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  • 1980-1984  (769)
  • 1980  (769)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (768)
  • Nuclear reactions
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of an (n, α) nuclear reaction to study the long-distance transport of boron in trifolium repens after foliar application (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 150 (1980), S. 197-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Boron ; Foliar nutrition ; Nuclear reactions ; Transport (boron) ; Trifolium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The growth of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) is severely inhibited by boron starvation, but a foliar treatment with boric acid can transitorily alleviate the deficiency symptoms. The 10B(n ,α)7 Li nuclear reaction has been used to study boron transport in the plant after foliar application. More than 98% of the boron supplied remained at the point where it was applied to the leaves, and less than 2% was useful to the growth of the treated plant. This small “efficient” portion of boron was quite mobile. It was distributed to the different parts of the plant, then was transferred from the oldest parts to the newly formed leaves. Physiological and agronomical implications of these data are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00390826
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010101
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tubulin nucleation and assembly in mitotic cells: Evidence for nucleic acids in kinetochores and centrosomes (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 1-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: centrosomes ; kinetochores ; microtubule initiation ; nuclease enzymes ; electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A lysed cell system was used to study the organelle structure and nucleation of exogenous tubulin at kinetochores and centrosomes in mitotic PtK2 cells. We have used this lysed cell system in conjunction with nuclease digestion experiments to determine which specific nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) are involved in either the structure and/or microtubule-initiating capacity of kinetochores and centrosomes. The results indicate that DNase I specifically decondenses the kinetochore plate structure, with the eventual loss in the ability of the chromosomes to nucleate microtubule assembly. DNase I had no effect on either the structure or nucleating capacity of centrosomes. Both RNase T1 and RNase A specifically attacked the amorphous pericentriolar material of the centrosomes, with a concomitant loss in the ability of this material to nucleate microtubule formation. Neither RNase appeared to affect the structure or nucleating capacity of the kinetochore. Therefore, the two types of nucleases appear to exert preferential effects on the different types of microtubule initiation sites in mitotic mammalian cells. The results suggest that DNA is a major component of the kinetochore, while RNA is a major component of the amorphous pericentriolar material. These findings support the concept that microtubule initiation sites in mitotic cells contain nucleic acids which are essential for the structural and functional integrity of the sites.
    Additional Material: 45 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010102
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Redistribution of actin and fascin in sea urchin eggs after fertilization (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 31-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: actin ; fascin ; actin cross-linking proteins ; fertilization ; microvilli ; sea urchin eggs ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Following fertilization, the sea urchin egg cortex undergoes a structural change involving the assembly and organization of actin filaments into microvilli. Antifascin localizes this actin cross-linking protein in the microvilli of the fertilized egg cortex but no organized staining is present in the unfertilized cortex. Determination of the actin content of eggs using the DNAase I inhibition assay indicates that actin is about 1.4% of the total protein. Approximately 90% of this actin is soluble in low calcium isotonic extracts of unfertilized eggs while only 60-65% can be recovered in identical extracts of fertilized eggs. Similar measurements for fascin using a radioimmunoassay indicate this molecule represents about 0.3% of the total egg protein, essentially all of which is recovered in low calcium isotonic extracts of unfertilized eggs. After fertilization only 65-70% of this actin cross-linking protein is in the soluble phase. These results demonstrate a markedly different solubility for actin and fascin after fertilization, when the indirect immunofluorescence staining localizes fascin in the microvilli, and are consistent with the idea that fascin organizes newly polymerized actin filaments into the microvillar cores. A consideration of the amounts of actin and fascin incorporated into the cortex after fertilization and the number of microvilli on the egg surface indicates that the measured values are sufficient to account for the observed microvillar elongation.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010104
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control by calcium of the contractility of Labyrinthula slimeways and of the translocation of Labyrinthula cells (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 17-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Ca-ion ; Labyrinthula ; contraction ; glycerination ; Ca-reservoir ; cell movement ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Colonies of Labyrinthula, a colonial marine protist, expand by protrusive movements of the specialized slimeways. The movements recorded in time-lapse films are of two types - filopodial and lamellipodial - and occur at rates equivalent to those of cell translocation.Evidence is presented that Ca2+ regulates the contraction of the actomyosin system of filaments present in the slimeways of Labyrinthula. In glycerinated models or in colonies exposed to ionophore A23187 contraction is evidenced by the occurrence of periodic contractions of the slimeways, giving them the appearance of strings of beads. Glycerinated slimeways contract on the addition of Ca2+ and ATP while slimeways provided with ionophore A23187 contract on addition of Ca2+ alone. The concentration required is 1.1 × 10-7 M Ca2+ while concentrations of 6.2 × 10-8 or lower were ineffective. Rates of contraction were measured in time-lapse films which provide evidence that contractions and beading occur everywhere in the slimeway system. When beading occurs, the 6-nm filaments transform from an array of parallel single filaments into an interwoven meshwork.We have identified by pyroantimonate-OsO4 fixation, as possible Ca2+ reservoirs, deposits of Ca2+ in bothrosomes - structures through which cell secretions pass into the slimeways. The electron-dense deposits are located at the base of the bothrosome and disappear after incubation with EGTA. We propose that the translocation of cells as well as the movements of slimeways may be regulated by the cells through the local measured liberation of Ca2+ from the bothrosome where it is sequestered.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010103
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analysis of spindle ultrastructure during anaphase of micronuclear division in Tetrahymena (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 41-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: mitosis ; mitotic spindle ; kinetochore ; microtubule ; micronucleus ; Tetrahymena ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Mitotic micronuclei were isolated from Tetrahymena thermophila and data on spindle ultrastructure were obtained from serial, transverse sections. Comparison of data from nuclei at meta- and early anaphase with data from nuclei at late anaphase showed that during anaphase, sister kinetochores move from the equator to the spindle poles, but kinetochore translocation occurs without any apparent change in either the number or length of kinetochore microtubules. This unprecedented result is ascribed significance with regard to the mechanism of kinetochore transport since there are only a limited number of ways that result could be achieved. The organization of the peripheral sheath changes during anaphase as evidenced by gaps in the sheath at late anaphase. Numerous kinetochore and non-kinetochore microtubules are located in polar regions of the spindle at late anaphase, whereas those regions contained only peripherally arranged microtubules at earlier stages. Tracking of individual kinetochore microtubules in late anaphase nuclei showed that some of them appeared to become incorporated into the peripheral sheath near the pole. At early and late anaphase, crossbridges connect adjacent microtubules throughout the spindle poleward to the kinetochores, as well as in the interzone.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010105
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physarum myosin light chain binds calcium (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 63-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Physarum polycephalum ; myosin light chains ; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; calcium ; cytoplasmic streaming ; actomyosin ATPase regulation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Myosin from the slime mold Physarum polycephalum contains three sizes of polypeptides: a heavy chain and two light chains, LC-1 and LC-2. Using a simple qualitative test for calcium binding by comparing electrophoretic migration of the polypeptides in sodium dodecy1 sulfate (SDS) acrylamide gels in the presence and absence of calcium, we have found that Physarum myosin light chain LC-2 migrates with an apparent molecular weight of 16,900 daltons in the presence of the metal ion chelator ethylene glycol bis (B-aminoethyl ether) N,N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). However, if calcium chloride is added to the sample prior to electrophoresis, the apparent molecular weight decreases to 16,100. Lanthanide and cadmium ions, but not magnesium, can substitute for calcium. Because the ionic radii of Ca2+, La3+, and Cd2+ are almost identical, we conclude that Physarum myosin LC-2 possesses a very size-specific binding site for calcium. Physarum myosin LC-1 and the heavy chain give no evidence for binding calcium by this test. Since cytoplasmic streaming in the plasmodium of Physarum requires calcium, our evidence indicates that the calcium-binding property of Physarum myosin LC-2 may be important in regulating the production of force by actomyosin in the ectoplasm. Unexpectedly, the myosin light chain in Physarum capable of binding calcium, LC-2, is the essential light chain, while LC-1 is a member of the regulatory class of myosin light chains [V. T. Nachmias, personal communication]. Until now, essential myosin light chains have not been shown to have high affinity divalent cation binding sites. This means a new version of the myosin-based model for actomyosin regulation by calcium may be required to explain cytoplasmic movement in Physarum, and perhaps in other motile systems involving cytoplasmic myosins as well.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010106
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of the extracellular matrix in cell motility in fibroblast aggregates (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 99-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: cell motility ; extracellular matrix ; collagen ; glycosaminogly cans ; collagenase ; hyaluronidase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effect of specific components of the extracellular matrix on the motility of tissue cells was studied using organ-cultured aggregates of embryonic fibroblasts. Spherical aggregates of chick embryo heart and skin fibroblasts were fused with [3H]-thymidine-labeled aggregates of the identical cell type. The movement of labeled cells into the unlabeled partner aggregate served as an estimate of cell motility in the cultured tissue-like aggregates. Collagenase treatment decreased the collagen content of heart fibroblast aggregates and increased cell motility; ascorbic acid treatment increased the collagen content of skin fibroblast aggregates and decreased cell motility. Reduction of the glycosaminoglycan content with testicular hyaluronidase had no measurable effect on cell motility in heart fibroblast aggregates.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010108
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of genetic elements associated with muscle structure in the nematode caenorhabditis elegans (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 73-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: nematodes ; muscle structure ; mutants ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A search for new mutants with altered body-wall muscle cell structure has been undertaken in the nematode C elegans. One-hundred seventeen mutants were isolated after mutagenesis with ethyl methanesulfonate or ultraviolet light, enrichment by a motility-requiring test, and screening by polarized light microscopy; 102 of these mutants were in ten previously established genes, whereas 15 mutants permitted the identification of seven new complementation groups in C elegans. Two of the new genes map on linkage group I (unc-94 and unc-95) and four genes are sex linked (unc-96, unc-97, unc-98, and unc-99). One complementation group (unc-100) could not be mapped because of the special characteristics of its cohort mutants. Representative mutants of the mapped genes were examined by polarized light and electron microscopy. All of the mutants exhibit disruptions of the normal A and I band organization of thick and thin filaments. Several of the mutants produce collections of thin filament-like structures. In one of these cases, HE177 demonstrated collections of somewhat wider, intermediate-sized filaments as well, and the HE195 mutant produces paracrystalline aggregates of thin filaments amidst looser arrangements of similar structures. The mutants in newly identified genes, as well as the new mutants in previously established genetic loci, have promise as tools in the study of myofibrillar assembly and function. Among the 22 complementation groups associated with body-wall structure in C elegans, it is likely that some genes code for regulatory and morphogenetic functions in addition to the well-studied structural, contractile, and calcium-associated proteins in muscle.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010107
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tubulin content and synthesis in differentiating drosophila cells in culture (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 113-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: tubulin ; Drosophila ; β-ecdysterne ; differentiating ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Drosophila Kc cells exposed to physiological doses of the moulting hormone, β-ecdysone, elongate, become motile, and subsequently aggregate. This pattern of morphogenesis was found to require the assembly of a microtubular cytoskeleton. Tubulin content was significantly increased in hormone-treated cells when compared to controls, as measured by a 3H-colchicine-binding assay. However, determinations of rates of tubulin synthesis and breakdown revealed no difference between control and hormone-treated cells for either parameter. When tubulin content was assayed by methods that do not depend on colchicine-binding activity, no difference between hormone-treated and control cells was observed. These results are discussed in terms of a model in which β-ecdysone affects the distribution of tubulin in “assembly-active” and “assembly-inactive” pools.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010109
