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  • 1985-1989  (16,437)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (16,437)
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 198-205 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß von Mangan auf die Hochtemperaturoxidation von Eisen-Chrom-LegierungenDas Oxidationsverhalten von manganhaltigen Fe-28% Cr-Legierungen in Sauerstoff bei 800 und 1000°C wurde untersucht. Das zusätzliche Legierungselement hat einen negativen Einfluß auf die Oxidationsbeständigkeit, da unter isothermen Bedingungen die Geschwindigkeit des Zunderwachstums und die Häufigkeit der Zerstörung der Zunderschicht erhöht ist. Dieses Verhalten ist weitgehend bedingt durch die verhältnismäßig hohe Diffusionsgeschwindigkeit von Mangan durch den Cr2O3-Zunder in Verbindung mit der Bildung von MnCr2O4-Spinell an der äußeren Zunderoberfläche. Der Zunder auf der Legierung Fe 28 Cr 1 Mn besteht aus einer Schicht Cr2O3 mit geringem Mangangehalt und einer äußeren Schicht des Oxids vom Spinelltyp. Während der frühen Stadien der Oxidation entsteht auch eine innere Spinellschicht, die jedoch wegen der Diffusion des Mangans in die äußere Schicht fast vollständig verschwindet. Ein ähnlicher Zunder entsteht auf Fe 26 Cr 5 Mn, doch wird dabei wegen der höheren Mangankonzentration eine beträchtliche Menge Mangan in den inneren Bereichen der Zunderschicht zurückbehalten. Insgesamt ist die Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit der Zunderschicht bei dieser Legierung wesentlich höher als die auf der Legierung Fe 28 Cr order der 1% Mn enthaltenden Legierung.
    Notes: An investigation has been undertaken into the oxidation behaviour of manganese-containing Fe-28% Cr alloys in oxygen at 800° and 1000°C. The presence of the tertiary element has a detrimental effect on the oxidation resistance, resulting in enhanced scale-growth rates during isothermal exposure and increased incidences of scale failure at temperature. This is largely due to relatively rapid rates of diffusion of manganese across the Cr2O3 scale and formation of MnCr2O4 spinel on its outer surface. The scale on Fe-28% Cr-1% Mn consists of a layer of Cr2O3, containing a small concentration of manganese, with an outer layer of the spinel oxide. During the early stages, an inner layer of the spinel also develops, but, eventually, this almost completely disappears as the manganese diffuses into the outer scale. A similar scale forms on Fe-26% Cr-5% Mn, but the higher manganese concentration enables a significant amount of this element to be retained in the inner regions. The overall growth rate of the scale is significantly faster than on Fe-28% Cr or the 1% Mn-containing alloy.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 102
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 206-213 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Oxidation eines austenitischen MnCr-Stahls während der Prüfung des Kriechverhaltens und ihre Wechselwirkung mit der BruchflächeDie Wechselwirkung zwischen Oxidation und Zeitstandbruch wurde unter Verwendung eines austenitischen Stahls (Fe 17 Mn 10 Cr) untersucht, der als Werkstoff für innere Komponenten von Fusionsreaktoren von Interesse ist. Die Untersuchung von Kriechproben, die in Luft bei 773 bis 973 K geprüft wurden, zeigte einen festhaftenden Oxidzunder und eine darunterliegende ferritische Phase, die aufgrund der Mn-Verarmung der austenitischen Matrix entsteht.Das Mikrogefüge der beiden Schichten wurde mittels Lichtmikroskopie, REM, Röntgenbeugung, EDS und magnetischen Permeabilitätsmessungen untersucht, und danach hat der Zunder ein komplexes Gefüge, besteht jedoch hauptsächlich aus Manganoxid. Die ferritische Schicht ist vollständig rekristallisiert und im Gegensatz zur austenitischen Phase frei von Korngrenzenausscheidungen. Der Einfluß der Oberflächenmodifizierungen auf den Zeitstandbruch wird anhand eines neueren Modells der Wechselwirkung zwischen Verformung und Oxidation erörtert.
    Notes: The interaction between oxidation and creep rupture was studied in a 17 Mn-10 Cr austenitic steel, of interest as structural material for the internal components of fusion reactors. The observation of the creep specimens tested in air at temperatures ranging from 773 to 973 K revealed the presence of an adherent oxide scale and of a ferritic phase underneath, which forms as a consequence of the Mn depletion of the austenitic matrix.The microstructure of the two layers was investigated by optical microscopy, SEM, X-ray diffraction, EDS and magnetic permeability measurements. The scale has a complex structure, being composed mainly of manganese oxide. The ferritic layer is completely recrystallized and does not present grain boundary precipitates as the austenitic phase does.The effect of the surface modification on the creep rupture process is discussed in the light of a recent model of deformation-oxidation interaction.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 103
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 104
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R124 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 105
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R126 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 106
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R103 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 107
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R125 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 108
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R126 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 109
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 403-405 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 110
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R151 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 111
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R177 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 112
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R180 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 113
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations of the corrosion fatigue behaviour at a super pure martensitic stainless steel X5CrNiCuNb 17 4 PH in comparison to the soft martensitic stainless steel X4CrNiMo 16 5 1 ESR in chloride containing aqueous media  -  Part 2: Corrosion fatigue tests and crack initiation mechanismsThe following report concerns the study of the corrosion fatigue behaviour of the soft martensitic steel X4CrNiMo 16 5 1 ESR and the precipitation hardened X5CrNiCuNb 17 4 PH in sodium solution in the temperature range between 20° and 150 °C and the determination of their general corrosion properties and the mechanism of crack propagation. Their corrosion fatigue limits were compared with each other. A comparision was also made between an electro-slag-remelted soft martensitic steel and a charge without an ESR aftertreatment. Microfractographical fracture and crack path investigation were carried out for interpretation of the experimental results.It was observed that in both super pure steels (soft martensitic and precipitation hardened) the oxidic inclusions are not responsible for the crack intiation, as it was found in the non ESR treated steels. In the 17-4 PH steel copper containing inclusions in the crack initiation areas were observed. In concentrated sodium solution pitting corrosion was found at both steels.
