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  • 1955-1959  (13,362)
  • 1890-1899  (12,616)
  • Chemistry  (25,978)
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  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 361-366 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The reaction rate of gaseous acetylene and hydrogen chloride was studied experimentally on a mercuric chloride-activated carbon catalyst at pressures from 1 to 4 atm. and temperatures of 167°, 212°, and 257°F. The measurements were made in a differential reactor packed with mercuric chloride impregnated on activated carbon, the data being taken to obtain the separate effect of the partial pressure of each of the components on the rate.The results indicated that hydrogen chloride was strongly adsorbed on the catalyst and that vinyl chloride was also adsorbed to a significant extent. A rate equation, which well represented the data, was developed from the following postulates: (a) acetylene is adsorbed on the catalyst on one type of site, (b) hydrogen chloride and vinyl chloride are adsorbed on a different kind of site, (c) the formation of vinyl chloride occurs by reaction of adsorbed acetylene and adsorbed hydrogen chloride, and (d) the rates of adsorption and desorption are fast compared with the formation rate of vinyl chloride.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 102
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 411-411 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 103
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 111-115 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A generalized computing method is developed to perform mathematical “relaxation” on a Datatron digital computer. The application of the developed relaxation or iteration procedures results in obtaining numerical solutions to several engineering boundary-value problems expressed by elliptic differential equations. The developed digital relaxation routine is found to be effective, fast, and practical in solving numerous steady-state heat and mass transfer problems with arbitrary and quite often complex boundary conditions. While the specific speed and accuracy of the developed digital method is found to depend upon the type of differential equation, the grid size, and computational tolerance requirements, a typical problem indicates that 250 iterations/min. speed and 1% accuracy may be achieved in an average case.The examples presented in this paper are chosen from the more classical heat transfer and temperature and pressure distribution problems in order to indicate some other areas where similar engineering problems can be solved however complex the boundary conditions may be.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 104
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 181-188 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental studies are described concerning the fluid dynamics, particularly in the turbulent region, of dilute solutions of free-draining, nonassociating, linear polymers; sodium carboxymethylcellulose, ammonium alginate, polyisobutylene, and carboxypolymethylene, all of which are pseudoplastic. These solutions were run in laminar, transition, and turbulent flow in a pipeline flow apparatus designed to permit measurement of dynamic pressure drop and impact pressure by radial traverse.Photographic studies with dye injection used at the tube wall and at the tube center showed that turbulent flow of these pseudoplastic fluids has the following characteristics compared to Newtonian fluids: poor over-all radial mixing, thicker nonturbulent layer at the wall, and decreased rate of formation of horseshoe vortices at the wall.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 105
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 204-208 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Measurements of pressure drop and mean local fluid velocities have been made in a smooth rectangular duct of large aspect ratio. Data have been taken on the steady, isothermal flow of water at room temperature in the viscous, transition, and lower turbulent ranges of flow. Impact probes were installed in the center of the stream, where flow between infinitely broad parallel plates was closely approximated. The limits of the transition range are discussed, and mean local fluid velocities are correlated. Comparison is made with transitional behavior in smooth tubes.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 106
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 212-222 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 107
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 225-234 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An experimental technique for the determination of velocity distributions in two-dimensional laminar flow is described. The method utilizes the optical interference patterns observed in flowing doubly refracting liquids when viewed by transmitted polarized light. The fluid shear-stress distribution may be determined from these interference patterns by methods similar to those employed in solid photoelasticity. Methods are presented for the calculation of velocity distributions from the observed stress distributions. Experiments are described in which the technique was applied to determine velocity profiles in parallel-walled, converging and diverging channels and for flow about a cylindrical obstacle. The doubly-refracting liquids employed were aqueous solutions of an organic dye. Independent experimental checks were obtained in most instances, and these are in satisfactory agreement with the calculated results.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 108
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 235-239 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The physical absorption of gas by water in a tower packed with Raschig rings has been investigated. The liquid-side mass transfer coefficient which was separated by dividing the capacity coefficient by the wetted surface area is discussed from the standpoints of the two-film and penetration theories. A new and simpler dimensionless group is presented which correlates about 90% of the data reported, including the author's own, within an accuracy of ±20%.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 109