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meeting report (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 159-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010112
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The formation and elongation of filopodia during transformation of sea urchin coelomocytes (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 131-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: sea urchin coelomocytes ; motility ; filopodial formation and elongation ; ciné film analysis ; scanning electron microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Sea urchin coelomocytes were examined during their morphological transformation from petaloid to filopodial forms by scanning electron microscopy and ciné film analysis. Petaloid coelomocytes have a variable morphology but, in general, consist of numerous thin sheets of cytoplasm, the petals, arranged in three dimensions around a central nuclear region. The transition to the filopodial form can occur in either substrate-attached or suspended cells and begins with the formation of several microspikes at the edge of each petal. These become more apparent as the cytoplasm between each microspike/filopodium is retracted centripetally. Concomitantly, the diameter of the flattened cell is increased by as much as twofold as the filopodia actively lengthen at a uniform, average rate of 0.5 μm/minute. The transformation process requires ca 15 minutes and is complete when the cell diameter no longer increases. These filopodia are functionally distinct from the passively produced retraction fibers observed in cultured mammalian cells. The formation of filopodia is biphasic and includes both a cytoplasmic retraction phase and an active extension phase.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010110
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Invited review: Guidance cue patterns and cell migration in muiticeliuiar organisms (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 141-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: axon guidance ; chemotaxis ; haptotaxis substrate pathways ; development ; pattern biology ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In multicellular organisms, guidance cues are either diffusible molecules or cellular or extracellular surfaces that are found in reproducible locations and that orient migrating cells and cell processes. The pattern of the guidance cues usually determines the complex in vivo migration routes of motile cells and cell processes. Within organisms, guidance cues are found to be organized in two general patterns: (a) broad gradients - such as diffuse chemotactic gradients; (b) discrete routes (substrate pathways) - such as chemotactic gradients confined to long channels, and such as the axon surface which represents a long specific highway for migrating Schwann cells.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010111
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Announcement (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 163-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010113
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statement of purpose (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 167-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010114
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of short term incubation in vitro on the RNA content of regenerating mouse epidermis (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 349-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of short term incubation in vitro on RNA content in regenerating and normal epidermis has been investigated. Regenerating mouse epidermis was incubated for three hours, either attached to its underlying dermis or by itself, in either buffered sucrose or Roswell Park Memorial Institute culture medium at 26°C or at 37°C. There is a significant loss of RNA when regenerating epidermis is incubated without being attached to its underlying dermis, at either 26°C or 37°C, although there was little loss of DNA, good incorporation of (3H) orotic acid into RNA, as well as good preservation of epidermal histological details. In contrast, when regenerating epidermis was incubated attached to its dermis, little loss of RNA occurred. Similarly, incubating normal epidermis attached to its dermis results in no loss of RNA. These conditions also result in no significant loss of DNA, good incorporation of (3H) orotic acid into RNA, and preservation of epidermal histological details.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960311
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    American association of anatomists. Pages 1A-50A (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. A1 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstracts of papers presented at the 93rd meeting of the American Association of Anatomists a t Omaha under the sponsorship of the University of Nebraska School of Medicine, April 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, and May 1, 1980.The abstracts are listed in alphabetical sequence by senior author as follows: scientific papers from platform, poster presentation, or motion picture demonstration; special sessions on history and stereoprojection; and papers by title.Names of authors who are guests of the Association are marked with an asterisk. In addition, the letter “G” following the number of the paper and the term “sponsored by” is used to denote a graduate student presentation by an individual in hislher terminal year of graduate study, sponsored by hislher major professor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960313
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    American association of anatomists. Pages 151A-200A (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. A151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960316
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterogeneity of the MtTW15 mammosomatotropic tumor. II. Characterization of parenchymal cells by superimposition immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 301-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Large MtTW15 tumors, which secrete growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL), are composed of ovoid, elongated, and angular cells which demonstrated interdigitating processes and junctional complexes. The majority of the cells were essentially agranular, but two types of granulated cells were identifiable. One class of granulated cells contained moderate to sparse populations of round dense-cored granules measuring up to 250 nm in diameter. Rod-shaped to filamentous mitochondria with an electron-dense matrix were characteristic of a second class of granulated cells with pleomorphic granules of various sizes and electron densities. Images of exocytotic release of the round dense-cored granules were frequently seen, but were not observed with the pleomorphic granules, many of which were judged to be lysosomes. Superimposition immunocytochemistry revealed hormones only in the granulated cells with round to ovoid granules. Morphometry indicated that hormone specific subpopulations of tumor cells can be identified since PRL secretory granules were significantly smaller than GH secretory granules (149 ± 6 nm for PRL versus 221 ± 9 nm for GH, P 〈 0.001). The vast majority of immunopositive cells contained only GH or PRL, but a few were observed containing both hormones. Ovoid to irregular-shaped nuclei, large lipid inclusions, numerous free ribosomes and polyribosomes, moderate development of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and prominent Golgi profiles were characteristics of all cell types. Irrespective of the presence or absence of cytoplasmic granular elements, particles resembling viruses were encountered in many tumor cells, and these frequently appeared to be budding into the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960306
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developing innervation of the chick heart: A histofluorescence and light microscopic study of sympathetic innervation (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 333-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The available descriptions of the development of sympathetic innervation of the chick heart conflict with the known sympathetic innervation of the adult chicken heart. The adult heart is innervated by bilateral sympathetic cardiac nerves originating from the first thoracic sympathetic ganglia. These nerves travel lateral and anterior to the lung and join the vagi just before entering the pericardium along the great vessels. Using catecholamine histofluorescence techniques and silver preparations, we have observed the development of the sympathetic cardiac nerves. The sympathetic cardiac nerves arise from the first thoracic sympathetic ganglia on the 7th day of incubation. They grow lateral and then ventral to the developing lungs to join the vagi, and are found in the bulbar region of the heart and atrium on the 10th day of incubation. Fluorescent cells without processes mark the course of the sympathetic cardiac nerves and are present in the bulbar region on the 10th day and thereafter. Sympathetic ganglion cells lose their fluorescence between day 8 and day 16 of incubation. This is presumably due to dilution of the transmitter in the rapidly increasing volume of cytoplasm in the sprouting neurons. Small intensely fluorescent (SIF) and adrenal medullary cells do not undergo a diminution of fluorescence during this period. SIF cells appear well differentiated at 16 days.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960309
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extracellular spaces of the rat pars intermedia as outlined by lanthanum tracer (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 355-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The extracellular spaces of the rat pars intermedia were examined after perfusion with fixative containing lanthanum. The tracer reveals complex and extensive interdigitations among secretory cells. Spaces appear continuous with extracellular “channels” between the epithelial cells lining the hypophyseal cleft. Some suggestion for close contiguity between endocrine cells was present as “narrowing” or discontinuous areas within lanthanum-filled spaces. Extracellular regions surrounding nerve fibers and terminals appear continuous with the spaces between secretory cells. Areas between cells are thought to provide access to vascular and local neurotransmitter input, as well as to provide an extensive area for extrusion of peptide hormones and endogeneous opiates.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960312
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  • 22
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    American association of anatomists. Pages 51A-100A (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. A51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960314
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  • 23
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    American association of anatomists. Pages 101A-150A (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. A101 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960315
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  • 24
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    American association of anatomists. Pages 201A-257A (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. A201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960317
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  • 25
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    Secretory mechanisms of human ceruminous glands: A transmission and scanning electron microscopic study (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 363-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Two secretory mechanisms (eccrine and apocrine) were observed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy in the same secretory cells of the human ceruminous glands.The eccrine secretion occurs as a typical exocytosis by fusion of the limiting membrane of the secretory granule with the apical plasmalemma. The apocrine secretion is more complex and takes place by sequential steps: bulging of the cellular apex into the lumen, constriction of the projection, and detachment of it from the cell. This mechanism generally causes the removal of the entire projection all at once by decapitation at its base; some variations of this process have been found, however, and are described in the present work.A double membrane, apparently separating the apical protrusion from the rest of the cell, is noticeable in our photographs. Nevertheless, even if this membrane is very similar to a demarcation layer, we consider it as an intercellular double membrane separating two obliquely sectioned cells.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 26
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    A histochemical analysis of polyanionic compounds found in the extracellular matrix encountered by migrating cephalic neural crest cells (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 401-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Neural crest cells destined to form craniofacial primordia initially are “seeded” into and subsequently migrate through the extracellular matrix (ECM) of a cell free space (CFS) between the surface ectoderm and the underlying mesoderm. Utilizing histochemical procedures for polyanionic compounds, we have demonstrated that both sulfated and nonsulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are present in the CFS of the cephalic region of the chick embryo and that their distribution and structural organization vary with the passage of neural crest or mesodermally derived (MD) mesenchymal cells through it. In stages 7 and 8 embryos a predominance of fine filamentous strands composed primarily of nonsulfated, carboxyl-rich GAG is seen spanning intercellular spaces between adjacent tissues and MD mesenchymal cells. In older embryos (stages 9 and 10) much of the filamentous material is replaced by coarse fibrillar strands or amorphous material which coats the surfaces of MD mesenchymal and neural crest cells as they invade the CFS. Using enzymatic digestions (Streptomyces and testicular hyaluronidase) and the critical electrolyte concentration procedure, data suggest that the fine filamentous matrix onto which the neural crest cells migrate consists mainly of hyaluronate with lesser amounts of chondroitin and some sulfated GAG present. The coarse fibrillar matrix that appears after passage of either neural crest or MD mesenchymal cells through the original CFS contains strongly sulfated polyanionic material, predominantly chondroitin sulfates A, C. Since GAG is located ubiquitously within the ECM of embryos at various stages, the role of GAG, if any, in the transfer of developmental information may be of a general nature (ie, stimulus of motility) rather than of specific morphogenetic cues (for specific differentiation into craniofacial primordia).
