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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 474-474 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 102
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1653-1663 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The concept of fictitious external loading being in exact equilibrium with the internal stresses in a structure is introduced. It is employed in conjunction with the principle of virtual work in an effort to examine certain details of the finite element displacement method in an alternative way.
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  • 103
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1643-1651 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Several examples are presented to illustrate how standard finite differnce schemes for the wave eqation (e.g. Lax-Wendroff, Leafrog, etc.) can be developed from finite element analysis. The development of the diffrence schemes from the element schemes is made possible by using Galerkin's method on both the spacial and temporal dimensions.
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  • 104
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1679-1692 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Transform methods for the interpolation of regularly spaced data are described, based on fast evaluation using discrete Fourier transforms. For periodic data adequately sampled, the fast Fourier transform (FFT) is used directly. With undersampled or aperiodic data, a Chebyshev interpolating polynomial is evaluated by means of the FFT to provide minimum deviation and distributed ripple. The merits of two kinds of Chebyshev series are compared. All the methods described produce an interpolation passing directly through the given values and are applied easily to the multi-dimensional case.
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  • 105
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 987-1000 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new numerical method of calculating unsteady-state heat conduction and thermal stresses by using improved coefficient matrix patterns on the nodal points of a structure is given. Good agreement is obtained between our results and the rigorous results, and this method seems to yield better accuracy than other well-known approximate methods for two-dimensional transient thermal stress problems.
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  • 106
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1073-1078 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A technique for smoothing the transition between structural components modelled with dissimilar finite element meshes is presented. The interface mismatch is assigned a potential of dislocation, which is minimized with respect to selected kinematic parametes of the mating surface. This leads to linear constraints between the caididate representations of the mating surface which essentially dictate a least-square error in dislocaiton. The constraints are enforced by the Lagrange multiplier or reduced stiffness technique. Numerical results indicate gradual transition in the predicted stresses neighbouring the interface. Existing computer codes which permit multipoint constraint specifications are readily available to implement the technique.
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  • 107
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1079-1084 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The decomposition of a block tridiagonal matrix into the product of block lowe and upper matrices is described. The cost of solving a block tridiagonal system of equations is given and compared to profile gaussian elimination. The desirability of a less expensive method is coupled to physical intuition about a common problem of solving a slowly varying sequence of such systems to motivate an iterative method based on residual correction. The method is described and convergence criteria are derived. An expression of the cost is developed and is shown to compare favourably with decomposition in many cases. Problems and advantages in computer implementation of the method are discussed and results of tests of a particular implementation on a well-known problem are given.
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  • 108
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1095-1099 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A mathematical description of the numerical approximation to incompressibility with nearly incompressible displacement finite elements is presented. By the way of functional analysis, it leads to a condition of convergence to the incompressible problem when v is increased up to 0.5, which can be identified with Fried's K1 criterion.
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  • 109
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1105-1105 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 110
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1107-1126 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper describes an optimization procedure for the minimum weight design of complex structures. The procedure is based on a new cubic extended interior penalty function (CEIPF) used with the sequence of unconstrained minimization technique (SUMT) and Newton's method. The Hessian matrix of the penalty function is approximated using only constraints and their derivatives. The CEIPF is designed to minimize the error in the approximation of the Hessian matrix, and as a result the number of structural analyses required is small and independent of the number of design variables. Three example problems are reported. The number of structural analyses is reduced by as much as 50 per cent below previously reported results.
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  • 111
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1257-1261 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents and results obtained from the stabilitystudies of plane Poiseuille flow and magnetohydrodynamic flow by the finite element method. Applying Galerkin's weighted residual method and introducing the interpolation function in the exponetial form with respect to time, the governing flow equations are reduced to an eigenvalue problem. This formulation is much simpler than that of the asymptotic expansion method. Solutions are obtained directly in terms of velocity and pressure. Results of the critical Reynolds number obtained by this method compare well with those of other methods for plane Poiseuille flow and magnetohydrodynamic flow.
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  • 112
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1272-1272 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 113
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. i 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 114
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. I 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 115
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 201-209 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Abel's integral equation is the governing equation for certain problems in physics and engineering, such as radiation from distributed sources. The finite element method for the soultion of this non-linear equation is presented for problems with cylindrical symmetry and the extension to more general integral equations is indicated. The technique was applied to an axisymmetric glow discharge problem and the results show excellent agreement with previously obtained solutions.
