the standard Frank close-fit technique, of linear panels and constant behaviour, are compared with different combinations of higher-order representations of the geometry and the determined velocity potentials.Conclusions regarding the advantages and limitations of the procedures developed are discussed.
    Additional Material: 35 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 97
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    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 227-242 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Wave-source distribution ; Green's function ; discretization ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The boundary integral equation method constitutes the basis of a number of computer programs used for the solution of wave-obstacle interaction problems. For the case of obstacles in a constant depth fluid, the method assumes that the velocity potential at any point in the fluid may be represented by a distribution of Green's function sources over the immersed surface of the obstacle. Application of the obstacle kinematic boundary condition gives rise to an integral equation which may be solved, using numerical discretization, for the unknown source strength distribution function. Subsequent evaluation of the discretized velocity potential permits evaluation of the hydrodynamic interaction parameters.A series of numerical solutions have been carried out for a range of substantially rectangular obstacles, in a two-dimensional domain, using varying levels of immersed profile discretization. The results, presented in the form of fixed and floating mode wave reflection and transmission, together with the motion response of the floating obstacle, demonstrate the significant sensitivity of the evaluated parameters to variations in the level of discretization.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 98
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    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 351-363 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Navier-Stokes equations ; Finite element method ; Viscous flow ; Free boundary flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper a total linearization method is derived for solving steady viscous free boundary flow problems (including capillary effects) by the finite element method. It is shown that the influence of the geometrical unknown in the totally linearized weak formulation can be expressed in terms of boundary integrals. This means that the implementation of the method is simple. Numerical experiments show that the iterative method gives accurate results and converges very fast.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 537-557 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Spectral methods ; Stokes problem ; Collocation ; Staggered grids ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper is devoted to the description and the detailed numerical analysis of a new spectral collocation method for the Stokes problem in a square, involving three staggered grids.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 100
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    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 8 (1988), S. 559-578 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Boundary-type finite element method ; Helmholz equation ; Mild-slope equation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The boundary-type finite element method has been investigated and applied to the Helmholz and mild-slope equations. Four types of interpolation function are examined based on trigonometric function series. Three-node triangular, four-node quadrilateral, six-node triangular and eight-node quadrilateral elements are tested; these are all non-conforming elements. Three types of numerical example show that the three-node triangular and four-node quadrilateral elements are useful for practical analysis.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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