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960405
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  • 27
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    Serous cysts of the aging guinea pig ovary. III. Permeability of the cyst epithelium to lanthanum and horseradish peroxidase (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 213-219 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The permeability of the epithelium lining serous cysts of the guinea pig ovary was examined using lanthanum and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Both lanthanum and HRP introduced at the luminal surface of the cyst penetrated to the basal region filling caveolae in both lateral and basal cell surfaces. Within three minutes of vascular infusion of HRP, the tracer was detected between epithelial cells and in caveolae on their lateral and basal surfaces but not associated with intracellular organelles. There was no change in the intracellular distribution of HRP after ten minutes. It was concluded that the epithelium was permeable to the tracers within this time period but that pinocytosis and transport of these tracers through the epithelial cell were not demonstrated.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970210
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  • 28
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    Masthead (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970201
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  • 29
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    Effects of estrogen and androgen on the ultrastructure of secretory granules and intercellular junctions in regressed canine prostate (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 111-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Epithelial cells in the prostate of the castrated or hypophysectomized dog were studied by thin-section and freeze-fracture electron microscopy to determine in vivo responses to estradiol-17β 17-cyclopentylpropionate (ECP) and testosterone cyclopentylpropionate (TCP). Particular attention was given to changes in specific organelles and intercellular junctions that might reflect hormone action. The few secretory granules that remain in the regressed epithelium (vestigial granules) serve as markers of prior androgen responsiveness. Pharmacologic doses of ECP caused regressed glandular cells to acquire a novel phenotype. Characteristic features of these estrogen-modified glandular (EMG) cells are newly formed secretory granules and tonofilament bundles that coexist with vestigial granules, thus demonstrating bipotentiality of response. Glandular cell-tight junctions appear unaltered by the endocrine manipulations. Although EMG cells have squamous cell features, tight junctions remain intact. Desmosomes in the canine prostate are dimorphic and are classified 70F and 100F according to the width of the filaments that converge on the dense plaques. In intact dogs, 100F desmosomes are associated with basal-reserve cells, whereas only the 70F variety is found between glandular cells. TCP treatment does not alter this distribution. Following ECP administration, both 70F and 100F desmosomes are present between EMG cells. The coexistence of newly formed secretory granules and tonofilaments of 100F desmosomes in the same EMG cell represents estrogen-induced bidirectional differentiation. Our findings indicate that androgens and estrogens are individually capable of controlling the expression of secretory granules and desmosomes. In intact animals, male and female sex hormones may act in concert to direct epithelial cell differentiation of the prostate.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970202
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  • 30
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    Immunocytochemical analysis of prolactin production by monolayer cultures of GH3 rat anterior pituitary tumor cells: I. Long-term effects of stimulation with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 153-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulates prolactin production in cultured GH3 rat anterior pituitary tumor cells. For correlation of cell-by-cell prolactin distribution and intracellular hormone concentration, GH3 cells were grown to plateau-phase density on glass coverslips in plastic dishes. Acetone-fixed, cell-bearing coverslips were stained for prolactin by an immunoglobulin-peroxidase bridge technique (Mason et al., '69); cells on the plastic dishes were assayed for prolactin (microcomplement fixation immunoassay, Tashjian, '73) and protein content. Intracellular prolactin, unaffected quantitatively by acetone fixation and choice of substratum, was localized immunocytochemically by a granular brown precipitate, abolished if anti-prolactin serum was preabsorbed with rat prolactin or omitted from the protocol. Intracellular prolactin was maximized with colchicine (5.0 × 10-6 M; final 3 hr of incubation) in control and TRH-treated (10 ng/ml; 48 hr) GH3 cell cultures. A total of 8,500 cells were classified by light microscopy as unstained, heavily (H) or moderately (M) stained for prolactin. In controls, 35% of cells were prolactin-positive: 6% H and 29% M. After TRH, 45% were positive: 7% H and 38% M. Although prolactin-positive cells were unevenly distributed, comprising 25% to 46% of cells in individual microscopic fields in controls, TRH increased the proportion of M cells in all areas. TRH treatment raised prolactin levels to 450% of control, but mathematical analysis attributed less than 30% of the increase to new prolactin-positive cells. We conclude that TRH acts on GH3 cultures principally by raising the mean hormone content of individual positive cells rather than by increasing the proportion of cells committed to prolactin production.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970205
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  • 31
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    A random arrangement of albumin-containing hepatocytes seen with histo-immunologic methods. II. Conditions that produce the artifact (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 195-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The cellular immunolocalization of albumin in rat liver has been studied as a function of various physiological and physical conditions. Our observations show that the prime requisite for accurate immunolocalization of albumin and other hepatic-based proteins is the complete removal of blood and especially plasma from sinusoids and the perisinusoidal space of Disse prior to fixation.Fixation of blood-filled liver specimens results in the antifactual entrance of plasma constituents into hepatocytes. When the fixative used is formaldehyde, the artifactual uptake occurs primarily into hepatocytes that have a high glycogen content. Fixation of blood-filled liver with acetic acid-ethanol causes a massive influx of plasma into all hepatocytes. On the contrary, with blood-free liver, varying the type of fixative consistently demonstrates that all hepatocytes normally contain albumin, transferrin, and fibrinogen simultaneously.Increasing the time between cessation of blood flow and outright fixation by either withholding the fixative or by impeding its diffusion through the specimen causes a progressive loss of antigenicity of albumin. The same result ensues when specimens remain in contact with the fixative for an extended time.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970208
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  • 32
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    Placental permeability during early gestation in the hamster. Electron microscopic observations using horseradish peroxidase as a macromolecular tracer (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 221-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The permeabilities of the parietal yolk sac placenta and the preplacental region of the hamster conceptus during early postimplantation (day 8) were compared by means of electron microscopy and a macromolecular protein tracer, horseradish peroxidase (HRP). HRP was administered by injection into the maternal venous system; samples of the two placental tissues were obtained for examination at intervals between 4 minutes and 1 hour later. The three layers of the parietal yolk sac wall (from outer to inner: capsular trophoblast, Reichert's membrane, parietal endoderm) appeared to provide little impediment to the passage of HRP from perivitelline maternal blood spaces to the yolk sac cavity. HRP passed through the outer trophoblast layer, both by way of intracellular fenestrae (60-200 nm diameter) and narrower intercellular channels, and completely permeated the meshwork of Reichert's membrane within minutes after injection. The inner parietal endoderm cell layer was widely discontinuous and clearly presented no barrier to HRP movement. HRP reaching the yolk sac cavity was avidly endocytosed by the visceral yolk sac epithelium. In contrast to the parietal yolk sac, the preplacental region of the conceptus was impermeable to HRP. Zonular occluding junctions located between contiguous cells of the chorionic ectoderm layer of the preplacenta were the obvious barrier to the HRP molecules. These results suggest that in this rodent species, during the early postimplantation period of gestation, the parietal yolk sac placenta potentially plays a more important role in the maternal-embryonic transfer of macromolecular substances than does the preplacenta.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970211
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  • 33
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    Masthead (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970301
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  • 34
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    Masthead (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970401
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  • 35
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    The myelinated fibers of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve at the wrist in bonnet monkeys (Macaca radiata) and of some of its branches to the hand (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 387-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In order to estimate the peripheral nervous correlates concerning the motor performance of the hand, the myelinated fibers of the deep ulnar nerve and some of its branches to the intrinsic muscles of the monkey (Macaca radiata) hand have been enumerated and their caliber spectra plotted. The content of the myelinated sensory fibers in the deep ulnar nerve was found to be 70% of the total. This high figure is attributable to the fact that 25-50% of the myelinated fibers in the deep ulnar nerve are destined to innervate the joints of the hand. Approximately 50% of the myelinated fibers in nerves to the intrinsic muscles of the hand were sensory.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970403
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  • 36
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    Muscle sarcomere length following passive jaw opening in the rabbit (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 435-440 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sarcomere lengths were measured microscopically in formalin-fixed jaw muscles of 14 rabbits divided into two groups; jaw open, and jaw closed. The measurements were compared by means of a nested analysis of variance. The sarcomeres of the jaw open group were longer in the masseter and temporalis muscles (jaw elevators) and shorter in the digastric muscle (jaw depressor) than were those of the jaw closed group. In the jaw closed position, sarcomeres in the deep portion of the masseter muscle become markedly shorter than those in the superficial part of the muscle. The values for sarcomere length in the masseter muscle of the jaw open group and the digastric of the jaw closed group are near the top of the ascending limb of isometric length-tension relation for the rabbit digastric muscle.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970407
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  • 37
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    Proliferation of epithelial cells in the adult primate choroid plexus (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 495-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An adult rhesus monkey was injected intraperitoneally with [H3] thymidine (2.3 μCi/gram body weight) and perfused 90 minutes later with a mixture of aldehydes. One and a half micrometer plastic sections were then cut and dipped into liquid emulsion for radioautography. Labeled cells were observed in the choroid plexus of the anterior lateral ventricle; cell identification was evaluated using electron micrographs taken from serial thin sections of reembedded. radioautographic 1.5-μm sections. The ultrastructure and location of both mitotic figures and labeled cells confirmed the presence of undifferentiated basal choroid plexus epithelial cells in the adult primate central nervous system.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970411
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  • 38
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    Masthead (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 198 (1980) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091980101
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  • 39
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    Growth patterns and hormonal profile of male rats with protein-calorie malnutrition (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 339-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A condition of protein-calorie malnutrition was precipitated in young Sprague-Dawley male rats at 20 days of age using an 8% low protein diet (LPD). At five-day intervals for up to 50 days of age, the rats were studied to determine the effect of an LPD on the reproductive axis of the endocrine system. Daily monitoring of the body weight, as well as the consumption of food, kilocalories, and protein was conducted. The same parameters were followed over the identical time peroid in a group of animals designated as controls which were fed a standard laboratory diet (SLD) containing 27% protein. The controls showed a linear growth rate over the 30-day experimental period. In comparison, the malnourished rats grew more slowly so that by 50 days of age, their mean body weight was 68.9 ± 3.1 g as compared to 249.1 ± 6.1 g for the controls. The daily food, kilocalorie, and protein intake by the experimental animals were also appreciably less. The pituitary gland, ventral prostate gland, testes and liver were smaller in the animals fed the LPD. This was observed as early as five days after initiating the dietary regimes and remained a consistent observation until the end of the experiment. In general, the absolute weights of these organs in the 50 day-old malnourished rats were similar to those found in 25 to 26 day-old animals fed the SLD. The relative weights of the pituitary gland and liver remained similar between the two animal groups. The testes and ventral prostate gland, however, were relatively smaller in the malnourished animals at nearly every time interval studied. On light microscopic examination of the testes, it was found that normal maturation of the germ cells failed to occur in all but one of the experimental animals, whereas maturation proceeded normally in the rats fed the SLD. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), and testosterone were lower in the malnourished animals at all ages studied. These hormones did not exhibit the fluctuations that were seen in the controls and are typical in rats that are becoming sexually mature. The effect of protein deficiency on the concentration of the pituitary gonadotrophins was more varied. FSH concentrations were consistently lower, PRL was moderately affected, and LH remained essentially unchanged. Hypothalamic LH-releasing hormone was measured and found to be significantly less in the rats fed the LPD at most of the time intervals examined. These results indicate that the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-gonadal axis is impaired when the consumption of proteins and calories is decreased. The possible involvement of extrahypothalamic centers in the control of hormone secretion in the protein-deficient rat is discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970308
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  • 40
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    Quantitative cell changes and vascularisation in the early corpus luteum of the pregnant rat (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 369-374 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Early corpora lutea (CL) of the rat were histologically examined on Day 1, 2, 4, and 6 of gestation. Measurements were taken of total volume and of the number of luteal and endothelial cells in one CL of both ovaries of five rats at each stage examined. CL volume increased over the 6 days from --0.76 to 1.39μl and peripheral plasma progesterone levels from 8.1 to 33.2 ng/ml. The number of luteal cells per CL (range 303,000 to 37,000) did not significantly change, and there was no evidence of mitosis or death amongst these cells. Luteal cell volume increased from 1.74 to 3.49 pl and nuclear volume from 0.25 to 0.38 pl, the former being the major cause of CL growth. The CL appeared to be richly vascularized, even on Day 1, and the number of endothelial cells per CL (range 289,000 to 354,000) remained relatively constant over the period examined.It was concluded that the number of luteal cells per CL is determined prior to or around ovulation in the rat and that subsequent growth of the CL is due to hypertrophy and not hyperplasia.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970311
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  • 41
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    Presynaptic bodies of auditory hair cells in old world monkeys (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 379-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Presynaptic bodies of auditory hair cells of Old World monkeys are separately differentiated in inner, as contrasted with outer, hair cells. The pre-synaptic bodies of outer cells are spherical and of variable electron density, and are thus similar to those of the labyrinth of vertebrates from fish to man. The difficulty in finding them, as compared with the relative ease of finding the presynaptic bodies of inner hair cells, suggests either that they are not present in all outer hair cells or that they undergo a regression-reconstitution cycle. The presynaptic bodies of simian inner hair cells are almost always ring-shaped. The few exceptions reinforce the impression of a later evolutionary development of the inner hair cell system. In any event, our findings serve to reemphasize the remarkable differentiation of outer and inner hair cell systems, and to deepen the mystery of their separate roles in audition.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970402
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  • 42
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    Rat ovarian mast cells: Distribution and cyclic changes (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 489-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Numerous tissue mast cells are present in the ovarian medulla and hilus and in the oviduct of rats. In the medulla, most of these mast cells are in the connective tissue of the stroma near blood and lymphatic vessels. During proestrus, many of the medullary mast cells totally degranulate and thus are not visible histochemically; they then regranulate during estrus. In contrast, the number of stainable mast cells in the ovarian hilus and oviduct does not change during the estrous cycle. Histofluorometric methods demonstrate that mast cells in the ovarian medulla and hilus, as well as the oviduct, contain histamine. In addition, the lining of small blood vessles in the ovarian medulla contains histamine. Thus, mast cell and blood vessel histamine secretion may play a role in ovarian function.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970410