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 257-262 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Heat transfer and fluid dynamics were studied in columns in which hot mercury was sprayed into a rising stream of water. Volumetric and area heat transfer coefficients are presented which were found to be lower than those reported for heat transfer from fixed spheres.It was observed that considerable water bypassed the stream of drops, while some surrounding the drops flowed downward. This behavior resulted in water temperatures at the base of the column which were considerably higher than the inlet water temperatures. Consequently the outlet mercury temperature did not approach the inlet water temperature as a limit. The very unconventional flow pattern of the water was unexpected and is believed to be an important factor in spray-column heat transfer and mass transfer kinetics.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 110
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 268-269 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 111
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 271-273 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 112
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 273-274 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 113
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 5 (1959) 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 114
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 276-276 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 115
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 116
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 339-344 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Transformation are obtained which reduce the system of differential equations for certain types of diffusion-controlled reactions to the equation for pure diffusion.Simple relationships between the diffusion rate with and without reactions are presented for reversible unimolecular reactions, certain types of reversible bimolecular reactions, and irreversible reactions between species with equal diffusivities. It is shown that these relationships are independent of geometry, hydrodynamics, or boundary conditions, and so the mass transfer coefficient in the presence of reactions can be obtained from the coefficient in the absence of reactions without an explicit knowledge of the mass transfer mechanism.The reaction factor for irreversible reactions with equal diffusivities, obtained by others for specific mass transfer mechanisms, is found to be quite general and essentially independent of the mechanism.Some data on the absorption of sulfur dioxide in a laminar water jet is considered.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 117
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    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 354-360 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fundamental knowledge consists of understanding not only the models which correlate and rationalized observations but also the quantity and quality of the observations. The degree of correlation attempted should be consistent with this quantity and quality.The scientist correlates and rationalizes observations primarily to broaden his general understanding of the physical universe, and his efforst at correlation are more often than not a way of speculating on the future experiments which should be undertaken to test his concepts. For this purpose he is often satisfied with accuracy to one order of magnitude. The engineer, faced with the design and operation of expensive equipment, is almost always interested in a much higher accuracy in his correlations.Virtually all existing data in the rate processes are forced into rationalizations based upon either potential-difference or potential-gradient models. The application of these models to systems of even relatively simple geometry gives rise to mathematical complexity beyond present analtic ability. Even so, our ability to measure and observe seems to be far below our ability to analyze. These two models have been used effectively in chemical engineering in the past and have served to organize a great deal of information in the rate processes. Present research efforts appear to be directed primarily toward filling in gaps in available data and in refining the application of the models. We seem to suffer from a lack of models to test and a lack of data designed to test critically the existing models. There is relatively little exploratory research in chemical engineering as compared, for example, to physics.When one views chemical engineering as a chain extending from economics, markets, mechanical design, process design, and process development to process research, the uncertainties inherent in some of the links easily involve variances of 50 to 80%. Under these circumstances it would appear that the present orientation of research is distributed much too heavily toward refinement of existing ideas and not nearly enough toward exploration.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 118
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    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 373-378 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mathematical relationships based on material balance and rate equations have been derived for the study of ion exchange kinetics in a fixed-bed operation. Numerical techniques for the solution of the systems possessing equilibrium relationships of the Freundlich-adsorption isotherm type have been developed, and numerical results have been obtained with the use of a digital computer. The resulting numerical solutions have been found to be dependent on parameters involving time, position, and the relative resistances of the liquid and resion phases. The numerical solutions are presented in both tabular and graphical forms.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 119