    Notes: Untersuchungen zum Schwingungsrißkorrosionsverhalten des weichmartensitischen Stahles X4CrNiMo 16 5 1 ESU und des Martensitaushärters X5CrNiCuNb 17 4 PH in NaCl-haltigen Lösungen im Temperaturbereich zwischen 20° und 150 °C. Bestimmung der Korrosionseigenschaften und der Rißeinleitungsmechanismen. Vergleich zwischen einem Elektro-Schlacke-umgeschmolzenen Weichmartensiten und einer Charge, die nicht ESU-behandelt worden ist. Mikrofraktographische Bruch- und Rißverlaufsbeurteilung zur Deutung der Versuchsergebnisse.Die fraktographischen Untersuchungen ergaben, daß bei dem hochreinen weichmartensitischen und dem martensitaushärtenden Stahl oxidische Einschlüsse bei der Rißeinleitung keine Rolle spielen. Beim martensitaushärtenden Stahl wurden Cu-haltige Einschlüsse im Rißausgangsbereich nachgewiesen. In konzentrierter Salzlösung trat bei beiden Stählen Lochfraß auf, der rißinitiierend wirkte.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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  • 114
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 132-132 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 115
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 116
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 117
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R160 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 118
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 119
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 437-440 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Untersuchung des Einflusses von Dampfphaseninhibitoren auf die Benetzbarkeit der Eisenoberfläche mittels KontaktwinkelmessungenDurch die Auswertung von Kontaktwinkelmessungen (Vorrückwinkel) an Systemen primäroxidbedecktes Eisen/Flüssigkeit/Gas wurde der Einfluß von Dicyclohexylammoniumnitrit (DICHAN) und Dicyclohexylamin (DICHAMIN) auf das grenzflächenenergetische Verhalten der realen Eisenoberfläche mittels Näherungsgleichungen abgeschätzt. Die vorgestellten Ergebnisse stützen die bereits aus ellipsometrischen Untersuchungen getroffene Aussage, wonach die Hydrophobierung der Eisenoberfläche in der Anfangsphase des Kontaktes mit DICHAN durch dessen Absorption bedingt wird, während sie im Fall des DICHAMINs bevorzugt durch protolytische Wechselwirkungen mit den Oberflächenhydroxylgruppen der Primäroxidschicht des Eisens zustande kommt und ebenfalls zur Stabilisierung des Passivzustandes beiträgt.
    Notes: The influence of dicyclohexyl ammonium nitrite (DICHAN) and dicyclohexylamine (DICHAMIN) on the interfacial-energetic behaviour of the real iron surface was estimated by means of approximation equations by the evaluation of contact angle measurements (advancing angle) on system of primary-oxidecovered iron/liquid/gas. The presented results support the statement having be made already from ellipsometric investigations that the hydrophobicity of the iron surface during the initial phase of the contact with DICHAN is caused by its adsorption, whereas in the case of DICHAMIN it is brought about probably by protolytic interactions with the surface hydroxyl groups of the primary oxide layer of iron and contributes to the stabilization of the passive state, too.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 120
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R47 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 121
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R55 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 122
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R56 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 123
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R201 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 124
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R143 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 125
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 126
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 160-162 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Versagen von hitzebeständigem Stahlguß in Müllverbrennungsanlagen bei hohen TemperaturenIn Müllverbrennungsanlagen sind Roste und Seitenplatten aus hitzebeständigem Stahlguß unkontrollierbaren Temperaturen bis zu etwa 1000°C und unterschiedlichen Korrosionsangriffen ausgesetzt. Große Temperaturgradienten führen zu Rissen, hohe Gehalte von Chlor oder auch von Schwefel führen zu starkem Wanddickenabbau. Die verschiedenen Ursachen für den Ausfall gestatten keine allgemein verbindlichen Werkstoffempfehlungen.
    Notes: In waste incinerators, heat resistant cast steel grates and side wall plates are exposed to uncontrollable temperatures up to approx. 1000°C and also to various corrosion attacks. Considerable temperature gradients may generate cracks, elevated Cl-contents or S-contents will produce high loss of wall thicknesses. Since failures may result from very different causes, all-round recommendations as to material selection cannot be given.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 127
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 153-156 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Verhinderung von Korrosion mit Hilfe von besseren VerbrennungsbedingungenDie in den letzten Jahren sich häufenden Schäden an den feuerraumseitigen Rohrseiten der Müllverbrennungskessel haben ihre Ursache in der Mehrzahl der Fäle sowohl in der Erosion aufgrund mitgerissener Staubteile als auch chemischer Angriffe auf das blanke Rohrmaterial einschl. der sogen. reduzierenden Atmosphäre durch Verbrennung bei Sauerstoffmangel.Gegen diese aggressive Rauchgasatmosphäre schützen praktisch nur keramische Stoffe, indem diese in Form von Überzügen auf die druckführenden Kesselrohre aufgetragen werden.Die hier aufgezeigten Wege stellen die Korrosionsvermeidung durch eine vollständige Verbrennung bei geregeltem Sauerstoffüberschuß vor.Das für den heterogenen Brennstoff Müll speziell entwickelte Verbrennungskonzept einschl. des Regelverfahrens der Feuerführung in Verbindung mit einer fast vollständigen Rauchgasreinigung wird vorgestellt.
    Notes: Rising heating values of the refuses resulted in a spontaneous worsening of the heating surface corrosion. Consequently, before the construction of our new boilers substantial new studies and tests on combustion control were carried out between 1977 and 1979. Now on the basis of around 60 000 operating hours in 8 years, i.e. approximately 85% availability, the new boiler concept has proved to be exceptionally good. With combustion chamber temperatures between 900 and 1100°C and oxygen contents of between 7 and 9% the unburned carbon compounds in the flue gas are very low and no 2,3,7,8 dioxine components have been detected in the ashes. In total the measures described result in combustion with low pollutants but naturally do not alone enable adherence to the modern clean gas specifications. Stadtwerke Düsseldorf AG has also here in good time developed an advanced quasi-dry flue gas cleaning concept that produce no waste water. Approximately 97% of the particulate and up to approximately 98,5% of the gaseous heavy metals are precipitated by this quasi-dry absorption. A waste-water free process has also been pursued for more extensive removal of gaseous residuals (i.e. mercury). In this case the selection fell to the coke filter technique, whereby, however, on account of costs it was necessary to abandon the regeneration of the coke, so that only the use of more economical lignite coke was considered.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 128
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 129
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R230 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 130
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 539-544 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Determination of the corrosion behaviour of car-body steel by optical methodsFor optimum corrosion protection in car manufacturing it is of importance to test the corrosion properties of the low carbon steel in addition to the quality of the surface coating. For this purpose it is necessary to apply methods which can be used on-line as it is the case by reflectance spectroscopy.The composition and the thickness of the oxide layer on the steel can be determined by analyzing the spectral absorption of the oxide layer. It is sufficient to detect the intensity of the reflected light at three different wave-lengths by a filter system. From these intensities a corrosion index can be calculated with a high correlation to the corrosion under paint.Various data from other investigations will be presented and analyzed by factor analysis.