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    Distribution of iron in the gastrointestinal tract of the common vampire bat: Evidence for macrophage-linked iron clearance (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 198 (1980), S. 183-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Iron in the tissues of the digestive tract of the common vampire bat (Desmodus rotundus) has been studied using histochemical, electron microscopic, and autoradiographic methods. This animal is an obligate sanguivore and has a daily intake of dietary iron 800 times that of man. The amount and distribution of tissue iron is not affected by either a single blood meal or starvation but does reflect the degree of siderosis of each animal's liver and spleen. By 7 days after the injection of a trace amount of 55Fe into the peritoneal cavity, labelled siderotic macrophages are present both on the serosa and within the walls of the stomach and intestine. In the lower intestine, such cells can be derived from the germinal centers of Peyer's patches. Siderotic macrophages are often situated in the lamina propria under areas of siderotic epithelium. Label is also present in the apical cytoplasm of mucosal epithelial cells, a region of abundant siderosomes. The ultrastructure of these organelles is extremely variable. Accumulations of membranous whorls and stacks, “stippled bodies,” ferritin molecules, and larger “ferruginous” complexes are bounded by one or a number of membranes. Iron is excreted when these epithelial cells are desquamated into the gut lumen. Similar Prussian blue-positive granules are present in the feces. Unlike other glandular cells, the parietal cells of the fundic caecum are siderotic. Their cytoplasm contains abundant siderosomes and ferritin with accumulations of amembranous ferritin bodies in the intracellular canalicular spaces. Prussian blue-positive granules are present in the lumens of fundic glands.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091980206
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  • 44
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    Electronic Resource
    Effects of orchidectomy on the adrenal macrophage system (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 198 (1980), S. 209-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Macrophages of the adrenal cortex were studied in normal and orchidectomized rats. In normal rats, few macrophages with numerous cytoplasmic granules were observed, mainly in the zona reticularis. Granules were limited by a single membrane and contained either a finely granular dense matrix or heterogeneous materials made up of electron-lucent parts, dark granular and membranous areas. An aminotriazole-resistant peroxidatic activity was confined to the dense granules. In orchidectomized rats, the number of macrophages was markedly increased, and the cells were concentrated at the border between the zonae fasciculata and reticularis and disseminated throughout the zona reticularis. Lysosomes were more numerous in each macrophage, and those of heterogeneous matrix were larger and their contents were more complex than in normal rats. These results show that orchidectomy stimulates the adrenal macrophage system.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091980208
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  • 45
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    Heterogeneity of tight junction morphology in extrapulmonary and intrapulmonary airways of the rat (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 198 (1980), S. 193-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the present study morphology of tight junctions was related to the various cell types lining extrapulmonary and intrapulmonary airways of the rat. Freeze fracture replicas were prepared from extrapulmonary airway epithelium derived from the cartilagenous and membranous sides of upper, middle, and lower thirds of the trachea. Intrapulmonary airway epithelium was obtained from airways 〈 1 mm in diameter. Tight junction fibrils on the P fracture face were organized into three types of patterns. Type 1: parallel, sparsely interconnected lumenal fibrils with large ablumenal fibril loops. Type 2: richly interconnected lumenal fibrils with large ablumenal fibril loops. Type 3: narrow network of interconnected fibrils. On the E fracture face complementary grooves were organized in a similar pattern. Ciliated cells on both sides and all levels of the trachea were associated with type 1 junctions. In intrapulmonary airways, however, the junctional pattern of ciliated cells changed to type 2. Brush cells at all levels of the airways were bounded by type 2 and occasionally by type 1 junctions. Secretory cell junctions displayed the following patterns: Mucous cells were bounded solely by type 3, serous cells by either types 2 or 3, and Clara cells predominantly by type 2. Cells tentatively identified as intermediate cells displayed all three junctional patterns. The number of parallel fibrils comprising tight junctions was higher in extrapulmonary as compared to intrapulmonary airways. No difference was seen in the various locations sampled in the trachea. Gap junctions were observed between secretory cells of extrapulmonary but not intrapulmonary airways. These observations are discussed in relation to current physiologic data.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091980207
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  • 46
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    Differential changes in cartilage cell proliferation and cell density in the rat craniofacial complex during secondary palate development (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 198 (1980), S. 219-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: During mammalian secondary palate formation sagittal growth of the lower face has been shown to be more rapid than that of the upper face, and the tongue and mandible extend beneath the primary palate. In order to identify factors contributing to this differential growth pattern, cellular and morphologic growth of the major cartilages of the upper and lower facial regions were studied in radioautographic sections labeled with tritiated thymidine. Evaluation of cell-density recordings, labeling indices, and structural dimensions revealed significant differences between Meckel's cartilage in the lower face, and the nasal cartilage and anterior cranial base cartilage in the upper face. After formation of the precartilaginous blastema, labeling indices were high in Meckel's cartilage (20-30%), but very low in the nasal cartilage and the anterior cranial base (0-2%). During secondary palate formation of the volume of Meckel's cartilage increased more rapidly than the other cartilages and its growth was primarily in the sagittal direction. Between days 15 and 17, the increase in the length of Meckel's cartilage (165%) was approximately twice as great as the increase in the combined length of the nasal cartilage and the anterior cranial base (77%). During this period induction of cleft palate with some teratogens has been shown to severely retard growth of Meckel's cartilage and produce mandibular retrognathia that contributes to delayed elevation of the palatal shelves. Therefore, extensive cell proliferation in Meckel's cartilage, during a period of limited proliferation in other craniofacial cartilages, appears to contribute to its rapid growth and its differential sensitivity to growth inhibition.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091980209
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  • 47
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    Masthead (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960101
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  • 48
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    Connective tissue arrangement in respiratory airways (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 198 (1980), S. 245-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Connective tissue provides dynamic stability to the architecture and mechanical function of the lungs. This study examines the parenchymal connective tissue components of the alveolar ducts, their associated respiratory bronchioles and respective alveoli. Thick sections 100μ and 200μ, and serial sections at 8μ of lungs of different ages were examined histologically after fixation in distention. The varying proportions and spatial architecture of the collagen and elastic fibers and the packing and spatial interrelationships of alveoli were studied using graphic serial reconstruction. Alveolar mouths typically have a polygonal configuration as they arise from the airways. Denser connective tissue passes through the polygonal array and forms a helix encircling the airway. Polygonal packing of alveolar mouths provides a mechanically stable ductular structure with conservation of materials. A helical modification of the polygonal arrangement permits reversible changes in linear and circumferential airway dimensions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091980211
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  • 49
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    A simultaneous comparison of the cells of blood, renal hilar and thoracic duct lymph in the dog (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 198 (1980), S. 255-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A simultaneous morphological and quantitative profile was obtained of the cells of blood, thoracic duct, and renal hilar lymph in the dog. Monolayer cytocentrifuged preparations were used to determine the number, type, and size of cells in the three compartments. The cell count of renal lymph was not related to that of blood or thoracic duct lymph. There was a greater percentage of lymphoid cells in the afferent lymph than could be accounted for by the random movement of cells from the blood to the lymph. Thus, there appeared to be a selective transit of cells from blood to lymph. Monocytes and neutrophils were largely absent from the thoracic duct lymph; however, eosinophils were present. Cells were observed in hilar lymph that were characteristic of cells subjected to antigenic stimulation. It was concluded that lymphocytes have a preferential pathway from blood to lymphatic and in the course of this pathway they undergo a change which is consistent with an active immunological role.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091980212
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  • 50
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    Proceedings of the American Association of Anatomists ninety-third meeting (327-397) (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 198 (1980), S. 327-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091980214
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  • 51
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    The renal cortical lymphatic system in dogs with unimpeded lymph and urine flow (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 198 (1980), S. 427-438 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The distribution and extent of the lymphatic circulation in the renal cortex was analyzed in three dogs under conditions of unimpeded lymph and urine flow. The kidneys were drip fixed with acrolein in vivo, and cortical tissue strips were prepared for light and electron microscopic examination. Analysis of 90 tissue strips revealed 38 cortical lymphatics, one third of which were intralobular in position. The intralobular lymphatic capillaries were related primarily to tubules, afferent arterioles, or renal corpuscles. The remainder of the lymphatics were located in interlobular connective tissue areas in association with the interlobular blood vessels. Interlobular lymphatics had a surface area twice that of intralobular vessels. Stereological analysis was used to estimate the volume density of the components of the renal cortex. The volume density of lymphatics was found to be 0.0014, but because of the relative infrequency of lymphatics, this value was considered to be approximate. The volume density data for non-lymphatic renal components were found to be in close agreement with published data. From these volume density values it was concluded that the volume of cortical lymph in a functioning dog kidney is equivalent to about 1% of the volume of blood in the cortical peritubular capillaries.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091980305
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  • 52
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    The autonomic innervation of the human urinary bladder, bladder neck and urethra: A histochemical study (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 198 (1980), S. 439-447 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The autonomic innervation of smooth muscle in fresh biopsy specimens of the human urinary bladder, bladder neck and urethra has been examined using specific neurohistochemical techniques. Acetylcholinesterase-containing nerve fibers have been demonstrated amongst the smooth muscle cells in all the biopsy samples. Enzyme-positive fibers formed a plexus, the density of which varied dependent upon the region from which the biopsy material was obtained. Catecholamine (noradrenaline)-containing autonomic nerve fibers were observed amongst smooth muscle cells of the vesico-urethra junction; other than for perivascular nerve plexuses. Noradrenergic fibers were absent from biopsy samples of other regions. Juxtamural, acetylcholinesterase-positive neurones were present in some samples, and a proportion of these cell bodies were closely related to noradrenergic nerve terminal regions. These findings are discussed in relation to those of other workers who have examined the innervation of the mammalian lower urinary tract.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091980306
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  • 53
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    Morphological characteristics of cells with apical nuclei in the initial segment of the adult rat epididymis (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 285-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The cytology of epithelial cells with apical nuclei in the initial segment of the rat epididymis was studied with the light and electron microscopes. Two types of cells were distinguished and were designated apical cells and narrow cells. The apical cells are more numerous than the narrow cells and closely resemble principal cells except for the location of the nucleus. They probably correspond to the apical cells of Reid and Cleland (′57) and may represent a variation of the principal cell. The narrow cells differ markedly from the apical cells in both light microscopic appearance and fine structure. Narrow cells stain intensely with toluidine blue and are characterized by a slender shape, many mitochondria with tubular cristae, and a large number of apical cup-shaped cytoplasmic vesicles. The possible relationship of narrow cells to other cell types is discussed.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960304
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  • 54
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    Morphometry of tubular bodies in endothelial cells in normal, stable isolated perfused, and edematous dog lungs (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 295-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The volume densities and dimensions of tubular bodies (Weibel-Palade bodies) in dog pulmonary capillary endothelial cells were examined by means of stratified random sampling and electron microscopic morphometry. The mean volume density of tubular bodies in normal (control) lungs was 0.43 ± 0.29%. The mean volume densities of tubular bodies in stable, isolated lungs perfused for 1/2 hour, 1 hour, and 2 hours and in lungs made edematous by increasing hydrostatic pressure or by decreasing oncotic pressure did not vary significantly from that of normal lungs. The mean thickness of the endothelium measured at the middle of the tubular bodies of normal dog lungs was nearly twice the mean thickness of the overall capillary endothelial cell sample. The mean endothelial thickness across tubular bodies from stable and from edematous isolated perfused lungs did not differ significantly from that of the control group. The mean width of tubular bodies from normal dog lungs was 0.25 ± 0.06 μm and the mean length was 0.81 ± 0.61 μm. The mean widths and lengths of tubular bodies from stable and from edematous isolated perfused dog lung endothelial cells did not differ statistically from those of normal dog lungs. Thirty percent of the tubular bodies in the sample were found to be adjacent to a mitochondrion in the same plane of section. Tubular bodies contained both tightly packed and loosely grouped tubules. It is concluded that the tubular bodies in canine pulmonary endothelial cells remain stable during the perfusion of isolated lungs and in oncotic and hydrostatic edema of isolated perfused lungs.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960305
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  • 55
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    Morphology of the guinea pig respiratory tract (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 313-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A morphologic description of the airways of the guinea pig was developed from measurements of casts of the lungs and nasal cavity and from measurements of frozen sections of the lungs. The lengths, diameters, branching pattern, and numbers of elements of the respiratory tract formed the basis for a representative model of the system. The brainching pattern is irregular to the pulmonary region but regularly dichotomous thereafter. The nasopharyngeal-tracheobronchial region contributes 2.64 cm3 of the total respiratory volume of 21.62 cm3. The alveoli contribute 16.31 cm3 of the 18.98 cm3 pulmonary region. The nasal region consist of convoluted and irregular airways with a functional volume of 0.48 cm3.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960307
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  • 56
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    Surface area ratios. III. A stereological method for estimating relative changes in average hepatocytes (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 323-331 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Stereological information seems to be most interpretable, with respect to experimental changes, when related to an average cell. Current methods for obtaining an average cell volume essentially consist of dividing an aggregate volume of cells by the number of nuclei therein, assuming one nucleus per cell (Loud, ′68). Hepatocytes represent a somewhat special case, however, in that some are binucleated. Since the number of hepatocytes in one cm3 of tissue is less than the number of hepatocyte nuclei in the same cm3, dividing the hepatocytic volume by the number of nuclei gives only an average “mononuclear” hepatocyte. Such an estimate creates two interpretation difficulties: (1) the volume of an average mononuclear hepatocyte is less than that of an average hepatocyte; and (2) changes in the proportion of binucleated cells may compromise the “relative comparisons” for which the method was originally intended. The purpose of this study is to describe a new approach that can avoid these difficulties altogether, and then to assess the errors associated with the average mononuclear hepatocyte estimates. This was accomplished by combining a surface area ratio method, which can detect average cell changes without being influenced by binucleated cells, with the method of Loud (′68), which is affected as described above. The experimental model was the rat liver (n = 20) recovering for 3 days from 5 daily injections of sodium phenobarbital (100 mg/kg). The results indicate that changes in the average cell volumes for the two methods have similar slopes, but by not accounting for binucleated cells, the average mononuclear hepatocyte reference overestimates average hepatocytic volume changes by 63.1%. Similarly, the mononuclear hepatocyte reference overestimates changes in the surface areas of the ER by 32.1% (range = 26.1% to 39.1%), the SER by 21.6% (range = 14.3 to 30.1%), and the RER by 65.1% (range = 54.6% to 76.4%).