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  • 116
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 235-250 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: We use the mixed equilibrium finite element method of Hellan-Herrmann,1-5 for solving the problem of elasto-plastic bending and limit load for a thin plate.We give also some results for the elastic case, for which exact solutions are known.
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  • 117
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 292-295 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 118
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 313-313 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 119
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1359-1377 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: We introduce a finite element model for stress analysis of threaded connections. Instead of modelling individual threads, the thread zone is replaced by a layer of elements with orthotropic properties. The principal directions of orthotropy depend upon the thread geometry and upon the direction of load, which is not necessarily known a priori. Both conventional and tapered threads are considered. The latter problem is nonlinear, as the number of threads in contact is a function of the load. Numerical results for conventional and tapered threads agree well with theoretical and exeprimental results in the literature.
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  • 120
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1399-1412 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A combination of a two-dimensional finite element process and a Fourier series in the third dimension, well known in linear applications, is shown to be a possible and efficient way of analysing plastic and visco-plastic behaviour. The economy of the process as contrasted with full three-dimensional solutions is illustrated.
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  • 121
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1413-1420 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In the light of recent contributions by Batoz1 and Hibbitt,2 two aspects of finite element formulations for shell stability analysis are examined. The first is the consistency of the shell strain-displacement equations employed; the second is the proper representation of ‘follower forces’ - pressures that are always normal to the deforming surface. Numerical studies of an arch indicate that improper representation of either of these factors can have a significant effect on predicted buckling loads. Numerical studies of an arch indicate that improper representation of either of these factors can have a significant effect on predicted bukling loads.
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  • 122
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1430-1430 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 123
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1431-1448 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The higher order dynamic correction terms for the stiffness and inertia matrices associated with a triangular plane stress-strain finite dynamic element are developed in detail. Numerical results presented indicate that the adoption of these matrices along with a suitable quadratic matrix eigenproblem solver effects a significant economy in the free vibration solution of structures when compared with the analysis based on the usual finite element procedure.A FORTRAN IV computer program listing of the various relevant element matrices is also presented in the Appendix.
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  • 124
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1477-1497 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Some tools are presented that may be used when implementing an application oriented software system. FEMSYS, a system for calculations based on the finite element method, will serve as example. Features of a simple problem oriented language and its parsing are treated and also a generally applicable data structure for both internal and external data storage. It is indicated how a system can be implemented which is suited to the solution of both standard and non-standard problems.
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  • 125
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1511-1524 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Three weighted residual methods are used to analyse several linear and nonlinear model problems related to the stream function-vorticity formulation of the Navier-Stokes equations. These methods are then used to solve the driven cavity problem. The results obtained at Reynolds numbers of 100 and 400 compare very favourably with those obtained by finite difference and spline methods on meshes using at least four times as many mesh points.
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  • 126
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 507-513 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 127
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 545-565 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A finite element simulation of the equations of momentum and energy transport in fluids has been implemented with triangular elements. An attempt is made to single out the reasons for numerical instabilities reported by other investigators for convection-diffusion transport operations in fluid mechanics when the ratio of the convective to the diffusive terms, measured by the Reynolds and Peclét numbers, is of the order of a hundred. To this end, the equations are solved for several problems to permit a direct comparison with results of other formulations. It is shown that the appearance of instability can be delayed by a proper choice of boundary conditions, and its intensity can be reduced through the use of triangular finite elements. Results agree very well with theoretical solutions for particular test problems including flows with large convection effects, large dissipation effects and fluids with temperature dependent properties.
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  • 128
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 593-615 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: We present a new three-dimensional finite element, with the customary three displacement d.o.f. at each corner but no internal d.o.f. It passes the patch test and, for rectangular elemtents, exactly models pure bending. In numerical tests, the new element is found to be both accurate and efficient. It has the added advantage that its bending and twisting stiffnesses can be individually adjusted.