    Notes: Um einen optimalen Korrosionsschutz im Automobilbau gewährleisten zu können, ist neben den dort heute schon intensiv geprüften Vorbehandlungs- und Lackschutzeigenschaften auch eine Kontrolle der eingesetzten Feinbleche auf ihr Korrosionsverhalten notwendig. Im Hinblick auf eine kontinuierliche Blecheingangskontrolle ist eine „on-line“ Prüfung anzustreben.Durch reflexionsspektroskopische Messungen im sichtbaren Wellenlängenbereich kann gezeigt werden, daß die Erfassung der Zusammensetzung und Dicke der atmosphärisch gebildeten Oxidschicht auf der Blechoberfläche cine Vorhersage des Korrosionsverhaltens von beschichteten Blechen gestattet.Hierbei ist es ausreichend, die Remissionswerte mit einem einfachen Dreifiltergerät bei ausgewählten Wellenlängen zu bestimmen.Zusammen mit dem aus weiteren Untersuchungen angefallenen Datenmaterial werden die verschiedenen Meßgrößen mittels der Faktorenanalyse auf ihre Korrelation zu Freibewitterungsergebnissen untersucht.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 131
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 552-558 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Anwendung der Schallemissionsanalyse zur Untersuchung der Haftung von Deckschichten auf Ni-10Cr-8Al mit Schwefel- und/oder Yttrium-VerunreinigungenVon mehreren Autoren konnte gezeigt werden, daß Verunreinigungen von Schwefel in NiCrAl-Basislegierungen einen negativen Einfluß auf die Hochtemperaturoxidationsbeständigkeit ausüben. Es steht jedoch weiterhin zur Diskussion, ob die schädigende Wirkung des Schwefels auf eine Reduzierung der Schichthaftung oder auf ein beschleunigtes Schichtwachstum zurückzuführen ist. Zur Klärung dieser Frage wurden in der vorliegenden Arbeit zwei unabhängige experimentelle Techniken, die Gravimetrie und Schallemissionsanalyse, eingesetzt. Es wurden isotherme und zyklische Oxidationsversuche an Proben der Legierung Ni-10Cr-8Al durchgeführt, die gezielte Zusätze von Schwefel- und/oder Yttrium enthielten.Die Ergebnisse deuteten an, daß die schädliche Wirkung des Schwefels primär auf eine Erhöhung des Schichtwachstums und auf eine veränderte Schichtzusammensetzung zurückzuführen ist und nur in geringerem Maße auf eine Beeinflussung der Schichthaftung. Zusätze von Yttrium bewirken, wie seit längerem bekannt ist, eine verbesserte Schichthaftung, jedoch, wie hier gezeigt, ebenfalls eine Reduzierung des Schichtwachstums durch Gettern der Schwefelverunreinigung.
    Notes: It is now well established that the presence of small amounts of sulphur impurity in a NiCrAl-based alloy causes a deleterious effect on their high temperature oxidation behaviour. It is, however, not clear whether the adverse effect is due to a decrease in the spalling resistance of the oxide scale or due to an enhanced scale growth. In order to confirm which of the factors is dominating, two independent experimental techniques were used in the investigation of the oxidation behaviour of Ni-10Cr-8AI containing sulphur- and/or yttrium additions: conventional thermogravimetry, to study the scale growth rates and acoustic emission analysis to study the scale adherence. The results indicated that the dominant factor responsible for the deleterious effect of sulphur impurity on the oxidation of a Ni-10Cr-8AI alloy, was a significant change in the growth rate and the composition of the scale. Addition of yttrium improved the oxidation behaviour, not only by increasing the scale adherence, but also by reducing the scale growth due to gettering of sulphur.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 132
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R248 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 133
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R256 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 134
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 593-598 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Dynamic corrosion investigations in the eutectic lead-lithium melt Pb-17LiThe Pb-17Li circuit „PICOLO“ was constructed and commissioned in the Institute for Material and Solid State Research II of the Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe. This circuit serves for corrosion tests with the martensitic steel 1.4914, which is under discussion for the application as structural material for a fusion reactor blanket. The design and the functions of the circuit are described. The experience which has been gained so far is principally favorable. A temperature of 500°C seems, however, to be the upper limit for the operation with the structural materials of the circuit. The corrosion of specimens and materials of the components becomes considerably high at higher temperatures; this has been seen to cause the plugging due to the precipitation of corrosion products. The results of the first test series are presented and discussed.
    Notes: Für Korrosionsuntersuchungen an dem martensitischen Stahl 1.4914, der als Blanketwerkstoff für einer Fusionsreaktor zur Diskussion steht, wurde im Institut für Material- und Festkörperforschung II des Kernforschungszentrums Karlsruhe der Kreislauf „PICOLO“ errichtet und mit der eutektischen Legierung Pb-17Li in Betrieb genommen.Der Kreislauf wird in seinem Aufbau und in seiner Wirkungsweise beschrieben. Die bisher gemachten Betriebserfahrungen sind positiv, allerdings zeichnet sich ab, daß die Temperatur von 500°C eine Obergrenze für die verwendeten Materialien darstellt. Bei höheren Temperaturen erreicht die Korrosion ein zu großes Ausmaß, und das kann zu Verstopfungen durch Korrosionsprodukte führen. Ergebnisse erster Versuchsreihen werden vorgestellt und diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 135
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  • 136
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 628-628 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 137
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 642-650 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of HCl and N2 on high temperature corrosion in atmospheres with low oxygen pressuresThe effects of HCl and N2 on the high temperature corrosion in atmospheres with low oxygen pressures were investigated.Investigations of the alloy Fe-20Cr in He-H2-H2-O-HCl atmospheres at 1173 K under conditions, where no condensed chlorides could be formed, show the simultaneous growth of Cr2O3 and evaporation of CrCl2. The kinetics of the reactions can be described by growth of Cr2O3 according to the parabolic rate law and transport of CrCl2 in the gas flow following a linear rate law.During heating of the samples in He-H2-H2O-HCl condensed chlorides are formed which decrease the adherence of the oxide layers and cause oxide spallation during cooling. This can be avoided either by preoxidation in H2-H2O or heating in dry hydrogen. The porosity of Cr2O3 layers is not enhanced when HCl is added to the gas atmosphere.The oxidation and evaporation is enhanced in N2-H2-H2O-HCl atmospheres compared to He-H2-H2O-HCl atmospheres. The Cr2O3 scales are coarse grained and poros. The enhanced porosity is caused by the nucleation and growth of chromium nitrides in the transient state of oxidation.
