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  • 1980-1984  (953)
  • Ultrastructure  (541)
  • Gas chromatography  (412)
  • Nuclear reactions
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serotonin nerve fibers in the primary visual cortex of the monkey (1984)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 169 (1984), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Primary visual cortex ; Monkey ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A quantitative and immunoelectronmicroscopical analysis of serotonin nerve fibers in the primary visual cortex of the monkey (Macaca fuscata) was made using a sensitive immunoperoxidase method for serotonin. The overall numerical density of serotonin-containing varicosities in the primate striate cortex was approximately 770,000/mm3 and the highest concentration of immunore-active varicosities (ca. 1,400,000/mm3) was observed in the upper portion of layer IVc, the next highest concentration being in layer IVb (ca. 1,180,000/mm3). At the ultrastructural level, the electron dense immunoreactive products were observed in the small granules (10–65 nm in diameter). The varicosities were usually small (0.5–1.0 μm in diameter) and made contact with both stellate and pyramidal cells. Serotonin fibers were often in close apposition to the poorly myelinated axons in layers IVb, V, and VI, and they rarely formed distinct synaptic structures with unlabelled neuronal elements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300581
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The response of the uterine surface to ovarian hormones in the aged rat (1984)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 169 (1984), S. 205-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Rat uterus ; Epithelium ; Aging ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary By scanning electron microscopy uterine luminal epithelium of the rat was studied to determine whether aging alters ovarian hormone stimulated ultrastructural changes in that portion of the endometrial surface into which implantation takes place in the younger animal. Results show that in the aged rat this surface differentiates in response to ovarian hormones in a manner qualitatively similar to that which occurs in the young animal. Epithelial cells of ovariectomized rats, both young and aged, were polygonal in outline, flattened, or even somewhat concave, and had short microvilli. Following estrogen treatment cells of both groups were round or oval and bulged into the lumen. Cells of young rats were covered with long microvilli. Most cells of aged rats had microvilli of equal or greater length; a small number of epithelial cells had fewer and shorter microvilli. Cells of progesterone-treated young and aged animals both were covered with short microvilli and bore membrane protrusions. The protrusions varied in size, shape and numbers both within and between age groups. These findings suggest that differences in the surface ultrastructure of the aged uterus reflect age-related changes in hormone levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00303150
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the cumulus cell mass surrounding a human egg in the pronuclear stage (1984)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 170 (1984), S. 107-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Cumulus ; Oocyte complex ; Human egg
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cumulus cell mass enclosing a penetrated human egg was studied. The egg, recovered from the Fallopian tube approximately 80 h after luteinizing hormone peak and 35 h after insemination, was surrounded by a large, expanded and dissociated cumulus. Dispersions of the outermost cumulus cell layers occurred during processing, the innermost cell layers remained attached enclosing the egg. The photomicrographs showed that the follicular cells were embedded in an intercellular matrix and contact via gap-junction-like structures between neighboring cells existed. Cumulus cell processes traversing the zona pellucida were not found. Two types of follicular cells coexisted within the cumulus, light and dark cells. These cellular types, were different in morphology and size. Light cells displayed cytoplasmic organelles normally associated with protein synthesis and steroidogenesis. Dark cells with long cytoplasmic processes were involved in sperm phagocytosis. It is suggested from the characteristics of the cytoplasmic organclles that dark cells seem to be modified light follicular cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319465
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray microanalysis of monoaminergic terminals in the nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis of the chicken (1984)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 170 (1984), S. 87-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Monoamine ; X-ray microanalysis ; Ultrastructure ; Brain stem ; Chicken
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary X-ray microanalysis after aldehyde-chromatedichromate treatment served to confirm the presence of monoaminergic terminals in the nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis (NTD) of the chicken. The monoaminergic terminals were represented as neuronal elements with electron-dense vesicles (EDVs) of several different shapes as seen in Eponembedded semi-thin sections. Conventional electron microscopic observations of the adjacent ultra-thin sections showed the EDVs to be comprised of spherical medium-sized (about 80 nm in diameter), large dense-cored (about 120 nm) and elongated granular vesicles (100–220 nm) in the same nerve varicosities. It is probable that the NTD, being a center of catecholaminergic efferent projections, may also receive direct monoaminergic inputs from an unknown area of the brain and/or from recurrent collaterals of the same catecholamine-containing neurons in the NTD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00319462
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurofibromatosis tumor and skin cells in culture (1984)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 63 (1984), S. 269-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neurofibromatosis ; Cell culture ; Cell surface ; Cytoskeleton ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Structural proteins of cultured neurofibromatosis (NF) tumor and skin cells were studied with reference to control skin fibroblasts. In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE)/fluorography the banding patterns of the cell lysates were markedly similar. NF tumor cells, however, produced a 60 kD band with a stronger and a 48 kD band with a lighter protein staining and metabolic labeling intensity. Furthermore, skin cells were also characterized by a 26 kD protein and the tumor cells by a 22 kD protein with high metabolic labeling intensity. Neuraminidase/galactose oxidase/NaB3H4-labeled NF skin and control skin cells possessed a 220 kD protein that was less intensively labeled in the tumor cells. The banding pattern of the skin cells was also characterized by a protein with slightly lower molecular weight (86 kD) than that of the tumor cell lysates (90 kD). In all cell lines studied indirect immunofluorescence stainings revealed bright arrays of vimentin type intermediary filaments but no desmin, cytokeratin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), or neurofilament proteins. NF skin and control skin cells possessed well developed actin-containing bundles of microfilaments, while those of the tumor cells lacked a typical stress-fiber organization. The general morphology of the tumor cell cultures was also irregular. Transmission electron microscopy revealed no basic differences in the structure of intermediary filaments or microfilaments. The present data provide basic knowledge of neurofibromatosis skin and tumor cells and demonstrate that cultured cells originating from neurofibromas are defective in both their intracellular and extracellular organization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00687332
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural observation on a colloid cyst of the third ventricle (1984)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 65 (1984), S. 41-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Colloid cyst ; Third ventricle ; Ultrastructure ; Pathogenesis ; Rathke's cyst
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The case involves a colloid cyst of the third ventricle in a 20-year-old man. The lining epithelia of the cyst were composed of two different types of epithelial cells; stratified squamous cells and mucincontaining columnar cells. The presence of both squamous and glandular cells in the cyst wall supports the contention that the colloid cyst in the present case derived from an non-neuroepithelial source. The clinico-pathology of this cystic tumor is compared here with other epithelial cysts of the central nervous system (CNS), especially Rathke's cyst.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689826
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytoplasmic tubular inclusion in ganglioneuroma (1984)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 64 (1984), S. 81-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Ganglioneuroma ; Cytoplasmic tubular inclusion ; Smooth endoplasmic reticulum ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Unusual tubular inclusions were observed in the cytoplasm of ganglion cells of a mediastinal ganglioneuroma in a boy of 7 years. The inclusions consisted of an aggregation of about 100-nm-sized tubular structures resembling ‘honeycomb-like’ tubular structures in the axoplasm of rats and mice and suggested to be derived from dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum. These structures differ from profiles reported in normal and pathologic conditions and seem to be related to the neoplastic character of the ganglion cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695612
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of cerebellar capillary hemangioblastoma (1984)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 64 (1984), S. 308-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Angiogenesis ; Cerebellar hemangioblastoma ; Degranulation ; Heparin ; Mast cell ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The topographic distribution, population density, and ultrastructural features of mast cells were studied in six cases of cerebellar capillary hemangioblastoma. The vascular area of tumor tissue contained large numbers of mast cells (6.3 cells/high power field, ×400) in comparison with hyalinized area (0.3 cell) and adjacent cerebellar tissue (〈0.1 cell). Close association of mast cells with endothelial cells and stromal cells was found. The morphology of mast cell granules and their degranulation through dissolution of granule contents and exocytosis were illustrated. The findings suggest that an increased number of mast cells may represent one of the characteristic histological features of capillary hemangioblastoma, and continuous degranulation of mast cell granules with release of heparin may play an important pathophysiologic role in the vascular proliferation and expansion of the tumor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690396
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural and histophysiological studies on the blood-nerve barrier and perineurial barrier in leprosy neuropathy (1984)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 64 (1984), S. 282-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Blood-nerve Barrier ; Perineurial barrier ; Leprosy neuropathy ; Ultrastructure ; Ferritin ; Ageing ; Drug treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Onset and nature of ultrastructural changes in endoneurial vasa nervorum during the pathogenesis of leprosy neuropathy and possibly associated alterations in the “blood-nerve barrier” were investigated, together with perineurial barrier functioning, in mice infected 20–28 months previously withMycobacterium leprae and in (ageing) non-infected mice. Barriers were tested by i.v. administration of markers (Trypan blue and ferritin) 1–4 days before killing the mice. Twenty-eight months after infection, histopathology of sciatic nerves was comparable to that seen in sensory nerves in clinically early human (borderline-) lepromatous leprosy. Schwann cells and endoneurial macrophages were bacillated, endothelia of endoneurial vessels not, and the perineurium rarely. Many infected mice and all (ageing) controls possessed ultrastructurally and functionally normal endoneurial vessels. Their continuous endothelium with close junctions had prevented marker passage, even when surrounding endoneurial tissue cells were quite heavily bacillated. The perineurium was also normal. By contrast, in infected mice showing hind limb paralysis serious histopathologic involvement and large globi of bacilli intrafascicularly in sciatic nerves, endoneurial blood vessels were abnormal. Open endothelial junctions, extreme attenuation, fenestrations, and luminal protrusions were all features comparable to neural microangiopathy encountered in leprosy patients (Boddingius 1977a, b). The “blood-nerve barrier” clearly had become defective allowing excessive exudation of Trypan blue and ferritin, via four pathways from the vessel lumen, deep into surrounding endoneurial tissues but halted by a normal perineurial barrier. Markers in such “blue” nerves were not found in bacillated or non-bacillated Schwann cells, thus denying significant phagocytotic and lysosomal activities of Schwann cells at this stage of neuropathy. Possible implications of barrier performances for anti-leprosy drug treatment of patients are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690394
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paired twisted filaments a new ultrastructural marker of human pinealomas? (1984)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 65 (1984), S. 163-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Human pinealomas ; Ultrastructure ; Paired twisted filaments ; Paired helical filaments ; Cytoskeleton
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Paired twisted filaments (PTF) forming helices are described in tumor cells of three human pine-alomas. Each filament was 8.11±1.55 nm wide. The maximal width of the helix was 16.62±2.62 nm. The periodicity of the constrictions was 26.63±4.49 nm. These characteristics appeared original, suggesting protein, filaments possibly specific of pinealocytes. The similarities and discrepancies between PTF and Alzheimer's paired helical filaments (PHF) are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690471
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the wall of the Dandy-Walker cyst (1984)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 62 (1984), S. 225-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Dandy-Walker syndrome ; Dandy-Walker cyst ; Ependymal cell ; Ultrastructure ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the wall of the Dandy-Walker cyst has been described rarely. A boy aged 2 years was confirmed clinically, neuroradiologically, and operatively as having a Dandy-Walker cyst in the posterior fossa. The cyst wall obtained during surgery consisted of an outer arachnoid cell layer, intermediate interwoven neuroglial strands, and an inner layer of cells which lacked the characteristic appearance of ependyma. An unusual finding was a small, buried island of ependymal cells in the intermediate layer of the neuroglial tissue. Ultrastructural study of the cyst wall provides a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the Dandy-Walker syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00691856