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  • 129
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1627-1641 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Two properties of hybrid element method for diffraction and radiation of water waves are examined. For long waves in shallow water the method is shown to give a unique solution for all frequencies. Thus, unlike several other known methods, there are no irregular frequencies for which the approximating matrix equation is singluar. For a sea of arbitrary depth, it is shown that all known global identities such as reciprocity and energy theorems are preserved by the discrete solution. Thus, satisfaction of these identities by the numerical solution is only a necessary but by no means sufficient condition for accuracy.
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  • 130
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 631-632 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 131
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 633-645 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper present an algorithm and its corresponding FORTRAN IV program which solves a system of simultaneous equations of the type generated in structural analysis. It is based on the Gauss elimination method, so it is a direct method. But it only needs to have in core as many equations as it can contain, with a minimum of two. The program offers the following advantages: (a) Takes into account zeros to avoid operations. (b) Considers very big numbers in the diagonal, corresponding to boundary conditions, to avoid operations. (c) It can handle several load cases either simultaneously or in groups, at choice.
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  • 132
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 681-701 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A potentially powerful numerical method for solving certain boundary value problems is developed. The method combines the simplicity of orthogonal collocation with the versatility of deformable finite elements. Bicubic Hermite elements with four degrees-of-freedom per node are used. A subparametric transformation permits the precise positioning of the collocation points for maximum accuracy as well as a unique representation of irregular boundaries. It is shown that by taking advantage of the boundary conditions, a minimum number of collocation points can be used.The method is particularly suitable for potential and mass transport problems where a C1 continuous solution is required. In contrast to the Galerkin approach, it does not require the evaluation of basis function products and numerical integration, also the coefficient matrix contains only about half as many non-zero terms as the corresponding Galerkin coefficient matrix. This results in approximately a 90 per cent reduction in formulation and a 50 per cent reduction in solution operation, as compared with the Galerkin finite element method, for this type of problem. Examples show that the accuracy of the collocation solution is as good as or better than that of the Galerkin solution.
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  • 133
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 741-755 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The finite element method is used for the computation of the variational modes of the system composed of an elastic tank partially filled with a compressible liquied. We propose, on the one hand, a direct approcach based on a three field mixed variational formulation, and, on the other hand, a variational modal interaction scheme allowing the use of the acoustic eigenmodes of the liquid in a rigid motionless enclosure and the hydroelastic modes of the enclosure. Numerical results show the advantage of the second procedure.
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  • 134
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 787-790 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 135
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. ii 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 136
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 837-853 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Three widely-used nodal resequencing algorithms were tested and compared for their ability to reduce matrix profile and root-mean-square (rms) wavefront, the latter being the most critical parameter in determining matrix decomposition time in the NASTRAN finite element computer program. The three algorithms are Cuthill-McKee (CM), Gibbs-Poole-Stockmeyer (GPS), and Levy. Results are presented for a diversified collection of 30 test problems ranging in size from 59 to 2680 nodes. It is concluded that GPS is exceptionally fast, and, for the conditions under which the test was made, the algorithm best able to reduce profile and rms wavefront consistently well. An extensive bibliography of resequencing algorithms is included.
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  • 137
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 905-911 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A numerical experiment has been conducted to check theeffectiveness and reliablity of the orthnormalization process tosolve two-point boundary value problems. This process in usedalong with the method of superposition in the linear case andwith the quasilinearization and then the method of superpositionin the non-linear case.
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  • 138
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 913-920 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Long thin test specimens of orthotropic material are modelledby quadratic isoparametric finite elements in plane strain. Displacement oscillations occur down the long free edge of themodel with both reduced (2 × 2) and full (3 × 3) integration, themagnitude of the oscillations being affected by element aspectratio and the elastic constants of the material. The rate ofdiffusion of stress as predicted by the classical shear-lag theory, being dependent on the material constants, is reflectedin the displacement oscillations near the load in 3 × 3integration. In 2 × 2 integration, however, this effect is swampedby the build-up of oscillations away from the restraints in alowenergy deformation mode which becomes dominant as the elementaspect ration is increased. These latter voscillations arepredicted by the illconditioning of the structural stiffnessmatrix measured by a solution diagonal decay factor.