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 379-384 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mixtures of hydrochloric and phosphoric acids were extracted from aqueous solution by organic solvents in a study to advance the theories of solvent extraction.Four solvents, t-amyl alcohol, n-butanol, cyclohexanol, and 2-hydroxyethyl, n-hexyl ether, were found to give high distribution coefficients of 0.1 to 0.5 for both acids. In studies using the ether type of solvent an increase of the pH of the aqueous phase from 0 to 10 reduced the distribution ratio of phosphoric acid by a factor of 1,100.The substitution of hydriodic acid for hydrochloric caused a 42% increase in the K of phosphoric acid, which could indicate the importance of internal pressure of the additive in extraction. Measurements of activity coefficients of the hydrochloric acid in aqueous solution showed only a 1% increase in its activity coefficient with addition of large amounts of phosphoric acid. This could not be sufficient to cause up to a 40% increase in the distribution coefficient of the hydrochloric acid with the addition of the phosphoric acid.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 120
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    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 61-68 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An experimental investigation was performed on the mass transfer by sublimation from the outer surfaces of hollow naphthalene cylinders, 0.75 and 1.00 in. in diam., in parallel air streams at velocities between 20 and 120 ft./sec. Local mass transfer rates on the cylinders were obtained by a profilometric technique consisting of accurate determinations of changes in radii of the subliming surfaces at points along elements of the cylinders.Local coefficients of mass transfer obtained with laminar boundary layers for Reynolds numbers (based on axial length) between 12,000 and 100,000 were found to be up to 8% greater, because of surface curvature, than corresponding values for flat surfaces. Moreover comparison of the mass-transfer data with a theoretical prediction for laminar skin friction on circular cylinders indicates an effect of surface curvature on the Chilton-Colburn anology between momentum and mass transfer amounting to as much as 6% in the range of air velocity employed. For turbulent boundary layers obtained by artificial triggering of turbulence at the leading edges of the cylinders no effect of surface curvature was found. The results obtained for Reynolds numbers of 40,000 to 1,000,000 are lower than previously published correlations of turbulent heat, mass, and momentum transfer, when compared by the Boelter, Martinelli, and Jonassen form of the analogy.
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  • 121
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    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 453-457 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A differential type of flow reactor, 0.25-in. I.D., was used to study the kinetics of the hydrogenation of ethylene on an alumina-supported nickel catalyst. This is apparently the first investigation made above atmospheric pressures. Data were obtained from 14.7 to 70 1b./sq. in. abs. and feed compositions from 40 to 90 mole % hydrogen. Measurements at temperatures from 30° to 80°C. indicated an apparent activation energy of 11,600 cal./g.-mole.It was found that the activity of the catalytic surface was reduced by exposure to ethylene, or mixtures containing an excess of ethylene, owing to the formation of acetylene residues. Pretreatment of the catalyst at temperatures of 170°C. with mixtures of ethylene and hydrogen stabilized the catalyst so that reliable rate data could be obtained.The rate measurements at 70°C. were correlated by an equation. While the mechanism of the reaction cannot be determined from the data, the rate expression and other kinetic studies suggest a process in which hydrogen is adsorbed on the small fraction of the surface not occupied by acetylenic residues and the reaction takes place between this adsorbed hydrogen and ethylene in the gas phase.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 122
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    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 545-551 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An experimental study on the system hydrogen sulfide-carbon dioxide was performed from the critical region to the solid-liquid-vapor region. For seven mixtures individual phase diagrams were determined by the establishment of dew, volume percentage liquid, hubble, critical, and triple points. A splendid study of this system had been reported earlier by Bierlein and Kay (1) for temperatures above 32°F. However from a temperature point of view this earlier work represents about one half of the phase diagram from the critical locus to the locus of triple points. Hence in this study particular attention was devoted to the lower temperature regions.Equilibrium constants were determined from 100 to 1,200 lb./sq. in. abs. Vapor and liquid equilibrium compositions from this investigation were compared with those obtained by Bierlein and Kay (1) at 20, 40, 60, and 80 atm.Solid-liquid-vapor loci were found to meet at a minimum temperature, lower than either of the individual pure component triple points, due to the formation of a eutectic mixture consisting of 12.5 mole % carbon dioxide. Vapor and liquid compositions in equilibrium with solid were established along the vapor-liquid-solid carbon dioxide and vapor-liquid-solid hydrogen sulfide loci.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 123
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    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 564-564 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 124
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    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 561-563 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The Chemical Engineering Progress Symposium Series is composed of papers on specific subjects conveniently bound in individual books, which are published at intervals. The books are 81/2 by 11 inches, paper covered, and cost as follows: “Computer Techniques in Chemical Engineering,” $3.00 to members, $4.00 to nonmembers; “Nuclear Engineering Part V,” $3.50 to members, $4.50 to nonmembers; “Adsorption, Dialysis, and Ion Exchange,” $3.50 to members, $4.50 to nonmembers. They may be ordered from the Secretary's Office, the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, 25 West 45 Street, New York 36, New York.The A.I.Ch.E. Journal will publish, from time to time, abstracts of the articles appearing in the Symposium Series volumes, beginning with volume 55.
