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  • 1970-1974  (10.782)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (10.782)
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Erscheinungszeitraum
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  • 101
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 232-232 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 102
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 253-257 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Analysis of the Behavior of the Steel X12 NiCrSi 32 20 at High Temperatures and over Long Periods. The demands made on the performance of materials for chemical plant are constantly growing. Besides the switch to large units we may note only an increase in pressures and temperatures, but for technical and economic reasons also a trend toward optimum utilization of material properties. The service life of structural parts which are subjected to the greatest pressure and temperature stresses must be calculated by means of longtime rupture strength parameters. Since the computational data may fluctuate within certain limits and irregularities in operation can occur, it is difficult to predict the remaining life of operating plant.A synthesis gas plant in which important pressure-stressed components are made of the austenitic material X 12 NiCrSi 32 20 is here taken as an example. An attempt is made to predict the remaining life with the aid of longtime rupture strength parameters which have been determined in our own extended time trials. A comparision of experimental results with elongation values obtained from measurement of the component parts permits a good prediction of the remaining service life. Structural examinations of samples removed from the installation complete the data.
    Notizen: Die Ansprüche an die Leistungsfähigkeit der Werkstoffe für Chemie Anlagen wachen ständig. So ist neben dem Übergang zu großen Einheiten nicht nur ein Ansteigen der Drücke und Temperaturen zu verzeichnen, sondern aus technischen und wirtschaftlichen Gründen auch eine optimale Ausnutzung der Werkstoffeigenschaften. Bei den durch Druck und Temperatur höchstbeanspruchten Bauteilen muß die Lebensdauer anhand von Zeitstandfestigkeitskennwerten berechnet werden. Da die Berechnungsdaten, wie Druck und Temperatur, innerhalb gewisser Grenzen schwanken und Unregelmäßigkeiten im Betrieb auftreten können, ist eine Voraussage der Restlebensdauer von laufenden Anlagen schwierig.Am Beispiel einer Synthesegasanlage, bei der wichtige druckbeanspruchte Bauteile aus dem austenitischen Werkstoff X 12 NiCrSi 32 20 sind, wird versucht, mit Hilfe von Zeitstandfestigkeitskennwerten, die im eigenen Langzeitversuch ermittelt sind, eine Aussage über die Restlebensdauer zu machen. Der Vergleich der Versuchsergebnisse mit den an Bauteilen gemessenen Dehnwerten ermöglicht eine gute Voraussage der noch zu erwartenden Lebensdauer. Gefügeuntersuchungen an herausgetrennten Probestücken vervollständigen die Aussagen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 103
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 277-279 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 104
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 297-307 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Brick-lining of Vessels and Process Units for Chemical Service. Bricklinings are used as an internal protection in chemically attacked vessels and process units. They generally consist of an impermeable membrane and the masonry itself. Materials of the single parts of the lining are described and guidelines for chosing materials and designing the lining are given. After some details of installing the lining typical examples of bricklined vessels and process units are given.
    Notizen: Ausmauerungen werden als Korrosionsschutz für chemisch beanspruchte Behälter und Apparate verwendet. Diese Ausmauerungen bestehen aus der Schutzschicht und dem eigentlichen Mauerwerk. Die Werkstoffe für diese Ausmauerungselemente werden beschrieben und die Gesichtspunkte für die Werkstoffauswahl erläutert. Auf Hinweise zur Ausmauerungstechnik und die Nachbehandlung von Ausmauerungen folgen Beispiele für Behälter und Apparate mit chemisch beständigen Ausmauerungen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 105
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 317-323 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Fracture Mechanics Range of Validity and Application. The range of validity and application of the linear-elastic and elasto-plastic fracture mechanics is determined according to practicable quantitative criteria. The former is applicable to the low stress brittle fracture in brittle materials, the latter is applicable to the higher stress brittle and tear fracture in tougher materials. The real continuum mechanics fracture criterium is not yet determined. The linear-elastic fracture mechanics is widely applicable to fatigue fractures. Taking into account the interaction and sequence effect of low and high load amplitudes is necessary. The fracture mechanics approach to brittle and fatigue fracture is compared with traditional testing techniques.
    Notizen: Der Gültigkeits- und Anwendungsbereich der linear-elastischen und der elastisch-plastischen Rißbruchmechanik wird nach praktikablen quantitativen Kriterien abgegrenzt. Erstere ist beim Niederspannungssprödbruch in relativ sprödem Werkstoff anwendbar, letztere beim Spröd- und Verformungsbruch in Zäherem Werkstoff bei höherer Spannung. Die eigentliche kontinuumsmechanische Bruchbedingung ist dabei noch nicht erfaßt. Die linear-elastische Rißbruchmechanik ist bei Ermüdungsbrüchen weitgehend anwendbar, wobei das Zusammenwirken niedriger und hoher Lastwechsel zu berücksichtigen ist. Die rißbruchmechanische Spröd- und Ermüdungsbruchprüfung wird den herkömmlichen Verfahren gegenübergestellt.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 106
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 340-340 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 107
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 340-340 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 108
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 341-348 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Strains and Stresses in the Area of the Plastic Zone Near the Crack Tip of Precracked Steel Specimens. Models for shape and dimension of the plastic zone near the crack tip of precracked specimens are described and discussed. Using idealized assumptions an area of influence of the plastic zone is postulated in accordance with the shape of the plastic zone observed. In this area an estimation of the stress distribution has been made. X-ray stress measurements have been done in and near the plastic zone.
    Notizen: Modellvorstellungen über Form und Größe der plastischen Zone nahe der Rißspitze angerissener Proben werden beschrieben und anhand experimenteller Beobachtungen diskutiert. Basierend auf der experimentell ermittelten Form der plastischen Zone, wird unter idealisierender Annahme ein Einflußbereich der plastischen Zone postuliert und der Spannungsverlauf innerhalb dieses Bereichs angegeben. Die Ergebnisse röntgenographischer Spannungsmessungen im Bereich der plastischen Zone werden angegeben und diskutiert.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 109
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 374-381 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The Degradation of Polyvinyl Chloride in Corona-discharges In oder to interpret the process of electrical breakdown in polyvinyl chloride cable insulations the chemical degradation of plasticized polyvinyl chloride sheets were studied under model conditions in corona discharges.The alterations of chemical structure within the sheets as well as in the gaseous phase were determined qualitatively and quantitatively.The alterations of chemical structure within the sheets as well as in the gaseous phase were determined qualitatively and quantitatively.From the composition of degradation products and their variation with time of corona discharge the mechanisms of polyvinylchloride and plasticizer degradation could be deduced.
    Notizen: Zur Deutung der Vorgänge beim elektrischen Durchschlag in Polyvinylchlorid (PVC)-Kabelisolierungen wurde die chemische Zersetzung von Weich-PVC-Folien unter Modellbedingungen im elektrischen Glimmfeld untersucht. Die dabei auftretenden chemischen Veränderungen in der Folie sowie im Gasraum wurden qualitativ und quantitativ erfaßt. Aus der Zusammensetzung der Zersetzungsprodukte sowie ihrem Verlauf über der Beglimmzeit konnte auf die Abbaureaktionen des PVC und des Weichmachers bei Glimmbeanspruchung geschlossen werden.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 110
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 395-395 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 111
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 112
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 397-407 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The Creep Behaviour at Room Temperature of Higher Strength Austenitic Steels containing Nitrogen. The mechanical properties of special austenitic steels with increased Cr and Ni contents and N2 content up to 0,35 % have been investigated. In the as-received condition i.e. annealed and water quenched, the 0,2 % offset yield strength of these steels ranges from 400 to 500 N/mm2. However, regardless of these increased yield strengths, the stress-strain characteristics are the same as for conventional austenitic steels. Since first plastic deformations correspond to an applied stress equal to 50 % of the 0,2 % yield strength, in practical applications the creep behaviour of these steels may be significant.Therefore, the creep behaviour at room temperature of the base metals and weldments has been investigated to determine the influence of thermal and mechanical treatments after annealing. The elastic limit of airquenched steels is significantly higher than of water-quenched, even though the 0,2 % yield strengths are essentially the same. This different stress-strain dependence influences the creep behaviour of the steel.The cold working of these steels by plastic straining in both tension and compression results in a useful strain hardening effect only when the direction of applied stress is the same as the stress during cold working. When the direction of stressing was reversed, a considerable Bauschinger-effect was observed.