    Notes: Der Einfluß von gasförmigem HCl und Stickstoff auf die Hochtemperatur-Korrosion in Atmosphären mit niedrigem Sauerstoffpartialdruck wurde untersucht.Untersuchungen mit der Legierung Fe-20Cr in He-H2-H2O-HCl-Atmosphären bei 1173 K unter Bedingungen, bei denen keine kondensierten Chloride gebildet werden, zeigten, daß gleichzeitig Wachstum von Cr2O3 und Abdampfen von CrCl2 erfolgt. Die Kinetik der Gesamtreaktion läßt sich durch Überlagerung eines parabolischen Zeitgesetzes für das Oxidwachstum mit einem linearen Zeitgesetz für die Abdiffusion des Chlorides in den Gasstrom beschreiben.Beim Aufheizen der Proben in He-H2-H2O-HCl bilden sich kondensierte Chloride, die die Haftung der Oxidschichten beeinträchtigen und Abplatzen beim Abkühlen verursachen. Voroxidation in H2-H2O oder Aufheizen in getrocknetem Wasserstoff verhindern dies. Die Porosität von Cr2O3-Schichten wird durch den Zusatz von HCl zur Gasatmosphäre nicht erhöht.In N2-H2-H2O-HCl-Atmosphären ist die Oxidation und das Abdampfen beschleunigt gegenüber He-H2-H2O-HCl-Atmosphären. Die gebildeten Cr2O3-Schichten sind grobkörnig und porös. Ursache der erhöhten Porosität ist die Keimbildung und das Wachstum von Chromnitriden im Anfangsstadium der Oxidation.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 138
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 673-679 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Verfahren zur Prüfung der Beständigkeit stabilisierter nichtrostender Stähle gegen interkristalline KorrosionBeziehungen zwischen dem effektiven Chrom- und Kohlenstoffgehalt sowie der Widerstandsparameter (k) werden in der vorliegenden Arbeit auf ihre Anwendbarkeit auf stabilisierte Stähle geprüft. Die Wirkungskoeffizienten der Stabilisierung von Tistabilisierten Stählen (4 Typen), bestimmt aufgrund der vollständigen chemischen Zusammensetzung, bilden die Grundlage für die Angabe von Widerstandsparametern dieser Stähle gegen interkristalline Korrosion. Der Vergleich mit niedriggekohlten Stählen, zwei davon mit optimierter chemischer Zusammensetzung und einer mit Niob stabilisiert, zeigt. daß die Stähle des Typs 08Cr18Ni10Ti ausreichende und garantierte Beständigkeit gegen interkristalline Korrosion besitzen. Die Methode zur Berechnung der Beständigkeit gegen interkristalline Korrosion, die auf der Berechnung des effektiven Mindestgehalts an Chrom und des effektiven Höchstgehalts an Kohlenstoff beruht und den daraus resultierenden Widerstandsparameter k benutzt, eignet sich zur praktischen Anwendung bei der Herstellung der nichtrostenden Stähle.
    Notes: Relationships between the effective chromium and carbon contents and the parameter of resistance (k) are discussed in this paper in relation to their applicability to stabilized steels. The efficiency coefficients of stabilization in Ti-stabilized steels of four types, determined according to the completeness of chemical composition, were the basis for indicating the parameters of the resistance of these steels to intergranular corrosion. The comparison with low carbon steels, two of optimized chemical composition, one stabilized with niobium, reveals sufficient resistance to, and guarantee of this resistance to the intergranular corrosion for the 08Cr18Ni10Ti grade. The method of evaluating the resistance to intergranular attack based on calculating the minimum effective chromium content, the maximum effective carbon content and the resistance parameter k that issues therefrom, is suitable for practical application directly during the making of stainless steels.
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  • 139
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 692-692 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 140
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R295 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 141
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 142
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 703-715 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Flue gas desulfurization  -  a challenge to materials technologySince July 1st, 1988, within the Federal Republic of Weinheim the emission of SO2 from all fossil fired power stations having a thermal output of more than 300 MW is limited to max. 400 mg/m3 of flue gas. In the last years all bigger power plants, especially also the already existing ones, had to be equipped with flue gas desulfurization (FGD) plants. Mostly “wet washing processes” were chosen for technical realization. Mainly such processes were selected, where the SO2-gas is absorbed as gypsum by lime solutions or limestone suspensions. In the so-called Wellman-Lord-process SO2 is absorbed by a sodium sulfite solution. The sodium hydrogensulfite formed can be decomposed to the primary components by heating and concentrating rendering SO2 industrially usable. In this case at least it is necessary to clean the flue gases by a water wash first.Fossil fuels consist of a lot of elements besides of inflammable matters. Therefore, flue gases can contain nearly all the natural elements of the periodic system in different concentrations. Especially below the flue gases' dew point, very aggressive conditions to all materials are created by compounds of sulphur and all halides.Different solutions can be chosen to solve the given problems in the different areas of such plants with respect to materials, such as coatings or coverings on unalloyed steel (organic coatings with different fillers, rubber lining, eventually with supplementary coffering with heat resisting stones), high alloyed corrosion resistant steels and nickel base alloys, or also glas fiber reinforced resins (GRP). They have been applied in different installations. Using as an example the Wellman-Lord-process, which was chosen in the FGD-plants of the Ludwigshafen and Marl power stations of BASF, results of materials testing are described which led to an original solution to build such plants.Service experience of several FGD-installations shows: sorrow workman-ship, and its consistent control is the more important the more materials characteristics are close to the border lines.
    Notes: Seit 1. Juli 1988 ist für alle fossil gefeuerten Kraftwerke in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland mit einer thermischen Leistung von über 300 MW die Emission von SO2 auf maximal 400 mg/m3 Rauchgas beschränkt. Hierdurch wurde in den letzten Jahren der Bau und insbesondere die Nachrüstung von Rauchgasentschwefelungsanlagen (REA) auch in schon bestehenden größeren Kraftwerken notwendig. Großtechnisch realisiert wurden im wesentlichen sogenannte Naßwäschen. In der überwiegenden Zahl der Fälle wurden Verfahren gewählt, in denen das SO2 durch Kalkmilch oder Kalkstein-Suspension als Gips gebunden wird. Beim sogenannten Wellman-Lord-Verfahren wird das SO2 von einer Natriumsulfitlösung absorbiert. Das gebildete Natriumbisulfit kann durch Erwärmen und Aufkonzentration wieder in die Ausgangsstoffe zersetzt werden, wodurch das abgespaltene SO2 industriell nutzbar wird. Der eigentlichen Absorptionsstufe muß dann eine Vorwäsche mit Wasser vorgeschaltet werden.Da fossile Brennstoffe neben den eigentlichen brennbaren Bestandteilen eine große Anzahl von Begleitstoffen enthalten, findet man auch in den Rauchgasen in unterschiedlichen Mengen fast die gesamte Palette der natürlichen Elemente des periodischen Systems. Für alle Werkstoffe besonders aggressiv, besonders nach Unterschreiten des Taupunktes der Rauchgase, sind neben den Schwefelverbindungen vor allem Halogenide.Je nach Problembereich stehen Beschichtungen auf unlegiertem Stahl (z. T. gefüllte, organische oder anorganische Beschichtungen, Gummierungen, z. T. auch Ausmauerungen), hochlegierte Sonderstähle und Nickelbasislegierungen oder auch glasfaserverstärkte Kunstharze (GFK) als Werkstoffe zur Bewältigung dieser Probleme zur Verfügung und wurden auch eingesetzt. Am Beispiel des für die BASF-Kraftwerke „Mitte“ in Ludwigshafen und in Marl gewählte Wellman-Lord-Verfahrens wird über Beständigkeitsuntersuchungen berichtet, die zu einem eigenen Werkstoffkonzept führten.Wie die Betriebserfahrung in verschiedenen Wäschen nachweist, kommt der sorgfältigen handwerklichen Ausführung und ihrer konsequenten Überwachung um so größere Bedeutung zu, je mehr sich die werkstofftechnischen Lösungen im Grenzbereich ihrer technischen Realisierbarkeit befinden.