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of the morphologic changes of both acute and chronic experimental myasthenia by monoclonal antibody directed against acetylcholine receptor (1984)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 63 (1984), S. 131-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody ; Experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis ; Monoclonal antibody ; Myasthenia gravis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To investigate pathogenic mechanisms in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) and myasthenia gravis (MG), we studied the acute and chronic effects in rats of injection of rat monoclonal antibodies (MCABs) directed against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR). Animals were severely weak 12 h after a single injection, at which time macrophages were found invading endplate regions of muscle and cholinesterase-stained regions were separted from the underlying muscle fibers. Ultrastructural studies showed findings identical to the acute phase of EAMG: degenerating postsynaptic membranes and invasion and phagocytosis of endplate regions by macrophages. Animals receiving sublethal doses of MCAB recovered clinically by 4–5 days after injection. Recovery was accompanied by a progressive decrease in the number of macrophages associated with endplates and reapposition to the myofibers of the cholinesterasestained regions. Animals injected once, or repeatedly over several months, remained clinically and electromyographically normal after recovery from the initial episode of weakness, but their endplate ultrastructure was highly simplified with blunted or absent synaptic folds and shallow or absent secondary synaptic clefts. These studies demonstrate that anti-AChR MCABs can induce the changes of both acute and chronic EAMG. There is good correlation between the inflammatory changes and the acute clinical disease but poor correlation between morphological and clinical parameters in the chronic syndrome. The latter observation suggests that severe ultrastructural changes, similar to those seen in chronic EAMG and MG, cannot account, at least in rats, for the clinical and electrophysiologic abnormalities of MG.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00697195
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The determination of environmental 2-ethoxyethanol by gas chromatography (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 55 (1984), S. 272-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: 2-Ethoxyethanol ; Teratogen ; Adsorption ; Desorption ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A gas Chromatographic procedure for the determination of 2-ethoxyethanol (C2H5OCH2CH2OH) was developed by using the general principles of analysis of solvent vapors. 2-Ethoxyethanol was sampled by adsorbing on activated carbon. It was desorbed with carbon disulfide plus 2-propanol (0.5%). The analytical column was packed with 10% free fatty acid phase on Chromosorb-P AW. The analysis was conducted at 130° C isothermal using a flame ionization detector. Addition of 2-propanol (0.5%) to carbon disulfide improved (P≤0.01) desorption of 2-ethoxyethanol adsorbed on activated carbon. The mean desorption efficiency of carbon disulfide plus 2-propanol (0.5%) was 87.9±2.86% (n=15). Based on a 101 air sample and detector sensitivity of 2×10−10AFS, the calculated limit of detection of 2-ethoxyethanol was 0.1 ppm. The precision (coefficient of variation) for this analytical procedure was 3.34% (n=12). In conclusion, 2-ethoxyethanol adsorbed on activated carbon can be desorbed with carbon disulfide plus 2-propanol (0.5%). Subsequently the desorbed 2-ethoxyethanol can be analyzed by gas chromatographic identification on 10% FFAP using a flame ionization detector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341025
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereoselectivity of enzymes involved in toxicity and detoxification of soman (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 55 (1984), S. 70-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Soman ; Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Cholinesterases ; Aliesterase ; Phosphorylphosphatase ; Toxicity ; Stereoselectivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The fate of the four stereoisomers of soman [0-(1,2,2-trimethylpropyl)-methyl-fluoro phosphonate] has been studied a) in vivo in mouse blood and liver after IP injection of 0.75 × LD50 Rc- and Sc-soman respectively, and b) in vitro upon incubation wih acetyl- und pseudocholinesterase, aliesterase and phosphorylphosphatase. The analytical method used is based on gas chromatography — mass spectrometry with deuterated internal standard. Most soman disappeared very rapidly from blood and liver. In liver, SCRP and RCRP, the two isomers that preferentially react with cholinesterase, could be detected. The level of SCRP, which was higher than that of RCRP, could be followed for 17–18 h. In blood only SCRP could be detected. The amounts found were fairly constant during the time period 2 min to 4h, and it could even be detected 17–18 h after soman administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316590
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural changes in rat Clara cells induced by a single dose of O,S,S-trimethyl phosphorodithioate (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 56 (1984), S. 59-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Trialkylphosphorothioates ; Rat ; Lung ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The oral administration of an LD50 dose (25 mg/kg) of O,S,S-trimethyl phosphorodithioate to rats induced immediate, cholinergic symptoms. A delayed respiratory crisis followed, 3–4 days later, involving a pronounced increase in lung weight and extensive injury to the alveolar epithelium. This compound also induced the immediate liberation of secretory granules from the Clara cells. Minor changes in the surface appearance of these cells were also observed but no signs of injury were found in any cells of the bronchiolar epithelium. The complement of secretory granules was monitored, by the morphometric analysis of ultrathin sections. Clara cells from control animals were found to contain 9.55±1.16 (SEM) granules per cell profile. The Clara cells from dosed animals were largely devoid of granules until the 3rd day after administration. Many of these agranular cells were arranged in clusters and often showed signs of mitotic division. In surviving animals the subsequent replacement of granules resulted in a large increase in the numbers present and many exhibited abnormal morphology. Over twice the normal complement of granules, 22.45±0.42 (SEM) per cell profile, was found 6 days after dosing. The complement of granules subsequently returned to normal levels and the clusters of Clara cells were resolved within 14 days of dosing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00316355
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidermoid metaplasia in apocrine cystadenoma of the penis (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of dermatological research 276 (1984), S. 170-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-069X
    Keywords: Penile apocrine cystadenoma ; Ultrastructure ; Filamentous fuzzy coat ; Epidermoid metaplasia ; Peridermlike cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two cystadenomas occurring near the frenulum of the penis revealed a predominantly secretory pseudostratified columnar epithelium with PAS-reactive dome-shaped cytoplasmic protrusions at the luminal cellular parts. The content of secretory vacuoles was discharged into the cyst lumen by an exocytotic (eccrine) and ballooning type of extrusion. There were no indications of a real apocrine extrusion mechanism. No histogenetic derivation of these penile cystadenomas from apocrine sweat glands could be proved. An antennalike filamentous fuzzy coat on the luminal cytoplasmic membrane was most remarkable. Regionally, an epidermoid differentiation had developed. Morphologically, this process had begun just above the basal cell layer which had remained unchanged and led to the establishment of a stratified epithelium.Hyalin lamellarlike flattened cells at the luminal part displayed necrobiotic features and resembled periderm cells. There was no keratin pattern. Luminal cells of epidermoid differentiation still revealed a filamentous fuzzy coat which indicated that the undifferentiated cuboidal basal cells basically had a prospective secretory meaning and probably represented the target cells in the process of metaplasia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00414015
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Length and shape of enamel crystals (1984)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. 550-555 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Enamel crystals ; Length ; Shape ; Apatite ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary An original method for fractionating and preparing isolated crystals of homogeneous size was developed. It was demonstrated that enamel apatite crystals are at least 100 µm long. The flexibility of the very long crystallites was demonstrated. Crystal curvatures, accounting for the irregular course of the prisms through the enamel thickness, were visualized and measured. It was shown that in the deep forming enamel layer, lateral branches may grow out of the crystals and crystal fusing often occurs, inducing the crystallites to assume pyramidal shapes with their wide bases pointing toward the dentino-enamel junction and one or two tops toward Tomes' processes. During the maturation process, the two tops of the still immature crystals also fuse so that the mature crystals acquire a rodlike aspect, with parallel faces and steplike graduations along thec axis, allowing a close contact between the crystals. These results support the hypothesis that the crystallites would be continuous from the dentino-enamel junction to the surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405364
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and characterization of a new coccoid methanogen, Methanogenium tatii spec. nov. from a solfataric field on Mount Tatio (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 137 (1984), S. 308-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Methanogenium tatii ; Ultrastructure ; Physiology ; Glycoproteins ; DNA-DNA Homology ; Taxonomy ; Archaebacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new coccoid methanogen, Methanogenium tatii, was isolated and characterized. The mesophilic isolate can grow on and produce methane from H2:CO2 and formate. For growth acetate is strictly required. The cell shape, the G+C content of 54 mol% and DNA-DNA homology data suggest it to be a Methanogenium species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00410727
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Membrane-bound nitrite oxidoreductase of Nitrobacter: evidence for a nitrate reductase system (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 140 (1984), S. 153-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Nitrobacter hamburgensis ; Nitrite oxidoreductase ; Nitrate reductase ; Molybdenum iron-sulfur protein ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nitrite oxidoreductase, the essential enzyme complex of nitrite oxidizing membranes, was isolated from cells of the nitrifying bacterium Nitrobacter hamburgensis. The enzyme system was solubilized and purified in the presence of 0.25% sodium deoxycholate. Nitrite oxidoreductase oxidized nitrite to nitrate in the presence of ferricyanide. The pH optimum was 8.0, and the apparent K m value for nitrite amounted to 3.6 mM. With reduced methyl-and benzylviologen nitrite oxidoreductase exhibited nitrate reductase activity with an apparent K m value of 0.9 mM for nitrate. NADH was also a suitable electron donor for nitrate reduction. The pH optimum was 7.0. Treatment with SDS resulted in the dissociation into 3 subunits of 116,000, 65,000 and 32,000. The enzyme complex contained iron, molydbenum, sulfur and copper. A c-type cytochrome was present. Isolated nitrite oxidoreductase is a particle of 95±30 Å in diameter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454918
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of the knobby spore type of Streptomyces torulosus (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 138 (1984), S. 229-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Actinomycetes ; Streptomyces torulosus ; Morphology ; Ultrastructure ; Verrucate spores ; Knobby ornamentation ; Sheath
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The type strain of Streptomyces torulosus Lyons and Pridham (1971) was studied by scanning- and transmission electron microscope. Spore chains were formed in spirals by aerial mycelium. The spores were connected by nozzles in which small channels could be observed. The knobby ornamentations of the spores arised on a thin fibrous sheath, enveloping the spore chains. These irregular blunt projections, called knobs, had varying diameters of 100 to 250 nm. The base of the knob, consisting of globose to flattened electron dense material, was sitting directly on the sheath. It was covered by several small vesicles of the same material. Each hollow vesicle beared a thin bowlshaped shell of electron transparent material. In general, the cupular bowls and their supporting vesicles became easily depressed on their base, but not detached from the surface of the spores. This type of knobby spore ornamentation was suggested to be designated as a verrucate spore type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402126
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synaptology of the hypoglossal nucleus in the rat (1984)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 57 (1984), S. 22-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Synaptology ; Hypoglossal nucleus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The purpose of this study was to define the types and distribution of synaptic terminals in the hypoglossal nucleus (XII) of the rat. Based on differences in bouton and vesicle size and shape, synaptic specializations and association with postsynaptic organelles, five types of terminals were identified in XII. In order of decreasing frequency they were: 1) S-boutons (spherical vesicles with an asymmetrical synapse); 2) F-boutons (flattened vesicles with a symmetrical synapse); 3) P-boutons (pleomorphic admixture of flattened and spherical vesicles with a symmetrical synapse); 4) C-boutons (pleomorphic vesicles with a subsynaptic cistern); and 5) Tboutons (spherical vesicles with an asymmetrical synapse and subsynaptic dense bodies). S-boutons were the predominant type found on dendrites, while boutons containing flattened vesicles were more prevalent on motoneuron somata. C-boutons were restricted exclusively to cell bodies and large dendrites, and T-boutons were seen primarily on smaller dendritic profiles. These results are, in general, comparable to those previously described in the ventral horn and cranial nerve motor nuclei in several species. However, differences were noted. Specifically, large M-boutons and axo-axonic synapses were not observed in the present study. The functional significance of these findings are discussed in relation to oro-lingual behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231128
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    4-Ammopyridine-induced ultrastructural alterations of pinched-off nerve terminals from rat cerebral cortex (1984)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 54 (1984), S. 385-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Synaptosome ; 4-Aminopyridine ; Ultrastructure ; Exocytosis ; Recycling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pinched-off nerve terminals (synaptosomes) from rat cerebral cortex were depolarized with 60 mM KCl and treated with 20 mM 4-aminopyridine in order to evaluate ultrastructural alterations. The empty presynaptic terminals were counted and their number was given as a percentage of the normal terminals. The proportion of empty terminals increased from 10.47±1.56% to 32.45±1.88% (P 〈 0.001) following treatment with 20 mM 4-aminopyridine. This effect of 4-aminopyridine depended on the presence of Ca++ in the incubation medium. The results are discussed in terms of facilitation by 4-aminopyridine of exocytotic transmitter release. We think that the increase of the empty synaptosomes was due to the exhaustion or inhibition of the synaptic vesicle recycling mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236242
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Steroid biochemistry of virilising adrenal tumours in childhood (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 142 (1984), S. 165-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Adrenal gland neoplasms ; Urine steroids ; Gas chromatography ; Mass spectrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Steroid excretion in urine of 12 infants with virilising adrenal tumours has been determined using gas chromatography. In six children, (Group A, five female, one male) aged 2.8–5.3 years, very high urinary excretions of 17 oxosteroids (〉40 μmol/24 h) were largely accounted for by dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA). In one of the girls, the pattern of steroids excreted in urine was similar to that of newborn infants, with high excretions of 16-oxygenated derivatives of DHA. The histology of this tumour suggested a neoplasia of fetal-type adrenocortical cells. Very large tumours were found in three of the infants, two of whom have died and one has multiple metastases. From the other three children, small, well-encapsulated adenomas were successfully removed. Six children (Group B), had moderately elevated 17-oxosteroid exrretions (8–17 μmol/ 24 h). In five of these cases (four female, one male) aged 0.8–5 years, 11β-hydroxyandrosterone was a consistently prominent urinary steroid. In one boy, aged 7.7 years, 17-oxosteroid excretion was 15 μmol/24 h and the major steroids in urine were metabolites of pregnenolone. These six children have survived with no clinical evidence of recurrent tumour. The in vivo functional activities of the tumours can be deduced from the different profiles of steroids in urine. These have revealed heterogeneous patterns of steroid biosynthesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442442