    Notizen: Untersucht wurden austenitische Sonderstähle mit erhöhten Chrom-Nickel-Gehalten und Stickstoffzusätzen bis zu 0,35 %. Die Stähle weisen im lösungsgeglühten und wasserabgeschreckten Anlieferungszustand 0,2-Grenzen von 400 bis 500 N/mm2 auf. Die von konventionellen austenitischen Stählen bekannte Spannungs-Dehnungs-Charakteristik wird durch die Festigkeitssteigerung jedoch nicht geändert, d. h. ber relativ niedrigen Spannungen von etwa 50 % der 0,2-Grenze setzt erstes plastisches Fließen ein. Daher ist beim Einsatz dieser Stähle bei Spannungen oberhalb 50 % der 0,2-Grenze mit Kriechdehnungen zu rechnen.Das Kriechverhalten dieser Stähle und ihrer Schweißverbindungen wurde bei Raumtemperatur untersucht, wobei auch der Einfluß der Abkühlart nach dem Lösungsglühen sowie der Einfluß einer Kaltverformung berücksichtigt wurde. Luftabgekühlte Stähle zeigen im Vergleich zu den wasserabgeschreckten im Zugversuch eine höhere Elastizitätsgrenze bei praktisch gleicher 0,2-Grenze. Diese veränderte Spannungs-Dehnungs-Charakteristik wirkte sich auch auf das Kriechverhalten aus.Der Einfluß einer Kaltverformung durch Recken wurde unter Zug- und Druckbelastung geprüft. Dabei zeigte sich, daß eine Verfestigung nur bei einer dem Kaltrecken gleichgerichteten Belastung nutzbar ist; bei gegensinniger Beanspruchung tritt ein ausgeprägter Bauschinger-Effekt auf.
    Zusätzliches Material: 26 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 113
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 114
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 413-415 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: A Waterbury-Farrel cold heading machine was instrumented so that the total force and frictional force could be recorded during the first blow operation of AISI 1018 steel wire and the efficiency of various lubricants, including zinc phosphate, was evaluated.Zinc phosphate and other bonded lubricants did not offer any distinct advantage in reducing the coefficient of friction between the wire and the central bore of the first blow punch whereas a low cost liquid lubricant, SAE 30 oil, used either alone on bare wire or with bonded lubricants proved to be the most effective. It is suggested that a low cost liquid lubricant, such as SAE 30 oil, used on bare wire has both economic and operational advantages under conditions where no extrusion is carried out during the first blow.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 115
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 416-428 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The Conductivity of Cermets and other Multiphase Materials  -  Comparison between experimental and calculated electrical Resistivities. It was pointed out in the other two parts of this work, which equations amongst more than fifty enable the calculation of field properties (e. g. electrical and thermal conductivity, magnetic permeability) of multiphase materials (including porous materials) from microstructure parameters on a physical basis. Their derivation has been considered as well. - These „stereometric functions of field properties“ are summarized here revealing the relation between the properties of multiphase materials and the concentration, shape, orientation and properties of their constituent phases.  -  These equations are used now for calculating the electrical resistivity of cermets. Experimental values of about fifty various cermet combinations are compared with theoretical curves. The theoretically predicted dependence of the electrical resistivity on concentration, shape, orientation and temperature is clearly confirmed. Consequently the field properties of multiphase materials can be calculated from their stereometric microstructure data and field properties of their constituent phases. This helps in all cases, where, under certain conditions very low accuracy is to be expected from direct measurements, or when the microstructure can be more easily determined. Furthermore these equations show the direction in which the microstructure should be improved to achieve optimal properties (tailor made materials). Finally, these equations provide a means to avoid cumbersome data collections on multiphase materials, once the properties of the phases are well known.
    Notizen: In den ersten beiden Teilen dieser Arbeit war gezeigt worden, welche der zahlreichen Gleichungen zur Berechnung von Feldeigenschaften (elektrische und thermische Leitfähigkeit, magnetische Permeabilität u. a.) mehrphasiger Werkstoffe (einschließlich poröser Werkstoffe) aus Gefügeparametern physikalisch begründet sind. Ebenfalls erörtert wurde ihre mathematische Ableitung.  -  Diese „Stereometriefunktionen der Feldeigenschaften“ werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit noch einmal zusammengefaßt. Sie enthalten die Abhängigkeit der Feldeigenschaft eines mehrphasigen Werkstoffes von der Konzentration, der Form, der Orientierung und den Feldeigenschaften seiner Phasen.  -  Die Gleichungen werden nun zur Berechnung des elektrischen Widerstandes von Cermets angewendet. Verglichen werden die theoretischen Kurven mit den experimentellen Werten von etwa 50 Cermetkombinationen Sie zeigen eindeutig die theoretisch begründete Form-, Orientierungs-, Konzentrations- und Temperaturabhängigkeit des elektrischen Widerstandes dieser Cermets. Die Berechnung der Feldeigenschaften mehrphasiger Werkstoffe aus Gefügedaten und den Eigenschaften ihrer Phasen macht die Messung bzw. Sammlung und Darstellung prinzipiell entbehrlich. Sie eröffnet die Möglichkeit zur vorausberechneten Eigenschaftsverbesserung durch Gefügeoptimierung („maßgeschneiderte Werkstoffe“) und erlaubt die Bestimmung der Feldeigenschaften aus stereometrischen Gefügemessungen dort, wo ihre direkte Messung sehr ungenau oder sehr schwierig ist.
    Zusätzliches Material: 17 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 116
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 175-176 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 117
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. A22 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 118
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 189-193 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Failure Analysis with the Scanning Electron Microscope. Examples of practice and research will show the possibility to use the scanning electron microscopy for studying the various crack mechanisms. It is necessary, of course, to know most of parameters like material, stress, temperature, pressure, corrosive agent to get exact results.
    Notizen: An verschiedenen Beispielen aus Praxis und Forschung wird die Einsatzmöglichkeit des Rasterelektronenmikroskopes (REM) für die Aufdeckung von Schadensursachen gezeigt. Es versteht sich von selbst, daß dies ohne Kenntnis der Betriebs- bzw. Beanspruchungsbedingungen nur in Sonderfällen möglich ist.
    Zusätzliches Material: 19 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 119
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 225-226 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 120
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 121
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 205-208 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: A New Instrument for Measuring Creep under Alternating Loading and Temperature Conditions. It is an established fact that plastics are particularly subject to creep, i. e. deformation over a period of time under load. Under practical conditions unchanged load and constant temperature are seldom realized. The deformations associated with changing mechanical loads cannot generally be derived from the results of ordinary creep tests. In order to be able to study creep behaviour of plastics under intermittent load conditions (i. e. a sequence of loading and unloading), a special instrument has been developed at the Austrian Plastics Institute.The period of time as well as the ratio of loading and unloading phase can be programmed within wide ranges. Creep tests at varying temperatures can also be carried out with this instrument.Under intermittent load very significant differentiation of deformation and fracturing behaviour depending on the polymeric structure has been observed. Comparison of results of ordinary creep with those under intermittent loading at constant temperature shows, that in the case of amorphous thermoplastics destruction by stress crazing and fracture is markedly accelerated. On the other hand semicrystalline thermoplastics have excellent resistance against intermittent load.
    Notizen: Es ist allgemein bekannt, daß bei Kunststoffen das Kriechen, die zeitliche Zunahme der Deformation unter Last, besonders stark ausgeprägt ist. Der Fall einer kontinuierlich wirkenden Belastung und konstanter Temperatur ist in der Praxis aber häufig nicht gegeben. Die mit wechselnden mechanischen Belastungen verbundenen Deformationen können im allgemeinen nicht aus den Ergebnissen üblicher Kriechversuche abgeleitet werden. Um das Kriechverhalten von Kunststoffen bei intermittierender Belastung (das ist eine Aufeinanderfolge von Belastungs- und Entlastungsschritten) studieren zu können, wurde im Österreichischen Kunststoffinstitut ein spezielles Gerät entwickelt. Die absolute Länge und auch das Verhältnis von Belastungs- zu Entlastungsphase können in weiten Bereichen programmiert werden. Mit dem gleichen Gerät lassen sich auch Kriechversuche bei wechselnden Temperaturen ausführen.Bei intermittierender Beanspruchung wurde eine sehr starke Differenzierung des Verformungs- und Bruchverhaltens in Abhängigkeit von der Struktur des Kunststoffes festgestellt. Der Vergleich der Ergebnisse mit den bei konstanter Belastung erhaltenen zeigt, daß bei amorphen Plastomeren die Zerstörung durch Spannungsrißbildung bzw. Bruch viel früher erfolgt. Dagegen weisen teilkristalline Plastomere eine ganz ausgezeichnete Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen intermittierende Beanspruchung auf.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 122
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 227-231 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 123
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Gold Flashing on Relay Contacts. It is not the colour but the resistance of contacts which determines their efficiency. Since, however, it is an expensive and time-wasting procedure to measure the resistance of every contact, many costomers reject relays whose silver contacts show a brownish-black discolouration, complaining that they have been kept too long in stock.This problem was believed to have been solved by the introduction of gold-flashing as a temporary coating while the contacts are kept in stock. Now the German Post Office's Telecommunications Head Quarters (Fernmeldetechnisches Zentralamt der Deutschen Bundespost) in Darmstadt have found indications which raise some suspecions as to the damaging side-effects of gold-flashing. For this reason, a working committee of the VDE (Association of German Electrical Engineers), group 1.6„Contact behaviour and switching processes“, undertook its own investigations. The results were revealed during a platform-discussion on the 3rd October, 1973 in the Technical College at Karlsruhe and are given here in the form of edited speeches and a summary of the discussion.
