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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (1,378)
  • 1980-1984  (1,378)
  • Engineering General  (1,377)
  • Nuclear reactions
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (1,378)
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Years
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 1-12 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Review ; Finite Elements ; Meteorology ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The application of the finite-element method to the simulation of meterological fluid flow problems is reviewed. Early studies were aimed primarily at demonstrating the viability of the method for one- and two-dimensional flows, whereas more recent studies have been aimed at demonstrating the efficiency and viability of the method for more complex three-dimensional simulations. There has also been a shift towards exploiting such models to better understand and predict the underlying meteorological phenomena, rather than restricting attention to the development of the algorithms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 105-105 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 147-158 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite Element ; Incompressible Flow ; Pressure-specification-point ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The discontinuity of a finite-element pressure field that is sometimes present in the neighbourhood of the pressure-specification-point is shown to arise either from round-off, or from mistakes in modelling. The implications of this are considered. In particular it restricts grid refinement near the pressure-specification-point. The analysis can be extended to finite-difference calculations, and to other fields governed by equations similar to Poisson's equation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 109-125 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite elements ; Navier-Stokes ; Vorticity-stream function ; Time-dependent ; flows ; Boundary conditions ; Incompressible viscous flows ; Two-dimensional flows ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A new finite element method for solving the time-dependent incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with general boundary conditions is presented. The two second-order partial differential equations for the vorticity and the stream function are factorized, apart from the non-linear advection term, by eliminating the coupling due to the double specification on the stream function at (a part of) the boundary. This is achieved by reducing the no-slip boundary conditions to projection integral conditions for the vorticity field and by evaluating the relevant quantities involved according to an extension of the method of Glowinski and Pironneau for the biharmonic problem. Time integration schemes and iterative algorithms are introduced which require the solution only of banded linear systems of symmetric type. The proposed finite element formulation is compared with its finite difference equivalent by means of a few numerical examples. The results obtained using 4-noded bilinear elements provide an illustration of the superiority of the finite element based spatial discretization.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Polymer Flows ; Non-Newtonian ; Moving Boundary ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Recent progress in the simulation of polymeric flows of two key problems in the injection moulding process, carried out by a team at Cornell University, is briefly described. For the filling of cooled thin cavities, the fluid is characterized by a power-law viscosity with exponential temperature dependence, and interaction between the transient thermal boundary-layer and the core flow in a domain with moving boundary is essential. The earlier procedure of Hieber and Shen is modified in two aspects: a boundary-integral formulation replaces the finite-element treatment of the pressure, and an ‘energy integral’ approach is used for the transient temperature. The second problem is the steady visco-elastic flow in the juncture region where sudden changes of the geometry and large strain rates occur. The constitutive equation is postulated according to the Leonov model. The main features in the numerical implementation are: integration along a streamline to determine the elastic deformation tensors for a given velocity field, and finite-element treatment (in time-dependent form) of the pressure and fields for given stresses. In an example where the contraction ratio is 7:1, results for nominal Deborah number exceeding 100 show no numerical instability. (However, for this problem, the true Weissenberg number, i.e. the ratio of local first-normal-stress difference to shear stress turns out to be generally O(10).) The predictions also correlate very well with experimental birefringence measurements.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 303-319 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite Element ; Turbulent Flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Although the finite-element (FE) method has been successful in analysing complex laminar flows, a number of difficulties can arise when two-equation turbulence models (e.g. the k-∊ model) are incorporated. This work describes a particular FE discretization of the k-∊ model and reports its performance in recirculating flow. Severe problems encountered in attempts to obtain convergence of the numerical scheme are isolated and analysed, and methods by which the problems can be overcome are suggested.Insight gained in this work has enabled a practical turbulent flow FE code to be constructed which is robust and efficient. This code is the subject of a further paper.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 321-336 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Incorporation of the k-∊ turbulence model into Galerkin finite-element fluid-flow codes (which, unlike upwind finite-difference codes, have no artificial damping) can lead to severe iterative convergence difficulties. This paper introduces an alternative turbulence model (the q-f model) and an associated finite-element discretization method which are designed to overcome these problems. The new model forms the basis of a finite-element fluid-flow code which is robust and efficient. Furthermore, it is demonstrated on a practical example that the code can give good agreement with experiment on fairly coarse meshes.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 399-419 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Laminar Boundary Layers ; Finite Element Method ; Finite Difference Method ; Spectral Method Convergence ; Computational Efficiency ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The Dorodnitsyn boundary later formulation is given a finite element interpretation and found to generate very accurate and economical solutions when combined with an implicit, non-iterative marching scheme in the downstream direction. The algorithm is of order (Δ2u, Δx) whether linear or quadratic elements are used across the boundary layer. Solutions are compared with a Dorodnitsyn spectral formulation and a conventional finite difference formulation for three Falkner-Skan pressure gradient cases and the flow over a circular cylinder. With quadratic elements the Dorodnitsyn finite element formulation is approximately five times more efficient than the conventional finite difference formulation.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 421-439 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Laminar Flow ; Turbulent Flow ; Compressible Flow ; Separation ; Time-split Method ; Finite Element Method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The time-split finite element method is extended to compute laminar and turbulent flows with and without separation. The examples considered are the flows past trailing edges of a flat plate and a backward-facing step. Eddy viscosity models are used to represent effects of turbulence. It is found that the time-split method produces results in agreement with previous experimental and computational results. The eddy viscosity models employed are found to give accurate predictions in all regions of flow except downstream of reattachment.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 441-457 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite Element Method ; Dip Coating ; Newtonian Fluid ; Free Surface ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A finite element simulation of the dip coating process based on a discretization of the continuum with discontinuous pressure elements is presented. The algorithm computes the flow field from natural boundary conditions while an extra condition provided by the existence of free surface is employed to displace the meniscus location towards the actual position. The process is iterative and uses a pseudo-time stepping technique coupled to a cubic spline fitting of the free surface. Numerical predictions exhibit good agreement with experimental data for Newtonian fluids in the case of flat plate dip coating as well as in the case of wire dip coating.