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mammosomatotroph hyperplasia associated with acromegaly and hyperprolactinemia in a patient with the McCune-Albright syndrome (1984)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 403 (1984), S. 77-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Acromegaly ; hyperprolactinemia ; McCune-Albright syndrome ; pathology ; Pituitary ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An 11-year-old girl, with the McCune-Albright syndrome, exhibited fibrous dysplasia of several bones, skin pigmentation, precocious puberty, growth hormone hypersecretion, acromegaly and hyperprolactinemia. Histologic, immunocytologic and ultrastructural investigation of the surgically-removed pituitary showed massive mammosomatotroph hyperplasia. Since no adenoma was found, the abundance of these bihormonal cells, capable of producing both growth hormone and prolactin, was implicated in the causation of growth hormone and prolactin excess. Somatoliberin overproduction and/or somatostatin and dopamine deficiency could not account for the hypophysial abnormality, since changes in secretory rates of these hypothalamic hormones would lead to proliferation of mature somatotrophs and lactotrophs, rather than mammosomatotrophs. In our patient, a congenital hypothalamic malfunction might have been accompanied by hypersecretion of an unidentified releasing factor, resulting in pathologic differentiation of the pituitary and mammosomatotroph hyperplasia. Alternatively, mammosomatotroph hyperplasia may have been due to an inherent genetic or embryonic defect affecting primarily the pituitary. According to this interpretation, the pituitary lesion represented yet another developmental error in the setting of the McCune-Albright syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689340
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Herpes oesophagitis (1984)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 404 (1984), S. 177-185 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Oesophagitis ; Herpetic cell change ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultra-thin sections obtained from routine biopsy specimens and cytological smears of 3 cases, together with one autopsy case suggestive of herpes oesophagitis, clearly demonstrate herpes viruses. The infected epithelial cells reveal different stages of virus replication and propagation. Cowdry A type inclusion bodies, however, representing early alterations in the course of infection are less frequent. Ground-glass looking nuclei of light microscopical balloon cells and infected multinuclear giant cells of epithelial origin are characteristic changes of the late ulcerative stage of herpes oesophagitis usually seen at the time of detection. These typical virus induced cell changes are mostly to be found at the ulcers edge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00704062
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma in the maxilla, malignant transformation of ameloblastic fibroma (1984)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 404 (1984), S. 253-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma ; Histogenesis ; Histopathology ; Ultrastructure ; Fatal case
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary This report presents a fatal case of ameloblastic fibrosarcoma arising from an ameloblastic fibroma, originating in the maxilla of 19-year-old Japanese male. An analysis of previously reported fatal cases of ameloblastic fibrosarcoma is included. In the course of the disease, the mesenchymal component of ameloblastic fibroma showed a dramatic histopathological transformation into sarcoma following multiple recurrence and the patient died of uncontrollable local infiltration of the cranial base. Although many cases have seemed to show disappearance of the epithelial component as malignant transformation progressed, many benign appearing ameloblastoid epithelial masses were scattered throughout the sarcomatous area even in the fatal stage in the present case. No distant metastases were found at autopsy. During multiple recurrences of the lesion, a little dysplastic dentin which was closely associated with both epithelial and mesenchymal components was found, though it could not be observed in autopsy material. Ultrastructural findings in autopsy material showed that the mesenchymal component consisted of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, fibroblastic and fibrocytic cells with marked cellular and nuclear pleomorphism and that the epithelial component closely resembled the enamel organ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694891
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neurogenic sarcomas in patients with neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease) (1984)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 403 (1984), S. 361-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Neurofibrosarcomas ; Neurogenic sarcomas ; Von Recklinghausen's disease ; Malignant schwannomas ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirteen soft tissue neurogenic sarcomas from twelve patients with neurofibromatosis (Von Recklinghausen's disease) were ultrastructurally examined. Electron microscopic studies revealed a wide spectrum of morphological manifestations varying from schwannian to fibroblastic, histiocytic, fibrohistiocytic and relatively undifferentiated cellular proliferations. A similar variation on light microscopic appearances has been previously reported in these neurogenic sarcomas. Neurogenic sarcomas occurring in patients with neurofibromatosis (Von Recklinghausen's disease), represent a heterogenous group of neoplasms with various patterns of differentiation identified ultrastructurally. The morphologic expressions of these neurogenic neoplasms can be conceptualized as a disorderly growth of the various peripheral nerve cellular components, or, as has been previously suggested, as a result of the multipotential nature and metaplastic ability of Schwann cells. S-100 protein immunohistochemistry was only positive in those neoplasms ultrastructurally proven to represent schwannian cellular proliferations. This study serves to document the range of fine structure that may be found in neurogenic sarcomas, to correlate the ultrastructural findings with the light microscopic appearance of these tumors, to determine the specificity of the electron microscopic findings, and immunohistochemistry for S-100 protein and assess their possible value in differential diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00737286
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural observations on the histogenesis of localized fibrous tumours of the pleura (benign mesothehoma) (1984)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 403 (1984), S. 413-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Localized fibrous tumour of the pleura ; Benign mesothelioma ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Five localized fibrous tumours of the pleura (benign mesothelioma) were studied ultrastructurally in order to elucidate their histogenesis. The histological subtypes of this benign fibrous lesion of the visceral pleura, i.e. the cellular, the collagenous, and the hyaline, were separately analysed. The tumours are composed of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, intermediate and differentiated fibroblasts as well as collagenous interstitial tissue. The varying distribution of these cell elements account for the various histological subtypes. Morphological similarities between the mesenchymal tumour cells and the superficial mesothelial cells, which are always separated from the true tumour tissue by an intact basement membrane, were not observed. The different cellular elements can be regarded as parts of a continuous spectrum of cytodifferentiation, in which the mature fibroblasts are derived via intermediate forms from the undifferentiated cells. It is concluded that the localized fibrous tumours of the pleura arise from immature mesenchymal stem cells, which seems to be normally found in the submesothelial layer of the visceral pleura.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00737290
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glycerol effects on the transport of macromolecules in the lateral cochlear wall (1984)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 239 (1984), S. 49-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Glycerol ; Inner ear ; Ultrastructure ; Cellular and paracellular transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect has been studied of intravenously administered glycerol on paracellular and cellular transport of macromolecular HRP tracer in the lateral cochlear wall. The findings indicate osmotically induced diffusion phenomena by the opening of shunt pathways through junctional complexes in the stria vascularis. Vesicular transport is accelerated, direction of transport however is not affected by the changed osmolality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00454262
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of heart muscle in short-term diabetic rats: influence of insulin treatment (1984)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 27 (1984), S. 397-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; heart muscle ; streptozotocin ; short-term diabetes ; insulin treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of myocardium was examined in short-term diabetic rats. Morphometric analysis showed the volume of myocytic mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplets to be significantly increased compared with those of control animals. Further measurements of mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum indicated that the augmentation of these compartments was accountable by the enlargement of pre-existing mitochondria, which were swollen, and of pre-existing tubules of sarcoplasmic reticulum, the lumen of which was dilated. After insulin treatment the morphological changes were returned to normal which indicates that they were not due to the toxic effect of streptozotocin but were caused by the diabetic state per se. This suggestion is further supported by the finding that experimentally induced metabolic acidosis without diabetes did not cause any morphologically detectable changes in the heart muscle. It is concluded that short-term diabetes in the rat causes mitochondrial swelling, dilatation of sarcoplasmic reticulum and accumulation of lipid in cardiac myocytes, and that these changes are preventable with insulin treatment. We suggest that insulin may have an important role in the maintenance of metabolism in heart muscle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304857
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carcinoid tumor of the uterine cervix (1984)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 402 (1984), S. 331-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Carcinoid ; Uterine cervix ; Histopathology ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of carcinoid tumor of the uterine cervix is reported. The patient was a 76-year-old Japanese woman with a complaint of vaginal bleeding. She was clinically diagnosed as stage IVb carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Light microscopically, the tumor was characterized by formation of solid cell nests and, in limited areas, glandular structures. The tumor cells in solid cells nests showed positive argyrophil reaction but were negative for argentaffin reaction. At the ultrastructural level, the cytoplasm of the tumor cells contain numerous neurosecretory granules, microfilaments and well-developed Golgi complexes. On the bases of histochemical and electron microscopic features of tumor cells, the tumor was diagnosed as carcinoid tumor of the uterine cervix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695086
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  • 32
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural aspects of the histogenesis of diffuse and localized mesothelioma (1984)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 402 (1984), S. 373-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Mesothelioma ; Histogenesis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary During an ultrastructural review of 30 diffuse and 10 localized mesotheliomas, it was apparent that some micrographs showed various stages in the developmental processes involved in the formation of histological patterns in diffuse mesotheliomas and a histogenetic link between diffuse and localized mesotheliomas. Cells in the stromal or sarcomatous regions of diffuse mesothelioma often show varying degrees of mesothelial differentiation and a gradual transition to cells with typical mesothelial characteristics that organize into structures recapitulating the surface layer of serosal membranes. Tumor cells in localized mesotheliomas had many similarities to the “stromal” cells in the diffuse counterpart including intercellular junctions, rare microvilli and occasional foci of basal lamina. It is postulated that diffuse and localized mesotheliomas share a common histogenetic origin as a result of neoplastic induction of specialized submesothelial cells. In this concept, tumor cells in diffuse mesotheliomas reflect stages in the differentiation and organization of normal serosal membranes and localized mesotheliomas mirror the earliest phases of this process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00734635
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  • 33
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atypical germ cells of the testis (1984)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 402 (1984), S. 439-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Atypical germ cells ; Carcinoma in situ of the testis ; Normal germ cells ; Ultrastructure ; Differential diagnosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary It is uncertain whether the so called intratubular atypical germ cells (carcinoma in situ cells) demonstrable in the testicular tissue around different germ cell tumors and in testicular biopsies of patients with impaired fertility are identical with regard to their morphology and further development. Thus atypical germ cells of 18 patients with testicular germ cell tumors and of 3 patients with atypical germ cells in testicular biopsies without tumor were studied by electron microscopy and/or by immunohistochemistry. The atypical germ cells show characteristic alterations distinguishing them from normal germ cells, especially spermatogonia. However, there are no differences between atypical germ cells in the above mentioned groups. Immunohistochemical reactions are negative with anti-alpha-fetoprotein and anti-beta-human-chorionic-gonadotropin, but 6 of the 15 cases are positive with antiferritin. However, this positive reaction occurs in cases in different diagnostic groups. Atypical germ cells of the different groups cannot be distinguished by electron microscopy or immunohistochemical methods, but further investigations vestigations, including cell cultures, may provide more information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00734640
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  • 34