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  • 139
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 949-959 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A modification of the collocation method for the numerical solution of Cauchy-type singular integral equations appearing in plane elasticity and, especially, crack problems is proposed. This modification, based on a variable transformation, applies to the case when the unknown function of the singular integral equation behaves like A(x - c)α + B(x - c)β, where α 〈 0, 0 〈 β - α 〈 1, near an endpoint c of the integration interval. In plane elasticity such a point is either a crack tip or a corner point of the boundary of the elastic medium. Thus the method seems to be quite efficient for the numerical evaluation of generalized stress intensity factors near such points. A successful application of the method to the classical plane elasticity problem of an antiplane shear crack terminating at a bimaterial interface was also made.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1001-1019 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The homogeneous Dirichlet problem for the biharmonic operator is solved as the variational formulation of two coupled second-order equations. The discretization by a mixed finite element model results in a set of linear equations whose coefficient matrix is sparse, symmetric but indefinite. We describe a class of preconditioned conjugate gradient methods for the numerical solution of this linear system. The precondition matrices correspond to incomplete factorizations of the coefficient matrix. The numerical results show a low computational complexity in both number of computer operations and demand of storage.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979) 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 468-472 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A method, based on the trapezoidal rule, is described for the numerical evalution of the error term arising in some numerical quadrature formulae.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 475-497 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents an isoparametric finite element formulation for the torsion and the flexure due to end shears for the beam cross-sections of arbitrary shape. Isoparametric line elements are developed using this formulation for the beam cross-sections consisting of very thin wall open or close multicells. Isoparametric transition elements are also developed for the beam cross-sections consisting of both thin wall sections and solid like sections. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy and the applications of such elements.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 69-79 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A finite element analysis technique for an arbitrarily laminated anisotropic plate is described. A superparametric quadratic plate element with five degrees-of-freedom per node is used in the analysis. A stress-strain relation is derived from a three-dimensional approach to the problem. The volume integration of the stiffness matrix is evaluated by numerical integration using the Gauss quadrature formula with 2 × 2 × 2 sampling points. A variety of laminated plate problems is solved and the results are compared with the exact solutions, which demonstrate the validity of the method.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 115-124 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Load-free notch surfaces of bodies made of a linear-elastic, homogeneous, isotropic material are optimized within given variation domains by means of an interation procedure so that the occurring maximum tangéntial stress is reduced to a minimum. The hypothesis of a constant tangential stress distribution for obtaining minimal notch stresses proposed by R. V. Baud has been confirmed by means of the Fade-away Law of the notch stress theory. The finite element method is applied for calculating the displacement and stress field of the styructure. An increment procedure is used for determing the displacement field after every iteration step, which permits the calculation of the displacement quantities with sufficient accuracy in a single step. Numerical solutions and their comparison with analytical solutions and stress results obtained with the aid of photo-elasticity confirm the usefulness of this procedure. The known optimization methods1,2 differ from those used in the present paper.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 125-142 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: An implementation of the Ahmad Thick Shell element using vector manipulation, reduced integration and the incorporation of the missing term in the approximating polynomial is presented. The first two aspects are merely applications. The theory is presented elsewhere6,7,11,18 and will not be repeated for the sake of conciseness. The third aspect was achieved by adding to the original nodal configuration a central node having only one degree-of-freedom. That node is then eliminated to preserve the original number of degrees-of-freedom.The Ahmad thick shell element is adequately presented in finite element literature.1-3 The co-ordinate definition and the displacement field are retained and will not be dealt with henceforth. However, a different concept of the strain definition due to Irons is used and the bending terms are included in the modulus matrix.The element like all second generation isoparametric elements is easily implemented through a shape function subroutine suitable for quadrilaterals. It reproduces exactly rigid body motion for any combination of elements of any geometry even for elements withcurved sides and variable thickness. Although Ahmad's thick shell element passed the patch test for unequal parallelograms but not for quadrilaterals the version presented passes that test for quadrilaterals.In spite of its credentials, the new version denoted by A has a major setback. the presence of one too many spurious mechanism is reported.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 155-155 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 156-156 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 251-269 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A numerical method for the solution of the two dimensional Shockley-Poisson equation is presented and applied to the analysis of MOS devices. This SOR-Newton method is compared to Gummel's algorithm in two dimensions and shown to be more easily implemented. Application of the resulting code to interelectrode effects in charge coupled devices is given as an example.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 287-289 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A simple quadrature rule that precisely integrates products of singular √r and quadratic shape function gradients for a two-dimensional six node triangle and a three-dimensional fifteen node prism is derived.