    Notizen: Nicht die Farbe, sondern der Kontaktwiderstand ist ein eindeutiges Maß für die Brauchbarkeit von Kontakten. Da aber die Messung des Kontaktwiderstandes zeitraubend und teuer ist, weisen viele Kunden Relais mit braun-schwarz angelaufenen Silberkontakten als „überlagert“ zurück. Seit der Einführung der Hauchvergoldung als vorübergehender Lagerschutz galt dieses Problem als gelöst. Hinweise des Fernmeldetechnischen Zentralamtes der Deutschen Bundespost in Darmstadt haben Zweifel an der Unschädlichkeit der Hauchvergoldung aufkommen lassen und einen Arbeitskreis der VDE-Fachgruppe 1.6„Kontaktverhalten und Schalten“ zu eigenen Untersuchungen veranlaßt. Die Ergebnisse wurden in einer Podiumsdiskussion am 3. 10. 1973 an der Technischen Hochschule Karlsruhe vorgetragen und werden heir als Kurzfassung der Vorträge und Zusammenfassung der Diskussion wiedergegeben.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 124
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    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 334-336 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 125
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 338-339 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 126
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 127
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974) 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 128
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 391-393 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 129
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 394-394 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 130
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 396-396 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 131
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 407-412 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: The Gradient of the S, N-curve. The classical two-parameter basic equations of Wöhler and Basquin and also the four-parameter equation of Palmgren/Weibull approximate the Wöhler curve in certain ranges only. They fail in particular when one attempts to use them to convert a service life increase into the appropriate gain in strength. For a more exacting analysis these approximations must be replaced by models of the Wöhler curve which are nearer to actual reality.
    Notizen: Die klassischen Zwei-Parameter-Ansätze von Wöhler und Basquin, aber auch der Vier-Parameter-Ansatz von Palmgren/Weibull approximieren die S, N-Kurve nur bereichsweise; vor allem versagen sie, wenn man sich ihrer bedienen will, um eine erzielte Lebensdauersteigerung in den entsprechenden Festigkeitsgewinn umzurechnen: Bei anspruchsvolleren Analysen müssen diese Approximationen durch wirklichkeitsnähere Modelle der Wöhlerkurve ersetzt werden.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 132
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 281-284 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 133
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Operating Principles of Mechanical Modules for Transducers and the Most Important Sources of Errors. The function of the mechanical modules of transducers for the measurement of physical quantities is explained and therefrom a classification of the transducers in three groups deduced. External interfering quantities, the feed-in of energy into the module and the material properties are mentioned as the most important sources of errors and their compensation is exemplified on already constructed transducers. Special attention is paid to the heat effect and the structure dependent mechanical properties of materials.
    Notizen: Es wird die Funktion mechanischer Meßelemente von Meßwertaufnehmern zum Messen physikalischer Größen erläutert und daraus eine Einteilung der Aufnehmer in drei Gruppen abgeleitet. Als wichtigste Fehlerquellen werden äußere Störgrößen, die Energieeinleitung in das Meßelement und Werkstoffeigenschaften genannt und ihre Kompensation an ausgeführten Aufnehmern erläutert. Besonders wird auf die Wärmetönung und die strukturbedingten mechanischen Eigenschaften der Werkstoffe eingegangen.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 134
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 314-317 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Assessment of the Reliability of Lubricants for Precision Machinery. The critical examination of the reliability of lubricants for instruments and precision machinery needs first the recognition of all the parameters influencing the efficiency of the lubricants. Afterwards these parameters have to be classified according to their significance of the application of the instruments and precision machinery.These numerous influences cause unexpected and very complicated interactions which often can only be recognized, if the instruments and precision machinery are tested under practical conditions. The very small quantities of lubricants used in the instruments and precision machinery require new techniques for examining the lubricated bearings.A well equipped laboratory and a serious planning of the tests as well are therefore indispensable.
    Notizen: Für die Beurteilung der Zuverlässigkeit von Schmiermitteln für Instrumente und Apparate ist es notwendig, die Wirkung aller auf die Schmiermittel einwirkenden Einflüsse quantitativ zu erfassen und diese Einflüsse nach ihrer Bedeutung im späteren Einsatzgebiet des Instrumentes oder des Apparates einzustufen.Durch die Vielzahl der vorhandenen Einflüsse treten unerwartete, sehr komplizierte Wechselwirkungen auf, die meistens nur erkannt werden, wenn die Instrumente und Apparate in Versuchen unter möglichst praxisnahen Bedingungen arbeiten. Die Beurteilung der Schmierstellen in Instrumenten und Apparaten aus derartigen Erprobungsversuchen verlangt wegen der sehr geringen Schmiermittelmengen neue Untersuchungstechniken.Für die exakte Beurteilung der Zuverlässigkeit von Schmiermitteln ist deshalb neben einer guten Ausrüstung des Untersuchungslabors eine geschickte Versuchsplanung unumgänglich.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 135
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 337-338 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 136
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 137
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 340-340 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 138
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 358-366 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Artificial and Natural Composites for High Temperature Application. Artificial composites are made by embedding reinforcing fibers into a metallic matrix f. i. by means of powder metallurgy. Natural composites are defined by the thermodynamic equilibrium: directional solidified eutectics as natural composites of high stability at high temperatures. Composites will probably replace conventional superalloys as turbine blades in jet engines allowing higher temperatures of combustion and therefore resulting in higher efficiency.Examples of such composites as materials for engine design are discussed. New processing methods (high energy rate forming and directional casting) and some recent results are described.Practical examples are mentioned and an outlook given for use in the near future.
    Notizen: Unter „künstlichen“ Verbundwerkstoffen werden solche verstanden, die durch Einbettung von Fasern in eine Metallmatrix  -  z. B. auf pulvermetallurgischem Wege  -  entstehen. „Natürliche“ Verbundwerkstoffe werden vom thermodynamischen Gleichgewicht her definiert: d. s. gerichtet erstarrte Eutektika von guter Stabilität bei hohen Temperaturen.Verbundwerkstoffe werden wahrscheinlich in der Zukunft einmal die konventionellen Superlegierungen als Material für Turbinenschaufeln in Strahltriebwerken ersetzen. Dadurch werden höhere Verbrennungstemperaturen und eine höhere Leistung der Turbine ermöglicht.Beispiele der neuartigen künstlichen und natürlichen Verbundwerkstoffe für den Hochtemperatureinsatz in Wärmekraftmaschinen werden diskutiert. In diesem Zusammenhang werden neue Verfahrenstechniken, wie Hochgeschwindigkeitsstrangpressen und gerichtete Erstarrung von Schmelzen sowie neueste Versuchsergebnisse beschrieben.Es wird auf praktische Beispiele eingegangen und ein Ausblick auf die zukünftige Entwicklung gegeben.
    Zusätzliches Material: 21 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 139
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 381-389 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Problems of Mechanism of Erosion in Abrasive Stream. The results of investigation obtained by different methods (metallographical and electron microscopy, X-ray analysis, microhardness testing, profile measurement) are presented in the paper. Changes in surface layers prior to chip formation and its separation have been investigated. The specimens, mainly of soft and hardened steels were tested for wear in the stream of abrasive particles with a hardness greater than that of the specimens.The data of investigations show that the so-called polydeformation wear mechanism is of prime importance with soft steels subjected to erosion (mean cycle number n = 4 … 10). In the case oif hardened steels separation of the wear particles is experienced at greater and medium impact angles along the „white layers“. The cycle number of particle separation with hardened steels constitutes 1 … 2 only.In the case of quite small impact angles microcutting predominates for all metals.