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  • 143
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 668-673 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Umweltfaktoren als Ursache der ungewöhnlichen Korrosion von verzinktem StahlEine ungewöhnlich starke Korrosion von feuerverzinktem Stahl in einer subtropischen Meeresatmosphäre wurde untersucht. Aufgrund der mittels Röntgenbeugungsanalyse der Korrosionsprodukte, des umgebenden Bodens und des aus der Luft abgelagerten Staubs sowie aufgrund der REM-Befunde und der EDAX-Analyse der losen Deckschicht sowie aufgrund der metallographischen Untersuchung von Schnitten durch verzinkten Stahl mit unterschiedlichem Korrosionsgrad wird ein Mechanismus für den Angriff vorgeschlagen, der die außerordentlich hohe Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit des verzinkten Stahls auf die dort herrschenden speziellen atmosphärischen Verhältnisse zurückführt.
    Notes: A phenomenon of unusual heavy corrosion of hot dip galvanized structural steelwork in a subtropical severe marine atmosphere has been studied. Through the data optained from X-ray diffraction analysis of corrosion products, surrounding soil samples and environmental dust samples, and from SEM observations and EDAX analysis of loose corrosion scale, as well as from the information provided by the metallographic study of galvanized steel sections with different degree of corrosion, a mechanism of attack has been proposed, which accounts for the special environmental factors prevailing on the place.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R281 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R178 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R178 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 147
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 682-692 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 148
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 692-692 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 149
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Pack aluminizing of low alloyed steel: Metallurgical aspects of the coating procedure and coating reliability in high temperature serviceThis study concentrates on metallurgical aspects of the pack aluminizing coating procedure of a low alloyed 1% Cr½% Mo steel (13 CrMo 44) as well as on the coating reliability in high temperature service.It is reported, how the coating procedure can be optimized by controlling coating temperature and time as well as the composition of the powder mixture.In high temperature service a protective coating has to withstand diffusion and corrosion reactions. Creep and low cycle fatigue of a component also can result in coating failure.Optimized coatings on low alloyed steels withstand high temperature sulfidation up to 600°C, where no increase in layer thickness or decrease of aluminium concentration in the specimen surface occurs. Even after creep strains of six percent no cracks are found in the coating.Thermal cycling of coated specimens results in nucleation and growth of cracks in the coating and thus represents the life limiting damage process of aluminized low alloyed steel.
    Notes: In einer Fallstudie am Beispielk des niedriglegierten Stahles 13 CrMo 44 wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit aufgezeigt, wie Schutzschichten auf Hochtemperaturwerkstoffen zunächst durch gezielte Einstellung der Beschichtungsparameter Pulvermischung, Beschichtungstemperatur und Beschichturgsdauer optimiert werden, wobei der metallographischen Analyse der Schutzschichten eine besondere Bedeutung zukommt (Abb. 11a).Die Schutzschicht muß im Hochtemperatureinsatz einem Beanspruchungskollektiv aus Diffusions- und Korrosionsreaktionen mit überlagerten mechanischen Beanspruchungen, wie Kriechen und thermische Ermüdung, standhalten (Abb. 11b). In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurde das Beanspruchungskollektiv in seine Einzelkomponenten zerlegt. Es zeigte sich, daß Abdiffusion, Hochtemperatursulfidierung und Kriechen von einer optimierten Alitierschicht gut ertragen werden.Temperaturwechselbeanspruchungen führen zu Ermüdungsrißbildung in Pulveraluminierschutzschichten und stellen daher einen sehr wichtigen, die Lebensdauer bestimmenden Bestandteil des Beanspruchungskollektivs im Hochtemperatureinsatz dar.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 133-133 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 151
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 135-141 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Müllverbrennungsanlagen in der Bundesrepublik: Konstruktion, Werkstoffe, SchadensuntersuchungDie Entwicklung der Müllverbrennung in Deutschland und die zukünftigen Aussichten werden unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Korrosionsprobleme beschrieben. Die Heterogenität des Mülls und spezielle Inhaltsstoffe sind die Ursache eines höheren Korrosionsrisikos im Vergleich zu anderen Brennstoffen, z.B. Kohle.Die in Müllverbrennungsanlagen eingesetzten Werkstoffe sind vorzugsweise die gleichen, wie in fossil befeuerten Anlagen, nämlich und niedriglegierte Stähle. Konstruktive Maßnahmen werden angewandt, um verstärkte Korrosion zu vermeiden.Es werden Beispiele für die rauchgasseitige Korrosion von Verdampfer- und Überhitzerrohren gegeben. Im Feuerraum wird die Korrosion zu etwa 50% durch reduzierende Bedingungen verursacht. Bei den übrigen 50% spielen Chloridverbindungen eine ausschlaggebende Rolle. Im Überhitzerbereich wird die Korrosion gewöhnlich durch „Hochtemperaturchloridkorrosion“ verursacht.
    Notes: The development and future aspects of waste incineration in Germany are described with emphasis to corrosion problems. The heterogeneity of waste and special components are the cause of higher corrosion risk in comparison with other fuels, e.g. coal.The materials used in waste incineration plants are preferably the same as in fossil fuel fired boilers, namely un- and low-alloyed steels. Constructive measures are used to avoid enhanced corrosion.Examples are given for enhanced fire-side corrosion of evaporator and superheater tubes. Corrosion in the combustion chamber is to about 50% caused by local reducing conditions. At the other 50% chlorine compounds play a decisive role. Corrosion in the superheater area is usually caused by “high temperature chlorid corrosion”.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 152
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 142-146 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Feuerseitige Korrosion in holländischen MüllverbrennungsanlagenDie elf holländischen Müllverbrennungsanlagen sind auf eine Kapazität von 3,6 × 106 t/Jahr ausgelegt. Etwa 70% des verbrannten Mülls sind Haushaltsmüll, der Rest ist Industrie- und Sperrmüll. Hinsichtlich der feuerseitigen Korrosion kann die Ofenatmosphäre wie folgt charakterisiert werden: Verbrennungsgastemperatur 800-1000°C, Luftüberschuß 50% PHCl 10-3 - 10-5 bar, PSO2 10-4 bar. Zwei Fälle von Überhitzerschäden werden beschrieben. Allgemein wurde festgestellt, daß in den holländischen Müllverbrennungsanlagen zwar feuerseitige Korrosion auftritt, daß diese jedoch nur für einen Teil der nichtvorhergesehenen Stillstände verantwortlich ist. Verbesserungen sind möglich durch Optimieren der Verbrennungsbedingungen, des Schlackentransports, der Roste und gegebenenfalls durch Verwendung von korrosionsbeständigeren Rohrwerkstoffen in bestimmten Bereichen des Ofens.