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  • 125
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    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 137-137 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 126
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    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 150-154 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Heat transfer to a horizontal cylinder from an ordinary fluid containing a volume heat source was studied analytically. The first approach to this problem was to assume that the heat source existed only in the boundary layer surrounding the cylinder. By solving the equations for a vertical flat plate cooling the ambient fluid and applying the results to a horizontal cylinder, one could determine the effect of a volume heat source on the heat transfer coefficient for the cylinder case. The variables studied were volume heat sources from 0 to 300 B.t.u./(sec.)(cu. ft.) and temperature difference across the boundary layer in the range 20° to 100°F.In the laminar-flow region a volume heat source was found to increase the heat transfer coefficient for any given temperature difference across the boundary layer. This increase, due to the decrease in boundary-layer thickness caused by the volume heat source, was moderate, being about 20% for a 1 1/4-in. O.D. cylinder with a heat source strength of 100 B.t.u./(sec.) (cu. ft.) and a temperature difference across the boundary layer of 20°F.
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  • 127
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    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 269-270 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 128
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 129
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    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 8J 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 130
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    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 394-396 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Fixed-bed kinetic studies were made for Fe+++  -  H+ exchange, with perchlorate as the anion, covering concentrations from 0.5 N to 2.0 N in total cation, flow rates of 5 ml./min. sq. cm. to 45 ml./min. sq. cm. bed depth of 25 to 60 cm., and average resin particle diameters of 0.28 and 0.56 mm. The results are correlated on the assumption of internal diffusion as the rate-controlling step and an essentially irreversible equilibrium.
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  • 131
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    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 406-406 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 132
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    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 407-407 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 133
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    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 410-410 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 134
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    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 8S 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 135
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    AIChE Journal 5 (1959) 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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  • 136
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    AIChE Journal 5 (1959), S. 413-418 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of high concentration gradients and high evaporative velocities on rates of mass transfer was studied by evaporating liquids into low-speed inert gas streams at pressures approaching the vapor pressure of the liquids.Inert gas concentration in some experiments changed nearly fivefold across the boundary layer. The velocity normal to the surface (owing to evaporation), usually neglected in comparison with main-stream velocity, varied from 0.038 to 19 times the main-stream velocity.The data for air-water, air-carbon tetrachloride, air-chlorobenzene, and helium-chlorobenzene systems were represented within experimental error over the Graetz number range of 0.1 to 1,800 by the flat-duct equations of Butler and Plewes (2) and also by the usual dimensionless plots.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 137
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 74-77 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: High Temperature Corrosion in Petrol Refining by Sulfur CompoundsAt temperatures above 260°C only stainless, highly alloyed steels resist the attack of the most corrosive agent in petrol refining which is hydrogen sulfide. For high temperature corrosion by hydrogen sulfide, the influences of the duration of wear, the concentration of the hydrogen sulfide, the pressure, the properties of the refined petrol and the quality of the steel are of essential importance besides of the effects of temperature. The author reports on last years investigations in BP-research station on the corrosion of stainless steels by hydrogen sulfide at high temperatures. The corrosion of the surface, the inter-crystalline corrosion and the stress corrosion of steels are discussed in detail.