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960308
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  • 57
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    The dependent and independent relationships between cytodifferentiation and morphogenesis in developing salivary gland secretory cells (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 341-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The mesenchymal capsule was removed from the epithelial anlage of 15 day (unbranched) and 16 day (initially branched) fetal rat submandibular gland (SMG) rudiments. The undifferentiated epithelial portion of the SMG rudiments was placed in tissue culture and examined by light and electron microscopy and histochemistry for secretory peroxidase. The 15 day fetal SMG epithelial rudiments failed to attach, and spread over the culture dish and degenerated by 3 days in culture. The 16 day epithelial rudiments attached to the dish and the cells spread radially from the explant. Mitotic activity was minimal. Cells spreading from the 16 day rudiments underwent cytodifferentiation, giving rise to two secretory cell types: (1) peroxidase containing “proacinar cells,” and (2) secretory “terminal tubule” cells. The results suggest that in the developing SMG, morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation are partially coupled but independently regulated processes. The earliest phases of morphogenesis (rudiment down growth and primary branching) seem to be required to initiate cytodifferentiation. Once initiated, cytodifferentiation can proceed in the absence of continued morphogenesis (tissue organizatation) or significant amounts of connective tissue elements.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960310
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  • 58
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    The blood supply to the splenic lymphatic nodules in the rhesus monkey (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 461-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The arterioles and capillaries supplying the lymphatic nodules and marginal zone (in part) in the rhesus monkey's spleen arise from a follicular artery branch of the central artery. This follicular artery first undergoes a series of convolutions and branchings, out of which a parallel array of tightly bound arterioles and capillaries, an anteriorlar capillary bundle (ACB), leading into the central part of the nodule is formed. From the proximal end, side, and distal end of the ACB, arterioles and capillaries radiate outward through the mantle zone of the nodule to terminate in the marginal zone. Some capillaries are formed within the bundle and others not until an arteriole nearly reaches the marginal zone.A similar ACB and capillary distribution is found in the human spleen. However, the supplying arteries, for the most part, come from recurrent penicillar arteries which pass close to the central artery before forming the bundle. This artery does not undergo the convolutions found in the rhesus monkey. In the monkey, the bundle contains a higher proportion of arteriolar vessels. It appears that in human and rhesus monkey spleens, the ACB replaces the internal capillary net of Jäger (′29).
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960411
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  • 59
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    Three-dimensional electron microscopy of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in the red muscle fiber of the rat diaphragm (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 33-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The three-dimensional arrangement of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in the red muscle fiber was studied both in thick sections of the rat diaphragm fixed in glutaraldehyde and impregnated with uranyl acetate followed by lead and copper citrate, and in thin sections of glutaraldehyde fixed tissue treated with ferrocyanide-reduced osmium. The mitochondria were located either at the periphery of the fiber, where they were spherical, or between the myofibrils, where they formed longitudinal columns of rectangular, slightly flattened elements. From both types of mitochondria, thin, elongated branches arose at right angles that formed transversely oriented mitochondrial pairs at the I band level. At the periphery of the fiber, the endoplasmic reticulum took the appearance of a subsarcolemmal network of tubular cisternae oriented parallel to the cell surface. In the juxtanuclear region, it was made up of spherical masses composed of tightly knitted tubules that were interconnected by more loosely anastomosed tubules. In between the myofibrils, it was composed of longitudinally oriented repetitive units whose structure varied according to their position in front of the A or I bands of the myofibrils. In front of the A band, the endoplasmic reticulum appeared as a single sheet of anastomotic tubules compressed between the adjacent myofibrils, whereas at the I band level, its tubular elements passed in front and behind the transverse expansions of the mitochondria to form an intricate multilayered network in front of the Z line.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970104
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  • 60
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    The stereoscanning electron microscopy and ultrastructural histochemistry of the avian and reptilian surfactant systems: Indian dove, desert spiny and taiwan golden skink lizards (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 63-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Lung tissues from the Indian dove, Scardafella inca, desert spiny lizard, Sceloporus magister, and the Taiwan golden skink lizard, Mabuya aurates, were studied by transmission electron microscopy utilizing ruthenium red as a carbohydrate stain and with the so-called lipid-carbohydrate retention procedures to elucidate the morphology of the surfactant systems. Stereoscopic scanning electron microscopic procedures were utilized for a comparative anatomical study of these three species, and the results were compared with the rat and frog in the companion article. The avian lung tissues demonstrated several peculiarities. The ciliated epithelial cells of the bronchus had cytoplasmic ciliated projections between the boundaries of mucus secreting cells. The discrete morphology of the main bronchus, secondary bronchi, parabronchi, and the air capillaries, and their three-dimensional morphologic perspective were elucidated. The skink illustrated an arrangement of primary, secondary, and tertiary septa, with elaborate tertiary septal pits, similar to the amphibian. All septa contained a solid connective tissue core. The desert lizard was similar to the skink except the tertiary septal pits were rudimentary. All three species had a modified great alveolar pneumocyte and a laminated surfactant which included a carbohydrate matrix material between layered phospholipid-based membranes. The ruthenium red additionally stained the homogeneous surface-lining material. A comparative analysis of the surfactant systems of these three species with each other, and with the rodent and amphibian in the companion article, were discussed in terms of phylogenetic origin.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970106
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  • 61
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    Intramedullary schwann cell development following x-irradiation of mid-thoracic and lumbosacral spinal cord levels in immature rats (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 85-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Intramedullary Schwann cells have been observed following x-irradiation of lumbosacral spinal cords in immature rats. The present investigation was designed to determine whether or not the development of intramedullary Schwann cells within the spinal cord could be influenced by the portion of the spinal cord exposed to radiation. Three groups of rats were irradiated when three days of age. In one group the irradiated zone was limited to a 5 mm length of mid-thoracic spinal cord (T only), in another group the irradiation was limited to a 5 mm length of lumbosacral spinal cord (L only), and in a third group 5 mm lengths of both mid-thoracic and lumbosacral spinal cord (T/L) were irradiated. All of these animals received a single exposure to 4000 R of soft x-rays (HVL 0.16 mm Al). Sham-irradiated littermates served as control animals. Groups of rats were killed at intervals from 9 through 60 days following irradiation, and the spinal cords were prepared for light microscopic examination. Schwann cells appeared in the lateral portion of the lumbosacral dorsal funiculi of L only and T/L irradiated spinal cords as early as 9 days post-irradiation. By 19 days post-irradiation Schwann cells occupied the lateral, medial, and deep medial portions of the dorsal funiculi in the lumbosacral areas. By 25 days post-irradiation Schwann cells were also observed in the dorsal gray horns. In contrast, Schwann cells were not observed in the midthoracic regions of T only and T/L irradiated rats until 11 days post-irradiation. The accumulation of these cells was not extensive, and, in general, the Schwann cells were confined to the lateral portion of the dorsal funiculi in all animals. These findings indicate that intramedullary Schwann cell development is influenced by the region of spinal cord irradiated in immature rats.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970108
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    Acrosomal and nuclear morphogenesis in ram spermatids: An experimental study of hypophysectomized and testosterone-supplemented animals (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 143-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An ultrastructural study of spermiogenesis was carried out in adult hypophysectomized rams supplemented with testosterone at a dose which induced a normal or excessive (1 to 3) concentration of the steroid within the rete testis fluid (Monet-Kuntz et al., '76). Most of the spermatids from 15- or 20-day treated animals displayed a normal nuclear appearance but possessed acrosomes with morphological abnormalities. The process of acrosome formation as well as its binding to the nucleus was severely impaired in young spermatids, whereas only morphological changes of the acrosomes were seen in old spermatids. The suggestion is made that acrosome development is under the control of endocrine-dependent cellular events occurring before the beginning of spermiogenesis, possibly via Sertoli cell/germ cell interactions. The spermatids from hypophysectomized rams supplemented with testosterone for 40 days were normal in appearance but reduced in number. The Sertoli cell ultrastructure differed for the two durations of treatment.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970204
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    Immunocytochemical analysis of prolactin production by monolayer cultures of GH3 rat anterior pituitary tumor cells: II. Variation in prolactin content of individual cell colonies, and dynamics of stimulation with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 163-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The preceeding report (Hoyt and Tashjian, '80) correlates immunocytochemical localizations and mean prolactin concentrations in GH3 monolayers maximally stimulated with TRH; the present does so over the duration of TRH treatment. Low density seeding produced numerous discrete GH3 cell colonies. Cultures were harvested ½, 4, 12, 24, 72, and 144 hr after administration of TRH (50 ng/ml) or saline (control). All cells (42,658 total) in at least 10 microscopic fields/monolayer, 1 cell colony/field, were classed as unstained, heavily (H), moderately (M), or weakly (W) stained for prolactin. In controls, colonies contained 51-91 prolactin-positive cells/100 of population. Colonies with few positive cells had many more W than M cells, and the reverse was true in those with many positive cells. In all colonies, the effect of TRH was biphasic. Initial (0-4 hr) release of prolactin was overlapped, beginning at 3-4 hr, by a progressive increase of intracellular hormone. After 144 hr, the prolactin content of treated cultures had increased to 190% of control, and prolactin-positive cells were more numerous (114% of control). These increases were lower than those reported in the preceeding paper after 48 hr of TRH treatment, when intracellular prolactin equalled 450% of control and positive cells equalled 129% of control. These inconsistencies reflect differences in the control level of prolactin production rather than in the absolute effects of TRH, which were virtually identical in the successive experiments. We conclude that: (1) TRH acts to alter hormone production in cells already making prolactin; (2) TRH increases somewhat the number of prolactin-containing cells; (3) the relative contribution of such “new” cells to increased hormone output depends on the basal level of prolactin production, which differs among individual GH3 cell colonies and varies over time in culture. This diversity does not diminish the usefulness of GH3 cells as biochemical models of hormone biosynthesis. It does hinder their valid morphological evaluation, which apparently must be controlled as carefully as biochemical experiments and should include immunocytochemical localizations, at least for the hormone at issue.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970206
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    Surface ultrastructure of the isolated avian notochord in vitro: The effect of the perinotochordal sheath (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 257-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The perinotochordal sheath (PNS) is a “tube” of extracellular matrix (ECM) that surrounds the avian notochord beginning in the second day of development. Somites, like the notochord, derive from chordamesoblast but are encased by a less substantial perisomitic matrix (PSM). Initially both tissue types exhibit epithelioid characteristics. Somitic cells subsequently disperse, however, while notochordal histoarchitecture is maintained until much later. To test the possible shape-preserving role of the PNS, notochords were isolated from chick embryos by homogenization (which retains the sheath) or by trypsinization (which removes the sheath). Somites were similarly isolated. Tissues were cultured 12-72 hours and studied by LM, SEM and TEM. Mechanically isolated notochords are initially rigid with smooth surfaces. During the culture period a few cells grow outward from cut ends of the notochord, but its overall rod shape and intact PNS are maintained. In contrast, uncultured trypsinized notochords are flaccid, denuded cylinders with numerous cytoplasmic blebs. They adhere to the substratum within 12 hours of culture when a few cells break away from the central tissue rod, migrate laterally, and appear mesenchymal. This cellular dispersion is directional (perpendicular to the long notochordal axis) and continuous (up to 72 hours). At this time a flattened ovoid growth area is formed. Cultured somites form flat circular growth areas within 12 hours of culture irrespective of the isolation method. These data suggest that the maintenance of an epithelial configuration by notochords in vivo may be due in part to physical restraints of the PNS. It seems possible that notochordal secretions (manifested by the formation of a PNS) could result in its compartmentation and axial confinement while its unrestrained somitic relatives are free to disperse.