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 459-475 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Augmented Lagrangian ; Finite Element Method ; Dip Coating ; Non-Newtonian Fluids ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We apply in this paper the augmented Lagrangian method to the study of various non-Newtonian fluid flow problems, and in particular the dip coating process. We only present in this second part the treatment specific to the non-linearities involved in the constitutive equations, the first part having largely been concerned with the general description of the approximation used.Two rheological models illustrating different rheological behaviours are used to simulate dip coating process: the Carreau-A model for shear-thinning properties of the viscosity and a truncated second-order model for a Newtonian behaviour in viscosity with elastic properties.Numerical predictions show a very good agreement with experimental data for the second-order model. The discrepancy observed in the other case can be explained qualitatively by the elastic properties exhibited by the shear-thinning fluids used: this elasticity is not taken into account in the Carreau-A model.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 667-683 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Rotating Flow ; Finite Differences ; Numerical Stability ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A computer program has been developed to predict laminar source-sink flow in a rotating cylindrical cavity. Although the program is based on a standard finite difference technique for recirculating flow, it incorporates two novel features. Step changes in grid size are employed to obtain sufficient resolution in the boundary layers and special treatment is given to the solution of the pressure correction equations, in the ‘SIMPLE’ algorithm, in order to improve the convergence properties of the method. Results are presented both for the flow in an infinite rotating cylindrical annulus and a finite rotating cylindrical cavity, with the inner cylindrical surface acting as a uniform source and the outer cylinder as a sink. These show good agreement with existing analytical solutions and illustrate some of the problems associated with the computation of rapidly rotating flows.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 685-699 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Stokes Flows ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A family of simple Stokes flows involving sliding surfaces adjacent to surfaces at rest is considered. Principally, two specific flow configurations are investigated: (i) that arising when parts of the boundary of an infinitely long circular cylinder are rotating about the axis while other parts of the boundary are at rest, and (ii) the flow produced when a cap of a sphere is held at rest while the remainder of the sphere rotates about the symmetry axis. In each case computer plots of streamlines or constant velocity lines are presented to give a general impression of the resulting flow pattern.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 708-708 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 709-709 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 765-780 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Diffraction ; Hydrodynamics ; Ocean Engineering ; Underwater Structures ; Wave Forces ; Offshore Structures ; Velocity Potential ; Boundary Elements ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The fluid forces resulting from wave interaction with large submerged structures may be calculated using numerical procedures based on the solution of the associated boundary-value problem. In this paper, the analysis of wave interaction with a fixed submerged object of arbitrary cross-section and infinite length using a two-dimensional boundary value formation based on linear diffraction theory is summarized. Subsequently, the application of the boundary element method to obtain a solution is presented. The numerical considerations are emphasized with particular reference to computational efficiency.Numerical results are presented in the form of dimensionless wave force plots for various structural shapes. In the case of a bottom-seated half cylinder, for which there exists a closed-form solution, comparisons are made between results generated using both boundary element and equivalent finite element approaches. In the case of a submerged cylinder, comparisons are made between boundary element derived values and experimental results. The boundary element results compare well with both the closed-form solution and the experimental values.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 931-947 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Two-layer Flow ; Two-step Scheme ; Selective Lumping Method ; Ishikari Bay ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A finite element method for the analysis of two-layer density flows is presented in this paper. The standard Galerkin method based on linear interpolation functions is used to yield discrete spatial variables. For numerical integration in time, an explicit two-step selective lumping method is used. Here it is applied to a flow analysis of Ishikari Bay, at the mouth of Ishikari River. This case demonstrates a procedure that yields a numerically stable solution.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 949-969 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Navier-Stokes ; Discrete Fourier Transform ; Finite Difference ; Short Convolutions ; No-slip Boundary Condition ; Far Field Condition ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A mixed discrete Fourier transform-Finite difference algorithm is developed and used for the calculation of rapidly changing viscous fluid flows past a circular cylinder. The numerical approach has been designed to overcome certain difficulties arising for high Reynolds number simulations. The foremost advantage of the technique lies in its fast calculations of the convolution sums portraying the convective terms of the governing equations. Third-order spatial discretizations and fourth-order time marching are implemented.New schemes are proposed for the boundary conditions at the solid wall and at large distances. The techniques are tested on a case study with other schemes (summarized by Roache1) in order to obtain an optimal choice. Definite indications on the stability and accuracy of boundary condition schemes are achieved. Support for the statement of dominant importance of boundary conditions is also given.A comparison of computational results with experimental data is presented for the case study of the flow past an impulsively started cylinder at Reynolds number 20.The time development of the symmetrical zone of recirculation, which is formed at an early stage of the flow, has been studied for 300 ≤ Re ≤ 9500 by means of the proposed algorithm. Computational results, comparisons with experimental data2 and discussion of upper limits of validity of the procedure will be presented in a companion paper.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 997-998 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 999-999 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 24
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 989-996 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Galerkin ; Spline ; Stability ; Disk ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The perturbation equations which characterize the stability of flow over a rotating infinite disk are derived via strict order of magnitude analysis. These equations contain viscous terms not considered by Stuart,1 curvature and Coriolis terms not considered by Brown,2 and axial velocity terms not considered by Kobayashi et al.3 The strategy for reducing the problem to an algebraic system is Galerkin's method with B-spline discretization. In comparison with the Poiseuille flow solutions of Orszag,4 the method is shown to perform well without placing undue demands on computing capability. Critical values of Reynolds number, wave length, vortex orientation and number of spiral vortices calculated by the present method compare favourably with experimental data of Kobayashi et al.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 25
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 1001-1012 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Compressible Fluid Flow ; Numerical Analysis ; Pressure Method ; von Kármán Vortex Street ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper the pressure method for incompressible fluid flow simulation is extended and applied to the numerical simulation of compressible fluid flow. The governing equations, obtained from the physical principles of conservation of momentum, mass and energy, are first studied from a characteristic point of view. Then they are discretized with a semi-implicit finite difference technique in such a fashion that stability is achieved independently of the speed of sound. The resulting algorithm is fast, accurate and particularly efficient in subsonic flow calculations. As an example, the computer simulation of the von Kármán vortex street is described and discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 26
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 13-24 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Gas Networks ; Computational Methods ; Simulation Optimization ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A technique is presented for calculating the transient flow in high pressure transportation systems where both simple systems (without compressors) and systems with compressors have been taken into consideration. A partial differential equation characterizing the dynamic gas flow through a pipeline and a numerical scheme for its solution are considered. A method of computing node pressures is also characterized.
