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  • 1980-1984  (15,116)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (15,115)
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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 315-318 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 102
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 103
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R125 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 104
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R128 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 105
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 319-319 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 106
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 107
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R130 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 108
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R136 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 109
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R143 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 110
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R144 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 111
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R145 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 112
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 113
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R146 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 114
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 366-370 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of the salt content on the corrosion of iron and low-alloy steel in aerated solutionsThe influence of borate and carbonate on the corrosion of iron and steel was investigated in aerated, neutral electrolytes. Both salts were inhibiting the corrosion. But only borate in higher concentrations was able to prevent the corrosion by chloride. The convection of the electrolyte was of only small influence.
    Notes: Es wurde der Einfluß von Borat und Carbonat auf die Korrosion von Eisen und niedriglegiertem Stahl in belüfteten, neutralen Lösungen untersucht. Für beide Salze wurde eine inhibierende Wirkung beobachtet. Allerdings war nur Borat in höherer Dosierung in der Lage, die Korrosion durch Chlorid wirksam zu inhibieren. Von nur geringem Einfluß war die Konvektion des Elektrolyten.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 115
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 361-366 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Identifizierung der auf Kupfer in schwefelhaltigen Medien entstehenden KorrosionsprodukteDie auf Kupfer in mit Spuren von Schwefeldioxid und/oder Schwefelwasserstoff verunreinigter Luft entstandenen Anlaufschichten wurden mit coulometrischen Methoden nachgewiesen und mit einer cemischen Methode identifiziert. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse entstehen je nach dem einwirkenden aggressiven Gas bzw. Gasgemisch Sulfate, Sulfide, Oxide oder Gemische von Oxiden und Sulfiden. Sowohl in Schwefelwasserstoff als auch in dessen Gemischen mit Schwefeldioxid treten die gleichen Produkte in den Anlaufschichten auf, und für die Bildung von Cu(I) sulfidschichten gilt (im Rahmen der benutzten Versuchsdauer) in beiden Medien das gleiche lineare Zeitgesetz.
    Notes: Tarnishing layers grown on copper exposed to air contaminated by traces of sulfur dioxide and/or hydrogen sulfide were detected by a coulometric and characterized by a chemical method. Depending on the nature of the corrosive gas, or on the use of a gas mixture, it was found that sulfate, sulfide, oxides or a mixed oxide-sulfide compound could be formed in these conditions. The same tarnishing products were found, either in hydrogen sulfide or in a sulfur dioxide + hydrogen sulfide mixture, and the same linear growth law of the copper (I) sulfide was also found, within the limits of the duration of the corrosion test, in the two gaseous environments.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 116
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 377-379 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 117
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 380-384 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 118
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 371-376 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Simulation of atmospheric corrosion by thin films of electrolyteA method for investigation on atmospherical corrosion with the aid of thin electrolyte films is described, the special feature of this being the exact adjustability of the corrosion determining parameters.The investigations on the influence of pollutants showed that small additions of sodium chloride and sulphur dioxide into the water film cause two different types of corrosion of electrolytic copper: uniform growth of layer thickness and/or lateral surface growth of the corrosion products.In the initial phase the uniform growth of layer thickness on electrolytic copper depends on t2 (t = time), later on proportional on t.The investigation of the corrosion in dependence on the thickness of electrolyte film showed new results regarding the transition of the bulk-electrolytical to thin film electrolyte corrosion (atmospheric corrosion). At electrolytic copper transition from uniform growth of layer thickness to lateral surface growth comes off, when reaching a film thickness of approx. 100 μm. The electrolyte was distilled water with an addition of 0,01%SO2. The corrosion intensity of grey cast iron GG 25 under a film of pure water passes through a wide maximum of film thickness between 300 and 20 μm, with a weakly marked minimum on 100 μm, the corrosion intensity is decreasing at thinner films.It is herewith demonstrated that also under conditions excluding largely the convective oxygen transfer other corrosion types and -intensities show up when the films are only thin enough.The comparison of the effect of two vapour inhibitors, having been dissolved directly in the electrolyte films (dicyclohexyl-ammoniumnitrite and one usual in the trade of unknown composition) in different concentrations showed on grey cast iron GG 25 the superiority of the latter one.