    Notes: The total installed capacity in the (eleven) Dutch waste incineration plants is 3.6 × 106 t/y. About 70% of the waste is household, the remainder industrial and coarse waste. From the view point of fireside corrosion the furnace atmosphere may be characterized as follows: flue gas temperature 800-1000 °C, excess ait 50% PHCl 10-3-10-5 bar, PSO2 10-4 bar. Two case histories concerning superheater failures are described. It has been found that fire side corrosion failures do occur in Dutch waste incinerators but they account for only part of the unforeseen plant unavailability. Improvements can be achieved by optimizing burning conditions, slag transport, gratings and, if necessary, by installation of more corrosion-resistant tube materials in (certain parts of) the boiler.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 153
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 147-150 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Vergleich verschiedener Kesselrohrwerkstoffe und ihrer Korrosionsbeständigkeit bei der kommunalen MüllverbrennungMit der vorliegenden Arbeit sollen die Korrosionsgefahren geklärt werden, die sich ergeben, wenn vorbehandelter kommunaler Müll als Zusatzbrennstoff zusammen mit Rinde in einem Wirbelschichtkessel verbrannt wird. Ausgegangen wurde davon, daß beim Verbrennen von Rinde allein keine Korrosion der Werkstoffe auftritt. Wenn andererseits der Müll verbrannt wird, bleibt die Korrosion der Stähle unbedeutend, sofern die Oberflächentemperatur des Werkstoffs unter 300°C gehalten wird. Bei darüberliegenden Temperaturen führt das Verbrennen von kommunalem Müll zu Korrosion von herkömmlichem Kesselstahl, während nichtrostende Stähle unter diesen Bedingungen nicht angegriffen wurden. Die Auswirkungen der Müllverbrennung auf die Schadstoffabgabe mit den Verbrennungsgasen wurde ebenfalls untersucht.
    Notes: The aim of this paper is to investigate the corrosion risks in burning of pretreated municipal waste as additional fuel together with bark in a fluidized-bed boiler. It was deduced that the burning of bark alone did not cause corrosion in the materials tested. When the waste was burnt the corrosion of steels was insignificant when providing that the surface temperature of material was below 300°C. When the surface temperature was over this temperature, the burning of municipal waste caused corrosion in the conventional boiler steel. The stainless steels were not corroded even in these conditions. The impact of waste combustion on flue gas releases was also studied.
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  • 154
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R1 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 155
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 175-181 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß von Chlorwasserstoff auf die Korrosion einer FeCrAlY-Legierung in einer simulierten KohlevergasungsatmosphäreEie Chrom-Aluminium-Yttrium-Stahl wurde einer simulierten Kohlevergasungsatmosphäre ausgesetzt die 1000 ppm bzw. 2200 ppm Chlorwasserstoff enthielt und deren Temperatur 450 °C betrug. Durch Erhöhen des Chlorwasserstoffgehalts werden die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit erhöht und die Mikrostruktur sowie die Zusammensetzung des Korrosionsprodukts beträchtlich verändert. Für diese Ergebnisse werden versuchsweise Mechanismen postuliert, nach denen Metallchloride über die Gasphase transportiert werden.
    Notes: An iron chromium aluminium yttrium steel was exposed to a simulated coal gasifier atmosphere containing 1000 ppm and 2200 ppm hydrogen chloride at 450 °C. Increasing hydrogen chloride content was found to accelerate reaction rates, and significantly alter the microstructure and composition of the corrosion product. Tentative explanations for these results, involving vapour phase transport of metal chlorides are proposed.
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  • 156
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 190-192 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 157
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R76 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 158
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R82 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 159
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 213-218 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Heißgaskorrosion von Nimonic 105 in NaCl und Na2SO4Das Verhalten von Nimonic 105 unter den Bedingungen der Heißgaskorrosion in NaCl und Na2SO4 wurde mit Hilfe des Tiegelversuchs untersucht. Die Versuche wurden bei 700 bis 800°C mit 2 bis 20 h Versuchsdauer durchgeführt. Die zu Versuchsende vorliegenden Korrosionsprodukte wurden mit XRD, XRF, REM, EPMA und chemischer Analyse identifiziert. Die Gewichtsverluste in den reinen Salzen folgen einem linearen Zeitgesetz. Bei den Versuchen in Salzgemischen tritt jedoch aufgrund der Gewichtsverluste in zwei Bereichen verstärkte Korrosion auf. Der erste Bereich liegt bei niedrigen (1-5%) NaCl-Konzentrationen, wenn das Gemisch im Fest+Flüssig-Zustand gehalten wird, der zweite Bereich liegt im geschmolzenen Zustand, wenn höhere (15-30%) NaCl-Konzentrationen vorliegen. Blasen und Risse traten auf der eingetauchten Probenoberfläche im ersten Bereich und auf der oberen Oberfläche im zweiten Bereich auf. Beide Bereiche liegen im Temperaturbereich 700-800°C, d.h. über der eutektischen Temperatur (635°C) des Salzgemischs und in der Nähe des Schmelzpunkts von NaCl (800°C). Die starke Korrosion im zweiten Bereich ist vorwiegend durch die Bildung von voluminösen, mit Nickel bedeckten Ni3S2-Globulen, sowie durch die Bildung von Na2MoO4 hervorgerufen worden. Verarmung an Legierungselementen wurde durch bevorzugte Auflösung in der Schmelze hervorgerufen. Die Schädigung der Legierung in Gegenwart der angreifenden Medien wird erörtert.
    Notes: The hot corrosion behaviour of Nimonic-105 alloy was investigated in the presence of NaCl and Na2SO4 by employing the crucible test. The experiments were carried out in the temperature range 700°-800°C for periods of 2 to 20 hours. The end reaction products were characterised by the XRD, XRF, SEM, EPMA and chemical analysis techniques. Weight loss plots obtained in pure salts followed a linear rate law. However, the weight loss results obtained in salt mixtures indicated two zones of severe corrosion. The first zone occured in the presence of low concentrations of NaCl (1-5%) when the salt mixture was maintained in the solid + liquid (S + L) state and the other in the molten state, containing higher concentrations of NaCl (15-30%). Blisters and cracks were observed on the immersed surface of the corroded sample in the first zone and on the exposed top surface in the second zone. Both zones were occurred in the temperature range 700°-800°C, i.e., above the eutectic temperature (635°C) of the corrodent mixture and around the m.p. of NaCl (800°C). The heavy corrosion in the second zone was associated predominantly with voluminous formation of nickel coated Ni3S2 globules, and Na2MoO4. Denudation of alloying elements was observed due to preferential removal by the corrodents. The degradation of the alloy in the presence of corrodents is discussed.
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  • 160
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 237-242 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Microbiology of the hydraulic fluids - Part II: Microbial effects on corrosion in HFA liquids and effects of different evaluation methods.The 5th and 6th Luxembourg Reports (LR) recommend a test procedure for the corrosion protection efficiency in hydraulic fluids class HFA. This test does not consider the propagation of microorganisms in the tested fluids. Starting from the test procedure in Luxembourg Report No 6 our investigations with contaminated HFA-fluids show, that the corrosion process can be inhibited or promoted by bacteria and fungi. The dependence of the corrosion of different metals on various parameters of the environment is demonstrated. The corrosion rates are determined according to the instructions of the 6th Report are additionally compared with the results of weight-loss measurements. The differences between these two detection methods point to problems involved in the experimental procedure and in the method of assessment of the procedure given in the Luxembourg Report No 6.