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  • 27
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 106-108 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 28
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 29
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    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 127-145 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite Element ; Bénard Connection ; Bifurcation ; Continuation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The problem of fluid motion in a cavity with rigid sidewalls that is heated uniformly from below is studied by the finite-element method. The techniques of parameter-stepping and monitoring the determinant of the Jacobian matrix to find bifurcations are used. Results are presented for width-to-height ratios in the range 1 to 4, and for three different boundary conditions on the horizontal surfaces, namely both rigid, both free, and rigid bottom with free top. The non-linear branches above the critical Rayleigh number are examined. Extensions to non-Boussinesq flow are trivial.
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  • 30
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 203-205 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Incompressible Fluid Flows ; Cavity ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 31
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Potential Flows ; Navier-Stokes Problems ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: An approach for the numerical solution of flow problems based on the concept of fundamental solutions of differential equations is described. This approach uses the finite element methodology but does not rely on the concept of variational principle or that of residuals. The approach is shown to be well-suited for many types of flow problems. Various applications of this approach are discussed in this paper, with particular emphasis placed on the solution of potential flows and viscous flows containing appreciable regions of separation.
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  • 32
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 247-269 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite Elements ; Navier-Stokes ; Driven Cavity ; Flow Past a Cylinder ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We present a simple and efficient finite element method to solve the Navier-Stokes equations in primitive variables V, p. It uses (a) an explicit advection step, by upwind differencing. Improvement with regard to the classical upwind differencing scheme of the first order is realized by accurate calculation of the characteristic curve across several elements, and higher order interpolation; (b) an implicit diffusion step, avoiding any theoretical limitation on the time increment, and (c) determination of the pressure field by solving the Poisson equation. Two laminar flow calculations are presented and compared to available numerical and experimental results.
    Additional Material: 21 Ill.
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  • 33
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 271-281 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Collocation ; Moving Mesh ; Advection-Diffusion ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A collocation method based on multiple regions with moving boundaries placed in a flow field in which convection effects dominate, is proposed. By making the moving boundaries of the regions coincide with moving sharp fronts present in the solution of convection dominated problems, and thereby allowing higher concentration of meshes to be placed about the fronts, the proposed method is able to achieve very high accuracy. By having a moving mesh, the Peclet number characterizing the flow field depends upon velocity relative to a moving mesh in a region. Consequently by choosing proper velocities of the moving boundaries, the value of this Peclet number can be made as small as desired. The traditional collocation method based on centred discretization, when applied to each region in the field, produces oscillation free solutions even when the values of Peclet number based on absolute velocity are extremely large. In view of these characteristics the method appears to be an excellent candidate for the solution of any two-phase flow problem containing sharp fronts.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 34
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 35
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 283-290 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Prandtl's Equation ; Singular Integrodifferential Equations ; Quadrature Method ; Natural Interpolation Formula ; Principal Value Integrals ; Gauss- and Lobatto-Chebyshev Quadrature Rules ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Prandtl's singular integrodifferential equation and related equations appear in problems of aerofoil and propeller theory in fluid mechanics. Here a natural interpolation formula for the approximation to the unknwon function of Prandtl's equation when this is solved numerically by the direct quadrature method, based on the Gauss- and Lobatto-Chebyshev quadrature rules, is proposed. This interpolation formula is analogous to Nyström's natural interpolation formula for Fredholm integral equations of the second kind and the corresponding formula for singular integral equations. Numerical applications of the same formula are also made.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 36
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 291-302 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite Elements ; MHD Flows ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A finite element method is given to obtain the numerical solution of the coupled equations in velocity and magnetic field for unsteady MHD flow through a pipe having arbitrarily conducting walls. Pipes of rectangular, circular and triangular sections have been taken for illustration. Computations have been carried out for different Hartmann numbers and wall conductivity at various time levels. It is found that if the wall conductivity increases, the flux through a section decreases. The same is the effect of increasing the Hartmann number. It is also observed that the steady state is approached at a faster rate for larger Hartmann numbers or larger wall conductivity. Selected graphs are given showing the behaviour of velocity, induced magnetic field and flux across a section.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 37
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 497-497 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 38
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 39
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 477-496 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Gas Dynamics ; Finite Difference Schemes ; Shock Localization ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We consider a problem on shock wave localization in the numerical solution of one-dimensional unsteady problems of gas dynamics in Eulerian variables obtained on the basis of finite difference shock-capturing schemes. An optimization method for strong discontinuity localization proposed previously by Miranker and Pironneau is investigated by means of methods of classical variational calculus. This method may be difficult to implement when the entropy condition is included in the formulation of Miranker and Pironneau's optimization problem as an active constraint. In this connection we suggest an alternative optimization problem using artificial viscosity in the variational principle. It is shown theoretically that the application of such a variational principle yields a trajectory which coincides with the true discontinuity trajectory in the case of a shock wave moving at a constant speed. On the basis of this modification one more algorithm is proposed which reduces the shock localization problem to a problem of minimization of a univariate function. Numerical tests corroborate completely the theoretical conclusions. In particular, a higher shock localization accuracy is obtained on the basis of the proposed algorithms as compared to the original Miranker-Pironneau method.