    Notizen: Im vorliegenden Artikel werden Probleme der Strahlverschleißbeanspruchung behandelt. Es werden Forschungsergebnisse über die Veränderungen der Grenzschicht, die dem Bruch vorangehen, sowie über Bruchmechanismen selbst, wie sie mit Hilfe von Licht- und Elektronenmikroskopie, Röntgenographie, Mikrohärteprüfung und Rauhigkeitsprüfung erhalten werden können, dargelegt. Die Untersuchungen wurden hauptsächlich an weichen und gehärteten Stählen unter Verwendung von Strahlmitteln durchgeführt, deren Härte größer als die Werkstoffhärte ist.Die Ergebnisse lassen den Schluß zu, daß bei weichen Stählen dem sog. Polydeformationsverschleißmechanismus (mittlere Zykluszahl n = 4 … 10) die größte Bedeutung beizumessen ist. Bei gehärteten Stählen werden die Verschleißpartikel bei großen und mittleren Anstrahlwinkeln längs der beim Vorgang entstehenden „weißen Schichten“ abgetrennt. Die Zykluszahl für das Lostrennen beträgt hier nur etwa n = 1 … 2.Bei sehr kleinen Anstrahlwinkeln ist für alle Metalle der Mikrozerspanungsvorgang dominierend.
    Zusätzliches Material: 18 Ill.
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  • 140
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 5 (1974), S. 396-396 
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 141
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 449-472 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The two-dimensional solubility parameter approach has been applied to the prediction of solubility of one polymer in another. The solubility parameters of a number of polymers have been calculated and the second dimension shown to improve the agreement between the calculated solubility and that measured using a ternary solution technique. The method proved most useful for predicting the effect of small structural modifications on solubility, and several examples of changing solubility, monitored by calculations and measurements, are given. Structural modifications included copolymer ratio variations and substitutions to affect polymer density or reduce polarity of functional groups. The effects of temperature and molecular weight on solubility are discussed in terms of regular solution theory, which could not account for the decrease in solubilities with increased temperature observed for several polymer-polymer systems.
    Zusätzliches Material: 15 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 142
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 491-504 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The concept that flammability is fundamentally related to the potential thermal energy available per unit of volume of material emerged from attempts to correlate the effect of composition variables on the flammability of neoprene vulcanizates as measured by the oxygen index (O.I.) test. The origins of this test clearly show that it is a highly specific measure of flammability - the tendency of a composition to continue to burn once ignited - and that it is thermodynamically related to the heat of combustion of materials. This relationship is developed to a linear correlation which includes a wide variety of synthetic and natural materials and permits reasonable prediction of O.I. values from elemental analysis. Polymeric materials containing carbon and oxygen in atom ratios of less than 6 to 1 are more flammable than predicted. The effect of atmospheric temperature on O.I. can be predicted in relation to the O.I. value at normal temperature. This effect is shown to be independent of the composition of the material being tested. These two correlations permit the construction of a simple general map of flammability against which experimental data can be compared and judgments made with respect to the significant variables involved. There appears to be a significant relation between O.I. data, as viewed from these correlations, and the data of other flammability tests.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 143
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 897-912 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Atactic polystyrene was subjected to an elevated pressure-temperature cycle with the resulting densification, mechanical properties, and thermal scanning behavior observed. Most densifications were carried out with the PST as a viscous liquid. In this manner, ambient residual compactions greater than 2% were produced. Pressures up to 90,000 psi and temperatures to 320°C were employed. The technique used for vitrification from the high pressure-temperature region was found to drastically affect the mechanical behavior. If the polystyrene was vitrified from the treatment region by lowering the temperature, the material exhibited enhanced yield strength, by up to 40%. If the polystyrene was quenched by raising the pressure, the samples exhibited much lower mechanical strength. While the mechanical behavior of temperature-vitrified samples is enhanced compared to the pressure-vitrified materials, their densities are comparable. The compaction achieved is primarily determined by the pressure applied as the polymer vitrifies. Thermal scanning behavior of the pressure-vitrified materials show endothermic and exothermic responses below Tg, while the temperature-vitrified materials do not. Annealing the compacted polystyrene at room temperature caused little change in density. However, at temperatures above 60°C, the density relaxed rapidly. Samples which had been temperature vitrified and annealed such that the compaction completely relaxed, still maintained the enhanced mechanical properties of the densified materials.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 144
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 975-992 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Der Vernetzungsverlauf eines Epoxidharz-DMAPA-Systems wird mittels UR-Spektroskopie, Kalorimetrie, Zugfestigkeits-, Mikro- und Makrohärte-, Gleichstromwiderstands- und Schubmodulmessungen untersucht. Die Bestimmung des zeitlichen Verlaufes der Glastemperatur während der Vernetzung führte zur physikalischen Aufklärung von Eigenschaftsanomalien bei höheren Vernetzungstemperaturen. Eine Erklärung für den eigenartigen Verlauf der Glastemperatur konnte dagegen nicht gegeben werden.
    Zusätzliches Material: 18 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 145
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 993-1012 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Le greffage de films de 6 microns d'épaisseur en poly(téréphtalate d'éthylène glycol) (PTEG), de marque Terphane, avec l'acide acrylique, conduit à des membranes exploitables en électrodialyse mais inutilisables en osmose inverse. La technique radiochimique permet de réaliser le greffage dans des conditions très satisfaisantes. Les observations portant sur la cinétique du greffage, sur le gonflement des films greffés, sur leur resistance électrique, sur leur cristallinité et enfin sur leur structure révélée par microscopie électronique permettent de mieux comprendre le mécanisme du greffage et mettent en évidence des corrélations étroites entre la structure des films greffés, les conditions du greffage et les propriétés des membranes résultantes. Le rǒle joué par les zones amorphes dans le système considéré revět une importance primordiale: les zones amorphes sont seules susceptibles de recevoir l'acide acrylique et de permettre la formation en leur sein de poly(acide acrylique). Ce dernier s'accumule dans les zones amorphes où sa concentration tend vers une limite déterminée concurremment par deux facteurs. D'une part la barrière physique des zones cristallines s'oppose à l'extension du greffage. D'autre part les conditions měmes de la réaction, dans la mesure où l'état d'enchevětrement ou de réticulation qui peut s'établir entre les chaǐnes de poly(acide acrylique) finit par s'opposer à l'arrivée du monomère, peuvent créer éventuellement une seconde limite au développement de la réaction. Le diphényle utilisé comme agent gonflant paraǐt favoriser l'extension des zones amorphes par l'attaque des zones cristallines. Il est possible que sa présence conduise en outre à un poly(acide acrylique) de poids moléculaire plus faible donc de structure moins enchevětrée et plus ouverte à la diffusion de l'eau, ce qui expliquerait qu'une perméabilité à l'eau ait seulement pu ětre obtenue par greffage en présence de diphényle. L'acide formique utilisé également comme agent gonflant semble avoir eu un résultat opposé en donnant lieu à des taux de gonflement plus faibles. Il est possible que ce composé favorise la formation de poly(acide acrylique) de haut poids moléculaire aboutissant à un pseudo-gel par enchevětrement moins facilement gonflable. En conclusion, ce travail montre que dans les conditions utilisées, le greffage du PTEG par l'acide acrylique tend vers un taux limite déterminé principalement par le degré de cristallinité. L'armature cristalline du PTEG n'est pratiquement pas altérée. Les propriétés du PTEG sont très diversement affectées par le traitement. La perméabilité à l'eau et la résistance mécanique sont peu modifiées plors que par contre la conductivité électrique est considérablement augmentée.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 146
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The sorption of water vapor on two heat shield composites SLA-561 and SLA-561V and the SLA components was measured over the pressure range of 10-3 to 10 torr and at 25°, 30°, and 35°C. The sorption of water vapor by both the composites and the components varied directly with pressure and equilibrium was attained typically within 30 min. The sorption of water by SLA-561V, phenolic spheres, and silica fibers varied inversely with temperature. The mechanism proposed for the interaction of water vapor with the SLA composites was a combination of absorption and adsorption.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 147
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 1173-1179 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A simple and rapid method has been developed to determine the relative effectiveness of the different regions of the solar spectrum in weathering a polymer. The method is based on measuring the rate of degradation of the polymer in film form, exposed outdoors under a range of materials which transmit different amounts of solar UV. The stability of an unpigmented ABS terpolymer has been examined using this method. It has been shown that the relatively small amount of solar radiation in the range of 295-340 nm accounts for 41% of the total degradation process. Longer wavelengths are shown to be progressively less effective; wavelengths greater than 450 nm (which account for nearly 90% of the total energy of the solar spectrum) contribute less than 5% to the degradation process.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 148
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 1213-1224 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The temperature and frequency dependences of complex shear modulus and mechanical losses were studied for expoxy resin composition in the presence of different amounts of quartz and polystyrene fillers. The data obtained were analyzed by the use of the Williams-Landell-Ferry method. It was shown that in the mechanical behavior of filled polymers, except for the well-known temperature-time analogy there exist some lows connected with the presence of filler. The change in filler concentration leads to the same change in the real part of complex modulus as change in frequency (concentration-time analogy), and change in temperature is equivalent to concentration change (temperature-concentration analogy). The existence of these analogies is explained by a change in deformation conditions for polymeric matrix in the presence of different amount of filler, by the existence of surface layers of polymer at the interface with solid filler, and by peculiarities of the mechanical behavior of filler. It is also established that the thickness of surface layer which was determined from experimental data depends on temperature and has an extremum in the temperature region of the α-transition.