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 317-336 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: This paper presents a novel integral-equation technique for solving the steady-state wave-resistance problem. The free-surface condition is linearized, but the body condition is satisfied exactly. An integral relation describing the flow inside an arbitrarily truncated internal region is first obtained by applying Green's Theorem, using only the simple source function for an infinite fluid. The internal flow is next matched with eigen expansions in the upstream and downstream outer regions. The radiation condition can be satisfied exactly simply by a proper choice of the solution form in these outer regions. The method is applied to investigate flows about both lifting and non-lifting two-dimensional bodies. Agreement with existing results is excellent. The present formulation provides a simple yet rational basis for tackling the practical three-dimensional ship-wave problem, in which past workers have encountered considerable difficulties using a complicated free-surface Green function.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 379-408 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: In this paper we present an algorithm for adaptively computing smooth piecewise polynomial approximations using restricted range uniform approximations on a finite point set. We also present several numerical examples and offer suggestions for the effective use of this algorithm. We have found the algorithm to be effective for approximating a wide class of functions, either with or without significant levels of noise. Furthermore, since the user of this algorithm actually defines tolerance bands within which the approximation will lie, the algorithm allows the user a great deal of flexibility and control over the shape of the resulting approximations.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 515-529 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A new element stiffness matrix is derived for straight cable elements subjected to tension and torsion. The cross-section of a cable, which may consist of many different structural components, is treated in the following as a single composite element. The derivation is quite general; consequently, the results can be used for a broad category of cable configurations. Individual helical armourning wires, for instance, may have unique geometric and material properties. In addition, no limit is placed on the number of wire layers. Furthermore, compressibility of the central core element can also be considered. The equations of equilibrium are first derived to include ‘internal’ geometric non-linearties produced by large deformations (axial elongation and rotatioin) of a straight cable element. These equations are then linearized in a consistent manner to give a liner stiffness matrix. Linear elasticity is assumed throughout. Excellent agreement with experimental results for two different cables validates the correctness of the analysis.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 567-580 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Methods are described and reviewed for the accurate numerical evaluation of improper integrals encountered in conformal transformation solutions involving boundaries of relatively complicated shape. Four methods are reviewed for the solution of integrals containing end-point singularities. Two new methods are discussed for the solution of integrals containing both end point singularities and simple poles within the range of integration. One method uses a combination of a simple recursive formula and the coefficients of a Chebyshev series and a second method involves subtracting out the singularity and the use of Gauss-Jacobi quadrature. Both methods can give results of high accuracy and an upper limit of the error is readily found. A numerical example is taken which is typical of the application to practical problems and this brings out a comparison of the two methods.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 617-620 
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    Notes: The stability analysis of the hyperbolic and parabolic explicit difference schemes presented in our previous paper 1 is improved on. Analysis of the Fourier components gives rise to stability limits that are very near the actual numerical stability limits.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 629-630 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1581-1596 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The Possibility of the application of the finite element method to some problems of nonlinear optics is investigated in this paper. The self-action of a light beam in a nonlinear medium is considered. The general approach to the cretion of conservative computation schemes is presented, based on varitional principles. Definite schemes, which are applicable for the problem of thermal self-action, are described in detail both in the case of cylindrical and or rectangular co-ordinates. The accuracy and convergence of the models are analysed. The results of computation of the self-action problems in motionless and moving media are presented.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1597-1612 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Dynamic response of strip footings resting on a soil medium, idealized as an elastic halfspace, is obtained using the finite element discretization technique with constant strain rectangular elements consisting of 4CST elements. Boundary stresses have been computed using a combination of Rayleigh wave absorbing boundaries (RAB) and standard vicous boundaries (SVB). The influences of contact pressure distributions at the footing - soil interface, mass and frequency ratios on the dynamic response of a strip footing are studied. Effects of embedment, static surcharge, nonhomogeneity and nonlinear constitutive relations are shown. Results are compared with the existing solution and are presented graphically.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 769-773 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 785-786 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979) 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1037-1050 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The nonlinear impact of a vehicle against a deformable barrier and its subsequent rebound from that barrier are simulated. A one-dimensional elastoplastic model represents the vehicle as a series of rod finite elements and the barrier as a single mass, nonlinear spring. The solution procedure utilizes variable time step integration, contains an error control and eliminates numerical instabilities. A limited study assesses the influence of system parameters on both structure and occupants. The chief objective, however, is to establish the feasibility of the proposed treatment of this class of problems. Some results obtained appear, at first, to contradict intuition. It is observed that modelling a deformable barrier as rigid can lead to unconservative results with respect to structural response of the vehicle.