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  • 40
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. i 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 41
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. i 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 42
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 499-509 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Critical Flow Rate ; Finite Elements ; Free Surface ; Weir ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Computing critical flows in hydraulics involves three problems in one: the internal flow problem, the location of the free surface and the determination of the critical flow rate. The subject can involve such difficulties as non-uniqueness, non-existence, ill-conditioning and catastrophes.This paper discusses the difficulties relating to computing critical flows over weirs. A new rapidly convergent method of determining the critical flow rate is presented and various results are shown using it with finite element discretization and with a new streamline shifting method. Numerical results are in good agreement with published data, both numerical and experimental.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 43
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 511-517 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Approximation ; Cubic Splines ; Orthogonal Collocation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A well-known Stokes problem is discussed by a cubic spline collocation method. Two consecutive cubic splines are obtained for the problem. The results by this method are compared with those of an orthogonal collocation method. The selection of the length of the subintervals of the range of the boundary value problem is also justified. The results obtained by these two methods are compared with the analytic solution. The methods involve simple algebra, and hence the calculations do not require the help of a computer. Necessary error analysis has been carried out.
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  • 44
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 519-537 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Boundary-Fitted Co-ordinates ; Incompressible Flow ; 2D and 3D ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: For three-dimensional fluid flows in complex geometries, it is convenient to make predictions using a non-orthogonal boundary-fitted mesh. The present paper describes an economical method of solving the equations of motion for two and three dimensional problems using such meshes. The locations on the mesh at which the depenent variables are calculated, and the methods used to solve the equations, are key issues in the development of a successful algorithm; these are discussed in the present paper. Results obtained when the proposed method is applied to several problems are also described. The method is intended for flows in which compressibility effects do not dominate.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 45
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 46
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 710-710 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 47
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 711-724 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite-Volume Method ; Numerical Diffusion ; Upstream Weighted Differencing ; Skew Upstream Differencing ; Turbulent Recirculating Flow ; Turbulence Model ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Predictions are reported for two-dimensional, steady, incompressible flows over rearward-facing steps for both laminar and turbulent conditions. The standard k-∊ turbulence model was used for the turbulent flow. Attention was focused on obtaining accurate solutions to the differential equations. It is concluded that some of the serious discrepancies that have occurred between prediction and observation, and attributed in earlier studies to the inadequacy of the turbulence model, may have been due to the inaccuracy of the solution.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 48
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 749-764 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Hyperbolic Conservation Equation ; Finite Elements ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Several explicit schemes are presented for triangular P0 and P1 finite elements. A first-order accurate upwind P0 scheme is compared to a FLIC type method. A second-order accurate Richtmyer scheme is constructed. Applications are given for the Euler system of conservation laws in the 2-dimensional case.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 49
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 725-747 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Ray Methods ; Water Waves ; Refraction ; Diffraction ; Coasts ; Harbours ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Ray methods are used in coastal and harbour wave disturbance investigations where the area to be modelled is large compared to the wavelength. The interpretation of forward-plotted ray diagrams, once obtained, has always been a difficult problem. The technique described in this paper calculates wave amplitudes during the ray plotting process and requires only minor modifications to existing ray plotting programs. The idea is to superimpose a grid of square elements over the entire sea area under study, and to perform a spatial averaging of the rays crossing each square element. This ‘square-averaging’ technique has a number of advantages. It smooths the rapid amplitude variations near caustics, calculates the interference of several wave trains, and generates amplitudes automatically in a square array covering the whole studied sea area. Two types of sensitivity tests are carried out. These tests are designed to determine the accuracy of the predicted wave amplitudes with respect to: (1) the square size per wavelength, and (2) the ray density. These two factors largely determine the computing storage, time and cost of a ray model. An upper limit on the square size per wavelength and a lower limit on the ray density are obtained.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 50
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 801-801 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 51
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 802-802 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 52
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 1013-1025 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Stream Function ; Viscous Flow ; Non-conforming Elements ; Interface Penalties ; Reduced Integration ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A finite element method for solution of the stream function formulation of Stokes flow is developed. The method involves complete cubic non-conforming (C0) triangular Hermite elements. This element fails the patch test. To correct the element and produce a convergent method we employ a penalty method to weakly enforce the desired continuity constraint on the normal derivative across the inter-element boundaries. Successful use of the method is demonstrated to require reduced integration of the inter-element penalty with a 1-point Gauss rule. Error estimates relate the optimal choice of penalty parameter to mesh size and are corroborated by numerical convergence studies. The need for reduced integration is interpreted using rank relations for an associated hybrid method.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 53
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 1097-1098 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 54
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 1083-1095 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Turbomachines ; Finite Volume ; Consistency ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The aim of this contribution is to investigate the consistency and order of accuracy of different control surfaces used for finite area blade-to-blade flow calculations. The following cases will be treated: a hexagonal element, a trapezoidal element, a bitrapezoidal element and a quadrilateral element. Finally, the consistency conditions will be discussed and compared with respect to a cascade flow application.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 55