    Additional Material: 29 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970213
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    A new organic solvent for use in the clearing of tissues. I. Soft tissue histology (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 283-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Histosol is a non-flammable solvent mixture of synthetic aromatic hydrocarbons with a flash point of 124°F (T.C.C.). It has a lower vapor pressure and evaporation rate than other organic solvents, such as xylene, routinely used as clearing and deparaffinizing agents. Although both xylene and Histosol clear and deparaffinize soft organ tissues effectively in the preparation of permanently mounted stained slides, Histosol appears, in many instances, to be the choice solvent: tissues are easier to section; cell bordrs and cell surface modifications are most distinct; cytoplasmic eosinophilia is more vivid; and nuclear detail is improved. Of prime importance, Histosol is a safer and more efficient solvent for use in histological and pathological laboratories.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970302
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    Further discussion of otolith mineralization (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 377-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970313
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    The use of potassium ferricyanide in neural fixation (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 297-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present study suggests a mixture of buffered osmic acid and 1.5% potassium ferricyanide as a post-fixation to improve the fixation of neural tissue. This procedure results in an improved preservation of membranes as well as cytoplasm and cytoplasmic organelles. It is to be emphasized that the quality of the initial perfusion is the primary determinant of quality of the fixation, but the addition of 1.5% potassium ferricyanide to post-fixation fluid makes good fixation better and allows data to be gathered from otherwise unusable material.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970304
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    The role of epithelial coliagen and proteoglycan in the initiation of osteogenesis by avian neural crest cells (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 305-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Osteogenesis was inhibited when mandibular processes from 3 1/2-day-old embryos were cultured in BUdR, LACA, α, αβ-Dipyridyl, 4-Methylumbelliferone, and 4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucoside or β-D-xyloside. Mandibular processes were then cultured in the test substances for 3 days, enzymatically separated into their epithelial and ectomesenchymal components, combined with mandibular components from untreated embryos, and either organ-cultured or grafted to chorioallantoic membranes of host embryos. Osteogenesis was inhibited when treated epithelium, but not when treated ectomesenchyme, was present in the tissue recombinations.Analysis of the known action of these inhibitors indicates that proliferation, hydroxylation of collagen, and synthesis of proteoglycans by epithelial cells are all necessary components of this osteogenic epithelial-ectomesenchymal interaction.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970305
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    The effects of desiccated thyroid on the rat lung (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 331-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pressure-volume characteristics of whole lungs were measured in euthyroid rats and in rats fed 0.4% desiccated thyroid for eight weeks. The lungs were degassed by incising the diaphragm after the animals had breathed 100% oxygen for ten minutes. The pressure-volume characteristics were measured by inflating and deflating the lungs at a rate of 3.5 cc/min. Total lung capacity (TLC) was considered to be that volume of air required to produce a transpulmonary pressure of 30 cm H2O. At TLC there was 35% greater lung volume in the thyroid-treated animals than in their littermate controls. Similar results were observed in saline-filled lungs. Alveolar surface area (Sa) increased from 0.28m2 in the lungs of control animals to 0.75m2 in lungs of thyroid-treated animals. There was an 85% increase in the alveolar surface density (Sva) in the thyroid-treated animals. These results, obtained by morphometric analysis, suggest that greater lung volume in the thyroid-treated animals resulted from alveolar hyperplasia or „partitioning“.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970307
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    Lung development and the pulmonary surfactant system: Hormonal influences (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 198 (1980), S. 13-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of hormones on developmental events is not a new area of scientific investigation. However, in the last decade, the developing lung has been the focus of an increasing amount of basic and applied research. Inadequate development of the newborn's respiratory system precludes extrauterine existence; indeed, such respiratory inadequacy has been a leading cause of death in premature infants. Tremendous strides have been made in understanding the basic cell biology of the developing lung. Much has been learned about the source, composition, and function of pulmonary surfactant, a surface-active material produced by the lung and essential to alveolar stability. Deficient stores of this material is a major etiologic factor in the respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn (RDS). This fact, coupled with observations that certain hormones can accelerate lung development and the consequent availability of adequate stores of pulmonary surfactant, has led to a large body of literature dealing with the effects of hormones (and other agents) on lung development. It is the purpose of this literature review (1) to discuss the various kinds of investigations which have linked surfactant synthesis to the type II pulmonary epithelial cell; and (2) to review the current status of research dealing with the effects of glucocorticoids and thyroid hormons on lung maturation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091980103
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    Cyclic variations in the oviductal ciliated cells during the menstrual cycle and after estrogen treatment in the pig-tailed monkey, Macaca nemestrina (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 198 (1980), S. 35-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The epithelium of the oviduct of the pig-tailed monkey, Macaca nemestrina was studied (1) to determine whether quantitative changes in the number of ciliated, deciliated, reciliating and nonciliated cells occur during the menstrual cycle and under certain experimental conditions and (2) to describe the ultrastructure of the ciliated and ciliogenic cells. The mean percentage of ciliated cells decreased from 48.2 in the fimbriae and 48.3 in the ampullae in the postovulatory stage to 7.7 and 18.8, respectively in the late luteal phase; these changes are significant as determined by Duncan's multiple range test. In the early follicular phase 3.9% of the cells in the fimbriae and 11.2% in the ampullae are ciliated, and the number of ciliogenic (deciliated and reciliating) cells is the highest of any time in the cycle in both the fimbrial (6.3%)and ampullar (8.4%)epithelium. In contrast, although the percentage of ciliated cells in the isthmus varies from 44.4 in the preovulatory phase to 34.3 in the early follicular phase, the differences between the various times in the cycle are not significant. However, in the late luteal phase, the values for the fimbriae and ampullae are significantly different from that of the isthmi. Ciliated cells constitute less than 1% of both the fimbrial and ampullar epithelium 2 ¾ years after ovariectomy, but 16.7 in the isthmic tissue. In ovariectomized monkeys treated for 7 or 12 days with estradiol benzoate reciliation occurs, but to a significantly lesser extent in the fimbriae and ampullae than in the pre- or postovulatory animals; the degree of reciliation in the isthmus is not different from the values noted during the cycle. The ultrastructure of ciliated, deciliated and reciliating cells is described. Of much interest is the finding of cytoplasmic protrusions containing variable numbers of ciliary axonemal complexes. It is postulated that such internalization of ciliary micotubules may represent one way in which deciliation may be accomplished.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091980104
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    Aspartame administration to the infant monkey: Hypothalamic morphology and plasma amino acid levels (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 198 (1980), S. 73-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Infant monkeys received 2 gm/kg body weight of aspartame (APM) or 2 gm/kg body weight APM plus 1 gm/kg body weight monosodium glutamate (MSG) by gastric tube. Blood samples were obtained at intervals over the ensuing 4 hours and analyzed for amino acid levels. At this time, each infant was perfused with glutaraldehyde. The hypothalamus was embedded in plastic and then serially sectioned at 1 μ.Hypothalamic morphology was normal in all eight infants given 2 gm/kg body weight APM and in the six infants given 2 gm/kg body weight APM plus 1 gm/kg body weight MSG. By light microscopy, no pycnotic nuclei, neuronal degeneration, or dendritic swelling was noted. In both experimental and control brains, localized areas of poor perfusion exhibited abnormal morphology. Elevated plasma levels of aspartate, glutamate, and phenylalanine indicated that the test compounds were administered and absorbed. Variable rates of absorption were evident, probably due to the necessity of administering APM as a slurry, due to its low solubility. On the basis of blood absorption curves, it appears that infant monkeys metabolize aspartate and glutamate and phenylalanine somewhat more rapidly than man.It is concluded that APM given alone or with MSG, in large acute doses, does not result in hypothalamic damage in the newborn monkey.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091980106
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    Craniofacial, occlusal, and masticatory anatomy in bats (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 198 (1980), S. 87-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Skull measurements from ten anatomically and behaviorally diverse genera of bats show marked variation in positioning of the face upon the cranium but a relative stability of the site of the mandibular fossa. Factors associated with maintaining occlusion in bats which exhibit dorsally-inclined maxillary toothrows include dorsally angulated mandibular bodies and elevated condyles. Detailed comparisons are made between the generalized morphology of Myotis lucifugus and anatomical extremes represented by Rhinolophus lepidus, Mormoops megalophylla, and Pteropus giganteus. In these four bats, masticatory movements of the teeth and temporomandibular joints, despite marked interspecific variation, appear to relate to a common pattern. The beginning of jaw opening is important for maximal occlusal shear, particularly in Pteropus. Observed differences in the histology of the temporomandibular joints reflect postulated differences of pressure patterns within them. Differences in skeletal and dental morphology, together with variations in size and orientation of masticatory muscles, could account for known and postulated differences in the four respective chewing patterns, with no major variation from the known muscle firing sequences of Myotis lucifugus. Basic patterns of interaction between central nervous system and masticatory musculature would therefore appear to have undergone minimal modification. This accords with the concept that neural control of mastication is a relatively conservative mechanism; as such, it would appear to have imposed significant limitation upon adaptive change in bats.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091980107
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    Phenobarbital-induced alterations of the rat adrenal cortex (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 198 (1980), S. 107-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To determine the morpholic changes in adrenocortices induced by chronic phenobarbital therapy, the male rats were orally administered the drug daily for varying periods up to three months. Fine structural changes attributable to the drug included mitochondrial pleomorphism and cavitation, loss of cholesterol ester clefts, reorganization of intracellular lipid, hypertrophy of the agranular endoplasmic reticulum and a juxtapositioning of the agranular endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and lipid droplets - all suggestive of an actively secreting cortex. The digitonin-glutaraldehyde reaction suggested an active translocation of free cholesterol from lipid droplets to the mitochondria and agranular endoplasmic reticulum following phenobarbital treatment. Phenobarbital appears to stimulate corticosteroidogenesis due in large part to enhanced hepatic corticoid metabolizing enzymes.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091980108
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    Fine structural and biochemical effects of aminoglutethimide and o,p′-DDD on rat adrenocortical carcinoma 494 and adrenals (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 198 (1980), S. 113-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rats bearing adrenocortical carcinoma 494 were injected daily for 7, 14, or 21 days with aminoglutethimide (AG) or o,p′-DDD. Reversibility of these steroidogenic inhibitors was determined by injecting other animals for either 14 or 21 days and sacrificing them 14 days later. While the drugs had little effect on body or tumor growth, plasma corticosterone levels were reduced a maximum of 88% in normal and 95% in tumor-bearing rats during AG chemotherapy. These levels were unaltered in normal rats by o,p′-DDD and reduced a maximum of 64% in tumor-bearing animals. Relative adrenal weights generally increased during chemotherapy and then returned to control levels. These changes were mainly due to alterations in the lipid and mitochondrial volume fractions. Lipid increased with both drugs while mitochondria increased with o,p′-DDD and decreased with AG. Cholesterol ester levels paralleled the lipid stereology more closely with AG than o,p′-DDD. With both drugs the most notable changes in tumor fine structure was a decrease in mitochondrial internal membranous vesicles and matrical density. Adrenal mitochondria had the irregular, elongated forms characteristic of tumor-bearing animals and were vacuolated (AG) or had internal rings (o,p′-DDD). The large lipid droplets observed during chemotherapy with both drugs were replaced by numerous small droplets in recovery periods.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091980109
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    Errata (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 197 (1980), S. 503-503 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091970412
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    Karl Ernest Mason, 1900-1978 (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 198 (1980), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091980102
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    A freeze-fracture study of the anterior and posterior latissimus dorsi muscles of the chicken (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 198 (1980), S. 147-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and T system of the anterior (tonic) and posterior (fast twitch) latissimus dorsi muscles of the chicken have been examined by the freeze-fracture technique, and quantitative data on the P and E fracture faces have been obtained.The fractured plasma membranes reveal (a) profiles of surface caveolae, (b) randomly distributed intramembranous particles ranging in size from 40-100 Å in diameter, and (c) orthogonal assemblies composed of groups of 60 Å particles in close association, and differences with respect to all three structures are present between the tonic (ALD) and fast twitch (PLD) muscles. In the ALD muscle, the surface caveolae are more uniformly distributed and have smaller openings than in the PLD muscle; the former muscle also has a two-fold higher caveolae density than the latter muscle. The intramembranous particles are more numerous in the ALD than in the PLD muscle in both fracture faces, but the orthogonal assemblies are fewer. The functional significance of these differences in the two fiber types are discussed.The fractured membranes of the SR have intramembranous particles (IMP's) approximately 80 Å in diameter, with a two-fold higher packing density in the PLD than in the ALD muscle. This difference is present in both the longitudinal and cisternal components of the SR. In addition, there are collar-like expansions (CLE's) in the SR of the ALD muscle which are particularly poor in intramembranous particles. These particles are considered to represent Ca2+ transport ATP-ase, and the reduced density of IMP's could be a significant factor in the low calcium uptake and slow relaxation characteristics of the ALD muscle.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091980203
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    Paul Gibbons Roofe, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus of Anatomy (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960102
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    Developmental history of nervus terminalis in embryos of insectivorous bats (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 23-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Insectivorous bat embryos (Tadarida and Myotis) ranging from 6-to 16-mm C-R length were examined for the presence of the nervus terminalis. These embryos have no vomeronasal nerve with which the nervus terminalis could be confused. The nerve and associated ganglion cells first appear in the 7-mm embryo. As the embryo ages, a gradual increase in nerve size and ganglion cell numbers occurs. In the 13-mm embryo, nerve size and ganglion cell numbers are reduced, and in older embryos both nerve and cells are absent, as in the adult. The ganglion cells arise as clusters from the nasal septal epithelium. The largest number of cell clusters occurs in the 10.5-mm embryo. Their number then decreases and none are present in embryos of 13-mm and longer. These cells migrate centrally along the course of the nerve which accompanies the olfactory nerve from the nasal cavity roof to a level just caudal to the olfactory bulb, where the nervus terminalis turns dorsalward along the medial telencephalic wall surface. Except in the youngest and oldest embryos the nervus terminalis, where present, divides into two or three branches to pierce the hemispheric wall, one usually entering the region of the nucleus olfactorious anterior, and the other(s), the region of the medial septal nucleus. In some cases, several ganglion cells are present along the intrahemispheric course of the nerve fibers. All ganglion cells resemble those in various sensory ganglia, and so, are probably also sensory neurons.