    Notes: Es wird ein Verfahren zur Untersuchung atmosphärischer Korrosion mit Hilfe dünner Filme wäßriger Elektrolytlösungen beschrieben, das sich durch genaue Einstellbarkeit der Korrosionsbelastung auszeichnet. Zusätze von Natriumchlorid oder Schwefeldioxid zum Wasser dieser dünnen Filme können bei verschiedenen Metallen oder Legierungen zwei Korrosionserscheinungen verursachen: die zur Metalloberfläche orthogonale Schichtdickenzunahme gleichmäßig über die gesamte Oberfläche und/oder die punktförmig beginnende Flächenausdehnung der Kerrosionsprodukte parallel zur Metalloberfläche.Die Schichtdicke der Korrosionsprodukte auf Elektrolytkupfer wächst in der Initialphase proportional mit t2, danach proportional mit t.Die Untersuchung der Korrosion in Abhängigkeit von der Elektrolytfilmdicke brachte neue Erkenntnisse über die Verschiedenartigkeit der Korrosionserscheinungen in ausgedehnten Elektrolytlösungen und bei sehr dünnen Filmen derselben Lösung (Grenzfall der atmosphärischen Korrosion). Z. B. beim Elektrolytkupfer tritt bei einer Elektrolytlösungsfilmdicke von etwa 100 μm cin Übergang von der kontinuierliehen Schichtdickenzunahme zur lateralen gleichförmigen Flächenausdehnung auf; als Elektrolytlösung wurde destilliertes Wasser mit 0,01% SO2-Zusatz verwendet. Die Korrosionsintensität von Grauguß GG 25 durchläuft bei Elektrolytfilmen aus bidestilliertem Wasser ein breites Maximum bei Filmdicken zwischen 300 und 20 μm mit einem schwach ausgeprägten Minimum bei 100 μm; bei noch dünneren Wasserfilmen nimmt sie stark ab.Diese Versuchsergebnisse zeigen, daß auch bei der hier vorliegenden weitgehenden Ausschaltung des konvektiven Sauerstofftransports verschiedene Korrosionserscheinungen und -intensitäten auftreten, wenn die Elektrolytfilme nur hinreichend dünn sind.Der Vergleich der Wirkung zweier in verschiedenen Konzentrationen im dünnen Elektrolytlösungsfilm gelösten Dampfphaseninhibitoren (DICHAN = Dicyclohexylammoniumnitrit und eines handelsüblichen unbekannter Zusammensetzung), die in der Versandverpackungstechnologie eingesetzt werden, zeigte die Überlegenheit des letzteren für Grauguß GG 25.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 119
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 384-384 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 120
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 384-384 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 121
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R173 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 122
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 123
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R181 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 124
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R195 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 125
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R179 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 126
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R201 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 127
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R202 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 128
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R203 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 129
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R203 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 130
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 131
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 407-408 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 132
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 385-394 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Formation of alumina layers on iron-base alloysThe formation of Al2O3-layers has been studied for ferritic alloys Fe-6 Al-M and austenitic alloys Fe-27 Ni-4 Al-M where M - Ti, Zr, V, Nb, W, B, Si… (concentrations in wt%). One or more alloying elements M had been added and in some cases carbon. The oxidation was performed at 1000 °C in H2O-H2 mixtures at PO2 = 10-19 bar. After ½ h oxidation the oxide layers were investigated by X-ray structures analysis, scanning electron microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The alloy Fe-6 Al and most doped alloys form badly adherent layers, however, on alloys with additions of 0.1 to 1% Ti, Zr, V or Y the oxide layers are fine-grained and well-adherent. The Ti-doped ferritic alloys showed very protective layers, which is caused by the formation of a Ti(C, O)-layer beneath the α-Al2O3. The presence of the oxicarbide induces nucleation and improves the adherence of α-Al2O3, according to epitaxial relations between ferrite and oxicarbide and between oxicarbide and alumina. The favourable influence of Ti and Zr on the Al2O3 formation is also effective on the austenitic alloys.