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 1099-1099 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 56
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 57
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 1117-1136 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We describe in this paper some new methods for solving the shallow water flow problem; this problem is composed of two coupled non-linear equations. First a fractional step method is used to decouple the difficulties due to the convection and the propagation. The diffusion propagation step amounts to solving two coupled linear equations on the water depth and the fluxes. We used then some quasi-direct decomposition techniques to decouple the unknowns, leading to symmetric systems only. In addition some non-trivial boundary conditions on the flux are examined. Particularly we are interested to get decoupled systems on the two components of the flux. Numerical tests are presented to enlighten the behaviour and the capabilities of the method. Finally an industrial example is treated on the Dunkirk harbour.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 58
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 1101-1115 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Numerical Solution ; Navier-Stokes Equations ; 2-D Steady, Laminar Flows ; ADI Method ; Spline Interpolating Polynomials ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The present paper provides an improved alternating direction implicit (ADI) technique as well as high-order-accurate spline ADI method for the numerical solution of steady two-dimensional incompressible viscous flow problems. The vorticity-stream function Navier-Stokes equations are considered in a general curvilinear coordinate system, which maps an arbitrary two-dimensional flow domain in the physical plane into a rectangle in the computational plane. The stream function equation is parabolized in time by means of a relaxation-like time derivative and the steady state solution is obtained by a time-marching ADI method requiring to solve only 2 × 2 block-tridiagonal linear systems. The difference equations are written in incremental form; upwind differences are used for the incremental variables, for stability, whereas central differences approximate the non-incremental terms, for accuracy, so that, at convergence, the solution is free of numerical viscosity and second-order accurate. The high-order-accurate spline ADI technique proceeds in the same manner; in addition, at the end of each two-sweep ADI cycle, the solution is corrected by means of a fifth-order spline interpolating polynomial along each row and column of the computational grid, explicitly. The validity and the efficiency of the present methods are demonstrated by means of three test problems.
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  • 59
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 1137-1148 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Free Surface Flows ; Computation ; Kantorovich Method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Computing free surface gravity flows involves basically two coupled problems, namely, the location of the free surface position and the determination of the internal flow field (for assumed values H0 and Q of the total head and discharge, respectively).Solution techniques are invariably based on iterative procedures, but those that iterate between the two coupled problems may become unstable.In this paper we present a computational method in which the coupling is kept throughout the process of iteration. This is achieved by converting the coupled problems (by means of the Kantorovich method) into the single problem of finding a set of streamlines, including that of the free surface. These streamlines are moved (iteratively) to satisfy the stationary conditions of the governing variational principle.The algorithm is very stable and converges rapidly. It is also easy to implement to solve various types of steady flows with a free surface under gravity.
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  • 60
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 1149-1163 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Stokes Problem ; Chebyshev Approximation ; Spectral Method ; Penalty Formulation ; Splitting Scheme ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: To investigate the influences of time scheme, pressure treatment and initial conditions in incompressible fluid dynamics, a Stokes problem is solved numerically on a slab geometry within the framework of spectral approximation in space. Four algorithms are examined: splitting schemes, influence matrix method, penalty formulation and pseudo-spectral space-time technique. It is shown that splitting schemes are less accurate than the other processes. Furthermore, the initial field should respect a compatibility condition to avoid singularities at the initial time. If it is not possible to build such a compatible field, the numerical procedure has to present good damping properties at the first steps of the time integration.
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  • 61
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 1186-1187 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 62
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 1185-1185 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 63
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 1165-1184 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Turbulence ; Buoyancy ; Swirl ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A three-parameter model of turbulence applicable to free boundary layers has been developed and applied for the prediction of axisymmetric turbulent swirling flows in uniform and stagnant surroundings under the action of buoyancy forces. The turbulent momentum and heat fluxes appearing in the time-averaged equations for the mean motion have been determined from algebraic expressions, derived by neglecting the convection and diffusion terms in the differential transport equations for these quantities, which relate the turbulent fluxes to the kinetic energy of turbulence, k, the dissipation length scale of turbulence, L, and the temperature covariance, T′2. Differential transport equations have been used to determine these latter quantities. The governing equations have been solved using fully implicit finite difference schemes. The turbulence model is capable of reproducing the gross features of pure jet flows, buoyant flows and swirling flows for weak and moderate swirl.The behaviour of a turbulent buoyant swirling jet has been found to depend solely on exit swirl and Froude numbers. The predicted results indicate that the incorporation of buoyancy can cause significant changes in the behaviour of a swirling jet, particularly when the buoyancy strength is high. The jet exhibits similarity behaviour in the initial region for weak swirl and weak buoyancy strengths only, and the asymptotic case of a swirling jet under the action of buoyancy forces is a pure plume in the far field. The predicted results have been found to be in satisfactory agreement with the available experimental data and in good qualitative agreement with other predicted results.
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  • 64
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 25-41 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Architectural Wind-flow ; Environmental Problems ; Random Vortex Method ; Control Volume Method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Numerical solutions to the Navier-Stokes equation may provide designers with predictions of the wind environment of buildings under design. To investigate this possibility, two complementary solution procedures are implemented for two-dimensional geometry: a random vortex method to depict the flow evolution, and a control volume method to depict the steady flow field. These are both illustrated by specific application to the case of a building form with a roof of arbitrary pitch.