    Notes: Der 5. und 6. Luxemburger Bericht (LB) empfiehlt einen Test zur Prüfung der Korrosionsschutzleistung von Hydraulikflüssigkeiten der Klasse HFA. Dieser Test berücksichtigt nicht die Vermehrung von Mikroorganismen in seinen Ansätzen.Ausgehend vom bestehenden Testverfahren des 6. LB. zeigen Untersuchungen mit mikrobenhaltigen HFA-Flüssigkeiten, daß die Anwesenheit von Bakterien und Pilzen sowohl korrosionsfördernde als auch -inhibierende Effekte aufweist. Es wird die Abhängigkeit der Korrosion unterschiedlicher Metalle von verschiedenen Milieuparametern untersucht. Dabei wird die Ermittlung der Korrosionsraten nach dem 6. LB. mit der Massenverlustmessung verglichen. Die Differenz der Aussagewerte verweist auf die Problematik der Versuchs durchführung und Auswertemethodik des 6. LB.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 243-247 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 162
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 253-265 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 163
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 266-266 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 164
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R85 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 165
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R115 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 166
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R100 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 167
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 168
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 285-294 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion of oil-fired domestic boilersDepending on the surface temperature of the flue gas side the corrosion of oil fired domestic boilers proceeds either mainly by acid corrosion or by oxygen corrosion:- At surface temperatures of 60°C and higher the corrosion mechanism of acid corrosion prevails and the corrosion rates amount to 0.1-0.3 mm/year (values referred to continuous burner operation). The corrosion products consist of soluble iron(II)- and iron(III)sulfates. Higher corrosion rates can be attributed to an appreciable catalytic formation of sulfur trioxide on the corrosion products formed on the convective heating surfaces.- At surface temperatures of 40°C the mechanism of oxygen corrosion already dominates and the corrosion rates are about ten times higher (1.5-3 mm/year, referred to continous burner operation). The high portion of ioron oxide hydrates, especially goethit (α-FeOOH), makes the corrosion products difficult to remove.- Distinctly reduced service lives are also expected for the so called reduced temperature boilers (“Niedertemperaturkessel”) and low temperature boiers (“Tieftemperaturkessel”): According to the manufacturers these boilers may be operated at boiler water temperatures well below 60°C, as they are equipped with constructive measures to enhance the surface temperature on the flue gas side. However, these measures are only fully effective under stationary conditions.Some of the results were obtained from weight loss measurements on test specimen made from St 35.8 and gray cast iron, that were exposed to the flue gases of an oil fired experimental boiler. Other important results come from field measurements of the sulfuric acid content of about 30 boilers that are in practical use.
    Notes: Die rauchgasseitige Korrosion von ölgefeuerten Warmwasserkesseln erfolgt je nach rauchgasseitiger Materialtemperatur überwiegend durch Schwefelsäurekorrosion oder durch Sauerstoffkorrosion:- Bei Materialtemperaturen von 60°C und höher liegt reine Schwefelsäurekorrosion vor, und die Abtragungsgeschwindigkeiten liegen bei 0,1-0,3 mm/Jahr (auf Brennerlaufzeit umgerechnete Werte). Die Korrosionsprodukte bestehen aus löslichen Eisen(II)- und Eisen(III)sulfaten. Höhere Abtragungsgeschwindigkeiten können dann auftreten, wenn an den Korrosionsbelägen der Nachschaltheizflächen eine nennenswerte katalytische Schwefeltrioxidbildung stattfindet.- Bei Materialtemperaturen von 40°C dominiert bereits der Mechanismus der Sauerstoffkorrosion, und die Abtragsgeschwindigkeit beträgt rund das Zehnfache (1,5-3 mm/Jahr, umgerechnet auf Brennerlaufzeit). Durch einen hohen Anteil an Eisenoxidhydraten, insbesondere Goethit (α-FeOOH), lassen sich die gebildeten Korrosionsschichten nur schwer entfernen.- Auch für sog. Nieder- und Tieftemperaturkessel mit konstruktiven Maßnahmen zur Anhebung der rauchgasseitigen Materialtemperatur werden deutlich reduzierte Standzeiten erwartet. Dies deshalb, weil diese Maßnahmen erst im Stationärbetrieb des Kessels voll wirksam werden.Ein Teil dieser Ergebnisse wurde aus Messungen des Gewichtsverlusts an Korrosionsproben aus St 35.8 und Grauguß gewonnen, welche den Rauchgasen eines ölgefeuerten Prüfstandkessels ausgesetzt wurden. Wesentliche Erkenntnisse lieferten jedoch auch Feldmessungen des Schwefeltrioxidgehalts an etwa 30 im praktischen Einsatz befindlichen Kesseln.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 344-350 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R134 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 171
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R148 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 172
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 369-373 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Über vergleichende Zug- und Torsionsuntersuchungen (Belastungsart I und III) als Methode zur Bestimmung des Rißwachstums-Mechanismus bei der SpannungsrißkorrosionEs wird ein kritischer Überblick gegeben über die Belastungsarten I (Zug) und III (Torsion) als Mittel zur Bestimmung der Wasserstoff-versprödung beim Rißwachstum bei der Spannungsrißkorrosion von Konstruktionswerkstoffen. Hierbei werden die mechanischen und elektrochemischen Aspekte berücksichtigt, wobei bezweifelt wird, ob derartige Untersuchungen grundsätzlich geeignet sind, um den Mechanismus des Rißwachstums zu bestimmen.
    Notes: This paper represents a critical review of the loading Mode I (tension) and Mode III (torsion) technique as a means of determining the role of hydrogen embrittlement in crack growth during stress-corrosion cracking of structural materials. An account is given of the mechanical and electrochemical aspects of the loading mode technique, and doubt is expressed concerning the possibility of using, in principle, Mode I and Mode III experiments for the determination of the crack growth mechanism.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 382-392 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The oxidation mechanism of szomolnokite in intermittently fired domestic boilersUsing thermogravimetry and exposure experiments on initially formed iron(II)-sulfate hydrates the consecutive reactions of the primary corrosion product szomolnokite under the typical operating conditions of domestic boilers were investigated. The reaction mechanism thus deduced is in accordance with thermodynamic equilibrium considerations in the system Fe2O3—H2SO4—H2O/crystalline phase. The reaction mechanism consists of the following steps: With this reaction mechanism the most frequently occurring crystalline phases in corrosion samples from oil fired domestic boilers can be explained.