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural analysis of human proximal tubules and cortical interstitium in chronic renal disease (Hydronephrosis) (1984)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 402 (1984), S. 209-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Proximal tubule ; Atrophy ; Cortical interstitium ; Human nephropathy ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A systematic ultrastructural analysis of proximal tubule atrophy and cortical interstitial changes was carried out in human chronic nephropathy. The investigation was based on human hydronephrotic kidneys, which had been surgically removed and subsequently perfusion-fixed for light and electron microscopy. Normal kidney tissue, which was derived from nephrectomy specimens with pathological changes confined to part of the kidney or to the renal pelvis, was used for control material. A slight degree of proximal tubule atrophy was characterized by reduction of mitochondria and basolateral membranes, enlargement of large endocytic vacuoles and increased numbers of lysosomes containing lamellar material. In moderate atrophy these changes were further accentuated, and in addition there was an increasing loss of microvilli and a reduction of endocytic invaginations and small endocytic vacuoles. In severe atrophy all types of organelles were sparse and the architecture of the tubule cells greatly simplified. A distinctive feature of atrophic tubules was the presence in the tubule cells of large bundles of actin-like filaments, which were often associated with outpouchings of basal cell parts and basement membrane. The reduction of mitochondria and basolateral cell membranes and the changes of endocytic vacuoles and lysosomes indicate that proximal tubule atrophy also in early stages may be associated with impairment of tubular transport processes. Comparisons with previous observations in various types of experimentally induced tubule cell degeneration and with the ultrastructure of regenerating proximal tubule cells provide some evidence that degenerative changes as well as imperfect regeneration of tubule cells may contribute to the alterations of ultrastructure in tubular atrophy. It is suggested that changes of the cortical interstitium may be of pathogenic importance for the progression of tubular atrophy by altering the spatial relationships between tubules and capillaries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00695077
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  • 35
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of gill epithelial cells of Diopatra neapolitana (Annelida, Polychaeta) (1984)
    Springer
    Zoomorphology 104 (1984), S. 304-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-234X
    Keywords: Ultrastructure ; Gills ; Epithelial cells ; Polychaeta
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of gill epidermal cells of Diopatra neapolitana and their relationship with blood spaces are described. The existence of a basal infolding complex, related to the blood spaces, is also reported. A possible involvement of these cells in osmoregulation and ion interchange, apart from their well-known role in respiration, is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00312012
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  • 36
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural morphometry of collagen from lamina propria during experimental oral carcinogenesis and chronic inflammation (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 107 (1984), S. 183-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Collagen ; Stereology ; Oral carcinogenesis ; Inflammation ; Ultrastructure ; Lamina propria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Stereological point-counting methods were used to determine the volumetric alterations in collagen from the lamina propria immediately beneath the epithelial-connective tissue junction in hamster check-pouch mucosa treated with the chemical carcinogen DMBA. In addition, a non-neoplastic inflammatory control was evaluated in which a delayed hypersensitivity reaction was induced by the contact-sensitising agent DNCB. DMBA-treated tissues were assigned to histopathologically defined hyperplasia, dysplasia and carcinoma stages. The volume densities of collagen present in unit volume of extracellular lamina propria were found to decrease progressively and significantly in DMBA-treated tissues when compared with values obtained from normal untreated mucosa. Values from the inflammatory control were comparable with those from the dysplasia stage of carcinogenesis. The mechanisms responsible for these decreases in collagen volume density are unknown, but contributory factors might include collagen destruction by enzymes originating in either the epithelium or the cells of the inflammatory infiltrate, dilution of collagen produced by inflammatory oedema or alterations in the synthetic capabilities of fibroblasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01032605
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  • 37
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    Unequal distribution of plastids during generative cell formation in Impatiens (1984)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 68 (1984), S. 305-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Impatiens ; Microspore mitosis ; Plastid distribution ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary This paper describes the unequal distribution of plastids in the developing microspores of Impatiens walleriana and Impatiens glandulifera which leads to the exclusion of plastids from the generative cell. During the development from young microspore to the onset of mitosis a change in the organization of the cytoplasm and distribution of organelles is gradually established. This includes the formation of vacuoles at the poles of the elongate-shaped microspores, the movement of the nucleus to a position near the microspore wall in the central part of the cell, and the accumulation of the plastids to a position near the wall at the opposite side of the cell. In Impatiens walleriana, the accumulated plastids are separated from each other by ER cisterns, and some mitochondria are also accumulated. In both Impatiens species, the portion of the microspore in which the generative cell will be formed is completely devoid of plastids at the time mitosis starts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00267882
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  • 38
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    Electronic Resource
    Stromal cells of the fibroadenoma of the human breast (1984)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 404 (1984), S. 7-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Fibroadenoma ; Stromal cells ; Actin ; Ultrastructure ; Myofibroblast
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fourteen fibroadenomas of the human breast were examined by light and electron microscopy, and by immunohistochemistry for actin. They were classified into 3 groups according to their stromal patterns; myxoid, fibrous-cellular and sclerotic. Actin immunohistochemistry revealed that the stromal areas were strongly positive in the fibrous-cellular group and weakly positive in the myxoid and sclerotic groups. By electron microscopy the stromal cells in most cases of the myxoid and fibrous-cellular groups were fibroblasts, containing varying amounts of microfilaments, 5–7 nm in diameter (actin type filaments). However, a dense body was not usually present suggesting these stromal cells were variants of myofibroblasts. The amount of microfilaments in fibroblasts was greater in the fibrous-cellular group than in the myxoid group. This was consistent with the results of actin immunohistochemistry. In 3 cases of the fibrous-cellular group peculiar structures simulating Z-lines of striated muscles were noted in some stromal cells. Since no myosin filaments were detected, they were regarded as intermediate structures between Z-lines of striated muscles and dense bodies of smooth muscles. In the sclerotic group, stromal fibroblasts were sparse and had fewer organelles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00704246
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  • 39
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    Electronic Resource
    A morphometric study on the ultrastructure of well-differentiated tumours and inflammatory mucosa of the human urinary bladder (1984)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 405 (1984), S. 25-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Morphometry ; Human bladder tumour ; Human chronic cystitis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations were performed on well-differentiated tumours and chronic cystitis in the human urinary bladder. SEM showed that the pleomorphic microvilli were present not only on the luminal surface of the tumour but also on the surface of inflammatory mucosa. The ultrastructure of six tumours and 5 cases of chronic cystitis was evaluated morphometrically. Bladder tumour and inflammatory mucosa were divided into several layers, namely outermost cells (S), subsurface cells just beneath these (S1), subsurface cells of 2 or 3 layers below (S23), intermediate cells of 2 or 3 layers above the basal cells (123), intermediate cells just above the basal cells (I1) and basal cells (Ba). Areas of nucleus, cytoplasm and cytoplasmic organelles, numbers of nucleoli, nuclear bodies, mitochondria and lysosomes together with irregularity of the cell and nucleus were estimated according to the methods of Weibel. A multi-variate analysis of variance on these variables showed that the above subdivision of layers was necessary for the comparison of tumour and inflammation. Discriminant analysis showed various differences between tumour and inflammatory mucosa. The results indicated that the Ba layer is the most effective site for differentiating the tumour from inflammation. Ba cells with large and irregular cytoplasm with an enlarged Golgi area, accompanied by many vacuolar structures, may be indicative of tumour rather than inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694923
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  • 40
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palmar fibromatosis (Dupuytren's contracture) (1984)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 405 (1984), S. 41-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Fibromatosis ; Dupuytren's contracture ; Myofibroblast ; Ultrastructure ; Histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Forty three cases of palmar fibromatosis were studied by light and electron microscopy, enzyme histochemistry, and ultrastructural immunohistochemistry. By electron microscopy most of the cells composing the nodules in both the proliferative and the involutional stages were identical to myofibroblasts. The myofibroblasts in the involutional nodules often possessed microfilament aggregates probably representing contraction of micro(actin)fllaments in the cytoplasm. The proliferative nodules revealed small perivascular haemorrhages and haemosiderin deposits accompanied by accumulation of macrophages and some lymphocytes; these inflammatory cells possibly secrete a certain growth factor inducing proliferation of genetically abnormal fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Diaminopeptidase IV was detected in myofibroblasts and fibroblasts by enzyme histochemistry and ultrastructural immunohistochemistry; the enzyme may play a role in the metabolism of intercellular substances. Some perivascular mesenchymal cells, interpreted as variants of myofibroblasts, had moderate activity of alkaline phosphatase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694924
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  • 41
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of free fractions of tricyclic antidepressants (1984)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 327 (1984), S. 260-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Amitriptyline ; Imipramine ; Clomipramine ; Demethylated metabolites ; Free fractions ; Serum ; Equilibrium dialysis ; Gas chromatography ; Binding parameters
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The plasma protein binding of amitriptyline, imipramine, clomipramine, and their primary demethylated metabolites were studied by means of a method combining dialysis and gas chromatography. Equilibrium in dialysis of serum containing amitriptyline and its metabolite nortriptyline was attained in about 0.5 h with the drug dissolved in the serum compartment, and in about 2 h with the drug passing from the buffer to the serum compartment. The calculation of free fractions was influenced by variations with dialysis time in the volumes of serum and buffer. Increase of pH in serum increased the protein binding of the weakly basic drugs studied, and made the Donnan distribution effects more pronounced. At pH 7.4, the Donnan effect was negligible. Binding parameters for the 6 tricyclic antidepressant substances studied were estimated for the binding to α1-acid glycoprotein and for total binding in serum. For α1-acid glycoprotein, the k-values ranged from 1·105 to 8·105 M−1, and for pooled serum from 0.4·105 to 8·105 M−1. The determined number of binding sites on the α1-acid glycoprotein was, on average 0.87 for the 6 substances. In serum, the binding capacity was 2–14 times the concentration of α1-acid glycoprotein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00502459
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  • 42
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of gossypol on bull spermatozoa in vitro (1984)
    Springer
    Urological research 12 (1984), S. 187-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Gossypol ; Bull spermatozoa ; Motility ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Gossypol acetic acid in a concentration of 1,000 μg/ml solvent is able to immobilize 1 ml of native bull semen (sperm concentration: 8.5×108/ml; motility rate: 87.4%) within 30 min. After GAA treatment the spermatozoa show severe morphological damage on the membrane system, on the acrosomal complex and on the tubular complex of the end piece. The working mechanism of GAA can be assumed to be inactivation of enzyme activities or in direct reactions with plasma membrane material.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255921
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  • 43
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    Electronic Resource
    Esthesioneuroblastoma: Ultrastructural, immunohistological and biochemical investigation of one case (1984)
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 239 (1984), S. 133-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Keywords: Esthesioneuroblastoma ; Intermediate filaments ; Secretory granules ; Ultrastructure ; Immunohistology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of esthesioneuroblastoma, the pathological diagnosis of which almost always causes great difficulties, was investigated ultrastructurally, biochemically, and immunohistologically, using antibodies against the five known types of intermediate filaments [keratin, vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilaments]. The tumour cells did not react with antibodies against any of the five intermediate filament proteins. Ultrastructural investigations showed dense cored secretory granules in the cytoplasm and cell processes. Thus, immunohistology offers by “exclusion” a differential diagnosis to avoid often misdiagnosed tumours (undifferentiated carcinomas, embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas, and malignant lymphomas), since carcinomas react with antikeratin, embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas with antibodies to desmin and malignant lymphomas show immunofluorescence with antibodies to vimentin. The biological behaviour (age distribution, tendency to metastasize), the normal values of biochemical parameters, homovanillic acid and vanilmandelic acid (HVA, VMA), and the absence of neurofilaments distinguish this type of tumour from the peripheral sympathetic neuroblastoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00463554
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  • 44
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    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure of experimental arthrosis in dogs (1984)
    Springer
    International orthopaedics 7 (1984), S. 215-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5195
    Keywords: Experimental arthrosis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les auteurs ont réalisé une arthrose expérimentale chez le chien en injectant dans une articulation le liquide obtenu par ponction d'une autre articulation du même animal, dont le cartilage a été préalablement scarifié de façon aseptique. L'examen des surfaces articulaires en microscopie électronique montre des altérations dégénératives progressives au niveau de la matrice extra-cellulaire, des chondrocytes et de la membrane péri-cellulaire. Ces modifications augmentent après des injections répétées de liquide synovial. Dans une autre série d'animaux, on a injecté soit le culot de centrifugation, soit le surnageant et on a comparé les effets obtenus vis-à-vis des structures cellulaires et extra-cellulaires.