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  • 65
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 99-104 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite Element Method ; Shallow Water Equations ; Boundary Conditions ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 66
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 206-206 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 67
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Coating Flows ; Viscous Flows ; Free Surfaces ; Free Boundaries ; Boundary ; Parameterization Moving Spine Method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Coating flows are laminar free surface flows, preferably steady and two-dimensional, by which a liquid film is deposited on a substrate. Their theory rests on mass and momentum accounting for which Galerkin's weighted residual method, finite element basis functions, isoparametric mappings, and a new free surface parametrization prove particularly well-suited, especially in coping with the highly deformed free boundaries, irregular flow domains, and the singular nature of static and dynamic contact lines where fluid interfaces intersect solid surfaces. Typically, short forming zones of rapidly rearranging two-dimensional flow merge with simpler asymptotic regimes of developing or developed flow upstream and downstream. The two-dimensional computational domain can be shrunk in size by imposing boundary conditions from asymptotic analysis of those regimes or by matching to one-dimensional finite element solutions of asymptotic equations.The theory is laid out with special attention to conditions at free surfaces, contact lines, and open inflow and outflow boundaries. Efficient computation of predictions is described with emphasis on a grand Newton iteration that converges rapidly and brings other benefits. Sample results for curtain coating and roll coating flows of Newtonian liquids illustrate the power and effectiveness of the theory.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
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  • 68
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 349-357 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite Elements ; Non-steady Flow ; Fractional Step Method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The algorithm for solving the three-dimensional non-steady Navier-Stokes equations by the explicit forward Euler method is shown and the Galerkin finite element formulation is presented. As a numerical example, an entrace flow in a square duct is illustrated.
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  • 69
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: One of the major difficulties of modelling fluid flow processes in hard-rock geologies is the complex nature of the porosity systems. Hydraulic behaviour in these rock masses is characterized by both porous and fractured interflow zones. Traditionally, fractured-porous rocks have been modelled as an equivalent porous medium or as a system of fractures separated by impermeable blocks. A new method is proposed that unifies these two approaches for modelling fluid flow processes in fractured-porous media. The basic idea is to use a combination of isoparametric elements for the porous zones and line elements for the fractures. The coupling between the governing equations for each element type is achieved using the superposition principle. The effectiveness of the new approach is demonstrated by comparing numerical solutions with known solutions for problems of flow and solute transport in fractured-porous media.
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  • 70
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 359-375 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Boundary-fitted ; Finite-differences ; Accuracy ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A description is given of the effects of the discretization of the domain of integration on the accuracy of the results obtained with boundary-fitted finite differences. Three-dimensional unsteady heat conduction problems and two dimensional Navier-Stokes equations are considered. Comparisons with analytic solutions are given for all cases. It is shown that grid shapes influence the accuracy of the results and quantitative error evaluations are provided for some interesting cases.
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  • 71
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. i 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 72
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 73
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 377-397 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Lubrication ; Film Thickness ; Free Boundary ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The classical problem of elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication of cylinders in line contact is formulated as a non-linear complementarity problem. A direct algorithm is applied to the approximation obtained by finite differences. Implementation considerations are emphasized. The new method provides reliable and automatic location of the previously troublesome lubricant free boundary. Numerical results reveal the qualitative behaviour of the pressure distribution and the lubricant film thickness under variation of key physical parameters.
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  • 74
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 539-555 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Boundary Conditions ; Finite-differences ; Multi-grid Methods ; Navier-Stokes ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations for viscous incompressible fluids are discretized on staggered or non-staggered grids. The system of finite-difference equations is solved by a multi-grid method. The method and some possible sources of difficulties and their remedies are described. The numerical algorithm has been applied to the computations of flows in ducts for a range of Reynolds numbers up to 2000. As outflow boundary conditions, either the fully developed flow profile (Dirichlet condition) or parabolic conditions have been applied. The multi-grid method has a fast rate of convergence (with both types of boundary conditions), and it is not sensitive to the number of mesh points and the Reynolds number. The numerical solution, using parabolic boundary conditions, is insensitive to the location of the outflow boundary, even for large Reynolds numbers, in contrast to the solution with Dirichlet boundary conditions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 75
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 76
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Navier-Stokes Equations ; Finite Element Method ; Incompressible Flow ; Advection-Diffusion ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Beginning with the Galerkin finite element method and the simplest appropriate isoparametric element for modelling the Navier-Stokes equations, the spatial approximation is modified in two ways in the interest of cost-effectiveness: the mass matrix is ‘lumped’ and all coefficient matrices are generated via 1-point quadrature. After appending an hour-glass correction term to the diffusion matrices, the modified semi-discretized equations are integrated in time using the forward (explicit) Euler method in a special way to compensate for that portion of the time truncation error which is intolerable for advection-dominated flows. The scheme is completed by the introduction of a subcycling strategy that permits less frequent updates of the pressure field with little loss of accuracy. These techniques are described and analysed in some detail, and in Part 2 (Applications), the resulting code is demonstrated on three sample problems: steady flow in a lid-driven cavity at Re ≤ 10,000, flow past a circular cylinder at Re ≤ 400, and the simulation of a heavy gas release over complex topography.
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  • 77
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 899-899 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 78
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 813-832 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Waves ; Diffraction ; Refraction ; Finite Elements ; Infinite Elements ; Breakwater ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A finite and infinite element model is derived to predict wave patterns around a semi-infinite breakwater in water of constant depth. Both circular and square meshes of elements are used. The wave theory used is that of Berkhoff. The appropriate boundary conditions for finite and infinite boundaries are described. The singularity in the velocity at the breakwater tip is modelled effectively using the technique of Henshell and Shaw originally developed in elasticity. The results agree well with the analytical solution. In addition the problem of waves incident upon a semi-infinite breakwater and parabolic shoal, where both diffraction and refraction are present, is solved. There is no analytical solution for this case. The combination of finite and infinite elements is found to be an effective and accurate technique for such problems.