    Notes: Dem Angriff des wesentlichsten korrosiven Agens in Erdölraffinerien, dem Schwefelwasserstoff, bei hohen Temperaturen (über 260°C) widerstehen praktisch ausschließlich rostfreie, hochlegierte Stähle. Bei der Hochtemperatur-Korrosion durch Schwefelwasserstoff sind neben der Temperatur auch Beanspruchungsdauer, Schwefelwasserstoff konzentration, Druck, Beschaffenheit des zu raffinierenden Öles und die Stahlqualität von Einfluß. Verfasser berichtet über die in den letzten Jahren in der BP-Research Station durchgeführten Untersuchungen über die Korrosion von rostfreien Stählen durch Schwefelwasserstoff bei hohen Temperaturen, wobei allgemeine Oberflächen-korrosion, interkristalline Korrosion und Spannungskorrosion der Stähle eingebend behandelt werden.
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  • 138
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 1-14 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Latest Developments in Antirust PaintingFor constructions made of steel a durable protection against rust can only be achieved if all factors conditioning the corrosive effects, especially the environmental influences like rain, dew, the dew point, temperature and agressiveness of the atmosphere, are considered. Their effects on the problem of priming and preliminary treatments of the surface (removal of scale and rust), on the efficiency of rust removers as well as on the protective value of wash primers are discussed. This is followed by information on the composition of protective paints, pigments and binders for priming and the composition of top coats; the specific aptitude of pigments, fillers and binders as well as on protective top paints.
    Notes: Ein dauerhafter Rostschutz von Stahlbauwerken setzt die Kenntnis aller sich auswirkenden Faktoren, insbesondere der Umwelteinflüsse wie Regeneinwirkung, Taubildung, Taupunkt, Temperatur und Aggressivität der Atmosphäre voraus. Ihre Auswirkung auf die Frage der Werksgrundierung, insbesondere der Untergrundvorbereitung (Entzunderung, Entrostung, Eignung) von Rostumwandlern und Schutzwert von Wash-Primern wird besprochen. Es folgen grundsätzliche Angaben über den Aufbau der Schutzanstrichmittel, Pigmente und Bindemittel für Grundierungen, über verschiedenartige Grundanstriche, über die Zusammensetzung der Deckanstriche, der spezifischen Eignung der Pigmente, Füllstoffe und Bindemittel, und über Rostschutz-Deckfarben.
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  • 139
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Electro-Deposition of Titanium from Aqueous Solutions of Potassium-Titanium-FluorideAs discerned from current density-voltage curves titanium can be deposited from aqueous solutions of potassium titanium fluoride. The deposition of the metal takes place by the formation of TiO++ ions and their reduction by nascent hydrogen. The cathode must consist of metals with high overvoltage. On aluminium cathodes deposition of titanium and passivation by aluminium and titanium hydroxides take place simultaneously.The effects are in agreement with the law of the formation of surface covers by Müller Machu. The current yields are very low. Though they would not exceed 30 pct. the current yields of this method are higher than ever before when other titaniums salts are used.On zinc cathodes there is no passivation. So the percentage of the metallic titanium in the deposition is higher than on aluminum cathodes. Micro-photographs demonstrate the influences of additives like gelatin, thiourea etc. which suppress the formation of hydroxides and oxides in the deposition. The formation thick deposits of titanium which are free from oxides is still meeting difficulties.
    Notes: Titan läßt sich, wie anhand von Strom-Spannungskurven gezeigt wird, aus dem Kaliumtitanfluorid in wäßriger Lösung abscheiden. Dabei erfolgt die Metallabscheidung auf dem Umweg über die Bildung von Ti2+-Ionen und durch Reduktion durch naszierenden Wasserstoff. Als Kathodenmaterial sind nur Metalle mit hoher Überspannung geeignet. An Aluminiumkathoden erfolgt während der Titanabscheidung auch eine Passivierung durch Aluminium- und Titanhydroxyd, wobei das Flächenbedeckungsgesetz von Müller-Machu erfüllt ist. Die Stromausbeuten sind nur gering, sie übersteigen 30% nicht, sind aber weit größer als dies mit anderen Titansalzlösungen bisher möglich war.An Zinkkathoden fehlt die Passivierung, daher ist der Anteil an metallischem Titan im Niederschlag größer als an Aluminium. Anhand von Mikrophotos wird der Einfluß von Zusätzen wie Gelatine, Thiobarnstoff u. dergl. aufgezeigt, welche die Bildung von Hydroxyd und Oxyd im Niederschlag unterdrücken. Die Herstellung dickerer Titanniederschläge, frei von Oxyden, bereitet noch Schwierigkeiten.