    Notes: Summary Experimental arthrosis was induced in previously healthy joints in a group of dogs by injection of fluid aspirated from another joint of the same animal previously damaged by trauma under sterile conditions. Using electron microscopy progressive degenerative changes were observed at the surface of the joint, in the extracellular matrix, in the chondrocytes and in the pericellular band. The changes increased following serial injections of the joint fluid. In another series, the joints were injected either with the centrifuged concentrate or the supernatant fluid and a comparison made of the contrasting effects upon the cellular and extracellular structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00266830
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  • 45
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    Electronic Resource
    Observations on the ultrastructure ofFrankia sp. in root nodules ofDatisca cannabina L. (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 79 (1984), S. 383-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Actinorhizae ; Datisca cannabina ; Frankia ; Nitrogen fixation ; Root nodules ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The fine structures of the microsymbiont inside the root nodules ofDatisca cannabina have been studied by light, by transmission- and by scanning-electron microscopy. The endophyte is prokaryotic and actinomycetal in nature. The hyphae are septate and branched, diameter 0.3–0.5 μm. The tips of hyphae are swollen to form electron-dense, clubshaped to filamentous vesicles, ranging in diameter: 0.4–1.4 μm. The endophyte penetrates through walls of the cortial cells. The infected zone is kidney shaped and confined to one side of the acentric stele. The orientation of infection is reversed from other actinorhizae exceptCoriaria. The hyphae are near the host cell wall and vesicles are directed towards the central vacuole. Vesicles are aseptate and no collapsing of the vesicle cell wall (void area) has been observed. Vesicle clusters structures are globular with an opening at one side of the cluster. The host cell is multinucleate or contains a lobed nucleus. Groups of mitochondria are located in between the hyphae, suggesting a strong association between the host and the endophyte for energy supply and amino acid production. The consequences of the inability to separate the mitochondria from the vesicle clusters in nodule homogenates in physiological studies have been discussed. Isolated vesicles clusters showed dehydrogenase activity, indicated by the presence of formazan crystals, after incubation with NADH and NBT. Strongest reducing activity was found within the vesicles. The possible role of filamentous vesicles in nitrogen fixation has been discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02184330
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  • 46
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of aeration status of nutrient solution on microorganisms, mucilage and ultrastructure of wheat roots (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 80 (1984), S. 381-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Aeration status ; Microorganisms ; Mucilage ; Rhizosphere ; Ultrastructure ; Wheat root
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Outer layers of wheat roots grown in aerated and unaerated nutrient solutions were studied by transmission electron microscopy. Root growth was considerably impaired in unaerated nutrient solution. In contrast to aerated roots, no mucilaginous layer but dense bacterial colonization were observed on the root caps of unaerated roots. The root cap mucilage had apparently been decomposed by the microorganisms. The peripheral root cap cells of the unaerated roots appeared to contain less cell organelles than those of the aerated roots, while the central cap cells and the meristematic cells of the root tip seemed not to be affected by lack of aeration. The bacterial population in the elongation, root hair, and lateral root zones, was also remarkably higher on roots grown in unaerated nutrient solution. In the lateral root zone of unaerated roots, even the cortical cells were invaded by bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02140045
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  • 47
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mycorrhizal improvement in non-leguminous nitrogen fixing associations with particular reference toHippophaë rhamnoides L. (1984)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 78 (1984), S. 189-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Alnus Hippophaë ; Mycorrhiza ; Myrica ; Nitrogenase ; Phosphate ; Triple symbiosis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The roots ofHippophaë rhamnoides which regularly bear actinomycete induced nodules when growing on Scottish sand dunes have also been found to support an endomycorrhizal association withGlomus fasciculatus. Ultrastructural and cytochemical studies carried out on the indigenous infections of establishedHippophaë mycorrhizal roots would support the postulate that transport is indeed occurring between the fungal symbiont and the host plant and vice versa in respect of phosphate and carbohydrate. Experiments using various inoculation regimes, demonstrated the significant improvement in the mycorrhizal/nodulated plants compared to the nodulated-only and the mycorrhizal-only plants with respect to plant growth, uptake of phosphate and nitrogenase activity, when grown in a medium poor in combined nitrogen and soluble phosphate. Preliminary work onAlnus andMyrica species growing in Central Scotland indicates that the mycorrhizae associated with these nodulated root systems exhibit a different interaction pattern which may be dependent on habitat type and associated angiosperm species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02277850
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  • 48
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Muscle fibre type characteristics in endurance trained and untrained individuals (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 52 (1984), S. 266-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Human ; Endurance exercise ; Muscles ; Fibre types ; Histocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The main fibre types ofM. vastus lateralis of 10 trained or untrained male individuals (25–35 years) were quantitatively determined by morphological techniques; the fibre types being defined according to the M-band appearance. The volume density of mitochondria (Vmit) was higher in endurance-trained muscles.Vmit was higher in Type 1 than in Type 2 fibres, there being no difference between subtypes of Type 2 fibres. The volume density of lipid droplets (Vli) showed a wide range of values both with respect to degree of training and between fibre types. Z-band width was not influenced by endurance training, but was considerably larger in Type 1 than in Type 2 fibres. Discriminant analysis showed that 46% of the fibres, preclassified according to the M-band appearance, would have been correctly allocated on basis of theVmit. The corresponding value for lipid droplets was 42% and for the Z-band width, 62%. It is concluded thatVmit is not a satisfactory criterion for discriminating between fibre types, especially between Type 2A and Type 2B in trained subjects. The study also shows that endurance training reduces the relative importance of individual-dependent factors in comparison with muscle fibre properties when concerningVmit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01015207
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  • 49
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Ultrastruktur und Funktion pollenverbindender Fäden beiEricaceae und anderen Angiospermenfamilien (1984)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 147 (1984), S. 189-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Ericaceae ; Onagraceae ; Mimosaceae ; Musaceae ; Ultrastructure ; function of pollen connecting threads and viscin threads ; palynology ; pollination ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Viscin threads and other pollen connecting threads of some angiosperm families were investigated, especially those ofEricaceae. According to the definition adopted, viscin threads are ± long exinous processes which consist of exinous material and connect pollen grains or tetrads. Such viscin threads are found within theOnagraceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Ericaceae, andMimosaceae only. While they differ in structure and composition, they always consist of sporopollenin and exhibit a very strong stickiness, even after all viscid substances have been removed by acetolysis. In contrast, the pollen connecting scleroprotein threads ofOrchidaceae and the cellular threads ofStrelitzia reginae Aiton. (Musaceae) are not connected with the exine surface, are destroyed by acetolysis, and thus do not correspond to viscin threads.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989383
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  • 50
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationships among membranes in plastids of the red algaNitophyllum punctatum (Stackh.) Grev. (1984)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 119 (1984), S. 55-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Rhodophyta ; Nitophyllum ; Membranous body ; Plastid ; Red algae ; Thylakoidal origin ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of plastids in the early stages of differentiation has been studied during the carposporogenesis of the red algaNitophyllum punctatum (Stackh.) Grev. A membranous body has been found in the plastidial matrix, which shows connections either with thylakoids, or with the plastidial genophore. More than one membranous body may be present and in some instances they show a morphological relationship also with the plastidial limiting membranes. The presence of such bodies has been observed also in fully differentiated plastids in a number of other red algae currently under study. It has been shown that the plastidial envelope may release in the matrix vesicles that give rise to the single thylakoids typical of the red algal plastids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01287817
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  • 51
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure and behaviour of the spindle pole body of the aphid-pathogenic fungusErynia neoaphidis (1984)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 120 (1984), S. 61-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Fungus ; Spindle pole body ; Entomophthoraceae ; Erynia neoaphidis ; Ultrastructure ; Replication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A detailed account of the ultrastructure and behaviour of the spindle pole body (SPB) of the entomophthoraceous fungusErynia neoaphidis is presented for the first time. The SPB consists of extranuclear (ENC) and intranuclear (INC) components. The ENC is a “saucepan-shaped” structure which lies in a pocket of the nuclear envelope. It is composed of a forked, fibrillar “handle” and a shallow, cylindrical “pan”. The “pan” has a wall of two layers, both of which are thickened with a regular periodicity so that they appear to be “beaded”. It is postulated that the “pan“ is formed from rough endoplasmic reticulum and that it synthesizes the amorphous, electron-dense material coating the ENC. The INC is a “saucer-shaped”, electron-dense plaque in which the ends of the spindle microtubules terminate. During metaphase, a “clear zone” separates the INC from the nuclear envelope and persists until telophase. The roles of the amorphous, electron-dense material and the “clear zone” as well as the method of SPB replication are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01287618
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  • 52
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of mitosis in the aphid-pathogenic fungusErynia neoaphidis (1984)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 120 (1984), S. 72-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Fungus ; Mitosis ; Entomophthoraceae ; Erynia neoaphidis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An account of mitosis in the aphid-pathogenic, entomophthoraceous fungusErynia neoaphidis is presented. The mitotic apparatus is characterized by a closed, intranuclear, polarized spindle. Chromosomes are permanently attached by kinetochore microtubules (kcMTs) to the poles during mitosis. The spindle develops as the spindle pole bodies migrate and separate. At metaphase the eccentric spindle contains only kcMTs and is located in a relatively chromatinfree zone. Paired sister kinetochores are arranged in a broad metaphase plate. During anaphase kcMTs shorten, astral and nonchromosomal microtubules develop and elongate and the interpolar distance increases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01287619
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  • 53
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gametogenesis inCoelomomyces dodgei Couch (Blastocladiales, Chytridiomycetes) (1984)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 121 (1984), S. 65-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Blastocladiales ; Chytridiomycetes ; Coelomomyces ; Cytoplasmic cleavage ; Gametogenesis ; Mosquito-copepodpathogen ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of gametogenesis was studied inCoelomomyces dodgei Couch (Blastocladiales, Chytridiomycetes), an obligate parasite of anopheline mosquito larvae and the copepod,Acanthocyclops vernalis. In infected copepods reared under a 16/8 hours light/dark photoperiod at 25 +2 °C., the gametophyte develops over a period of approximately seven days, and gametogenesis is triggered by the onset of the dark period during the last day of development. The initial step of gametogenesis is the elongation of the centriole to form the kinetosome, and measuring time from the onset of the final dark period (0 hours), this occurs prior to the beginning of the light period (8 hours). Subsequently, small vesicles that appear to originate from elements of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) fuse at the distal end of the kinetosome forming the flagellar vesicle into which the axonemal microtubules elongate to form the flagellum (8–12 hours). Similar small vesicles apparently also derived from rER align in planes and fuse to form cleavage furrows which delineate the gamete initials (12–14 hours). As the gamete initials begin forming, the mitochondria within each initial fuse to form a single mitochondrion that associates with the lipid globules and microbodies forming the microbody-lipid globule complex (12–16 hours). The time elapsed between the formation of the flagellar vesicle to the release of mature gametes from the copepod host is about 8.5 hours. No differences were observed in the processes or timing of gametogenesis in male and female gametophytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279753
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  • 54
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the gametes ofCoelomomyces dodgei Couch (Blastocladiales, Chytridiomycetes) (1984)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 121 (1984), S. 77-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Blastocladiales ; Coelomomyces ; Gametes ; Mosquitocopepod pathogen ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary As part of an investigation on the developmental biology ofCoelomomyces dodgei Couch (Blastocladiales, Chytridiomycetes), the ultrastructure of the male and female gametes was studied. The nucleus is central and conical in shape except for a basal spur that curves back towards the large plate-like mitochondrion. A nuclear cap of ribosomes sits on the flat anterior end of the nucleus. Approximately seven lipid globules are partially embedded in the mitochondrion and are interconnected by membrane cisternae. The lipid globules are covered by a single fenestrated microbody and a backing membrane lies between the microbody and the gamete plasma membrane. The kinetosome is at the base of the nucleus and is connected to a single, posterior, whiplash flagellum. A nonkinetosomal centriole is absent. In the peripheral cytoplasm of both mating types there is a paracrystalline body of unknown composition and function. No significant ultrastructural differences were found between the male and female gametes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01279754
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  • 55
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    Electronic Resource
    Etioplast-chloroplast transformation in maize leaves: Effects of tissue age and light intensity (1984)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 119 (1984), S. 110-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Plastid greening ; Zea mays ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The effects of light intensity and cell age on the greening of etioplasts were studied in seedlings of maize. We could see that in the youngest tissues examined by us the etioplast greening is very fast and occurs according to a particular pattern which is characterized by the contemporary presence of grana and large non crystalline prolamellar bodies. On the contrary, in the oldest examined tissues the etioplast greening is slow and the formation of grana appears to be delayed and subsequent to the using up of the prolamellar bodies. In the young tissues the intensity of the light mainly affects the duration of the lag-phase preceding the chlorophyll accumulation, while in the old tissues it also affects the total amount of chlorophyllous pigments, the restraining effect of the light appearing amplified by a concomitant restraining effect of cell age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01287823
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  • 56
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    Electronic Resource
    The occurrence of calyx nodules inPsychotria spp. (Rubiaceae) (1984)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 121 (1984), S. 199-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Psychotria ; Leaf nodules ; Calyx nodules ; Symbiosis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The occurrence and structure of calyx nodules in the flowers of two leaf nodulated rubiaceous speciesPsychotria punctata Vatke andPsychotria kirkii Hiern. has been described for the first time at the ultrastructural level. Bacteria, resident in colleter-secreted mucilage in the space between calyx and corolla, invade stomatal pores which develop on the calyx protoderm. The bacteria proliferate in the substomatal cavity and then invade the calyx mesophyll. This invasion is most pronounced inP. punctata where the bacteria even penetrate and enter the cells of the vascular tissue. Although no sheath forms around the calyx nodules, the calyx mesophyll cells surrounded by the bacteria become identical in shape, size and secretory function to the invasive mesophyll cells of leaf nodules. The functional and evolutionary significance of calyx nodulation is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01282313
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  • 57
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    Electronic Resource