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1141-1163 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: This paper describes an explicit numerical method for solving transient combined heat conduction and convection problems. Applications include the cooling of many types of engineering plant; for example, stator and rotor windings of turbogenerators and high voltage underground cables. The Du Fort-Frankel and the fully implicit finite difference schemes have been used to solve the conduction and convection equations, respectively. It is shown that, with a suitable order of calculation, the overall method becomes explicit. Computational procedures are outlined and stability, accuracy and convergence are considered. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the use of the method and to validate some of the theoretical points. Results have also been obtained using existing numerical methods and have been compared with those from the proposed method. For certain problems, it is shown that the proposed method uses less overall computing time than other methods such as that devised by Crank and Nicolson.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1183-1196 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1197-1220 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1221-1239 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1262-1267 
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1293-1307 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: In this paper the computer code Duvorol, dealing with the computation of three-dimensional rolling contact with dry friction, is described. It is based on the variational principle of Duvaut and Lions for dry friction, which leads to an incremental theory. The relevant properties of Duvorol are:1Generality. All half-space steady-state rolling contact problems with Hertzian normal contact can be treated.2Reliability. The total tangential force is always found with reasonable accuracy by a standard discretization.3Speed. On an IBM 370/158 the calculation of a case then takes only several seconds.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1323-1333 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: An incremental force-displacement relation is derived using the finite element matrix method to study the inelastic bending of beams including transverse shear. Solutions are obtained for the case of a cantilever beam with a point load and a simply supported beam with distributed loading considering and also ignoring the effect of transverse shear. They show good agreement for those cases where solutions are available. Also, the effect of transverse shear is found to be quite significant.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1347-1358 
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    Notes: A simple, yet effective, finite element approach to aerodynamic problems is presented. A better approximation of the geometry is obtained by the mapping of airfoils into near-circles. The mapping serves in homogenizing the gradients of the problem by magnifying regions of high gradients such as the leading and trailing edges while geometrically condensing the lower gradient regions on the main part of the airfoil. The mapping also permits the use of an effective automated mesh generation scheme that greatly reduces the amount of preparatory work involved in finite elements. To limit the size of the solution domain, an asymptotic analytical solution, with unknown coefficients, is assumed on a finite radius outer contour. The coefficients are obtained along with the finite element nodal unknowns. An accrued advantage of this patching asymptotic procedure is its ability to obtain the lift as a solution variable without having to resort to the numerical integration of the pressure field over the body. Solutions to non-lifting and lifting bodies are obtained.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 337-357 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The use of contacting components such as gear teeth in mesh and shrink-fitted shafts is very common in engineering practice. This paper deals with the development of a theoretical method which gives a solution for non-linear contact problems with irreversibility resulting from stick-slip phenomenon.The method is based on the finite element method and load incremental theory. The geometrical and the statical boundary conditions on contact surfaces are treated as additional conditions being independent of stiffness equations. As a result, the algorithm of calculation is simplified and only a part of the simultaneous equations related to the contact surfaces is required to be solved instead of the overall stiffness equations at each step. Furthermore, the magnitude of load causing a change in a contact condition of one contact nodepair is taken as a load increment, in analogy with the incremental iterative procedure for elastic-plastic problems. Therefore, the method provides a general and efficient method for analysis and design of such problems.As illustrative examples, the stick-slip behaviour of turbo-alternator end-bells and other problems are discussed. The calculated results show a reasonable agreement with experimental data and other solutions.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 359-378 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Two alternative numerical methods are presented, based on the assumed-stress hybrid finite element model and the initial-stress approach, for the elastic-plastic small-deflection analysis of structures under static loading. The use of the initial-stress approach results in a set of simultaneous linear algebraic incremental equations to be solved at each loading step, with the elastic stiffness matrix remaining unchanged throughout the loading process and the effects of plasticity included as equivalent element loads. The derivation of these alternative methods differs in the assigning of the incremental stress which satisfies equilibrium; in one case it is the actual stress increment while in the other it is a fictitious stress increment. An equilibrium imbalance correction is included in each of these methods to prevent drifting of the solution during the incremental process. Example solutions are presented which demonstrate the accuracy of the two methods and permit comparisons of the relative efficiencies of the two methods.