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  • 140
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 64-64 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 141
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 66-70 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Practical Experiences in the Corrosion Behavior of Zinc PaintsGeneral survey of zinc paints.Conditions of technical application.Preliminary treatment of iron surfaces.Comparison of the test results of various dust paints by different testing methods.Report on experiences with zinc dust paints in steel construction building, open air constructions and in steel sheet working industries.
    Notes: Allgemeines über Zinkanstrichmittel; Verarbeitungstechnische Erfordernisse; Vorbehandlung der Eisenoberfläche.Vergleichende Gegenüberstellung von Testergebnissen mit unterschiedlichen Zinkstaubfarben nach verschiedenen Testverfahren.Praktische Erfahrungen mit Zinkstaubfarben im allgemeinen Stahlhochbau, bei Freiluftkonstruktionen und in der Stahlblech-verarbeitenden Industrie.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 195-195 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 144
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 195-195 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 145
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  • 146
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 202-206 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 147
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. V 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 148
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 213-218 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Cast Iron for Chemical Plant ConstructionInfluencing the Structures of alloys methodically and applying suitable alloying metals, cast iron metallurgy has achieved remarkable success in the production of high quality cast iron materials.Cast iron has always occupied a special place as a structural materials in the construction of chemical industries equipment. This results from its specials characteristics like good mechanical properties, good workability, low wear, easy casting and its good resistance to corrosion and heat which are of big importance for the chemical industries.Except of non-alloyed and low alloy grey cast iron, a large number of highly alloyed cast iron are available. Their properties - particularly alkali and acid resistance - are discussed in detail.Spherical graphite cast iron opens new fields of application, e.g for high pressure constructions. Enamelled cast iron is suitable for special purposes in the chemical, pharmaceutical and food industries.Examples of characteristics cast iron devices show a small section of the manifold uses to which this materials can be applied in chemical plant construction.
    Notes: Die neuere Entwicklung der Gußeisenmetallurgie hat durch zielbewußte Beeinflussung des Gefügeaufbaus der Legierungen und durch Anwendung geeigneter Legierungselemente beachtliche Erfolge in der Herstellung hochwertiger Gußeisenwerkstoffe für die verschiedensten Verwendungszwecke erzielt.Gußeisen hat seit jeher eine Sonderstellung als Werkstoff im Apparatebau der chemischen Industrie. Sie ist gegeben durch eine Reihe charakteristischer Gebrauchseigenschaften, zu denen neben seinen mechanischen Gütewerten, seiner guten Bearbeitbarkeit, den hervorragenden Verschleißeigenschaften und seiner leichten Vergießbarkeit die für den chemischen Betrieb wichtige Korrosions- und Hitzebeständigkeit zählen.Neben dem unlegierten und niedriglegierten Grauguß ist eine große Zahl höher legierter Gußeisenwerkstoffe bekannt, deren Eigenschaflen, insbesondere Alkali- bzw. Säurebeständigkeit, im einzelnen aufgezeigt werden.Das Kugelgraphit-Gußeisen eröffnet neue Anwendungsgebiete, z. B. für Apparaturen, die bei höheren Drucken eingesetzt werden. Emaillierter Grauguß eignet sich für besondere Zwecke der chemischen, pharmazeutischen und Nahrungsmittelindustrie.Beispiele charakteristischer Apparateteile geben einen kleinen Ausschnitt aus dem vielseitigen Programm des Werkstoffs Gußeisen für den chemischen Apparatebau.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 174-180 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 150
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: With the aid of a voltage diagram, definite ranges of potential differences can be determined each of them characterising special corrosion conditions for this metal. Above the minimum corrosion potential, titanium can be rendered chemically inactive by coating with a layer of titanium-hydride (hydride-passive condition). This condition is reached normally in the presence of strong cathodic polarisation only. Exceeding a critical potential difference, the metal becomes chemically active. Corrosion and hydrogen generation take place (normal corrosion in non-oxidising acids). Exceeding the critical P.D for passivity the metal is covered with an oxide layer which again renders it inactive, (oxide-passive condition). This is the condition responsible for the excellent corrosion-resisting properties of titanium in oxidising media. With relatively high potential differences which occur only by anodic polarisation and not in oxidising media, activation is again encountered in halogenide solutions(trans-passive condition). Titanium is attacked in the forms of scars. In solutions free from halides there is no corrosion at strong anodic polarisations. The different corrosion conditions on titanium in various ranges of P.D. are explained by characteristic examples.
