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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Efforts to Explain and Control the Prolonged Thermophilic Period in Two-phase Olive Oil Mill Sludge Composting (2006)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 17 (2006), S. 285-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: composting ; crude oil ; olive mill wastewater ; olive oil mills ; olive tree branches ; olive tree leaves ; sludge ; woodchips
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this paper was to evaluate the use of different bulking agents in different ratios as a means to control, optimise and eventually reduce the duration of the thermophilic period in two-phase olive oil mill sludge (OOMS) composting. The bulking agents used were: (i) olive tree leaves (OTL), (ii) olive tree shredded branches (OTB) and (iii) woodchips (WDC). The selection of these materials was based on their abundance and availability on the island of Crete, the southernmost point of Greece. The ratios studied were: Pile 1, OOMS:OTL in 1:1 v/v; Pile 2, OOMS:WDC in 1:1.5 v/v; Pile 3, OOMS:OTL in 1:2 v/v; Pile 4, OOMS:OTL:OTB in 1:1:1 v/v; and Pile 5, OOMS:OTL:OTB in 1:1:2 v/v. The composting system used was that of windrows with the volume of each pile approximately 20–25 m3. The experiments took place over two consecutive years. A composting turner was used and turnings were performed at one and two week intervals. In each pile a variety of physiochemical parameters were monitored. Temperature remained high in all five trials. Piles 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 temperatures recorded values of above 50 °C for 106, 158, 160, 175 and 183 days, respectively. Volumes were reduced by approximately 67%, 62%, 63%, 80% and 84%, respectively. Temperature remained high, mainly due to the presence in large amounts of oily substances which during their complete oxidation release important amounts of energy and aid the cometabolism of more stable molecules such as lignin. This process is better described as the slow “burning” of a “fuel” mixture in an “engine” than composting. This approach is based on the extensive similarities of this process to that of crude oil sludge or similar waste composting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10532-005-7566-4
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioremediation by Composting of Heavy Oil Refinery Sludge in Semiarid Conditions (2006)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 17 (2006), S. 251-261 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: bioremediation ; composting ; ecotoxicity ; oil sludge
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The present work attempts to ascertain the efficacy of low cost technology (in our case, composting) as a bioremediation technique for reducing the hydrocarbon content of oil refinery sludge with a large total hydrocarbon content (250–300 g kg−1), in semiarid conditions. The oil sludge was produced in a refinery sited in SE Spain The composting system designed, which involved open air piles turned periodically over a period of 3 months, proved to be inexpensive and reliable. The influence on hydrocarbon biodegradation of adding a bulking agent (wood shavings) and inoculation of the composting piles with pig slurry (a liquid organic fertiliser which adds nutrients and microbial biomass to the pile) was also studied. The most difficult part during the composting process was maintaining a suitable level of humidity in the piles. The most effective treatment was the one in which the bulking agent was added, where the initial hydrocarbon content was reduced by 60% in 3 months, compared with the 32% reduction achieved without the bulking agent. The introduction of the organic fertiliser did not significantly improve the degree of hydrocarbon degradation (56% hydrocarbon degraded). The composting process undoubtedly led to the biodegradation of toxic compounds, as was demonstrated by ecotoxicity tests using luminescent bacteria and tests on plants in Petri dishes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10532-005-5020-2
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the πmeson polarizabilities via the γp → γπ+n reaction (2005)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 23 (2005), S. 113-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 12.38.Qk Experimental tests ; 13.40.-f Electromagnetic processes and properties ; 13.60.Le Meson production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. An experiment on the radiative π{+}-meson photoproduction from the proton ( γp → γπ{+}n) was carried out at the Mainz Microtron MAMI in the kinematic region 537MeV 〈 Eγ 〈 817MeV, 140°≤ $ \theta_{{\gamma \gamma ^{\prime }}}^{{{{\rm cm}}}}$ ≤180°. The π{+}-meson polarizabilities have been determined from a comparison of the data with the predictions of two different theoretical models, the first one being based on an effective pole model with pseudoscalar coupling while the second one is based on diagrams describing both resonant and nonresonant contributions. The validity of the models has been verified by comparing the predictions with the present experimental data in the kinematic region where the pion polarizability contribution is negligible ( s1 〈 5mπ2) and where the difference between the predictions of the two models does not exceed 3%. In the region, where the pion polarizability contribution is substantial ( 5 〈 s1/mπ2 〈 15, -12 〈 t/mπ2 〈 - 2), the difference $\ensuremath{(\alpha -\beta )_{\pi^{+}}}$ of the electric (α) and the magnetic (β) polarizabilities has been determined. As a result we find $\ensuremath{(\alpha -\beta )_{\pi^{+}}=(11.6\pm 1.5_{{\rm stat}}\pm 3.0_{{\rm syst}}\pm 0.5_{{\rm mod}})\times 10^{-4}{}{\rm fm^{3}}}$ . This result is at variance with recent calculations in the framework of chiral perturbation theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2004-10056-2
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    General survey of polarization observables in deuteron electrodisintegration (2005)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 23 (2005), S. 147-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.45.+v Few-body systems ; 24.70.+s Polarization phenomena in reactions ; 25.30.Fj Inelastic electron scattering to continuum ; 13.40.-f Electromagnetic processes and properties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Polarization observables in inclusive and exclusive electrodisintegration of the deuteron using a polarized beam and an oriented target are systematically surveyed using the standard nonrelativistic framework of nuclear theory but with leading-order relativistic contributions included. The structure functions and the asymmetries corresponding to the various nucleon polarization components are studied in a variety of kinematic regions with respect to their sensitivity to realistic NN-potential models, to subnuclear degrees of freedom in terms of meson exchange currents, isobar configurations and to relativistic effects in different kinematical regions, serving as a benchmark for a test of present standard nuclear theory with effective degrees of freedom.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epja/i2004-10061-5
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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