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  • 79
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 900-900 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 80
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 853-897 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Stability ; Advection-diffusion ; von Neumann method ; Matrix method ; Explicit Euler ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A comprehensive study is presented regarding the numerical stability of the simple and common forward Euler explicit integration technique combined with some common finite difference spatial discretizations applied to the advection-diffusion equation. One-dimensional results are obtained using both the matrix method (for several boundary conditions) and the classical von Neumann method of stability analysis and arguments presented showing that the latter is generally to be preferred, regardless of the type of boundary conditions. The less-well-known Godunov-Ryabenkii theory is also applied for a particular (Robin) boundary condition. After verifying portions of the one-dimensional theory with some numerical results, the stabilities of the two- and three-dimensional equations are addressed using the von Neumann method and results presented in the form of a new stability theorem. Extension of a useful scheme from one dimension, where the pure advection limit is known variously as Leith's method or a Lax-Wendroff method, to many dimensions via finite elements is also addressed and some stability results presented.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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  • 81
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 82
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 901-914 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Hydrodynamic Model ; Suspended Particles Transport ; Free-surface Model ; Bottom Bed Deposition ; Particle Settling Velocity ; Particulate Dispersion ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A three-dimensional, time-dependent free surface model has been developed which takes account of topographical and meterological parameters for application to suspended particles transport. This investigation of suspended particles transport is the most realistic in regard to treating the moving free-surface in computing the hydrodynamic field. A unique mass-conserving numerical model is used for solving the concentration equation by an explicit finite difference scheme. The paper presents a mathematical model which can be applied to surface water dispersion of particulates associated with dredging operations and land-fill. The effects of settling velocity and bottom bed deposition rate are compared and discussed.
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  • 83
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 915-930 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite-difference ; Schemes ; Time-linearization ; Methods ; Operator-splitting Techniques ; Methods of Lines ; Combustion ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The ozone-decomposition flame has been studied by means of fourth- and second-order accurate schemes. The fourth-order methods include a method of lines, a time-linearization algorithm, and a majorant operatorsplitting technique. The second-order schemes include two time-linearization methods which use different temporal approximations. It is shown that the fourth-order techniques yield comparable results to those obtained with very accurate finite element and adaptive grid finite-difference algorithms. The results of the second-order methods are in good agreement with second-order explicit predictor-corrector methods but predict a lower flame speed than that obtained by means of fourth-order techniques. It is also shown that the temporal approximations are not as important as the spatial approximations in flame propagation problems characterized by the presence of several small time scales.
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  • 84
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 971-987 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Method of Characteristics ; Reactive Flows ; Blast Waves ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Using the ability of the method of characteristics to evaluate shock fronts in an accurate manner, a formulation is presented which incorporates the effect of rapid exothermic chemical reactions in the flow. The formulation is applied to the computation of the unsteady reactive flow field behind a cylindrial expanding blast wave propagating in a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen. Details of the computational procedure are described. Results are presented for a sample problem and compared with those for the non-reactive case to illustrate the influence of chemical reactions.
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  • 85
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 86
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 1065-1081 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Viscoelastic Fluids ; Polymer Flow ; Finite Elements ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The proficiency of available mixed methods for solving the flow of a Maxwell fluid is evaluated through their application to the same problem. The reasons for the usual degeneracy of the numerical results beyond some level of elasticity are investigated. The best-performing technique is applied to the flow through an abrupt 4/1 contraction.
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  • 87
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 1027-1041 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: F. D. for Navier-Stokes ; Mass Transfer ; Pressure Treatment ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In the present work the viscous (low Reynolds) flow in plane ducts confined by permeable walls has been studied. A simple model of the filtrating walls has been used, with the normal velocity component proportional to the pressure jump across the wall, resulting in a non-standard boundary value Navier-Stokes problem.A critical analysis of the appropriate boundary condition and pressure problem has led to the conclusions of employing a simple explicit finite volume approach, and of avoiding the use of higher order finite difference schemes. In this paper a special emphasis on the structure of the involved computational matrices has been given to illustrate the chosen algorithm. The latter yields a steady state solution that is second order accurate in space, and it has an accuracy in time of order ≤ Δt (the time step), due to the explicit treatment of the velocity boundary conditions along the membrane. The model has been tested to study the effects of the inlet/outlet conditions, Reynolds number and filtrating wall constant.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 88
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 43-69 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Mixed Method ; Assumed Deviatoric Stress ; Galerkin Formulation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In Part I of this paper we presented a mixed finite element method, for solving unsteady, incompressible, convective flows, based on assumed ‘deviatoric stress-velocity-pressure’ fields in each element, which have the features: (i) the convective term is treated by the usual Galerkin technique; (ii) the unknowns in the global system of finite element equations are the nodal velocities, and the ‘constant term’ in the arbitrary pressure field over each element; and (iii) exact integrations are performed over each element.In this paper we present numerical studies, both for steady as well as unsteady cases, of the problems: (a) the driven cavity, (b) Jeffry-Hamel flow in a channel, (c) flow over a ‘backward’ or ‘downstream’ facing step, and (d) flow over a square step. All these problems are two-dimensional in nature, although certain 3-D solutions are to be presented in a separate paper. The present results are compared with those which are available in the literature and are based on alternative approaches to treat incompressibility and convective acceleration. The possible merits of the present method are thus pointed out.
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  • 89
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Nearshore Current ; Two Step Explicit Scheme ; Linear Interpolation Function ; Fujisawa Coast ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A finite element method for the analysis of nearshore current, which is one of the principal currents in coastal seas, is presented in this paper. Because the nearshore current is induced by the variable distribution of the surface waves, it is necessary to analyse two main characteristics of the wave, i.e. direction and height. The current can be computed using the resulting wave characteristics. The present method makes it possible to employ procedures for which the same methods of solution are applicable for all basic equations of wave direction, height and current flow. The linear interpolation function is used for the discretization of spatial variables and a selective lumping two step explicit scheme is employed for the numerical integration in time. The numerical solutions obtained are compared with analytical, experimental and observed ones. From these comparative studies, it is concluded that the present finite element method provide a useful tool for the analysis of nearshore current.