    Zusätzliches Material: 17 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 149
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 1247-1259 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 150
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 1295-1304 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The Rheovibron oscillatory viscoelastomer has been used to compare the rheological behavior of three composites at low temperature near the glass transition point. All three composites are highly filled materials containing 84-88% solids, NH4ClO4, and Al, in an elastomeric matrix. The main purpose of the measurements is to evaluate the efficiency of two surface-active agents: an aziridine polyester showing better adhesion properties between solid particles and the elastomeric binders than an amine polyester. Mixtures of both polyesters are shown to be even more efficient. The dynamic mechanical properties are qualitatively discussed in relation to the mechanism of actions of both surface-active compounds.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 151
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 45-51 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Empirical correlations of flow properties of poly(vinyl chloride) were made using data reported by a number of investigators. Correlation was made by plotting the reduced variable viscosity η/η0 versus \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ (\eta _0 \dot \gamma \bar M_w )/(_\rho RT) $\end{document} or \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ (\eta _0 \dot \gamma \bar M_w ^{0.5} )/(_\rho RT) $\end{document} for unplasticized PVC and versus \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ (\eta _0 \dot \gamma \bar M_w ^{0.5} )/(_\rho RTW_2 ^a ) $\end{document} with polymer concentration, W2, for PVC containing plasticizer.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 152
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 1549-1556 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A Fortran IV program has been written that reduces digitized data from gel permeation chromatography to number and weight average molecular weights. This computer program is suitable for routine calculations whenever corrections are unnecessary for axial diffusion and branching effects.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 153
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 1585-1585 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 154
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 1619-1623 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The idea that, with filled polymers, length fraction, area fraction, and volume fraction of filler are different appears to have gained wide acceptance. The fallacy of this, except for special directions in ordered arrangements, is demonstrated. This misunderstanding has led to widespread misinterpretation of experimental results in this field.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 155
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 1655-1662 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Heat transfer measurements made when cyclohexane condenses on poly(tetrafluoroethylene) provide further support to the theory that absorption can occur on this surface.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 156
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 1711-1724 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Recently, the characteristics for pressure corrections in capillary flow have been detailed. The apparent viscosity increases with increasing capillary shear rate for polystyrene and for poly(methyl methacrylate) have been previously explained using free volume theory. These general methods have been developed further in this work and applied to the non-Newtonian flow of a new system, the polycarbonate of bisphenol A. The pressure correction for up to 2 kilobars will be shown to linearize the capillary pressure drop versus the parameter L/D, capillary length over diameter. This correction eliminates the viscosity difference due to variations in L/D ratio. It is also observed that the zero-shear viscosity obtained by the extrapolation of the corrected capillary flow curves agrees well with new and independent data on the same polycarbonate obtained using a Weissenberg rheogoniometer. The flow data have been compared with theories and with earlier published data on the same polymer. The two sets of data are not concordant. These new and corrected shear-dependent data are, however, shown to be expressed qualitatively by the theory of Graessley, using the most probable molecular weight distribution.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 157
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 1639-1654 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A theoretical relationship has been developed which relates the ultimate strength of a composite containing spherical fillers to the size, volume fraction, and surface adhesion of the dispersed phase. The theoretical predictions are compared to experimental data using glass beads of known diameters in polyester resin matrix. Results were compared for the case of poor adhesion between the glass beads and the matrix and for the case of good adhesion. The derived relationships should be useful in helping to optimize the strength properties of particulate reinforced systems.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 158
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 1821-1835 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The oxidation of polystyrene initiated by the photodecomposition of 2,2′-azoisobutyronitrile at λ 〉 300 nm was studied at 25°C in chlorobenzene solution. The order of the reaction is approximately unity with respect to AIBN concentration and to the light intensity. The effects of concentration and molecular weight on the rate are apparently related to their effects on bulk viscosities of the solutions. The overall kinetics have been interpreted by a general oxidation scheme which incorporates the effect of bulk viscosity on the rate of radical production in the initiation step. Diphenyl alkanes were oxidized under identical conditions and their kinetic parameters are compared with those of the polymer. It would appear that a considerable degree of intramolecular propagation occurs in both systems.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 159
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 427-437 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A study was made of the effect of carboxylic monomers on the surfactant-free emulsion polymerization of styrene and styrene-butadiene. Acid monomers, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and itaconic acid, were shown to play a critical role in particle formation and particle stabilization in such systems. In the emulsion polymerization of styrene, methacrylic acid forms particles more efficiently than acrylic acid. This difference is attributed to the more hydrophobic nature of the methacrylic monomer which allows it to diffuse more rapidly to the particle surface where it acts to prevent agglomeration. The ability of carboxyl groups to orient at the particle-water interface was studied by acid-base and soap titrations of carboxylated styrene-butadiene latices. The polymerization of itaconic acid onto the particle surface of a styrene-butadiene latex produces a surface carboxyl density much higher than is obtainable with classically adsorbed surfactants. This result is used to explain the greater stability of carboxylated versus noncarboxylated emulsion polymers. During the polymerization of styrene-butadiene latices, carboxyl groups dervied from methacrylic acid are shown to be buried more deeply into the particle as compared to carboxyls derived from the more hydrophilic acrylic acid which orient more at the particle-water interface.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 160
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 481-490 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: An annular die has been designed having a very thin gap distance between two coaxial cylinders. The die was then used to measure wall normal stresses along the longitudinal direction of polymer melts flowing through the thin annulus. The materials investigated were high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene. Also investigated were blends of polystyrene and polypropylene, and blends of polystyrene and high-density polyethylene The measurements of wall normal stresses were used to determine the rheological properties of the melts, namely, the melt viscosity from the slope of axial wall normal stress profiles and the melt elasticity from exit pressures. The interpretation of the experimental data was made possible by the fact that the narrow-gap annular die can be considered as a substitute for a thin slit die. It has been found that the results obtained in the present study are consistent with those reported earlier by the author, who at that time used both capillary and slit dies.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 161
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 531-546 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Low-density polyethylene films strained up to 35% exhibit an initial increase of diffusivity and permeability which soon reach a maximum and subsequently drop to steadily decreasing values below those of the unstrained starting material. The sorption steadily increases and seems to approach a plateau. The maximum and the subsequent decrease are probably caused by significant, recoverable plastic deformation which seems to depress the tortuosity factor but not the free volume, as one concludes from the opposite trend of diffusion and sorption. Permanently deformed drawn or rolled films on the strain range from 0.5 through 3.0 exhibit a continuous decrease of diffusivity and permeability with an almost constant reduction of sorption. This postulates a decrease in free volume and a steadily decreasing tortuosity factor as a consequence of the gradually increasing fraction of the new, practically impermeable fibrous structure.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 162