    Notes: Die Bildung von Al2O3-Deckschichten wurde für ferritische Fe-6 AI-M- und austenitische Fe-27 Ni-4 Al-M-Legierungen untersucht, M = Ti, Zr, V, Nb, W, B, Si u. a. (Konzentrationen in Masse%). Die Legierungen enthielten eines oder mehrere der Legierungselemente M und in einigen Fällen Kohienstoff. Die Oxydation wurde bei 1000 °C in H2O-H2 Gemischen mit pO2 = 10-19 bar durchgeführt. Nach ½ h Oxydation wurden die Oxidschichten durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse, Rasterelektronenmikroskopie und Auger-Elektronen-Spektroskopie (AES) charakterisiert. Die Legierung Fe-6 Al und die meisten hiervon abgeleiteten Legierungen bilden schlecht haftende Oxidschichten, auf Legierungen mit 0,1 bis 1% Ti, Zr, V oder Y dagegen sind die Oxidschichten feinkörnig und haften sehr gut. Die Ti-dotierten Legierungen zeigten sehr gute Deckschichtbildung, bedingt durch eine Ti(C, O)-Schicht unterhalb des α-Al2O3. Die Gegenwart des Oxicarbids verursacht häufige Keimbildung und verbessert die Haftung des α-Al2O3 aufgrund epitaktischer Beziehungen zwischen Ferrit und Oxicarbid sowie Oxicarbid und Aluminiumoxid. Der günstige Einfluß der Legierungselemente Ti und Zr auf die Bildung von Al2O3-Schichten tritt auch bei den austenitischen Legierungen auf.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 133
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 394-400 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation of damage to organic materials in chemical apparatus engineeringThere are many different possible causes for the failure of structural elements made of organic materials or of organic linings and coatings under such load conditions as those found in chemical plant. Despite the general suitability of the engineering plastics used, design and manufacturing defects are often the cause of premature failure. Installation faults are also found on occasion.Other sources of damage include the chemical and physical effects of media on organic materials. These are due in part to the unsuitability of the material used, the effect of corrosive components in the media involved often being either not recognized or underestimated; on the other hand, the damage may also be caused by inherent stresses in the structural elements in conjunction with the physical or chemical effects of the media, resulting in stress cracking or stress corrosion cracking.Damage cases of this type are described on the basis of numerous examples, the causes ascertained through intensive investigation of the damage and suitable remedies described.
    Notes: Das Versagen von Bauteilen aus organischen Werkstoffen bzw. von organischen Auskleidungen und Beschichtungen unter Belastungsbedingungen, wie sie beim Einsatz in Chemieanlagen auftreten, kann sehr verschiedene Ursachen haben. Häufig sind trotz der generellen Eignung der verwendeten Chemiewerkstoffe konstruktive und fertigungstechnische Mängel für einen vorzeitigen Ausfall verantwortlich. Auch Montagefehler treten gelegentlich auf.Weiterhin sind Schäden durch die chemische und physikalische Einwirkung von Medien auf organische Werkstoffe zu verzeichnen. Diese entstehen teilweise infolge mangelnder Eignung des ausgewählten Werkstoffes, wobei der Einfluß aggressiver Bestandteile der einwirkenden Lösung oft nicht erkannt oder auch unterschätzt wurde, zum anderen sind sie auch auf das Zusammenspiel von Eigenspannungen in den Bauteilen mit physikalischer oder chemischer Einwirkung von Beschickungsmedien zurückzuführen, wobei die Entstehung von Spannungsrissen bzw. Spannungskorrosionsrissen die Ursache darstellt.An einer größeren Zahl von Beispielen werden Schadensfälle der genannten Art besprochen, die durch intensive Schadensuntersuchungen ermittelte Ursachen herausstellt und geeignete Abhilfemaßnahmen aufzeigt.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
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  • 134
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 401-406 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Hydrolysis of o-dichlorobenzene-water-mixtures In neutral to acid conditions and its importance when selecting materials of constructionWater-saturated o-dichlorobenzene and o-dichlorobenzene-watermixtures were investigated for hydrolysis under neutral and acid conditions and the exclusion of light. Some measurements were also taken in presence of iron oxides and also metallic iron.Chloride ion generation grows with increasing temperatures and - at 175 °C - also with time. The greatest chloride ion generation was observed when water saturated o-dichlorobenzene reacted in the presence of iron oxides.In the presence of sulfuric acid the maximum chloride ion generation was detected at 175 °C and a sulfuric acid concentration of 3 · 10-3 mol/l.The hydrolysis products were monochlorobenzene and o-chlorophenol.The chloride ion generation from o-dichlorobenzene in neutral and slightly acid media is important when selecting materials of construction for chemical equipment.