    The fine structure of granular amoebocytes from the gonads of the sea anemoneActinia fragacea (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) (1984)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 122 (1984), S. 203-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Actinia fragacea ; Granular amoebocytes ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The structure of granular amoebocytes of the intertidal sea anemoneActinia fragacea (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) has been investigated using the electron microscope. Cells from the gonads of large, intact individuals were studied in most detail, but other regions of the anemone were also examined. The amoebocytes are cells of variable appearance which are widely distributed both in the mesogloea and in the epithelial cell layers. They contain numbers of characteristic dense granules, which may enclose spherical cores of greater or lesser electron density. They also contain rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and a range of inclusions, some of which may have lysosomal origins. They may contain extensive deposits of glycogen, and usually smaller quantities of lipid droplets. They may take on a variety of forms, depending partly on their location within the various types of mesogloea and epithelia. The amoebocytes appear to be motile and phagocytic, and may also be involved in the storage and transport of glycogen. They are involved with gametogenesis, both during the development of the oocytes and spermatogenic cysts and during the resorption of degenerating gametes. Their possible role in the secretion or maintenance of the mesogloea remains uncertain. No evidence of amoebocytes differentiating into other cell types was obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01281698
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  • 58
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The nucleolar cycle in karyomeres ofTetranychus urticae Koch (Acari, Tetranichidae) in relation to replication of fragments of holokinetic chromosomes (1984)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 123 (1984), S. 78-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Chromosome fragments ; Holokinetic chromosomes ; Karyomeres ; Nucleolar material ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Chromosomes and nucleoli in the karyomeres of cleavage eggs of the arrhenotokous spidermiteTetranychus urticae Koch were treated with a silver-staining procedure for nucleolar material to establish the number of nucleoli and of the chromosomes that produce them. Each of the three holokinetic chromosomes of the haploid chromosome complement produces nucleolar material. This is confirmed by observations on the ultrastructure of karyomeres in serial sections of interphase cleavage divisions. These findings are thought to be in agreement with facts from previous radiation research and may help to explain the fate of induced fragments in holokinetic chromosomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01283184
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  • 59
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    The behavior of the plasma membrane following osmotic contraction of isolated protoplasts: Implications in freezing injury (1984)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 123 (1984), S. 83-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Freeze-fracture ; Isolated rye protoplasts ; Osmotic contraction ; Plasma membrane-derived vesicles ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Following osmotic contraction of isolated rye protoplast (Secale cereale L. cv. Puma) that results in nearly a 50% reduction in volume, the plasma membrane was smooth, with no folding or pleating. Instead, deletion of plasma membrane occurred and numerous cytoplasmic vesicles were observed. As a result, the area of the plasma membrane was reduced by approximately 40%. Thin sections revealed that the cytoplasmic vesicles were membrane bound and not merely voids in the cytoplasm. High resolution video microscopy revealed the extent of vesiculation showing large clusters of cytoplasmic vesicles following osmotic contraction. Labeling the plasma membrane with fluorescein-Con-A prior to hypertonic contraction suggested that the cytoplasmic vesicles were derived from the plasma membrane. Freeze-fracture particle density on both the protoplasmic (PFp) and exoplasmic face (EFp) of the plasma membrane remained unchanged following contraction, which is consistent with a unit-membrane deletion into cytoplasmic vesicles. Upon partial re-expansion of the protoplasts, thin sections showed that the vesicles remained in the cytoplasm. These results using osmotic manipulation confirm earlier observations of isolated protoplasts at the light microscope level. Upon contraction plasma membrane is deleted into cytoplasmic vesicles, which are not readily reincorporated into the plasma membrane upon expansion. Lysis occurs before the original volume and surface area are regained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01283579
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    The taxonomic significance of the mitotic spindle and nucleus-associated organelle ofEntomophaga aulicae (1984)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 120 (1984), S. 84-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Entomophaga aulicae ; Fungi ; Mitosis ; Nucleus associated organelle ; Taxonomy ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Nuclei in protoplasts ofEntomophaga aulicae contain abundant condensed chromatin and a large central nucleolus. The metaphase spindle occupies a small eccentric area of the nucleus while the remainder of the nucleus is filled with condensed chromatin. Small portions of condensed chromatin are aligned along a broad metaphase plate and connected to the spindle poles by kinetochore microtubules. The nucleus associated organelle (NAO) is a solid barlike structure which lies at the spindle poles and is closely associated with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. Comparison of the nuclear characteristics ofE. aulicae with those of other members of theEntomophthorales supports the separation of theEntomophthoraceae from theBasidiobolaceae andAncylistaceae. Further comparison of details of nuclear division in theEntomophthoraceae, specifically NAO morphology, may be useful in helping to delineate evolutionary lines within the family.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01287620
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    Electronic Resource
    Cell division in baeocyte producing cyanobacteria (1984)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 123 (1984), S. 104-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Constrictive binary fission ; Cyanobacteria ; Development ; Multiple fission ; Septate binary fission ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary An ultrastructural examination of cell division in two baeocyte producing cyanobacteria,Pleurocapsa minor andDermocarpa violaceae, reveals two distinct patterns of binary (transverse) fission. Septate binary fission, inPleurocapsa minor, involves centripetal synthesis and deposition of the mucopolymer cell wall layer (L 2). The ingrowth of the cytoplasmic membrane and L 1 cell wall layer, along with the synthesis of the L 2 cell wall layer, results in the formation of a prominent septum. Partitioning of the cell occurs by the constriction of the outer cell wall layers (L 3 and L 4) through the septum. InDermocarpa violaceae, constrictive binary fission occurs by the simultaneous ingrowth or constriction of the cytoplasmic membrane and all cell wall layers (L1, L2, L3, L4). Septate and constrictive binary fission may proceed symmetrically (medially) or asymmetrically (nonmedially). Multiple fission occurs regularly inDermocarpa violaceae and provides for a rapid means of reproduction when compared to binary fission. Successive radial and tangential divisions of the protoplast result in formation of many small daughter cells (baeocytes). The process of multiple fission is similar to septate binary fission with reduced septa being formed. However, constriction of the outer cell wall layers, through the septa, proceeds concurrently with septum formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01283581
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  • 62
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    The influence of cold acclimation on the behavior of the plasma membrane following osmotic contraction of isolated protoplasts (1984)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 123 (1984), S. 161-173 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cold acclimation ; Exocytotic extrusions ; Freeze-fracture ; Isolated rye protoplasts ; Lipid bodies ; Osmotic contraction ; Plasma membrane ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Osmotic contraction of protoplasts isolated from cold acclimated leaves ofSecale cereale L. cv. Puma results in the formation of exocytotic extrusions of the plasma membrane. Numerous knobs or polyps were observed on the surface of the protoplasts with scanning electron microscopy. In thin sections, the extrusions were bounded by the plasma membrane with a densely osmiophilic interior. Cross-fracturing of the extrusions revealed aparticulate bodies within, a further indication that the interior of the extrusions was predominantly lipid material. Freeze-fracture of the plasma membrane suggests a possible source of this lipid material. Following osmotic contraction, the particle density on the plasma membrane protoplasmic face (PFp) increased, being reflected in both a substantial increase in paracrystalline arrays and an increase in the particle density in non-crystalline regions. This increase in particle density indicates that lipid material is preferentially lost from the plasma membrane during contraction. The density on the exoplasmic face (EFp) did not change. Together, these findings suggest that during hypertonic contraction of acclimated protoplasts, lipid material is preferentially subducted from the plasma membrane and sequestered into lipid bodies (the osmiophilic regions). The formation of lipid bodies and extrusions was readily reversible. Following osmotic expansion of acclimated protoplasts, the extrusions were retracted back into the plane of the plasma membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01281163
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the flagellar apparatus in the green flagellateSpermatozopsis similis (1984)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 146 (1984), S. 145-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Chlorophyceae ; Spermatozopsis similis ; Ultrastructure ; green flagellate ; flagellar apparatus ; function ; phylogeny
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The ultrastructure of the flagellar apparatus of the naked, biflagellate green algaSpermatozopsis similis Preisig & Melkonian has been studied in detail using an absolute configuration analysis. The two basal bodies are displaced by 350 nm in the 1/7 o'clock direction and do not overlap proximally. They are interconnected by a principal distal connecting fibre consisting of a bundle of 5–8 nm filaments and possibly two proximal striated connecting fibres. The flagellar root system is cruciate (5-2-5-2 or 4-2-4-2 system) and contains a prominent continuous system I fibre overlying the two opposite two-stranded roots. A system II fibre is absent. Pronounced structural differences have been observed in the flagellar apparatus ultrastructure at two types of flagella orientation: During backward swimming basal bodies are parallel, the distal connecting fibre is extremely contracted; during forward swimming basal bodies assume various angles (from 20° to 180°) and the connecting fibre is about five times longer compared to the contracted state. The function of the connecting fibre as a contractile organelle and the mechanism of its contraction are discussed. On the basis of the flagellar apparatus ultrastructure,Spermatozopsis similis is related toChlamydomonas-type green algae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00989542
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    Electronic Resource
    The role of electric interactions in the retention index concept; Implications in quantitative structure-retention studies (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 615-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Retention index ; Electric parameters ; Physico-chemical relationships ; Structure-retention study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A new equation is derived relating the retention index to the molecular polarizabilities, ionization potentials and permanent dipole moments of the stationary phase and the solute. Various implications of this equation to quantitative structure-retention relationships are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261974
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    Electronic Resource
    Air-sampling of aldehydes—Application to chromatographic determination of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 137-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Aldehydes and ketones ; 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-coated silica gel ; Gas chromatography ; Column liquid chromatography ; Pollution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary After a brief review of several methods described in the literature this paper discusses air-sampling on 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-coated silica gel and identification requirements for aldehydes and ketones most commonly found in industrial pollution. Quantitative analysis of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde either by GC or by HPLC techniques is established using a dynamic system producing test atmospheres and compared with the usual colorimetric determinations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02258770
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  • 66
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    Investigation of interaction of olefin-bonded transition metal complexes by gas chromatography. Diphenylphosphine complexes with CoCl2 and CoBr2 (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 205-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Metal complexes ; Chemically bonded phase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Packings consisting of diphenylphosphine complexes with CoCl2 and CoBr2, chemically bonded to the silica surface, were synthesized and their retention parameters determined. The packings are capable of specifically interacting with electron-donating compounds by forming π-complexes. The interaction is considerably stronger in the case of CoBr2-containing packing than in the case of CoCl2-containing packing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276734
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  • 67
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    Electronic Resource
    Resolution and assignment of the configuration of secondary aliphatic alcohols by gas chromatography on chiral phase (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 294-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Configuration ; Resolution ; Alcohols
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The study of the resolution of sixteen secondary aliphatic alcohols by gas chromatography on (+)-dodecyl (2R, 3R)-tartrate, trapping the ascending part of the peak from a conventional filled column, has allowed the determination in a single operation of the sign and order of emergence of enantiomers. A correlation between the configuration of these secondary alcohols and their order of emergence has been established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259080
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  • 68
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    Esterification of C2−C16 dicarboxylic acids to n-butyl esters in aqueous solutions for their gas chromatographic analysis (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 637-641 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Esterification in aqueous solution ; n-Butyl esters of C2−C16 dicarboxylic acids ; Dicarboxylic acid analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary C2−C16 dicarboxylic acids were esterified in aqueous solution in the presence of sulfuric acid. Esterification in water/n-butanol mixtures with mole ratios between 0.02 and 2.53 can be utilized for the quantitative determination of the dicarboxylic acids by gas chromatography. The presence of water does not interfere at water/n-butanol mole ratios below 0.27. For mole ratios above 0.27 anhydrous sodium sulfate has been used for binding the water. The mole ratio range was 0.25–0.75 for anhydrous sodium sulfate/water, and 0.32–1.3 for sulfuric acid/anhydrous sodium sulfate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261980
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    Electronic Resource
    Gas chromatographic analysis of aromatic, carboxylic acids in the presence of C1−C5 fatty acids and C2−C7 dicarboxylic acids esterified in aqueous solutions as the n-butyl esters (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 673-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Esterification in aqueous solution ; n-Butyl esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The direct esterification and gas chromatographic analysis of aromatic carboxylic acids as n-butyl esters is described. Derivatization is performed in aqueous solution with n-butanol in the presence of sulfuric acid. The butyl esters of benzoic, phthalic, hemimellitic, trimellitic, trimesic and pyromellitic acids permit their gas chromatographic separation from each other and from fatty acids and alipatic dicarboxylic acids. At mole ratios of [H2O]/ [n-BuOH]≤0.04 the water present does not interfere with the esterification reaction. At mole ratios above 0.04 anhydrous sodium sulfate is used for binding the water, at mole ratios of [Na2SO4 anh.]/[H2O]=0.25–0.75.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265812
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    Electronic Resource
    The preparation of analytically stable, immobilized stationary phase coatings on colums packing materials (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 11-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Cross-linked Stationary phase ; Immobilized Stationary phase ; Packed columns ; Trapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A coating of silicone SE-54 on Chromosorb W has been converted to an analytically stable, immobilized stationary phase layer by cross-linking with an organic peroxide. Up to 10% by weight has been applied in this manner. Excellent high temperature qualities are exhibited, such as low bleeding and good base line stability, during typical analyses. Poly (2,6-dimethyl-p-phenylene oxide) has also been crosslinked as a surface coating on Chromosorb W with an organic peroxide. From 3 to 4% by weight has been immobilized in this way. The resultant packing material, following high temperature conditioning, has been examined for use as an adsorbent of trace substances, similar to the applications to which such adsorbents as Tenax GC have commonly been applied, e.g. trace analysis of air. It appears to exhibit satisfactory properties for this analytical purpose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02279455
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    Chromatographic determination of tetramethrin on woolen cloth and in aqueous treatment formulations (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 556-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Liquid chromatography ; Tetramethrin ; Residues
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A method is described for the analysis of tetramethrin aqueous formulation and residues of tetramethrin on woolen cloth. The samples were extracted with acetonitrile and partitioned with benzene. Interferences were removed by liquid column chromatography with acid alumina and eluted with 10% ethyl acetate-hexane. Analysis was by gas chromatography with a 10% UCW98 (methylsilicone) column. Detection was made with the flame ionization detector to avoid the repeated dilutions necessary with use of the electron capture detector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265694