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 1855-1867 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: An equation to estimate the thickness of ultrathin membranes obtained by Levich, assuming constant physical properties, was compared with the measured thickness in the range of 0.3-40 μ. The proportionality constant was found to be 0.4, and the equation is expressed as follows: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document} $$ \bar \delta _S = 0.4\left({\frac{{{\rm \rho L}}}{{{\rm \rho}_{\rm s}}}} \right){\rm \omega}_s \sqrt {\frac{{\mu u_0}}{{{\rm \rho L}g}}} $$ \end{document} The nitrogen gas adsorption isotherms at -195°C on the modified ultrathin membranes were measured and the surface area of the pores was determined by the B.E.T. equation. Distribution of pore volume was calculated by the method of Cranston and Inkley. On the assumption of straight cylindrical pores in the membrane, the crosssectional area of pores and the mean pore radius were calculated. Symmetric structure of the modified ultrathin membranes was confirmed by reverse osmosis tests with both the air and glass sides of the membrane facing the pressure solution.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 163
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 1943-1952 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: In studying macromolecular properties of lignins, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is a convenient method for the determination of lignin molecular weights and their distribution. A GPC analytical column was calibrated by preparing narrow molecular weight lignin fractions, then applying the method of Goring and co-workers to obtain molecular weights from the ultracentrifuge at zero concentration and zero field force. Diffusion and other curve-broadening effects in the GPC analytical column were taken into account by applying the correction method of Hamielec and co-workers to derive the coefficients of the calibration curve. The molecular weight of a lignosulfonate sample determined on the GPC was found to coincide closely with that obtained by ultracentrifugation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 164
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 1999-2008 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) were prepared by mixing the polymers in the melt and in the absence of a solvent. PMMA was the major constituent of the blend. The polymer blends were tested, using various methods, to determine if they are compatible as solids. Data obtained from dynamic mechanical and DSC measurements show that, when they are mixed under given Brabender mix conditions, the blends exhibit properties characteristic of polymer pairs compatible as solids. If the mix conditions are altered, a two-phase system is evidenced. Using micrographs obtained by light microscopy in phase contrast as criteria, two companion blends containing PMMA/PVAc 80/20 would be classified as incompatible as solids because of the differences in refractive index of PMMA and PVAc. The micrographs also show that, in the system that would otherwise be listed as compatible, the PVAc domains appear to be relatively uniform in size and distribution through the PMMA matrix. In its companion blend, large, irregularly shaped particles of PVAc which are poorly dispersed in the PMMA matrix are evident.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 165
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 2025-2037 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A rapid polymerization method for in situ synthesis of polyethylene in a typical paper matrix of cellulose fibers is described. The unique properties of this double matrix, polyethylene in cellulose, are the result of performing the polymerization in a nonsolvent such that simultaneous polymerization and crystallization takes place yielding a nascent morphology. The morphology has been studied by scanning electron microscopy and was found to be different from what is usually obtained for melt crystallized polyolefins. Optical microscopy shows the polyethylene to be present as a complementary matrix with respect to the basic fiber construct. Mechanical, optical, and other properties of encapsulated filter paper have been measured using standard TAPPI tests. The results show a general improvement in physical properties for a range of “add ons” from 0 to 27%. Wet-strength and opacity undergo major changes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 166
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 2075-2083 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Suspensions of microcrystalline cellulose particles were flocculated with two cationic ionene polymers differing only in charge density. A comparison of the flocculation (residual absorbance) and electrophoretic data showed that optimum destabilization corresponded to neutralization of the particle charge and that both polyelectrolytes had the same flocculating ability on a charge basis. These results, when combined with specific adsorption measurements, suggest that flocculation of the cellulose particles is accomplished by a recently proposed, “mosaic” charge neutralization mechanism.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 167
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 2367-2377 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The effect of specific functional group modification of wool on the binding of a number of metal ions (individually) from aqueous solutions was studied. The metal ion uptake profiles for the different modified keratin polymers show that a degree of specificity of binding is imparted by the various modifications in terms of changes in capacities or rates of metal ion uptakes. The changes of uptake depend on both the particular ion and the particular protein modification involved. The results show the potential usefulness of the keratin derivatives for removal of toxic and industrial metal ions from water and contribute to interpretation of metal ions interactions with native wool and proteins in general. Treatments of woven wool with aqueous solutions of certain metal salts impart flame and insect resistance to the fabric.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 168
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 2407-2425 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Extended-chain high-density polyethylene prepared through crystallization at high pressure is substantially stiffer and somewhat stronger than normal folded-chain HDPE. With weight-average molecular weight in the range normal for molding or extrusion resins, the extended-chain material is inductile and brittle; but with molecular weight near 2,000,000, the resin can be rigid and tough. This rigid, tough material can be converted to articles through some of the solid-state processes developed for metals. The volume-temperature behavior of HDPE at 5000 atmospheres appears to reflect a polymorphic transition between orthorhombic and triclinic phases.
    Zusätzliches Material: 12 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 169
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 2493-2499 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: An emulsion polymerization process is reported for the production of high-solids, surfactant-free styrene/butadiene latices. With this procedure latices require no surfactants, for stabilization is built into the emulsion particles by means of copolymerized acid monomers. This “pH variable” method is a two-step, batch-on-batch polymerization. In the first step, all the ingredients are present in the reaction mixture; however, only enough styrene and butadiene is added to reach a low solids content. This step, carried out at low pH, produces a carboxylated seed latex. On raising the pH of this low-solids emulsion, the copolymerized carboxyl groups ionize, and the now highly charged latex particles provide an expedient locus for the generation of stable, highsolids latices. Neutralizing the carboxyl groups of the seed latex before adding the remaining monomers induces the highly hydrophilic carboxyl anions to remain on the surface of the latex particle, nearer to the aqueous environment of the surrounding media. Hence, the maximum stabilization capacity of the acid monomers is utilized. The process was evaluated to ascertain the effects of the following variables: the particle size and solids content of the first step, the nature of the base used to raise the pH, the pH of the dispersion prior to the second step, and the effect of the acid monomer on the latex stability.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 170
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 2529-2532 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 171
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 2536-2537 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 172
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 2589-2603 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Isothermal melt spinning experiments were carried out to investigate the elongational flow behavior and spinnability of polymer blends and a calcium carbonate-filled polypropylene. Blends chosen for study were mixtures of polystyrene (Dow Chemical, Styron 678) with high-density polyethylene (Union Carbide, DMDJ 4309), and mixtures of polystyrene (Dow Chemical, Styron 686) with high-density polyethylene (Union Carbide, DMDJ 4309). For the study, measurements were taken of the thread diameter by photographic techniques and of the thread tension by means of a Saxl tensiometer. These measurements were later used to determine the elongational viscosity of the material investigated. It was found that, in all the blends and filled systems investigated, the elongational viscosity decreases with elongation rate and that the relationship between the elongational viscosity and blending ratio is very complex. An attempt is made to offer explanations of the observed complicated relationship with the aid of microphotographs of fiber samples, which display the complexity of fiber morphology in two-phase systems. It was also found that there exists some correlation between the elongational viscosity and the maximum stretch ratio which may be considered as representing fiber spinnability.