    Notes: Die Hydrolyse von wassergesättigtem o-Dichlorbenzol und von o-Dichlorbenzol-Wasser-Gemischen wurde unter Lichtausschluß im neutralen und im sauren Bereich untersucht. Die Messungen wurden teils in Gegenwart von Rost bzw. metallischem Eisen durchgeführt.Die Chlorid-Abspaltung steigt mit zunehmender Temperatur und - bei 175 °C - auch mit zunehmender Beanspruchungsdauer an. Die höchste Chlorid-Abspaltung wurde bei wassergesättigtem o-Dichlorbenzol in Gegenwart von Rost gefunden.In Anwesenheit von Schwefelsäure tritt bei 175 °C ein Maximum der Chlorid-Abspaltung bei einer Schwefelsäure-Konzentration von 3 · 10-3 mol/l auf.Als Hydrolyseprodukte waren lediglich Monochlorbenzol und o-Chlorphenol nachweisbar.Die Chlorid-Abspaltung aus o-Dichlorbenzol im neutralen und schwach sauren Bereich ist bei der werkstofflichen Auslegung entsprechender Bauteile zu beachten.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 408-412 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 412-433 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Additional Material: 33 Ill.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 433-434 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 434-434 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 434-434 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 435-435 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 436-436 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R205 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R212 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R209 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R218 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R223 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R224 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R226 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R227 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984) 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Die Zerstörung der Passivschicht und die Lochkorrosion: Theoretische Vorstellungen und wesentliche experimentelle BefundeDiese Übersicht stellt die verschiedenen Ansichten zum Abbau der Passivschicht und der Lochkorrosion zusammen. Auf der Grundlage experimenteller Ergebnisse werden die hauptsächlichen möglichen Mechanismen kritisch diskutiert. Durch die Unterscheidung in drei aufeinander folgende Stadien des Lochwachstums wird versucht, die zum Teil gegensätzlichen Vorstellungen auf die wesentlichen Punkte zu reduzieren, um zumindest Mißverständnisse in der Literatur der vergangenen Jahre zu vermeiden. Da die meisten Systeme sehr komplex und in verschiedener Hinsicht recht verschieden sind, ist nicht nur ein Mechanismus in allen Fällen wirksam. Allerdings wird die Lochkorrosion der meisten passiven Metalle wahrscheinlich durch einige wenige grundlegende Prozesse kontrolliert.
    Notes: This review summarizes the different ideas to breakdown of passivity and localized corrosion. On the basis of experimental results a critical discussion of the main mechanisms is presented. The subdivision into different stages of growth of corrosion pits tries to reduce the controversial opinions and to avoid misunderstandings in the literature of the past. As the various systems are complex and in several aspects quite different not only one unique mechanism will be effective for all cases. However, there are some few basic processes which control localized corrosion of most passive metals.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 461-482 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 22 Ill.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 449-454 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation of Inhibitors Regarding Weight Loss Corrosion and Hydrogen Absorption in AcidsIt is theoretically shown that a relationship between inhibition of weight loss and hydrogen induced corrosion cannot be generally expected. Ten commercial inhibitors for pickling and sour gas service have been investigated. A correlation between the two kinds of corrosion mentioned above does not exist. In all cases the inhibitors were found to decrease the hydrogen absorption rate. This effect depends on the medium without any correlation. From these results one cannot compare inhibition of weight loss corrosion with that of hydrogen absorption. Furthermore, an inhibition of hydrogen-induced corrosion phenomena (HIC, HSCC) can only be evaluated by permeation measurements under service conditions.
    Notes: Theoretische Überlegungen zeigen, daß Inhibitoren der Säurekorrosion nicht zwangsweise auch die H-Absorption vermindern müssen. Eine experimentelle Überprüfung der Wirkung von 10 handelsüblichen Stoffen, die für die Inhibition von Säuren und Sauergas Anwendung finden, ergab keine Korrelation zwischen der Hemmwirkung für Säurekorrosion und der für H-Absorption. Alle Stoffe vermindern deutlich die H-Absorption. Diese Wirkung war aber in den verschiedenen Medien unterschiedlich und ohne jede Korrelation. Somit kann aus der Hemmwirkung der Säurekorrosion nicht auch auf eine Inhibition der H-ind. Korrosion geschlossen werden. Zur Beurteilung der letzten kommen nur Permeationsversuche unter betriebsnahen Bedingungen und Medien infrage.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 482-487 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 455-460 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Materials technology and quality assurance at lignite gasificationTwo fluidized-bed gasification processes for lignite have been developed, -the High-Temperature-Winkler process for the production of synthesis gas and the Hydrogasification process for the production of Synthetic natural gas (SNG). Both processes call for high standards in design and materials for pressure vessels, valves, fittings, tubing and for the high temperature components. Though there was a careful planning, a conservative design, the use of high quality alloys and a quality assurance comparable to the chemical industry, materials and components failure occured. The failure analysis showed that failure can be avoided mainly by modifications of the design, the operational conditions and the alloy selection. Based on operational experiences the materials selection will be optimized and the costs of the plant be decreased.It is assumed that commercial scale gasification plants for lignite can be constructed and operated safely on the promises of a careful materials design and quality assurance.