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1567-1573 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a finite difference method for two-point boundary value problems described by fourth-order ordinary differential equations which results in consistency of truncation errors. It is demonstrated that the order of the formulae used to approximate the boundary conditions must be higher than those used for similar derivative terms in the differential equation. A generalization of the method to differential equations of order n is discussed. The procedure is illustrated with a numerical example.
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  • 175
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 780-784 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 176
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 786-786 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 177
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1726-1731 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Transient heat conduction in a composite slab is investigated in the present work by using the orthogonal collocation method. The present numerical method is found to be quite efficient and highly stable even for the power-type temperature dependence of thermal conductivity which often cuases severe computational instability to many numerical methods.
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  • 178
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1732-1733 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 179
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1734-1734 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 180
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1805-1812 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Algorithms are described for checking the topological consistency of two- or three-dimensional meshes. Two-dimensional meshes may include mixtures of triangles, quadrilaterals and other polygons with optional edge or centre nodes; three-dimensional meshes may include mixtures of cuboids and tetrahedra with optional edge; sie or internal nodes.
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  • 181
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1785-1804 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Several types of smoothing technique are considered which generate continuous approximation (i.e. nodal values) for vorticity and pressure from finite element solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations using quadrilateral elements. The simpler schemes are based on combinations of linear extrapolation and/or averaging algorithms which convert elementwise. Gauss point values to nodal point values. More complicated schemes, based on a global smoothing technique which employ the mass matrix (consistent or lumped), are also presented.An initial assessment of the accuracy of the several schemes is obtained by comparing the approximate vorticities with an analytical function. Next, qualitative vorticity comparisons are made from numerical solutions of the steady-state driven cavity problem. Finally, applications of smoothing techniques to discontinuous pressure fields are demonstrated.
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  • 182
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1761-1783 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper is mainly concerned with a new structural optimization method based upon the concept of duality in convex programming. This rigorous formulation permits justification of many intuitive procedures which are used in the classical optimality criteria approaches. Furthermore, the dual algorithms proposed in this paper do not suffer from the drawbacks inherent to the optimality criteria approach. The selection of the set of active constraints does not introduce any difficulty and is achieved correctly in all cases. The subdivision of the design variables in an active and passive group is intrinsically contained in the dual formulation. The efficiency of the dual algorithms is shown with reference to some problems for which the classical methods do not lead to satisfactory results.
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  • 183
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1813-1850 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The computational aspects are examined for the numerical analysis of inelastic structures and continua. In this context, the tracing of quasistatic and dynamic motions is considered with particular emphasis on the interaction of nonlinear and transient problems.In the first part, explicit and implicit solution schemes are developed for the numerical integration of inelastic first-order rte processes governing creep, viscoelasticity and viscoplasticity. In the second part, the exposition is extended to second-order inertial problems and in particular to the field of dynamic plasticity, devoting special attention to the kinematics of finite deformation problems.
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  • 184
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1872-1874 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 185
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1851-1863 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The boundary control problem of optimal heating of an infinitely long slab with tempertue-dependent thermal conductivity, subjected to a convection and radiation boundary condition, is analysed by numerical methods.In order to reformulate the optimal control problem of distributed parameter systems as a mathematical programming problem of finite dimension, a space, co-ordinate is discretized by use of the finite element method, while the Runge-Kutta method is utilized for time integrations. Finally, the performance index of the optimal control problem is minimized by the conjugate gradient method of optimization.
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  • 186
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1865-1871 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Earlier publications demonstrated the capability of the EPIC-3 code to perform high velocity impact computations in three dimensions.1,2 These capabilities were demonstrated with simplified material and sliding surface models in a core-contained computer program. This paper presents recent developments which include more comprehensive material and sliding surface formulations, and an expanded computer program which can handle problems of unlimited size by beffering data between disc files and core. The EPIC-3 code is based on an explicit, finite element, Lagrangian formulation which uses constant strain tetrahedral elements.