    Zusätzliches Material: 15 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 173
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 2637-2651 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A theoretical expression has been derived to describe the strain behavior of rigid plastic composites containing spherical filler particles. By combining the predicted ultimate strength values with the appropriate modulus relationship, the complete stress-strain history and corresponding fracture energy may be estimated. The theoretical predictions were compared with experimental values obtained for a general-purpose polyester resin containing spherical glass beads. The influence of silane coupling agents and filler adhesion was also evaluated. Although the experimental values showed considerable scatter, the general trend agreed fairly well with the theoretical predictions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 174
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 2711-2717 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Graft copolymerization of gaseous styrene was carried out at 40°C onto polypropylene preirradiated under vacuum. In order to investigate the origin of graft initiation activity, ESR spectra of irradiated polymers were measured and discussed. Although there are about three times as many radicals trapped in the sample irradiated at -78°C as in the sample irradiated at room temperature, both the samples showed nearly same degree of grafting. This is due to the ineffectiveness of radicals trapped in the amorphous region for grafting. The samples irradiated under vacuum showed more grafting than those irradiated in an oxygen atmosphere. This is compatible with the conclusion in the previous paper that in grafting of polypropylene irradiated in an oxygen atmosphere the carbon radicals produced by hydrogen abstraction by trapped peroxy radicals are the effective active centers.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 175
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 2973-2981 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Analysis for composition of the styrene-isobutylene copolymer has been accomplished by independent techniques which include carbon-hydrogen analysis and infrared and NMR spectroscopy. The use of blends of homopolymers presents difficulties in establishing true absorptivities for the solution of two-component systems, and appropriate corrections were applied to enable use of IR as an analytical technique. Carbonhydrogen elemental analysis and NMR spectroscopy were used to verify the IR results.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 176
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 3057-3068 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A study was made of the interfacial polycondensation of nylon 6-10 in a continuous reaction system since no previous detailed work of this type was reported in the literature. An experimental stirred-flow reactor was used to determine both yield and intrinsic viscosity (molecular weight) as functions of reactant ratio (sebacoyl chloride/hexamethylenediamine) and Reynolds number. It was found that mass transfer was the controlling factor in the reaction system. The yield as a function of Reynolds number correlated directly with the behavior of mass transfer coefficient. In addition, reactant ratio effects on yield were shown to relate to change in organic phase volume. Intrinsic viscosity was a maximum in the same reactant ratio range as for batch and continuous cascade systems studied earlier. Intrinsic viscosity behavior was also shown to relate to mass transfer. The jD data for the reactor systems were also determined. These values were shown to correlate if normalized for reactant ratio.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 177
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 3095-3107 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The possibility of electroinitiating the polymerization of melted trioxane dispersed in nhexane and n-heptane has been investigated. It was found that the addition under stirring of an electrolyte to these dispersions added a satisfactory electrolytic conductivity: this fact allows, by a fast current pulse, the anode transfer of a charge suitable to initiate the polymerization process. The kinetics of the polymerization do not exhibit substantial induction periods and depend both on the charge initially transferred to the system and on the diluent-to-monomer ratio. The molecular weights of the products, which are generally high, are controlled by the same parameters and by the extent of the monomer-to-polymer conversion. The effect on the process of the background electrolytes perchlorate and tetrafluoborate of tetrabutylammonium has been investigated, and the possible initiation mechanism has been discussed. The conditions also for obtaining thermally stabilized products by trioxane-1,3-dioxolane copolymerization in the same systems have been shortly investigated.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 178
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 3109-3126 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A cell model for the prediction of temperature and concentration gradients in a nonisothermal tubular polymerization reactor at steady state is presented. Both radial and longitudinal gradients are considered. The complete molecular weight distribution is calculated as well as the leading moments of the distribution. The model is easily reduced to predict the performance of a plug-flow tubular reactor, batch reactor, and continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The specific polymerization mechanism application consists of free-radical initiation, propagation, and combination termination.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 179
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 3137-3151 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A previously derived constitutive equation, representing a blending of the molecular dumbbell theory and a continuum theory of anisotropic fluids, has been extended to the multidumbbell (Rouse-Zimm) case. The equation thus derived yields predictions equivalent to the Rouse-Zimm theory in small-amplitude dynamic shearing, with the exception that the introduction of an “effective molecular weight” as the concentration of polymer is increased is no longer required. In simple shearing flow, the theory predictions are far superior to those of the Rouse-Zimm model, yielding realistic non-Newtonian viscosity behavior, a positive primary normal stress difference, and a negative secondary normal stress difference. In stress relaxation following the cessation of steady shearing flow, the rate of relaxation is found to depend to the initial velocity gradient, but the effect is predicted to be too small to be observed experimentally in typical dilute polymer solutions. The effects of molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, and polymer-solvent interaction are explicitly accounted for, and in all cases the theory predictions are in excellent qualitative agreement with accepted experimental behavior.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 180
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 3183-3204 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Radiation grafting systems containing cupric ion, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (N-VP) and other hydrophilic monomers were studied. Such systems, in certain Cu++ion concentration ranges were found capable of producing extremely high levels of graft on silicone rubber and other polymers. Gellation of the homopolymer surrounding the grafted film was inhibited by the presence of cupric salts. An increase in the graft water content and decrease in the wettability of the grafted film surface was noted as the Cu++ ion concentration in the grafting solution was increased. Based upon attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopic examination of the grafted materials, these effects could be explained by variations in the copolymer composition of the graft and increased penetration of the graft into the silicone rubber with increasing cupric ion concentration. The Cu++/N-VP system allows many monomers which would ordinarily graft only with great difficulty to be readily grafted to polymeric surfaces. It also allows control over a number of graft parameters such as graft water content composition and penetration. Therefore, this system should be ideal for preparing a series of radiation grafted hydrogels to be used to evaluate important variables in the interactions of hydrophilic biomaterials and biological systems.
    Zusätzliches Material: 13 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 181
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 3249-3258 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: An adhesive bond was formed by sintering low-density polyethylene onto aluminum with a porous anodic film. The topography of the polymer surface in contact with the anodized aluminum was studied in a scanning electron microscope, having removed the aluminum and alumina by dissolution in aqueous sodium hydroxide. The surface of the polymer appeared very rough with large projections of various forms, all of which were many times larger than the pores revealed in the anodic films by transmission electron microscopy. These projections are shown to consist, most probably, of “stacks” or “tufts” of much smaller polyethylene fibers, each of which had entered a pore in the anodic film. Thus, the scanning electron-microscopic investigation confirms the keying mechanism for the adhesionof polyethylene to porous anodic films on aluminum proposed in an earlier paper.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 182
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 3279-3304 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The stability of melt spinning has been studied theoretically by solving for transients the perturbed form of the simultaneous partial differential equations of melt spinning introduced by the author in a previous study. Computed stability limits summarized in the form of maps in the (t* - St) plane with the cooling air speed serving as the third parameter showed that the thread must be in a molten state at the take-up before an instability can develop and that the cooling of the thread by air plays a predominant role in stabilizing the melt spinning. Here, t* is air temperature and St is the Stanton number. Draw resonances were observed experimentally in a water-quenched melt spinning of PET fiber and in the casting of PP film. Experimental results agreed well with theoretical simulations with respect to oscillation periods and stability. Draw resonance observed by Bergonzoni et al. was closely simulated by means of the present theories.
    Zusätzliches Material: 29 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 183
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 3329-3344 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The viscoelastic properties of dilute aqueous solutions of methylcellulose at ultrasonic frequencies were investigated by a torsional method using quartz crystal resonators. The concentration dependences of G′ and G″ - ωηs increased with increasing temperature at 13 kHz, but at higher frequencies G′ and G″ - ωηs were simply proportional to the concentration irrespective of temperature. These results may be explained by the difference of corresponding viscoelastic mechanism at measuring frequencies. In order to examine the configuration of methylcellulose in water, which changes remarkably with temperature, the intrinsic values at various temperatures were experimentally obtained by extrapolation to zero concentration, and the frequency dependence of intrinsic dynamic viscosity was examined. The values of components of the complex intrinsic viscosity at various temperatures and their frequency dependences were quantitatively compared with those calculated from the Tschoegl theory. The values of hydrodynamic strength parameter in the Tschoegl theory for an aqueous solution of methylcellulose increased with increasing temperature, and an effect of the internal viscosity due to the aggregation of methylcellulose was observed at higher temperatures. However, on the whole, the viscoelastic behavior was relatively close to Rouse-like behavior.