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  • 72
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    Electronic Resource
    Solubilities and partial molar enthalpies of solution for polar gas-liquid systems determined by gas chromatography (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 663-667 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Gas solubilities ; Enthalpies of solution ; Polar solutions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The gas-liquid chromatographic method has been used to determine the solubilities and partial molar enthalpies of solution of the gases H2S, CO2 and COS in four polar solvents. The results agree well with literature values obtained using conventional techniques, with the one exception of H2S in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone. In this case there is some evidence for the occurrence of adsorption at the gas-liquid interface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265810
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    Electronic Resource
    Viscosity of gases used as the mobile phase in gas chromatography (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 243-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Carrier gas ; Viscosity ; Influence of temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The vicosity-temperature relationship of the three gases (helium, nitrogen and hydrogen) most frequenly used as the carrier gas in gas chromatography is studied. Based on available data, equaitions are derived to describe this relationship. Using these equations viscosity data are tabulated for the chromatographically important temperature range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02270558
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    Electronic Resource
    Interactions of some polar compounds with methylsilicone liquid phases in gas chromatography (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 202-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Polysiloxane stationary phases ; Heat of adsorption ; Heat of solution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The changes in the heat of solution of polar compounds and xylene isomers in methylsilicone fluid OV-101 deposited on Chromosorb W AW DMCS were studied. It was shown that the heat of solution increases with an increase of the percentage loading of the OV-101 up to 10%. Solution and adsorption thermodynamic characteristics of the studied system are briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02276733
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  • 75
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    Electronic Resource
    On-column injection in the stopped-flow mode with open-tubular columns (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 234-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Open-tubular columns ; On-column injection ; Stopped-flow operation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A simple, inexpensive, on-column injector of the septum moving-needle kind is described for quantitative analysis using open-tubular columsn. when operated in the stopped-flow mode an improvement incolumn efficiency is observed combined wit a diminished tendency to produce split-top peaks, particularly for late eluting peaks. Using electronic integration a relative error of about 2.7% was observed for peaks spanning a wide range of sample concentrations and volatilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02270556
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  • 76
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    Electronic Resource
    A thermodynamic criterion for the identification of the functional group of aliphatic compounds by gas chromatography (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 449-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Thermodynamic relationships ; Retention index ; Peak identification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A thermodynamic criterion, ΔQ, is suggested which permits to estimate the difference in the functional group energy of interactions for two different stationary phases. The linear dependence of ΔQ on the homolog number m of any series Rm X can be used as the thermodynamic criterion for the identification of substances by GC analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262976
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  • 77
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    Electronic Resource
    Performance of open tubular columns as a function of tube diameter and liquid phase film thickness (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 477-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Open tubular (capillary) columns ; Sample capacity ; Column comparison ; Film thickness ; Column diameter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Wall-coated, open-tubular (capillary) columns prepared from different diameter tubing, with different liquid phase film thickness, are compared with each other and with packed and support-coated open-tubular columns. The comparison is based on the variation of the phase ratio and the capacity factor, and includes column efficiency (HETP, theoretical plate number), resolution, retention time, and sample capacity. Problems associated with the evaluation of the sample capacity are outlined. The influence of temperature on column performance is discussed in detail. Finally, the possibilities of short, wide-bore open-tubular columns prepared with a thick liquid-phase film are demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02267232
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  • 78
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    Analysis of carboxylic acids by gas chromatography. Derivatisation using chloroacetone (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 309-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Carboxylic acids ; Acetonyl derivatives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The preparation of the acetonyl esters of nine aliphatic carboxylic acids is described, the general formula of the derivatives being RCOOCH2COCH3 where R=alkyl or H. The derivatives show good chromatographic properties on both packed and capillary columns. The electron impact and chemical ionisation mass spectra of the derivatives are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259083
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  • 79
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    Gas chromatographic determination of parabens in various pharmaceutical dosage forms (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 260-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Parabens and their dissolution ; Pharmaceutical dosage forms ; Derivatization ; Gas chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A specific, sensitive and general applicabla gas chromatographic method is described for the determination of parabens in various liquid pharmaceutical preparations: propylparaben and butylparaben in a liquid antacid dosage form (I); methylparaben, ethylparaben and propylparaben in a syrup (II); methylparaben and propylparaben in a solution for injection (III). Each time one of the parabens is used as internal standard. The parabens are extracted with diethylether and derivatized by silylation. Different columns are used for the analysis of the parabens: 3% SE-30 column, a 3% QF-1 column for different selectivity, a 2% OV-1 column for isothermal operation. Special attention is attributed to the standard: the parabens are dissolved in a minimal amount of 0.1 M sodium hydroxide and extracted in the same way as the pharmaceutical dosage form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02270561
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  • 80
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    Electronic Resource
    Open tubular columns: The influence of changing the liquid phase film thickness on column efficiency (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 367-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Open tubular (capillary) columns ; Variation of film thickness ; Thick-film columns ; Mass transfer terms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The factors characterizing the influence of the variation of the liquid phase film thickness on the mass transfer terms in the Golay equations describing the performance of open tubular columns are investigated and numerical values are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262482
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  • 81
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    Gas-liquid chromatography of isopropylidene-glucose and glucose as their trimethylsilyl derivatives (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 21-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Isopropylidene-glucose ; Glucose ; GC of TMS-derivatives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary This paper describes the gas chromatographic separation of the mixture of di- and mono-O-isopropylidene-D-glucose and D-glucose as their trimethylsilyl derivatives. The use of OV-101 as liquid phase provides a complete separation for the all components in the mixture. Quantative analysis was performed using xylitol as the internal standard for di- and mono-O-isopropylidene-D-glucose, and sorbitol as the internal standard for α-and β-glucose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02279458
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  • 82
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    Coupling of chromatography and NMR part 5: Analysis of high-boiling gas-chromatographic fractions by on-line nuclear magnetic resonance (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 31-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Terpenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A procedure is described for recording1H NMR spectra of flowing gaseous GC fractions boiling as high as 200°C. The line width of the signals in the NMR spectra is smaller than 2.2Hz.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02279461
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    Morphometric and fine-structural studies of rat pancreatic acinar cells during early postnatal life (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 123-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pancreas, exocrine (rat) ; Ultrastructure ; Morphometry ; Development, ontogenetic ; Zymogen granules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pancreatic acinar cells of rats obtained at 1,2, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days of age were examined using fine structural and morphometric techniques. From 5 days of age onwards, the acinar cells were analysed twice per day, at 20.00 h and 08.00 h. The present study demonstrates changes in the average volume of the cell, nucleus and cytoplasm, and volume densities of various cytoplasmic organelles during the first two weeks after birth. During early postnatal life, the volume density of rER increases, whereas that of zymogen granules decreases. From 5 days of age onwards, the volume densities of these two organelles differ significantly at 20.00 h and 08.00 h. During the first 2–3 days after birth, inclusion body-like structures appear in the cytoplasm of acinar cells; they contain aggregated zymogen granules and, sometimes, amorphous structures or cytoplasmic organelles. These structures also occur in interstitial cells and cells located in the intercalated region between acinar and ductal epithelial cells. Serum level of α-amylase activity is high at birth, compared with other stages during the first three weeks. Degenerating acinar cells and cell debris can be seen in the acinar and ductal lumina during these stages, a feature suggesting holocrine secretion. Cellular polarity appears to be incomplete during the first two or three days after birth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00229207
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  • 84
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    Ultrastructure of the epididymis of the tammar, Macropus eugenii, and its relationship to sperm maturation (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 525-535 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Epididymis (marsupials) ; Ultrastructure ; Sperm maturation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ductus epididymidis of the tammar is lined by an epithelium composed of principal, mitochondria-rich, apical and basal cells, and intraepithelial leucocytes. The epithelium is structurally differentiated into 6 zones referred to as the initial segment, middle segment (3 subdivisions) and terminal segment (2 subdivisions). The occurrence of the initial, middle and terminal segments corresponds quite closely to the anatomical differentiation of the epididymis into a head, body and tail. The initial segment epithelium in the tammar is lower and has shorter and more slender stereocilia than in other mammals which have been described. Otherwise, the structure of the epithelium has similar characteristics in the tammar to that described in other mammals. Spermatozoa begin to develop the capacity for motility within the initial segment, but only show structural signs of maturation in the middle segment. The sperm head rotates through 90 degrees in the proximal subdivision of the middle segment. The cytoplasmic droplet is detached and spermatozoa develop the capacity for motility in the middle subdivision of the middle segment. The cytoplasmic droplets are phagocytosed by the epididymal epithelium of the middle segment. Sperm storage appears to be the main function of the terminal segment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228437
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  • 85
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural immunocytochemical demonstration of D2-protein in adrenal medulla (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 497-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: D2 glycoprotein ; Adrenal gland ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Cell adhesion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural localization of the glycoprotein D2 in rat adrenal gland was investigated using immunohistochemical methods, and D2 localization in cultures of adult bovine chromaffin cells was studied by immunofluorescence. D2 was found to be situated on nerve fibers passing through the adrenal cortex and in the medulla zone, and also on the surface of all chromaffin cells. In addition, it was strongly expressed on the surface of glial (Schwann) cells. Cortical cells were unreactive to the antiserum. In cultures, all adrenalin and noradrenalin [dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH)-positive] cells were surface labelled for D2. A less frequent second cell type was recognized in vitro which was DBH negative but D2 positive. Such cells were presumed to be Schwann cells. These data are discussed in terms of the developmental origin of the cells and with regard to the putative functional rôle of D2 in cell adhesion phenomena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219864
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  • 86
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    Electronic Resource
    The spatial organization of nucleolar DNA in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes of the guinea pig (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 65-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Lymphocytes ; Phytohemagglutinin stimulation ; Nucleolar organizer region ; Three-dimensional reconstruction ; Ultrastructure ; Guinea pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructural changes in the spatial organization of nucleolar DNA in lymphocytes during phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation was studied in guinea pigs by means of oxidized diaminobenzidine (DAB) at low pH as a differentially contrasting stain for nucleic acids and by the use of reconstruction of serial sections. The extended DNA filaments situated inside the fibrillar area originate from a large aggregation of heterochromatin, which is closely associated with the nucleolus, and from the perinucleolar shell of condensed chromatin. It is suggested that these two distinct regions of chromatin might be associated with different functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213724
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  • 87
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    Electronic Resource
    Degenerative regression of the digestive tract in the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlossen (Pallas) (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 309-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Ascidian ; Gut ; Cell involution ; Ultrastructure ; Phagocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Degenerative changes in the digestive tract of zooids of Botryllus schlosseri were studied by light and electron microscopy. Three main processes occurred in the tissues: contraction, involution and phagocytosis. The contraction of epidermis and peribranchial epithelium in which cytoplasmic microfilaments probably participate, seemed to have a special role in compressing the underlying organs. During contraction most of the body cavities collapsed, the branchial walls disintegrated and the fragments were rapidly taken up by large phagocytes. The gut epithelium retained its apparent continuity longer, though isolated phagocytes infiltrated it to eliminate single cells. Cell degeneration came about chiefly either through swelling and lysis of cells or through loss of water and condensation of cytoplasm and nucleus. The fate of all regressed tissues was to be engulfed and digested by wandering phagocytes. However, it was also observed that numerous cells of different epithelia could act as fixed phagocytes by engulfing cell debris and entire cells into heterophagic vacuoles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217855
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  • 88
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    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of submandibular glands of mice with testicular feminization (Tfm/Y) (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 295-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Tfm/Y mouse ; Submandibular gland ; Sexual ; dimorphism ; Androgens ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The fine structure of the submandibular gland of the mouse with testicular feminization (Tfm/Y) was studied by light and electron microscopy. The architecture of the Tfm/Y gland proved to be rather similar to that of the normal female mouse in both tubular ratio and structure. Granular convoluted tubular cells in Tfm/Y mice characteristically had fewer secretory granules and increased cytoplasmic vacuoles than normal littermates, suggesting an altered synthesis of secretory granules in this cell type of the Tfm/Y mouse. Moreover, there were differences in the ultrastructure of submandibular glands between Tfm/Y and normal female mice. In the gland of the Tfm/Y mouse, basal striations of the striated secretory tubular cells were not so developed and granular intercalated duct cells were less than those of normal females. These findings support the evidence that the secretory tubule of the mouse submandibular gland responds to androgens, resulting in accentuated development in the male, while also suggesting the possibility that the mouse submandibular gland is regulated by other factors which lead to the prominent sexual dimorphism observed in this gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217853