    Notes: Zur Vergasung von Braunkohle werden zwei Wirbelbett-Vergasungsverfahren entwickelt, das Hochtemperatur-Winkler-Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Synthesegas und die Hydrierende Vergasung zur Erzeugung von künstlichem Erdgas. Beide Verfahren stellen erhebliche konstruktive und werkstofftechnische Anforderungen an Rohrleitungen, Armaturen, Druckbehälter und an die Hochtemperaturkomponenten. Trotz sorgfältiger Planung, konservativer Auslegung, Verwendung hochwertiger Legierungen und einer dem Chemieanlagenbau vergleichbaren Qualitätssicherung traten Werkstoff- und Komponentenschäden auf. Es wurde über Schadensanalysen berichtet, die bei Planung und Bau von Vergasungsanlagen zu berücksichtigen sind. Diese Schäden lassen sich in der Regel durch Änderungen in der Konstruktion, in den verfahrenstechnischen Bedingungen und schließlich in der Werkstoffauswahl beheben. Erst ein längerer Anlagenbetrieb wird es ermöglichen, die Werkstoffe an die tatsächlichen Betriebsbedingungen gezielt anzupassen, eine Überqualifizierung zu vermeiden und Anlagenkosten zu senken. Großtechnische Vergasungsanlagen für Braunkohle können nach dem heutigen Stand der Werkstofftechnik gebaut und unter Voraussetzung einer sorgfältigen Werkstoffplanung und Qualitätssicherung sicher betrieben werden.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R232 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R229 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R233 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R238 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R243 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984) 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 520-525 
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    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 489-500 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Cathodic corrosion protection and corrosion protection coatings in sea-waterIt is a common method to protect ship hulls and underwater constructions against corrosion by multi-layer organic coatings with additional cathodic protection (impressed current, sacrificial anodes).In practice, however, the organic coatings are susceptible to blistering under the conditions of cathodic protection, and as a consequence the effectivity of the passive corrosion protection becomes questionable.In a parameter study with chlorinated rubber an attempt was made at evaluating the influence of the formulation-pigments, extenders, plasticizers, solvents, pigment volume concentration, drying time, film thickness, shop-primer (with/without) - on the tendency to blistering.For the laboratory tests scheduled for up to 18 months' duration an automatic testing equipment was installed in which the coated panels-mild steel, 100 × 150 × 3 mm3-were held in areated synthetic sea water (according ASTM D 1141-75) with simultaneous cathodic protection potentials of UH = -850 and -950 mV.On the basis of the results of this study it is possible to formulate chlorinated rubber coatings resistant to blistering even at overprotection potentials down to UH = -950 mV.The results of this study, however, can not or only with much reservation be transferred to other vehicles such as epoxy, PUR and PVC-copolymers.Factors affecting blistering are discussed.
    Notes: Stand der Technik ist, Schiffe und Unterwasserbauten mit einer mehrschichtigen Korrosionsschutzbeschichtung aus organischen Beschichtungsstoffen zu versehen und mit kathodischem Korrosionsschutz (galvanische Anoden, Fremdstrom) auszurüsten. In der Praxis hat sich gezeigt, daß die Korrosionsschutzbeschichtungen unter den Bedingungen des kathodischen Korrosionsschutzes zu Blasenbildung neigen und damit die Maßnahmen des passiven Korrosionsschutzes in Frage stellen können.In einer Parameterstudie mit dem Bindemittel Chlorkautschuk wurde geklärt, welchen Einfluß die Rezeptur (Formulierung)-Pigmente, Füllstoffe, Weichmacher, Lösungsmittel, Pigmentvolumenkonzentration, Trocknungszeit, Schichtdicke, mit/ohne Fertigungsbeschichtung-auf die Blasenbildung hat.Für die Laborversuche mit Prüfzeiten bis zu 18 Monaten wurde eine automatisch arbeitende Prüfeinrichtung geschaffen, in welcher die beschichteten Probeplatten-unlegierter Stahl, 100 × 150 × 3 mm3-in belüftetem künstlichem Meerwasser nach ASTM D 1141-75 unter den Bedingungen des kathodischen Schutzes bei Schutzpotentialen von UH = -850 und -950 mV geprüft wurden.Bei Anwendung der Ergebnisse der Parameterstudie lassen sich mit dem Bindemittel Chlorkautschuk Beschichtungsaufbauten formulieren, die selbst bei einem kathodischen Überschutz von bis zu UH = - 950 mV keine Blasen bekommen.Die Ergebnisse lassen sich auf andere Bindemittel-Epoxid, PUR and PVC-Mischpolymerisat-nicht oder nut eingeschränkt übertragen.Faktoren, die zur Blasenbildung führen, werden diskutiert.