    Zusätzliches Material: 15 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 184
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 3403-3421 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The various types of drag-reducing systems and their hydrodynamic shear degradation are briefly reviewed and some new measurements reported. The new measurements include the determination of the efficiency of drag reduction by a variety of systems ranging from fully flexible polymers, more rigid polymers, and asbestos fibers. These results, together with those of previous workers using fractionated polymers, show a good correlation between critical concentration and particle length. The results suggest that at the highest wall shear stress, the parameter governing the efficiency is the contour length of the particle, irrespective of its structure, stiffness, or diameter. At lower wall shear stresses, the shorter flexible molecules are less efficient, but the short rigid ones and the long flexible ones maintain their efficiency. The shear degradation of the systems was measured by repeated passages of the solution through the measuring apparatus at both high and low wall shear stresses. Drag reduction measured at low wall shear stresses is an extremely sensitive indicator of shear degradation of flexible polymers.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 185
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 3455-3462 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Studies were carried out on the relationship between the scission of cellulose chains and the initiation of photo-induced graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate. The photo-induced scission of cellulose chains was sharply accelerated by the application of irradiation with light shorter than 300 nm, the use of photosensitizer such as ferric ion, the swelling of cellulose samples, and so on. On the other hand, the scission reaction was markedly suppressed by blocking the carbonyl groups contained in the samples by oximation. A linear increase in the number of grafts was indicated with the number of scissions of cellulose chains in the graft copolymerization. However, a number of scissions not contributing to any formation of grafts was also noticed during the induction period of copolymerization. The factors such as short wavelength light, photosensitizer, and swelling, which contribute to the rises in the rate of graft formation and the scission of cellulose chains, worked also to shorten the induction period. As might be expected, appreciable increases of per cent grafting and shortening of induction period were achieved by preirradiation the cellulose samples with light. From the above, it was concluded that the scission of cellulose chains should be a main factor for the initiation of graft copolymerization in the system.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 186
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 3493-3496 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 187
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 3555-3569 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A simple computer simulation of linear temperature-programmed thermal volatilization analysis (TVA) provides useful insights into the effects of the order of reaction n, the Arrhenius preexponential factor A, the overall activation energy δE, and the linear rate of heating β on the position and shape of TVA thermograms. Analysis of the numerical results of simulation experiments leads to a method for evaluating ΔE, A, and n from TVA data. The computer-simulation approach can easily incorporte mechanistic complexity. The latter possibility is applied to cases where n and ΔE are changing during the course of reaction, and it is shown that the proposed method gives good recovery of ΔE for such reactions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 188
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 3593-3620 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Polar and steric effects together govern the reverse osmosis separation of amino acids in single-solute aqueous solution systems. The solute transport parameter for the completely ionized aliphatic amino acids (with no additional polar groups other than one —NH2 and one —COOH) in the pK1 range of 4.03 to 1.71 can be represented as a function of pK1 and the steric parameter ΣEs. The latter parameter has a relatively greater influence with respect to the separation of zwitter ions. The effect of the polar parameter pK1 on solute separation increases with increase in the concentration of the ionic species R+ (or decrease in the concentration of the ionic species R-) in the feed solution. The effect of the presence of additional polar groups in the amino acid molecule is to increase its basicity. Experiments with p-aminobenzoic acid solutions indicate that the undissociated acid is preferentially sorbed at the membrane-solution interface. With respect to both aliphatic and aromatic amino acid ions, solute separation is in the order R- 〉 R± 〉 R+ for the cellulose acetate membrane material studied.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 189
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 3509-3521 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Melt spinning of poly(ethylene terephthalate) was studied by measuring the filament tension at the take-up roll and by measuring filament diameter D(X) at various distances X below the spinnerette. A new method is developed to calculate temperature distribution both along and perpendicular to the fiber axis. Results of these calculations are compared with experimental values. The attenuation of filament diameter depends primarily on the take-up speed and the output rate. Spinning temperature and molecular weight have relatively small effects. Mass flow rate and take-up speed are the major factors controlling the cooling rate, while other spinning parameters such as polymer molecular weight and spinnerette orifice size have a small effect. The Trouton viscosity β is both temperature and molecular weight dependent. Values of β derived from these experiments can be expressed mathematically as follows: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \begin{array}{l} \log \beta = \frac{{1900}}{T} - 1.77{\rm for }0.56{\rm IV PET} \\ \log \beta = \frac{{1900}}{T} - 1.50{\rm for }0.84{\rm IV PET.} \\ \end{array} $\end{document}
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 190
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 3571-3579 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Polycaprolactone is degraded by the mold P. pullulans in the presence of other nutrients. The weight loss from solid polymer films covered by a nutrient agar gel on which colonies are growing is used to establish comparative rates of degradation. There is substantial loss (16 mg/cm2 surface area) from a whole polymer of low (2,000) molecular weight in three weeks at 30°C. A high (30,000) molecular weight whole polymer degrades about 0.15 as much in the same time period. A fraction in the same range (38,000) but with a narrower molecular weight distribution shows no significant loss. This indicates that whole polymers of high molecular weight may lose only a portion of their distribution by microbial degradation in short-term tests. This hypothesis is tested by making mixtures of high (61,000) molecular weight with low (2,000) molecular weight polymer. Degradation is directly proportional to the low molecular weight content in these short-term tests with a single species of mold. Other workers have shown previously that in long-term, soil-burial tests, even a high (40,000) molecular weight polycaprolactone is essentially completely degraded after one year.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 191
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 3633-3651 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Three kinds of trapped radicals are observed in poly(maleic anhydride) (Poly-MAH) which were prepared by the use of radical initiators such as AIBN or BPO. It was found that these radicals were transformed to the active species so as to initiate the cationic polymerization. The structure of these radicals was studied by the ESR and the kinetic analysis of MAH polymerization in the presence of various additives.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 192
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The cationic polymerization of 1,2-butylene oxide initiated by radical catalysts has been investigated in detail in the presence of maleic anhydride. The active species of this ionic polymerization was thought to be a conjugated radical of poly(maleic anhydride).
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 193
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 3699-3721 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: High molecular weight poly(isobutylene oxide) has been synthesized and characterized. Two novel catalysts were found: (1) a Zn-S composition made by reacting ZnEt2 and H2S in presence of cyclohexylamine and (2) a ternary system consisting of ZnEt2 a metal compound (such as ZnO, ZnS, or Zn titanate), plus cyclohexylamine. Products with reduced specific viscosities of 1.5 to 13 dl/g were easily made. Highest yields were obtained at 110°C, but these products had lower molecular weights than products synthesized at 70°C. The activity of the Nippon-Carbide catalyst was increased two to three times by heating it with a small amount of styrene oxide. High molecular weight poly(isobutylene oxide) appears to have an attractive balance of properties which are in the range of many engineering thermoplastics.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 194
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 2327-2338 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The viscometric behavior of concentrated cellulose acetate solutions in a variety of solvent and mixed solvent systems has been studied. Rapid increases in solution viscosity with increase in cellulose acetate concentration are apparently related to polymer nonsphericity and the tendency of molecules to experience extensive nonhydrodynamic interactions. By employing a well-defined polymer solution theory in conjunction with an empirically determined calibration curve, accurate predictions of concentrated cellulose acetate solution viscosities are possible.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 195
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 2435-2447 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Different polyamides and polysulfonamides were prepared by the interfacial polycondensation method. The influence of the experimental condition was specified. The principal characteristics of polymers are indicated (solubilities, molecular weights, IR spectra, thermal stability). In the case of poly(ethylene 1,3-benzenesulfonamide), a study of the thermal behavior was specially developed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 196
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 2465-2470 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The absorption isotherms of methanesulfonic acid, ethanedisulfonic acid, and R-acid on nylon fiber were determined in water and ethylene glycol at 80°C. The saturation values of the sulfonic acids on the nylon fiber were determined by extrapolation of a reciprocal plot of the absorption isotherms. In water, the saturation values of the three acids were near the amino group content of the fiber. In ethylene glycol, the saturation values of the dibasic acids, ethanedisulfonic acid and R-acid, were much larger than the stoichiometric quantity corresponding to the amino group content of the nylon fiber, approximately twice, though the saturation value of the monobasic acid, methanesulfonic acid, was near the amino group content. A dyeing model of nylon with polybasic dyes was proposed, in order to explain how a polybasic dye can physically saturate fixed sites.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 197
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 2501-2508 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Calorimetrically determined integral heats of solution and swelling ratio measurements carried out on extrudates of low-density polyethylene blended with Surlyn ionomer and ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymer provide independent evidence for the redistribution of components as a result of extrusion. Although this evidence for “migration” supports earlier data for extrusion-triggered molecular redistribution in polyethylene, the present data further suggest that the effect may be due at least in part to the tendency of crystallizable polydisperse polymers to form cohesively weak boundary layers upon cooling from the melt. Thus, molecular redistribution effects may be expected in the processing of polyethylene and related thermoplastics but would not be pronounced in the extrusion of amorphous, narrow molecular weight distribution polymers, e.g., polystyrene.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 198
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 3379-3386 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The types of free radicals formed in decrystallized cellulose prepared from cellulose I and II after γ-irradiation in nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature were studied by ESR spectroscopy. X-Ray diffraction revealed that decrystallized cellulose I and II have the same microstructure. The ESR spectra obtained with the γ-irradiated decrystallized samples are simple. By contacting the irradiated sample with moisture in nitrogen atmosphere, the ESR spectrum changed to a narrow singlet, which gradually decreased in intensity until the spectrum completely disappeared. It was found that the types of free radicals generated in the decrystallized cellulose by γ-irradiation consist of the overlap of singlet and doublet. The singlet spectrum is mainly attributed to alkoxyl radical formed by the rupture of glycosidic linkage at the C 1 or C 4 position, and the doublet spectrum is ascribed to radical formed by hydrogen abstraction from the C 1 position in cellulose molecule.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 199
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 3501-3508 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Three important characteristics of loose wool bulks; compression, felting, and handle score are shown to be dependent upon the decrimping properties of the fibers. The relationship between decrimping energy and compressional load is very strong and it is suggested that rapid measurement of compressional properties may be of use in commerece and manufacture.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 200
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 3543-3553 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: An analytical procedure for determining the antioxidant (i.e., Akroflex CD) content in neoprene rubber has been developed. The method is based on the infrared absorption analyses of chloroform extractables from the cured rubber at 1600 cm-1 and 1300 cm-1. Good agreement is found between these two independent sets of measurements. In an attempt to elucidate the antioxidant loss mechanism found with neoprene, thermal aging studies were carried out over the temperature range of 80°-200°C. Using the infrared analytical procedure, antioxidant loss rates at the different temperatures were established. The activation energy value (5.1 kcal/mole) for the loss rate as well as other aging data suggest that the antioxidant is lost by a diffusion mechanism.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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