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  • 89
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    Electronic Resource
    Plasma cells in adult Atlantic hagfish, Myxine glutinosa (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 235 (1984), S. 691-693 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Plasma cells ; Ultrastructure ; Immunology ; Myxinoids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Hagfishes, the most primitive vertebrates, are of special interest for the evolution of immune responses. Eptatretus stoutii, the Pacific hagfish, is able to mount cellular and humoral immune responses but all attempts to demonstrate in them the presence of plasma cells have failed. In the present study we demonstrate for the first time plasma cells identifiable by ultrastructural criteria in the pronephros, a primitive lymphohaemopoietic organ, of Myxine glutinosa, the Atlantic hagfish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226970
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  • 90
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    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemistry and ultrastructure of the neuropil located ventral to the rat supraoptic nucleus (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 171-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Supraoptic nucleus ; Neuropil ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The neuropil located ventral to the SON was investigated by the use of immunoperoxidase staining for neurophysins, oxytocin and vasopressin, and electron miroscopy. The study was performed in six groups of rats: 1) control; 2) infusion of isotonic saline into the CSF; 3) infusion of hypertonic saline into the CSF; 4) drinking hypertonic saline for 4 days; 5) same as group 4 but injection of colchicine into the CSF on second day of dehydration; 6) salt loading for 3 months. In the control rats the ventral neuropil contained a few immunoreactive processes, the general morphology of which was completely different from that of the neurosecretory axons emerging from the SON at its dorsal aspect. In rats of groups 3 to 6 the ventral processes (VP) became loaded with neurosecretory granules, whereas the perikarya and axons were depleted. Based on their general morphology and reactivity pattern it is suggested that the VP are dendrites. Most of these “dendrites” were embedded in a glial cushion formed by the processes of a particular type of marginal glia. Some of these “dendrites” enveloped an arteriole penetrating the optic tract. All VP were rich in synaptic contacts. The possibility that the VP of neurosecretory cells may be functionally related to the subarachnoid CSF and the arteriolar blood flow is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216528
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  • 91
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    Electronic Resource
    Peripolar cell hypertrophy in the renal juxtaglomerular region of newborn sheep (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 197-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Peripolar cells ; Juxtaglomerular apparatus ; Newborn sheep ; Dexamethasone ; Ultrastructure ; Cytoplasmic granules
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the renal juxtaglomerular region of newborn sheep, it was found that glomerular peripolar cells and their granules were very much larger than those found in fetal lambs or adult sheep. Similar peripolar cell hypertrophy was triggered in fetal lambs treated in utero with intraperitoneal injections of dexamethasone. Ultrastructurally, granules of peripolar cells from newborn lambs resembled closely the enlarged zymogen granules described in the pancreas of newborn rats. Such peripolar cell hypertrophy may reflect a functional adaptation of the kidney to immediate postnatal life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216531
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  • 92
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    Electronic Resource
    Proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells during development of Barbus conchonius (Teleostei, Cyprinidae) (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 207-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Development ; Enterocytes ; Fish ; Mitosis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The processes of proliferation, cell division and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells have been studied during development of the fish, Barbus conchonius. On the 3rd day, nearly all cells of the presumptive gut proliferate. Once the intestinal epithelium begins to differentiate, a decreasing percentage of proliferative cells can be found. On the 7th day, when intestinal folds start to develop, the proliferative cells become restricted to the future basal parts of the folds. Ultrastructural examination of 3H-thymidine-labeled cells and mitotic cells of 6-day-old larvae shows that functional enterocytes are proliferative. The same feature is suggested for older fish. Proliferating undifferentiated “dark” cells, characterized by many free ribosomes and a few organelles, are also present in the intestinal epithelium of larval fish; they are considered to be stem cells, mainly for goblet cells. Proliferating goblet cells and enteroendocrine cells were not observed. The latter cell type is scarce and has a long turnover time. A common feature of all these dividing cells is the presence of isolated spherical to cylindrical lamellar structures which may have lost contact with the cell membrane during prophase; they probably regain this contact by fusion with the cell membrane at the end of mitosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216533
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  • 93
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure and morphometry of the stomach muscle of Amphiuma tridactylum (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 236 (1984), S. 393-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Smooth muscle ; Salamander, Amphiuma ; Ultrastructure ; Stereology ; Volume: surface area ratio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An ultrastructural and stereological examination was performed on stomach smooth muscle of the salamander Amphiuma. This tissue has very large cells, ranging up to 12×1500 μm when relaxed. The extracellular space is 31% of the tissue volume, and the tissue contains 84.6% water. These values are similar to those of other amphibian and mammalian gastrointestinal smooth muscle. The cells possess the usual smooth muscle organelles. Thick, thin and intermediate filaments are present, along with membrane-associated and cytoplasmic dense regions. There is a well-developed sarcoplasmic reticulum and many microtubules. Caveolae are found in rows along the cellular surface; the caveolae increase the cellular surface area by about 70%. The ratio mean volume: surface area of the cells is 1.26 μm. This tissue appears to be typical of gastrointestinal smooth muscle, with the exception of the very large size of the cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214243
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  • 94
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure and innervation of the swimbladder of Tetractenos glaber (Tetraodontidae) (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 277-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Swimbladder ; Teleost ; Cholinergic nerves ; Adrenergic nerves ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The general structure, ultrastructure and innervation of the swimbladder of the smooth toadfish, Tetractenos glaber, were examined with light-microscopic, fluorescence-histochemical, and transmission electron-microscopic techniques. The structure of the swimbladder is similar to that of other euphysoclists. Fluorescence histochemistry showed adrenergic fibres in both the secretory and resorptive areas of the swimbladder. Transmission electron microscopy revealed two morphologically distinct axon profiles type-I profiles containing many small, flattened vesicles; type-II profiles containing both large, granular vesicles and rounded, small clear vesicles in varying proportions. The gas-gland cells and surrounding muscularis mucosae are innervated by both type-I and type-II fibres. Type-I fibres also innervate pre-rete arteries. The rete- and gas-gland capillaries do not appear to be innervated. Arteries running to the resorptive area are innervated by type-I fibres. Both type-I and type-II profiles make contact with the muscularis mucosae in the resorptive area. Only type-I fibres innervate the radial dilator muscle in the oval sphincter region, whereas only type II fibres innervate the circular muscle of the oval sphincter. Type-I fibres took up α-methyl-noradrenaline, and could not be found after pre-treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine. They are, therefore, assumed to be adrenergic. Type-II fibres were tentatively identified, by exclusion, as cholinergic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217146
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  • 95
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    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of regenerating scales and their associated cells in the cichlid Hemichromis bimaculatus (Gill) (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 237 (1984), S. 537-547 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Scale ; Regeneration ; Ultrastructure ; Cichlid ; Hemichromis bimaculatus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Scale regeneration has been studied in Hemichromis bimaculatus. The removed scale, which serves as a control, is covered by its surrounding scleroblasts as can be seen with scanning electron microscopy. Subsequently, during regeneration, a population of scleroblasts arises in the empty dermal pocket as shown with transmission electron microscopy. At first, an elongated papilla of regeneration forms, probably from the differentiation of dermal fibroblasts. A scale anlage composed of the osseous layer appears in the middle of the papilla, which becomes a regenerating bag. All the surrounding large scleroblasts are involved in scale formation, although later three populations of scleroblasts specialize according to their location around the scale. Superficial scleroblasts flatten when the final thickness of the osseous layer of the scale is attained; the deep scleroblasts are responsible for the formation of the basal plate whereas marginal scleroblasts increase the diameter of the osseous layer of the scale. During scale regeneration, scleroblasts are more numerous and larger than during scale ontogenesis. In particular, deep scleroblasts form a columnar epithelium when the basal plate is laid down, a feature which is not found during scale ontogenesis. Moreover, the regenerated basal plate exhibits an orthogonal “plywood” arrangement that is never seen in the embryonic scale where the “plywood” is of the intermediate type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00228438
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  • 96
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure and immunolabeling of gonadotrops and thyrotrops in the pituitary of the African catfish, Clarias lazera (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 95-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland, pars anterior (distalis) ; Gonadotrops ; Thyrotrops ; Ultrastructure ; Immunolabeling ; Teleosts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pituitaries of the African catfish (Clarias lazera) were studied with immunocytochemical methods, at the light-microscopic and ultrastructural levels, for the characterization and localization of gonadotropic and thyrotropic cells. Two immunostaining procedures with the use of different markers were carried out: (i) with peroxidase-antiperoxidase, (ii) with protein A-gold. In routinely stained sections for light microscopy two types of basophils were identified in the proximal pars distalis: (1) large, round, purple cells, and (2) small, angular, light-blue cells. Both types were immunolabeled with antibodies against Clarias α,β-gonadotropin (GTH) and salmon G100-GTH. Only the large basophils were immunolabeled with anti-carp β-GTH, whereas the small basophils were the only cells immunolabeled with anti-human thyrotropin beta subunit (anti-h TSH-β). It was concluded that the large basophils represent the gonadotrops and the small basophils the thyrotrops. At the ultrastructural level the immunostaining of the GTH-cells was confined to three types of inclusions: (i) secretory vesicles, (ii) globules, and (iii) electron-dense, membrane-bound irregular masses. Especially the protein A- gold method, in combination with the use of a highly diluted homologous antiserum, resulted in a distinct localization of GTH. The presence of two types of nerve fibres, synaptically contacting the gonadotrops, is discussed with regard to the presence of a peptidergic (stimulatory) and an aminergic (inhibitory) control of GTH-secretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215149
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  • 97
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural immunocytochemical evidence for peptidergic neurotransmission in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 197-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Peptidergic neurotransmission ; Lymnaea stagnalis ; Immunocytochemistry ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three neuronal systems of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis were immunocytochemically investigated at the ultrastructural level with the unlabeled peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. Preliminary electrophysiological and cell-filling investigations have shown that a cluster of neurons which reacts positively with an antiserum against the molluscan cardio-active peptide FMRFamide, sends axons to the penis retractor muscle. In this muscle anti-FMRF-amide (aFM) positive axons form neuro-muscular synapses with (smooth) muscle fibers. The morphological observations suggest the aFM immunoreactive system to be involved in peptidergic neurotransmission. In the right parietal ganglion a large neuron (LYAC) is penetrated by aFM positive axons which form synapse-like structures (SLS) with the LYAC. The assumption that the SLS represent the morphological basis for peptidergic transmission is sustained by the observation that iontophoretical application of synthetic FMRFamide depolarizes the LYAC. The axons of a group of pedal anti-vasopressin (aVP) positive cells run in close vicinity to the cerebral ovulation (neuro-)-hormone producing cell system (CDC system) Synapses or SLS between the two systems were not observed. The fact that (bath) application of arg-vasopressin induces bursting in the CDC, may indicate that the vasopressin-like substance of the aVP cells is released non-synaptically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215162
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  • 98
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    Electronic Resource
    Organ culture of the goldfish pineal body (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 565-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal organ teleost ; Tissue culture ; Ultrastructure ; Indoles ; High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure and biochemistry of the goldfish pineal organ were examined in expiants cultured for 1, 3, and 6 days. All four cell types (photoreceptor, supportive, ganglion, phagocytic) were identified; they exhibited many of the characteristics of these cells in vivo. Exceptions included a gradual disorganization of the outer segments and reduction of synaptic ribbons in photoreceptors with time in culture. In addition, there was a marked proliferation of endoplasmic reticulum in both photoreceptor and supportive cells. The indoles 5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, 5-methoxytryptophol, and melatonin were separated in expiants by high performance liquid chromatography using electrochemical detection. Serotonin levels could be depleted by p-chlorophenylalanine and elevated by nialamide or by adding 5-hydroxytryptophan to the culture medium. These findings suggest that organ culture may be a useful model for study of regulatory processes related to the photoneuroendocrine functions of the teleost pineal organ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219873
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  • 99
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    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural identification of catecholaminergic fibers in the goldfish pituitary (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 621-626 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Catecholamines ; Pituitary innervation ; Radioautography ; Ultrastructure ; Goldfish
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The monoaminergic innervation of the goldfish pituitary gland was studied by means of light- and electronmicroscopic radioautography after in vitro administration of 3H-dopamine. The tracer was specifically incorporated and retained by part of the type-B fibers innervating the different lobes of the pituitary. In the rostral pars distalis labeled fibers were most frequently observed in contact with the basement membrane separating the neurohypophysis and the adenohypophysis. In the proximal pars distalis and the pars intermedia, labeled profiles were detected in the neural tissue and in direct contact with the different types of secretory cells. According to the previous data concerning the uptake and retention of tritiated catecholamines in the central nervous system, it is assumed that the labeled fibers are mainly catecholaminergic (principally dopaminergic). This study provides morphological evidence for a neuroendocrine function of catecholamines in the goldfish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219880
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peroxidase-positive endothelial cells in rat liver (1984)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 238 (1984), S. 635-642 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Liver ; Endothelium ; Kupffer cells ; Peroxidase ; Cytochemistry ; Ultrastructure ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Rat liver fixed by perfusion with low glutaraldehyde concentrations was incubated in diaminobenzidine-containing medium to stain for peroxidase. Endogenous peroxidatic activity was found not only in Kupffer cells but also in the endothelial cells lining the sinusoids and central veins. The reaction product was localized in the nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum. The peroxidatic activity in endothelial cells showed a concentration-dependent sensitivity to glutaraldehyde: in liver samples fixed with 0.25% glutaraldehyde, approx. 23% of the sinusoidal endothelial cells and 65% of central vein endothelium were peroxidase-positive; with 0.5% glutaraldehyde, only approx. 8% of the sinusoidal endothelial cells contained detectable amounts of the reaction product; with 1.5% glutaraldehyde all endothelial cells were consistently peroxidase-negative. No peroxidatic activity could be found in liver endothelial cells following isolation by centrifugal elutriation. Endothelial cell peroxidase may possibly be involved in defense responses of liver and/or, as a part of prostaglandin synthase system, in prostanoid production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00219882
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