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  • 170
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 512-519 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Korrosion und Schichtbildung bei passivem Kupfer in alkalischen LösungenKupfer bildet passivierende Schichten in alkalischen Lösungen. In Abhängigkeit vom Elektrodenpotential liegt eine Cu2O oder eine Cu2O/CuO, Cu(OH)2-Schicht vor. Die Struktur und Zusammensetzung der Schicht wurde mit verschiedenen Methoden untersucht wie Röntgenphotoelektronenspektroskopie (XPS), Ionenrückstreuung (ISS) und in situ photoakustischer Spektroskopie (PAS). Die Dicke und das Wachsen der Passivschicht wurde durch ihre elektrochemische Reduktion bestimmt, d. h. durch die Ladungen der potentiodynamischen Reduktionspeaks oder die Auswertung entsprechender Potentialstufen galvanostatischer Versuche. Die Ergebnisse stützen einen Hochfeldmechanismus für die Oxidbildung mit einem invers logarithmischen Zeitgesetz und einem linearen Anwachsen der Oxiddicke mit dem Elektrodenpotential. Die Kapazität der Cu2O-Schicht entspricht der Vorstellung eines dünnen halbleitenden Films. Untersuchungen mit einer rotierenden Pt-Ring-Cu-Scheiben-Elektrode mit gespaltenem Ring ermöglicht die Auftrennung der Gesamtstromdichte in einen Schichtbildungs- und Korrosionsteil. Die Ausbeute für die Korrosion ist sehr klein für den ersten Moment der Schichtbildung und steigt in wenigen Minuten auf ν ≈ 90%. Im Potentialbereich der Cu2O-Bildung wird nur ν ≈ 50% erreicht.
    Notes: Copper forms passivating layers in alkaline solutions. Depending on the electrode potential a Cu2O or a Cu2O/CuO, Cu(OH)2 layer is present. The structure and composition of the film has been examined by different methods like X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Ion Scattering Spectroscopy (ISS) and in situ Photoacoustic Spectroscopy (PAS). The thickness and growth of the passive layer has been determined by its electrochemical reduction i. e. the charges of potentiodynamic reduction peaks or the evaluation of the corresponding galvanostatic steps. The results support a high field mechanism for the oxide formation with an inverse logarithmic rate law and a linear increase of the oxide thickness with the electrode potential. The capacity of a Cu2O-layer refers to the characteristics of a thin semiconducting film. Studies with a rotating Pt split ring Cu disc electrode permit the subdivision of the current density into a part of layer formation and corrosion. The efficiency for the corrosion part is very small during the beginning of oxide formation and achieves ν = 90% after some few minutes. In the potential range of Cu2O formation only ν = 50% is achieved.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 171
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 501-511 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations into the active/passive transition of 304 stainless steel in organic media containing water and hydrogen chloride Part 3. Results of the impedance measurements and passivation model of an alloySteady state polarization curves and electrode impedances were measured during the active/passive transition of type 304 stainless steel in dearated ethanolic solution containing hydrogen chloride and different amounts of water. The passivation potential and the critical current density for passivation strongly depend on the water content of the solution.The impedance measurements in the active/passive transition show the same sequence of diagrams independent of the water content of the solution. They indicate the onset of passivation before the maximum current density and show two time constants related to two different passivating species on the alloy surface.The experimental results were interpreted on the basis of a reaction model with parallel dissolution and passivation mechanism of the iron and the chromium compound of the alloy. The resulting total surface composition (related to the steady-state polarization curves) can be described with a reaction model of iron-the alloy behaviour is that of pure metal. The fundamental passivation reaction is described as a potential dependent equilibrium between adsorbed Me(II)- and passivating Me(III)-hydroxide, water molecules being directly involved in the formation of this primary passivating film. In the case of stainless steel this primary passivating film mainly consists of chromium (III) adsorbates.Finally, a general model for the passivation is proposed: The passivation of a pure metal or of an alloy can be understood as the coupling of the stepwise deprotonation of the water molecules at the interface metal/solution and the formation of a high cation charge density in this adsorbed hydroxide/oxide film to build up the passive layer. The effect of water content, pH, adding of passivating species to the solution or the alloying with chromium on the passivation potential and the critical current density thus can be explained.