    Additional Material: 27 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960104
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    Roentgen cephalometric studies on skull development in rats. III. Gigantism versus acromegaly: Age differences in response to prolonged growth hormone administration (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 9-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Experimental conditions simulating the induction of clinical pituitary gigantism and acromegaly were established by prolonged administration of growth hormone in high dosage to adult male rats starting at two different ages: 6 months (growth still active) and 14½ months (growth virtually arrested). Treatment continued for 14½ months, controls receiving saline injections. Each group numbered eight at onset. Standardized x-rays of skull were made in ventro-dorsal and lateral planes, at onset, mid-period, and end of the study. Representative dimensions of cranial and facial segments were measured, including lengths, widths, palate dimensions, gnathic and interzygomatic angles, and incisor curvature. Some related indices were calculated. Means and standard errors were computed, usually on five to eight rats (oldest controls: three only). The response pattern of overall skull length was most illustrative. Younger adult controls grew actively until 14 months of age (5%) while injected rats grew still faster (8%); thereafter, controls grew negligibly (1%) and injected rats only slightly (2%). Older controls showed negligible skull elongation from 14½ to 29 months of age, and growth hormone stimulated no gain. In the younger group, skull length gains were almost entirely in the facial region; cranium gained no length and widened only slightly. Cranial index increased slightly with the hormone. Facial (bizygomatic) width increased in both injected groups - proportionately in younger rats (to gigantism) and disproportionately in older rats. Palatal and dental growth followed facial patterns in both groups. Cranial vault bones thickened and, in older rats, developed surface irregularities, giving them a more massive, acromegaloid structure.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960103
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    Ascending projections of the dorsal column in a garter snake (thamnophis siritalis): A degeneration study (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 37-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ascending axons in the dorsal column of garter snakes were examined following hemisection of the spinal cord at segment levels 2, 3, 4, 11, 13, and 31. After postoperative survival periods of 11 to 28 days, sections of the spinal cord and brain were processed with a silver method to demonstrate degenerated axons and preterminals.The study demonstrated that most ascending degenerated axons are located in the outer half of the dorsal column. The somatotopic pattern of ascending fibers is evident, whereby dorsomedial fibers are primarily of caudal origin and the more dorsolateral axons are from rostral cord segments. Rostral to segment 31, all spinal segments appear to project to a strip of dorsal column adjacent to the dorsal median septum. From the septum, axons descend to terminate somatotopically on cells of the nucleus of Bischoff located caudal to the obex of the medulla.Dorsal column degeneration ascends to the level of the dorsal column nuclei, where most fibers terminate. Degeneration from caudal cord segments terminates on caudo-medial cells of the dorsal column nuclei, while rostral cord segments project to rostro-lateral cells. The dorsal column nuclei consist of an expanded lateral part between tractus descendens trigemini and the vago-solitary complex, and a contiguous, thin medial lamina of cells dorsal and medial to the vagal nuclei. The somatotopic pattern of degeneration in the dorsal column nuclei, probably of dorsal root origin, follows the mammalian organization, which suggests that the garter snake has primitive nuclei gracilis and cuneatus. Other terminal sites of degenerating fibers, although probably of spinal gray origin, are nucleus commissura infima, nucleus descendens vestibuli, and area postrema.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960105
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    The origin of the extrinsic adrenergic innervation to the rat ovary (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 51-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cutting the suspensory ligament reduced the ovarian content of norepinephrine (NE) to less than half that of controls and only a few blood vessels had perivascular fibers and an occasional nerve remained in the interstitial gland. Cutting the ovarian plexus had a less drastic, but similar effect on the ovarian content of NE and on the pattern of ovarian adrenergic nerves. Cutting both the suspensory ligament and ovarian plexus eliminated visualization of ovarian adrenergic nerves, but some ovarian NE was still measurable. Fluorescence and electron microscopic studies of the suspensory liagament revealed a large adrenergic nerve embedded in smooth muscle of the ligament. The nerve was also acetylcholinesterase-positive. Cutting the celiac plexus or incising a small nerve lateral to the plexus and medial to the origin of the suspensory ligament, had the same effect on the ovarian adrenergic nerves as cutting the suspensory ligament. It is concluded that the extrinsic adrenergic nerves to the rat ovary reach the organ by two routes: one via the nerve in the suspensory ligament (superior ovarian nerve), and one via the traditionally described ovarian plexus along the ovarian artery.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960106
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  • 84
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    Neural crest and placodal contributions in the development of the glossopharyngeal-vagal complex in the chick (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 71-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: By using the method of quail-to-chick transplantation of neural crest in one series (VNG) and placodal ectoderm in a second series (VPG) we were able to determine the relative contribution of cranial neural crest and placodal ectoderm to the formation of the Glossopharyngeal-vagal complex. In chimeric embryos, quail cells originating from cranial neural crest grafts of postotic levels end up in the root ganglia, while quail cells originating from placodal ectoderm of postotic levels end up in the trunk ganglia. The results clearly indicate that the caudal levels of the medulla and rostral cervical segments represent the site, and the neural crest the source, for the neurons of the root ganglia. The neurons form a homogenous population of the small-cell type. This clearly rules out any contribution to the root ganglia from placodal ectoderm. On the basis of our experiments, it is also concluded that the neurons of the trunk ganglia are purely placodal in origin and are composed of a population of cells of the large-cell type. Our experiments also provide convincing evidence for a neural crest origin for Schwann cell and ganglionic Satellite cells.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960108
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    Morphologic abnormalities in the postnatal differentiation of CA1 pyramidal cells and granule cells in the hippocampal formation of the Ataxic mouse (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 61-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The postnatal differentiation of the hippocampal formation of the ataxic mouse was studied. Brains from ataxic mice (axJ/axJ) and littermate controls (+/?), from 19 to 51 days of age, were either impregnated according to a Golgi-Cox procedure or sectioned and stained with Weil-hematoxylin and Darrow Red. The hippocampus and dentate gyrus, although somewhat reduced in cross-sectional area in the ataxic brain, appeared to have a normal complement of both pyramidal cells and granule cells, respectively. Examination of Golgi-Cox material showed significant differences in the differentiation of the dendritic tree of both pyramidal and granule cells. At 41 days the height of the apical dendrite of CA1 pyramidal cells in the ataxic brain was 76% of the control value, and the width was only 35%. Similarly, the basal dendritic tree was narrower in the ataxic mouse. In the dentate gyrus of the 41-day ataxic brain, the height of the granule cell dendritic tree was only 74% of the control value. These and other alterations in the dendritic morphology of both CA1 pyramidal cells and granule cells can be explained by a lack of growth of the dendritic tree during the developmental period studied. These findings are discussed in relation to other studies on intrinsic and extrinsic factors and their effect on normal hippocampal differentiation.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960107
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    Gap junctions between cells of bone marrow: An ultrastructural study using tannic acid (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 101-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In bone marrow of the mouse perfused with fixative containing tannic acid and glutaraldehyde, gap junctions were observed between certain cell types. Gap junctions were seen between adjacent reticular cells, between adjacent macrophages, and between macrophages and reticular cells. Macrophages formed gap junctions with immature neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, and erythroblasts. Often a single macrophage had gap junctions with neutrophilic, eosinophilic, and monocytic cells; these blood cells varied from immature to nearly mature forms. In contrast, the macrophages associated with erythroblasts had gap junctions only with erythroblasts and all the erythroblasts were in the same developmental stage. The possible role of the gap junctions in differentiation and mobilization of marrow cells is discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960110
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    Evolution of the endoplasmic reticulum in the Sertoli cell cytoplasm encapsulating the heads of late spermatids in the rat (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 83-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Throughout stage VII and early stage VIII of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium, the heads of the late spermatids, located in a juxtaluminal position, are embedded in apical processes of Sertoli cells. These processes contain cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of two main types, i.e., flattened and tubular, which communicate with each other to form a continuous system. Throughout the long stage VII of the cycle, these two types of cisternae undergo marked changes. In early stage VII, the flattened cisternae, developing from the subsurface cisternae which compose the “junctional specialization,” form concentric sheets at the periphery and in the middle of each apical process. The less conspicuous tubular cisternae form a continuous network which is present in the bridge connecting the Sertoli cell body to the apical process, and extends along the dorsal and ventral aspects of the spermatid's head to end up as cup-shaped flattened cisternae capping the bulbs of the tubulobulbar complexes described by Russell and Clermont ('76). In mid stage VII, the flattened cisternae start to regress, while the tubular cisternae become more abundant. In late stage VII, only fragments of the flattened cisternae are present, while the tubular cisternae form a profuse and elaborate network throughout the apical process. In the following stage VIII, the tubular cisternae disperse and only remnants of ER are present at the time of the release of the spermatid into the tubular lumen. These transformations of ER cisternae suggest a complex alteration in the relationship between Sertoli cells and late spermatids prior to their release as spermatozoa.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960109
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    Genesis, ultrastructure and cytochemical study of the cat eosinophil (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 119-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Eosinophils from cat bone marrow and peripheral blood were studied by electron microscopy and cytochemical procedures. The maturation of eosinophils and formation of typical granules were described. Contrary to the accepted opinion that the core of animal's eosinophilic specific granules have a crystal-like structure, our observations revealed that the core has a myelin-like cylindrical appearance, whose layered formation proceeds from the inside outwards.Electron microscopic observations revealed that localization of reaction product to potassium pyroantimonate and phosphotungstic acid and to acid phosphatase activity was similar to that of eosinophils of man and other animals. Antimonate deposits and acid phosphatase activity were detected between the layers of the myelin-like structure of the core. Eosinophil granules failed to yield a positive reaction for peroxidase activity. The secretory activity of the eosinophil is discussed.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960202
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  • 89
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    Effects of age and dietary restriction on the kidney glomeruli of mice: Observations by scanning electron microscopy (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 145-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A study was undertaken to examine, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the kidney glomeruli of control mice 1 mo, 10 mo, and 24 mo of age, as well as dietarily restricted mice 10 mo and 24 mo of age. One month old female C57BL/6J mice were offered one of the following: (1) a control diet containing 24% protein fed ad lib; (2) the control diet fed on alternate days (intermittently fed); or (3) a diet containing 4% protein fed ad lib. Animals were sacrificed, by aldehyde perfusion at 1 mo, 10 mo, and 24 mo of age. The kidneys were sliced and prepared for SEM.There was a significant age-related increase in glomerular diameter and amount of microvilli on the podocyte surface (microvillus index). Although the diameters of the podocytes increased approximately 20% with age, these differences were not statistically significant. Feeding a 4% protein diet resulted in smaller diameters of glomeruli and podocytes as well as smaller microvilli indices as compared to those of control animals. Although similar differences were observed in the kidneys of intermittently fed animals, only the microvillus index was statistically significant. Therefore, dietary manipulations, which have been shown to increase life span, result in marked morphological differences when compared to control animals.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960204
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  • 90