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  • 187
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1874-1875 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 188
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1875-1878 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 189
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    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 14 (1979), S. 1879-1879 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
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  • 190
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    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 3 (1979), S. 1-11 
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: The deflection of, and the pore pressure at, the surface of a saturated clay mass are computed by modelling the mass mathematically as a consolidationg half-space. Specifically, attention is focused on the effect of a surface cover which impedes, though does not entirely prevent, the flow of the pore water. A number of results of interest are reported, generalizing work reported earlier by McNamee and Gibson8.
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    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 3 (1979), S. 23-36 
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: Two-dimensional seepage from an array of triangular channels into permeable soil underlain at a finite depth by a drain has been solved by using the Baiocchi method. The use of this approach allowed a simple formulation of the seepage problem through extension of the solution region to an a priori known region. The new problem was treated numerically by using the S.O.R. method combined with projection. This technique proved to be very accurate when compared with analytical results and efficient from a computer programming standpoint.
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  • 192
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    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 3 (1979) 
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
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  • 193
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    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 3 (1979), S. 13-22 
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: An effective solution procedure for the finite element analysis of free surface seepage problems is presented. The solution algorithm employs a non-linear permeability description of the material and avoids iteration with the finite element mesh. The results and experiences obtained in the analyses of some problems are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the technique.
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    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 3 (1979), S. 37-47 
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: An examination has been made of the behaviour of a finite layer of elastic material of constant Poisson's ratio, whose Young's modulus increases linearly with depth, and which rests on a rough rigid base. Values of surface settlement at the corner of a rectangular area of uniform loading are presented for values of Poisson's ratio of \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \frac{1}{2} $\end{document}, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \frac{1}{3} $\end{document} and 0, and for wide ranges of degree of inhomogeneity and loading breadth to depth ratio.
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  • 195
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    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 3 (1979), S. 49-62 
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: In a previous paper it was established with very simple assumptions that piles might undergo a directional instability during placement, of a type more usually found in aerodynamic problems. The study is here extended to piles driven into soils whose shear strength and lateral reaction modulus can vary with depth. The analysis consists of a parametric study of the effect of linear variation of the soil parameters with depth on the critical lengths for instability, and a comparison of site evidence with the critical lengths obtained from a stepwise-constant representation of the variation of soil parameters with depth. The theory is shown to give very reasonable estimates of the depths at which major deviation starts, although there is a pressingneed for more detailed site and laboratory data.
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  • 196
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    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 3 (1979), S. 63-78 
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: Problems of a raft on a visco-elastic continuum may be converted to equivalent elastic problems by means of a Laplace transformation. In this paper a numerical solution of the equivalent problem is obtained by finite element or other techniques. This solution is converted into the form of an eigenvector expansion and then transformed into a numerical solution to the original problem by inverting the Laplace transform. This form of solution has the advantage of applying to any visco-elastic model, and of requiring little additional computation as a result of changing the visco-elastic model, the relative raft-soil stiffness or the load pattern.The application of the method is illustrated by results for circular rafts, strip footings of finite length and rectangular rafts, and particular attention is paid to a realistic soil creep function which is asymptotic to a linear function of log time.
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  • 197
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    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 3 (1979), S. 97-103 
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 3 (1979), S. 79-96 
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Notes: A simple and analytical method of solving the problem of heat extraction from a penny-shaped crack having both inlet and outlet holes is developed by using a two-dimensional flow model when fluid is injected at a constant flow rate. Temperature distributions in both rock and fluid are obtained by taking into account the hydraulic and thermal growth of the crack. The outlet fluid temperature and energy extraction rate versus time are shown by some illustrative examples. Although the effect of thermal, contraction of rock upon the crack width is large, its influence upon flow rate and crack tip stress intensity factor is sufficiently small within the first several years so that the crack radius can be determined mainly by the mechanical deformation of, the rock.
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    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 3 (1979), S. 105-105 
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
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    International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 3 (1979), S. 106-106 
    ISSN: 0363-9061
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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