    Notes: Die Auflösung und Passivierung von nichtrostendem Chromnickelstahl X 5 CrNi 18/9 in salzsauren Ethanol/Wasser Gemischen wurde mit stationären Stromdichte/Potentialkurven und Impedanzmessungen untersucht. Die Passivierung ist erst oberhalb eines kritischen Wassergehalts möglich, das Passivierungspotential und die kritische Stromdichte hängen stark vom Wassergehalt der Lösung ab.Die Impedanzmessungen im aktiv/passiv Übergang zeigen unabhängig vom Wassergehalt der Lösung stets dieselbe Abfolge der Diagramme. Weiter kann festgestellt werden, daß die Passivierung lange vor dem Stromdichtemaximum einsetzt und im Fall der Legierung durch zwei verschiedene passivierende Adsorbate bewirkt wird.Die experimentellen Resultate wurden auf der Basis eines Reaktionsmodells interpretiert, in dem der Auflösungs- und Passivierungsmechanismus der Eisen- und der Chromkomponente parallel auf der Legierungsoberfläche ablaufen. Die daraus resultierende integrale Oberflächenzusammensetzung (erfaßbar mit den stationären Stromdichte/Potentialkurven) Iäßt sich mit einem Reaktionsmodell von Eisen beschreiben-die Legierung verhält sich wie ein neues, reines Metall. Die zum primären Passivfilm führende Reaktion Iäßt sich als potentialabhängiges Gleichgewicht zwischen adsorbierten Me(II)- und passivierenden Me(III)-Hydroxiden beschreiben, wobei die Wassermoleküle an der Bildung des primären Passivfilms direkt beteiligt sind. Im Fall von Chromnickelstahl besteht der primäre Passivfilm hauptsächlich aus Cr(III)-Adsorbaten.Zum Schluß wird ein allgemeines Passivierungsmodell vorgeschlagen: Die Passivierung eines Metalls oder einer Legierung läßt sich als Kopplung der stufenweisen Deprotonierung adsorbierter Wassermoleküle mit der Bildung einer hohen Kationen-Ladungsdichte in diesem adsorbierten Hydroxid/Oxid-Film verstehen. Der Einfluß des Wassergehalts, des pH-Werts, von Passivatoren oder des Legierens mit Chrom auf das Passivierungspotential und die kritische Stromdichte kann mit dem Modell erklärt werden.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 525-536 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R245 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R249 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R266 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R253 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R274 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R273 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R274 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R275 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R276 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 183
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Beständigkeit der hoch in Chrom und Molybdän legierten nichtrostenden austenitischen Stähle gegenüber Lochfraß-, Spalt- und SpannungsrißkorrosionEs werden neuere Ergebnisse über die Beständigkeit der weiterentwickelten hochlegierten CrNiMo-Stähle gegenüber Lokalkorrosion in stark chloridhaltigen wäßrigen Medien vorgelegt. Es wurden die Lochfraßpotentiale in künstlichem Meerwasser sowie die kritischen Lochfraß- und Spaltkorrosionstemperaturen in der aggressiven 10% FeCl3-Lösung ermittelt. Spannungsriß-Korrosionsprüfungen mittels auftropfender NaCl-Lösung auf den erhitzten Werkstoff (Drop Evaporation Test) zeigen, daß sehr hoch in Chrom, Molybdän und Nickel legierte nichtrostende Stähle hohe Standzeiten aufweisen, die mit solchen Nickellegierungen vergleichbar sind, die sich in der Praxis als beständig gegenüber Spannungsrißkorrosion erwiesen haben. Der nichtrostende Stahl mit 20 Cr 25 Ni 6 Mo (1.4529) zeigt die beste Beständigkeit gegenüber allen Lokalkorrosionsarten.
    Notes: This paper presents new data on the resistance of recently developed high-alloy stainless steels to localised corrosion in chloride solutions. Pitting potential was determined in artificial sea water, and critical pitting temperature CPT in very aggressive FeCl3 solution. Critical crevice corrosion temperature CCT was tested in the same FeCl3 solution. Stress corrosion measurements, made in a more familiar NaCl solution by the drop evaporation method, demonstrate that alloy stainless steels with high chromium and molybdenum have very long failure times, comparable with those of nickel alloys found to be SCC-resistant under practical conditions. Stainless steels of 20 Cr 25 Ni 6 Mo type showed the best resistance to localised corrosion.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 565-583 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
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  • 185
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 543-555 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: High temperature corrosion of covers for batch annealingCovers made of austenitic FeNiCr-steels are used for annealing of cold rolled steel coils in inert atmospheres at about 700°C. Thick corrosion layers of oxides, carbides, coke and Fe-Ni are formed at the inside walls, the formation occurs upon changing gas compositions and temperatures, by local reduction of the oxide layer, internal carbide formation, external coke deposition and repeated oxidation, similar as in “metal dusting”.The corrosion phenomenon was simulated with the steel 1.4828 and with Ce- and Nb-doped steels upon cycling the temperature between room temperature und 800°C and changing the N2-H2-CH4-H2O atmosphere from oxidizing to reducing and carburizing compositions. Furthermore experiments were performed under compressive stress and at elevated temperature up to 950°C. Strong corrosive attack occurred on the surface with the oxide layer which stems from the hot rolling of the material, much less attack after surface finishing by grinding, polishing, machining or sand blasting. The following technological measures are favorable for avoiding the high temperature corrosion of the covers: (1)Surface finishing of the inner walls before use.(2)Sufficiently high H2O-content of the atmosphere.(3)Alloying addition of Ce to the material.(4)Avoidance of too high temperatures .