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  • 90
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 105-105 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 91
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 159-170 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Boundary Method ; Green's Function ; Stokes Flow ; Cylindrical Tubes ; Collections of Particles ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The boundary integral equation method is a numerical technique extensively applied in the solution of boundary value problems from many different engineering fields. The starting point of the method is the formulation of an integral equation which gives the variable at any point in terms of single and double layer potentials whose densities are the values of the variable and its derivatives on the boundary. The method consists of the numerical solution of this integral equation when the field point is taken to lie on the boundary. The present paper extends the formulation of the method to Stokes flows of a collection of particles in infinite circular cylinders. This is achieved by developing matrix Green's functions for Stokes flows in cylindrical boundaries. The results are found to be in good agreement with the results of Wang and Skalak1 and Tözeren.3
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  • 92
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 231-246 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Channel Flow ; River Modelling ; Integrated Compartment Method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper presents the development of a channel hydrodynamic model for simulating the behaviour of flows and water depths in a river network that may consist of any number of joined and branched rivers/streams, including both tidal and non-tidal rivers. The model employs a numerical method - an integrated compartment method (ICM). The method greatly facilitates the set-up of algebraic equations for the discrete field approximating the corresponding continuous field.Most of the possible boundary conditions that may be anticipated in real-world problems are considered. These include junctions, prescribed flow, prescribed water depth (or cross-sectional area), and rating curve boundaries. The use of ICM makes the implementation of these four types of boundary conditions relatively easy.The model is applied to two case studies: first to a single river and then to a network of five river branches in a watershed. Results indicate that the model can simulate the behaviour of the hydrodynamic variables that are required to compute chemical transport in a river-stream network.
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  • 93
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 641-651 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Convection-Diffusion ; Finite Difference ; High Order ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A new finite difference scheme for the convection-diffusion equation with variable coefficients is proposed. The difference scheme is defined on a single square cell of size 2h over a 9-point stencil and has a truncation error of order h4. The resulting system of equations can be solved by iterative methods. Numerical results of some test problems are given.
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  • 94
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 599-617 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The technique of dampers is now widely used in the numerical analysis of unbounded problems. The dampers are used to absorb the outgoing waves. This paper will consider in detail the best formulations of damper methods. Examples will be given showing the effectiveness of three different dampers, in two dimensional and three dimensional models. The geometries considered are circular and elliptical cylinders, spheres and ellipsoids. The results indicate that dampers are indeed very effective, particularly those of higher order, which have recently been developed by Bayliss et al.1,2 and others.
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  • 95
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Three examples will be presented to demonstrate the performance of the scheme described in Part 1 of this paper.1 Two are isothermal (T = 0) and two-dimensional, and one of these is steady and the other time-dependent. The third example involves buoyancy effects, is time-dependent and three-dimensional, and is presented in less detail. The paper concludes with a short discussion and some conclusions from both Parts 1 and 2.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 653-666 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite Differences ; Split Operators ; Reacting Flow ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A new, reliable family of split-operator methods is presented for the computation of reacting flows. The methods may be inconsistent or consistent depending upon their applicability. Analyses are carried out for flow combusting according to general multicomponent, multireaction linear or non-linear chemical kinetic models, and conditions for guaranteed stability/convergence are established. A special chemical splitting parameter can also be embedded in the methods enabling accelerated convergence of an iterative finite-difference solution. Computed results highlight the capabilities and properties of the methods.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 701-707 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Numerical Methods ; Transport ; Simulation ; Analytical Solutions ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 781-800 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Unsteady Flows ; Periodic Boundary Layers ; Laminar Boundary Layers ; Turbulent Boundary Layers ; Finite-Difference Methods ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A relatively simple, yet efficient and accurate finite difference method is developed for the solution of the unsteady boundary layer equations for both laminar and turbulent flows. The numerical procedure is subjected to rigorous validation tests in the laminar case, comparing its predictions with exact analytical solutions, asymptotic solutions, and/or experimental results. Calculations of periodic laminar boundary layers are performed from low to very high oscillation frequencies, for small and large amplitudes, for zero as well as adverse time-mean pressure gradients, and even in the presence of significant flow reversal. The numerical method is then applied to predict a relatively simple experimental periodic turbulent boundary layer, using two well-known quasi-steady closure models. The predictions are shown to be in good agreement with the measurements, thereby demonstrating the suitability of the present numerical scheme for handling periodic turbulent boundary layers. The method is thus a useful tool for the further development of turbulence models for more complex unsteady flows.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 803-811 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Flow in an Annulus ; Linear Stability ; Rotating Porous Medium ; Critical Taylor Number ; Runge-Kutta-Gill Method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The paper deals with the linear stability analysis of laminar flow of a viscous fluid in a rotating porous medium in the form of an annulus bounded by two concentric circular impermeable cylinders. The usual no-slip condition is imposed at both the boundaries. The resulting sixth order boundary value, eigenvalue problem has been solved numerically for the small-gap case by the Runge-Kutta-Gill method, assuming that the marginal state is stationary. The results of computation reveal that the critical Taylor number increases with decreasing permeability of the medium. The problem is found to reduce to the case of ordinary viscous flow in the annulus obtained by Chandrasekhar,1 when the permeability parameter tends to zero.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 833-852 
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Falkner Skan ; Shooting Method ; Continuation Technique ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We consider in this paper the numerical solution of the Falkner-Skan differential equation, modelling under some similarity assumptions the boundary layer equation. We look for the extremal solution of this third order differential equation. The methods we use are basically the Newton method with a shooting process, which is coupled with a continuation method: they allow us to follow the solution arcs which contain regular and turning point solutions.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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