    Notes: Mittels Thermogravimetrie und Auslagerungsversuchen primär gebildeter Eisen(II)-sulfat-Hydrate wurden die Folgereaktionen des primären Korrosionsprodukts Szomolnokit unter den typischen Betriebsbedingungen des Warmwasserkessels untersucht. Der so aufgezeigte Reaktionsmechanismus steht im Einklang mit thermodynamischen Gleichgewichtsbetrachtungen im System Fe2O3—H2SO4—H2O/ kristalline Phase. Er besteht aus folgenden Einzelschritten: Mit diesem Reaktionsmechanismus läßt sich das Auftreten der häufigsten kristallinen Phasen in Korrosionsproben aus ölgefeuerten Warmwasserkesseln erklären.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 406-408 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R161 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 132-132 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R21 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R28 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R34 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 457-458 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R183 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R56 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R203 
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  • 185
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R226 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 186
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 187
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 545-551 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Qualifizierung des Werkstoffes NICROFER 3127 LC für die Phosphorsäure-VorkonzentrierungPaper presented at ACHEMA 1988, 05-11 June 1988, Frankfurt.Aufgrund praxisbezogener Korrosionsprüfungen im Labor und in Pilotanlagen sowie unter Berücksichtigung vorhandener Korrosionsdaten konnte in sehr kurzer Zeit die FeNiCrMoCu-Legierung NICROFER® 3127 als Alternative zu Graphit-Wärmeaustauschern beim Vorkonzentrieren von Phosphorsäure bestätigt werden.Die Korrosionsraten dieser FeNiCrMoCu-Legierung liegen in 26 bis 52 Masse-%iger halogenidbelasteter Phosphorsäure-Lösung bei Temperaturen bis 80 °C deutlich unter 0,1 mm/a. Sachgerechte Verschweißungen z. B. nach dem Plasma-MIG sowie nach dem WIG-Verfahren beeinträchtigen die Beständigkeit nicht.Nach nunmehr insgesamt fast zweijähriger Betriebsdauer hat ein vollmetallischer Wärmetauscher in der Phosphorsäure-Vorkonzentrierung mit einer integralen Korrosionsrate 〈 0,1 mm/a seine Bewährungsprobe bestanden.Weitere Anlage-Komponenten sind auf der Basis dieser Erfahrungen in Planung bzw. im Bau. Zwei umgebaute Anlage sind seit April 1988 in Betrieb.
    Notes: After practice-related corrosion tests in both laboratory and pilot plant as well as in consideration of corrosion data already available, the FeNiCrMoCu alloy NICROFER® 3127 LCNICROFER® and CRONIFER® are registered trademarks of VDM Nickel-Technologie AG, D-5980 Werdohl. could be qualified within a very short time as an alternative for graphite heat exchangers for preconcentrating phosphoric acid.The corrosion rates of this alloy in a 26 to 52 wt.%, halidecontaining phosphoric acid solution at temperatures up to 80 °C are distinctly below 0.1 mm/year. Welding, e.g. by the Plasma-GMAW or GTAW Process does not adversely affect the corrosion resistance.A fully metallic heat exchanger used for preconcentrating phosphoric acid has proven its value in nearly two years' operation, showing an integral corrosion rate of less than 0.1 mm/year.Starting from this experience, further plant components are being designed or under construction. Two reconstructed plants have been in operation since April 1988.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R231 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R253 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R212 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 408-408 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R171 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R180 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 418-426 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: A new high-alloyed nickel-chromium-molybdenum steel for the chemical process industryA new austenitic nickel-chromium-molybdenum steel (Nicrofer 3127 hMo/VDM alloy 31) is combining the advantages of highchromium alloyed materials, i.e. an excellent resistance to corrosive attack by oxidizing media, with a molybdenum content of more than 6%. The nickel content is comparatively low. This way, it was possible to create a highly corrosion resistant material in using only small amounts of expensive alloying elements.The new material exhibits an excellent resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion in neutral and acid aqueous solutions which makes it superior to the known 6% Mo stainless steels and nickel-base alloys like G-3. Therefore, it lends itself to applications as e.g. flue gas desulfurization, concentrating of diluted acid, pulp & paper, phosphoric acid, acetic acid and hot seawater as a promising new material for the future. The new alloy is readily weldable.
    Notes: Ein neuer austenitischer Nickel-Chrom-Molybdän-Stahl (Nicrofer 3127 hMo) verbindet die Vorzüge hochchromhaltiger Werkstoffe, nämlich hervorragende Korrosionsbeständigkeit in oxidierenden Medien, mit einem Molybdängehalt von mehr als 6%. Zugleich liegt der Werkstoff im Nickelgehalt vergleichsweise niedrig. Damit konnte unter Einsatz von nur verhältnismäßig wenig teuren Legierungselementen ein hochkorrosionsbeständiger Werkstoff geschaffen werden.Der neue Werkstoff zeigt in wäßrigen neutralen und sauren Medien eine hervorragende Beständigkeit gegenüber Loch- und Spaltkorrosion. Er ist hier sowohl den bekannten 6% Mo-Stählen wie z.B. 1.4529 als auch höherlegierten Nickel-Basiswerkstoffen wie 2.4619 (alloy G-3) deutlich überlegen und deshalb für Anwendungsgebiete wie Rauchgas-Entschwefelung, Aufkonzentrierung von Dünsäure, Pulp & Paper, Phosphorsäure, Monochloressigsäure und heißes Meerwasser ein erfolgversprechender Werkstoff der Zukunft. Der neue Werkstoff ist gut schweißbar.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 451-456 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 457-457 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 458-458 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. R196 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 481-482 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Discussion contribution to the paper on “Stress corrosion cracking of austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steels at ambient temperature”
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 40 (1989), S. 488-494 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of close to practice thermal loads on the properties of thermal barrier layers of ZrO2 partially stabilized with Y2 O3The use of plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings offers the possibility to protect thermally stressed components in engines against overstressing. A suitable material for that is Y2O3-partially stabilized zirconium oxide. Considering the high temperatures as they occur in use the thermal barrier coatings were examined for their resistance concerning phase composition, porosity, hardness and structure. It turned out that changes in structure lead to a considerable increase of porosity and thus to a decline of hardness. Concerning the phase composition there was only a slight change after heat treatment in favour of monoclinic and cubic modification.
    Notes: Durch den Einsatz plasmagespritzter Wärmedämmschichten besteht die Möglichkeit, thermisch hochbeanspruchte Komponenten im Triebwerk vor Überlastung zu schützen. Als keramischer Werkstoff eignet sich besonders Y2O3-teilstabilisiertes Zirkoniumoxid. Im Hinblick auf die hohen Einsatztemperaturen wurden die Wärmedämmschichten bei Temperaturen bis 1500 °C auf ihre Beständigkeit bezüglich Phasenzusammensetzung, Porosität, Härte und Gefügestruktur untersucht. Es konnte aufgezeigt werden, daß Gefügeveränderungen zu einer starken Erhöhung der Porosität und damit zu einem Härteabfall führen. Bei der Phasenzusammensetzung ergab sich nach der Wärmebehandlung nur eine geringfügige Veränderung zugunsten der monoklinen und kubischen Modifikation.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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