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    A freeze-fracture study of intercellular junctions between various kinds of epithelial cells surrounding common endolymphatic space in the hearing organ of the chick (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 129-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Intercellular junctions between various epithelial cells in the hearing organ (basilar papilla) of the chick were studied with the freeze-fracture technique. The effects of hypertonic solutions on the intercellular junctions were also examined.The basilar papilla of the chick is primarily composed of hair cells and supporting cells in the neuroepithelium, specialized columnar cells (TMC) which attach to the tectorial membrane, and light cells (LC) and dark cells (DC) in the tegmentum vasculosum. All of these epithelial cells surround a common endolymphatic space. The tight junctions between hair and supporting cells, and those between adjacent supporting cells in the neuroepithelium are 0.1-0.3 μm in depth and display the usual network of branching and anastomosing strands of shared intramembrane proteins. The tight junctions in the tegmentum vasculosum have the same structure as in the neuroepithelium. In contrast, the tight junctions between the TMCs are extremely well developed: They are 1-2 μm in depth. In freeze-fracture replicas, they appear as a fingerprint pattern of unbranched parallel particulate strands, running both parallel and perpendicular to the cell surface. After exposure to hypertonic solutions, all the epithelial cells are shrunken and intercellular spaces are expanded; all tight junctions, however, are intact.Thus, tight junctions in the basilar papillae are resistant to dissociation by hypertonic solutions. The usual zonulae occuludentes in the neuropithelium and tegmentum vasculosum are thought to prevent diffusion of endolymph through the intercellular spaces of epithelial cells. However, the tight junctions on the TMCs may function not only as a diffusion barrier, but also provide structural support to the cells anchoring the tectorial membrane which receives mechanical forces induced by the vibration of the basilar membrane.Extensive gap junctions are found between all the supporting cells (supporting cells in the neuroepithelium, TMCs, and LCs in the tegmentum vasculosum) surrounding the endolymphatic space.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960203
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    Addenda (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 172-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960207
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  • 92
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    Modification of mitochondria-rich cells in different ionic conditions: Changes in cell morphology and cell number in the skin of xenopus laevis (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 153-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Xenopus laevis were kept in salt water (1.25% NaCl), distilled water, or tapwater for a month. Compared to the animals kept in tap water, the number of mitochondria-rich (MR) cells in the NaCl-adapted animals was significantly reduced, while it was increased in those maintained in distilled water. In addition, the MR-cells of NaCl-adapted animals lost their slender flask shape and developed large deposits of glycogen. The alteration of this cell type in conditions of high or low salinity may reflect a role of MR-cells in adaptation to different ionic environments.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960205
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  • 93
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    Structure of oxyntic cell membranes during conditions of rest and secretion of HCl as revealed by freeze-fracture (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 163-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The density and distribution of membrane associated particles of piglet oxyntic cell tubulovesicular and apical surface membranes were investigated during resting (nonsecreting) and secreting conditions. For the resting oxyntic cell, the abundant tubulovesicles showed a highly asymmetrical distribution of particles between fracture faces, with the P face heavily studded by particles and the E face particle deficient. The apical surface, however, had a relatively symmetrical distribution of particles on both membrane fracture faces. In contrast to the resting state, the apical surface of the stimulated oxyntic cell showed a marked asymmetry of membrane particles; the P face had a high density of particles, while there was a scarcity of particles on the E face. The observed changes in apical surface membrane particle distribution support the hypothesis that, following the initiation of acid secretion, the tubulovesicles fuse with and become an integral part of the apical surface. Thus, the apical membrane P face of the stimulated cell is enriched and the E face is diluted by the incorporation of tubulovesicular membranes.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960206
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  • 94
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    Distribution and morphometric quantitation of pancreatic endocrine cell types in the frog, rana pipiens (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 173-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cells reactive to anti-anglerfish insulin, anti-porcine glucagon, anti-synthetic somatostatin, and anti-bovine pancreatic polypeptide were identified in adult Rana pipiens male pancreases using peroxidase anti-peroxidase immunohistochemistry. Insulin positive cells are columnar shaped and arranged in cords. Glucagon positive and somatostatin positive cells are located around the core of insulin positive cells. Isolated cells and clusters of cells of only one cell type are also found. Adjacent sections stained with anti-glucagon and anti-bovine pancreatic polypeptide showed that glucagon positivity and pancreatic polypeptide positivity are found in the same cells. Comparison of double stained adjacent sections confirmed the presence of these two antigens in the same cells, and further showed the occasional presence of cells which are positive to only glucagon or pancreatic polypeptide. Staining of rat pancreas with these two antisera showed that glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide are present in two distinct cell populations.Morphometric quantitation of immunohistochemically stained sections of Rana pipiens pancreases showed that about 2% of the pancreas is endocrine tissue. Of this, 43% is compared of insulin positive cells, and 43% is occupied by glucagon-pancreatic polypeptide positive cells. Somatostatin positive cells occupy about 14% of the total islet volume.The presence of glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide in the same cell population in the frog, but in different cell populations in mammals, may reflect special functional adaptation in this species, or a close relation of these two hormones and their cells of production during evolution.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960208
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  • 95
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    Ultrastructural effects of riboflavin deficiency on rat hepatic mitochondria (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 183-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The hepatic mitochondria of rats fed a riboflavin-deficient diet were examined by electron microscopy. Discoidal mitochondria with elongated cristae increased in frequency from day 4 to day 12 of the test diet. At day 22, sheaves of closely packed cristae were present in many otherwise typical mitochondria. At day 53, numerous cupshaped mitochondria appeared; these often nested one inside the other. From this day onward, the mitochondria showed a tendency towards increasing size. By day 82, some had a diameter greater than 8 μm. These and other, smaller mitochondria often contained extremely prominent matrix granules. The production by riboflavin-deficiency of giant mitochondria in the rat liver appears to be unrelated to their capacity to carry out oxidative metabolism.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960209
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  • 96
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    Microtubule and microfilament populations of cell processes in the dental pulp (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 198 (1980), S. 421-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An attempt has been made to characterize the nature of the unidentified cell processes participating in gap junctions in the odontoblast layer. In peripheral and pulpal nerves, there is a strong relationship between axon caliber and microfilament and microtubule populations. This characteristic, together with the ratio of microtubules to microfilaments, has been measured and compared for four types of cell processes found in the dental pulp, including those participating in gap junctions. The processes taking part in the gap junctions cannot be distinguished from pulpal axons on the basis of microtubule-to-microfilament ratio nor on the relationship between microtubule and microfilament population and process caliber. While these findings do not prove that the “gap members” are nerve fibers, it does support the hypothesis that the processes taking part in gap junctions in the peripheral dental pulp are nerve fibers.
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    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091980304
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    The ultrastructure of Ruffini and Herbst corpuscles in the articular capsule of domestic pigeon (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 198 (1980), S. 681-692 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The present study identifies two types of sensory nerve endings in the articular capsule of the shoulder joint of domestic pigeons: Ruffini corpuscles (spray-like endings), and Herbst corpuscles. Ruffini corpuscles occur in the fibrous membrane of the articular capsule and consist of two to four branched cylindrical segments within a network of fascicles of collagen fibers. At the terminal ends of the cylinders the perineural sheaths of the capsule are deficient and surround the fascicles of collagen fibers. The axon terminals in each cylindrical segment of a Ruffini corpuscle repeatedly ramify, giving rise to delicate neurite profiles. These neurites and associated Schwann cells envelope small fascicles of collagen fibrils. Schwann cells cover only a part of the neurite profiles. The myelinated afferent axon enters the midregion of the cylinder and has a diameter of ∼3 μm. Herbst corpuscles are situated in the subsynovial connective tissue and in the transition zone between the fibrous membrane and the muscular fascia. They appear as elongated ovals in longitudinal section and round in cross section. Small corpuscles measure ∼5 μm × 200 μm in length and large ones ∼100 μm × 600 μm. Each has a myelinated afferent axon (diameter 2.5-7.5 μm) that terminates in one to three inner cores. The inner core contains the nonmyelinated receptor portion of the nerve fiber surrounded by numerous cytoplasmic lamellae, a subcapsular connective tissue space, and a perineural capsule of eight to 12 layers. Avian joint receptors are similar to those present in the skin of various birds and Ruffini corpuscles resemble in fine structure equivalent receptors in joint corpuscles of the domestic cat.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091980412
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960401
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  • 99
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    Electronic Resource
    The visualization of myosatellite cells in normal and denervated muscle: A new light microscopic staining technique (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 373-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A new light microscopic staining technique allows the visualization of satellite cells on the surface of myofibers. Either prior to or during fixation, whole frog sartorius muscles are bathed in an acidic buffered solution containing lead nitrate and subsequently exposed to ammonium sulfide. The staining of the satellite cells resulting from this procedure reveals their positions, and the outlines of their cell processes which occasionally branch. Electron microscopy shows that the staining is due to lead deposits localized between apposing membranes of satellite cells and associated myofibers. Prior exposure to N-ethyl-maleimide (NEM) does not alter the formation of the lead deposits on the satellite cell, but reduces the amount of Pb deposits on the muscle surface and connective tissue.This technique has been applied to determine the effects of denervation on the satellite cells of frog sartorius muscles. Four weeks after denervation, the number of satellite cells is essentially the same in both denervated muscles and the intact muscles of the contralateral side. However, denervation results in a subpopulation of satellite cells with altered shapes. They have elongated cytoplasmic processes which often branch. It is suggested that these supernumerary cytoplasmic processes represent an intermediate phase in the transition of satellite cells to myoblasts.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960403
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  • 100
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural evidence for seasonal changes in pinealocytes of the 13-lined ground squirrel, spermophilus tridecemlineatus: A qualitative and quantitative study (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 196 (1980), S. 387-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The fine structure of pinealocytes in the hibernating ground squirrel, Spermophilus tridecemlineatus, was found to vary both qualitatively and quantitatively according to the season in which the animals were sacrificed. Ultrastructural features of pinealocytes from fall (prehibernation) and winter (hibernation) periods, when the animals were sexually quiescent, included: (1) arrangement of the endoplasmic reticulum into flattened stacks or concentric rings (formations which have been implicated in antigonadotropic activity of the pineal); (2) condensations of a fine granular material; and (3) dilation of the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi bodies with an increased number of Golgi associated vesicles. Moreover, there was an apparent increase in the number of dense-cored vesicles and microtubules in pinealocytes of winter animals. These findings indicate that a circannual rhythm in pinealocyte ultrastructure occurs in this species and further suggest that cellular activity is seasonal.
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091960404
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