    Notes: Hauben aus austenitischem FeNiCr-Stahl werden zur Glühung von kaltgewalzten Stahlbunden unter Schutzgas bei Temperaturen um 700°C benutzt. Durch Angriff von Wasserdampf und Kohlenwasserstoffen (aus gecrackten Walzemulsionsrückständen) bilden sich im Innern der Schutzhauben dicke Zunderschichten aus Oxiden, Carbiden, Ruß und Fe-Ni. Die Bildung erfolgt bei wechselnder Gaszusammensetzung und Temperatur durch örtliche Reduktion der Oxidschicht des Stahls, innere Carbidbildung und äußere Rußabscheidung, dazu erneuter Oxidation, ähnlich wie beim „metal dusting“.Das Korrosionsphänomen konnte mit dem Stahl 1.4828 sowie mit Ce- oder Nb-dotierten Stählen bei Temperaturwechseln zwischen Raumtemperatur und 800°C sowie Wechseln zwischen oxydierenden und reduzierenden, aufkohlenden N2-H2-CH4-H2O-Atmosphären simuliert werden. Weiterhin wurden Versuche durchgeführt, bei denen Druck auf die Probe ausgeübt wurde und Versuche bei erhöhten Temperaturen bis 950°C. Starker Korrosionsangriff erfolgte an Probenoberflächen mit der Walzhaut des für die Glühhauben verwandten Warmbands, sehr geringer Angriff nach Oberflächenbearbeitung durch Schleifen, Drehen, Polieren oder Sandstrahlen. Folgende Maßnahmen sind vorteilhaft zur Vermeidung der Hochtemperaturkorrosion von Schutzgasglühhauben: (1)Oberflächenbearbeitung der Innenwandungen vor Inbetriebnahme(2)Betrieb mit stets hinreichend hohem H2O-Gehalt der Atmosphäre(3)Legierungszusatz von Ce zum Werkstoff der Glühhauben(4)Vermeidung überhöhter Temperaturen.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 556-565 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion reactions between elemental sulphur and plain carbon steel in aqueous mediaPlain carbon steels are rather severely attacked by elemental sulphur at room temperature in the presence of aqueous media. The corrosion occurs preferentially at the places where the two solid substances iron and sulphur are in contact with each other and results in shallow pit formation. At the same time the pH is also decreased slightly and small amounts of H2S and sulphate ions are formed. Neutral salts stimulate the corrosion process whereas phosphates inhibit it and the alkaline media such as Na2CO3 and ethylamine with pH 〉 12 prevent it completely. The latter can be made use of for corrosion protection. At high salt concentrations (c 〉 1 mol/l) the corrosion rate, however, decreases with increasing salt concentration. The corrosion rate may increase with increasing flow velocity of the medium, but the corrosion takes place uniformly.The results of electrochemical investigations show that the reduction of sulphur occurs at the corrosion product FeS and is the rate controlling step. No sulphur reduction is observed on platinum electrodes when no FeS is present. It is assumed that the starting reaction to initiate corrosion in the system Fe/S/H2O is a slight disproportionation of S to H2SO4 resulting in the formation of FeS.
    Notes: Unlegierter Stahl wird durch elementaren Schwefel in Gegenwart wäßriger Medien bei Raumtemperatur verhältnismäßig stark angegriffen. Die Korrosion erfolgt bevorzugt an den Berührungsstellen der Feststoffe Fe und S unter Muldenbildung. Gleichzeitig erfolgen eine geringe pH-Absenkung sowie eine geringfügige Bildung von H2S und Sulfat-Ionen. Der Vorgang wird durch Neutralsalze sehr stark stimuliert, durch Phosphate inhibiert und durch alkalische Medien, wie z. B. Na2CO3 und Ethylamin mit pH 〉 12, völlig unterbunden. Dies kann zum Korrosionsschutz genutzt werden. Mit zunehmender Salzkonzentration (c 〉 1 mol/l) nehmen die Abtragungsraten wieder ab. Durch zunehmende Strömungsgeschwindigkeit können die Abtragungsraten zunehmen, wobei aber nur gleichförmiger Flächenangriff auftritt.Elektrochemische Untersuchungen zeigen, daß die Reduktion des Schwefels am Korrosionsprodukt FeS stattfindet und für die Korrosion geschwindigkeitsbestimmend ist. An Pt-Kathoden wird bei Abwesenheit von FeS keine Schwefelreduktion beobachtet. Als Startreaktion für die Korrosion im System Fe/S/H2O wird eine geringe Disproportionierung des S zu H2SO4 angenommen, wobei FeS entsteht.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 584-584 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 585-586 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 587-587 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 588-588 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 588-588 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R277 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R280 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R281 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R288 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R293 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 199
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R293 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 200
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. R293 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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