    Notes: Es lassen sich für Titan verschiedene Potentialbereiche an Hand eines Strom-Spannungsdiagramms festlegen, innerhalb derer ein für das Metall jeweils charakteristisches Korrosionsverhalten besteht. Oberhalb des Immunitätspotentials wird Titan durch Bedeckung mit einer Titanhydridschicht passiv (hydrid passiver Zustand). Der hydridpassive Zustand wird normalerweise nur bei starker kathodischer Polarisation erreicht. Bei Überschreiten eines kritischen Potentials wird das Metall aktiv. Es tritt Korrosion unter Wasserstoffentwicklung ein (normale Korrosion in nichtoxydierenden Säuren). Bei Überschreiten des kritischen Passivierungspotentials wird das Metall von einer Oxydschicht bedeckt und dadurch erneut passiv (oxydpassiver Zustand). Der oxydpassive Zustand ist für die ausgezeichnete Korrosionsbeständigkeit des Titans gegenüber oxydierenden Medien verantwortlich. Bei relativ hohen Potentialen, die nur durch anodische Polarisation, nicht hingegen durch Oxydationsmittel erreicht werden, tritt in halogenidhaltigen Lösungen erneut Aktivierung ein (transpassiver Zustand). Titan wird narbenförmig angegriffen. In halogenidfreien Lösungen dagegen tritt bei starker anodischer Polarisation keine Korrosion ein. An Hand einer Reihe von charakteristischen Beispielen wird das unterschiedliche Korrosionsverhalten des Titans in den verschiedenen Potentialbereichen erklärt.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 274-274 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 195-195 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 195-195 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 197-202 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 206-210 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 266-268 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 274-274 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 280-280 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 383-385 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Contribution to the Questions of the Kinetics of the Dissolution of MetalsIn the dissolving of metals different processes are of importance, according to the concentration of the acid or alkaly employed. Within the concentration range of up to 0,1 N, the rate of dissolution depends on the rate of diffusion of the hydrogen ions towards the metal surface; with concentrations higher than 0,5 N, the rate of discharge of the hydrogen ions determines the rate of dissolution; in the range of 0,1to 0,5 N, both the processes are of importance. Activation energy values for several metals and solutions were determined for all there range of concentration.
    Notes: Bei der Auflösung von Metallen sind je nach der Konzentration der verwendeten Säure oder Base verschiedenartige Vorgänge maßgebend, Im Konzentrationsbereich bis 0,1 n ist die Lösungsgeschwindigkeit von der Diffusionsgeschwindigkeit der Wasserstoffionen zur Metalloberfläche abhängig; bei höheren Konzentrationen als 0,5 n ist die Schnelligkeit der Entladung der Wasserstoffionen für die Lösungsgeschwindigkeit verantwortlich; im Bereich von 0,1 bis 0,5 n machen sich beide Vorgänge geltend. Es wurden die Werte der Aktivierungsenergien für einige Metalle und Lösungen für alle drei Auflösungsarten ermittelt.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 339-342 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 342-342 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 353-355 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 376-377 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Cathodic or electrochemical rust protection?The rust-promoting local electric currents can be prevented both by means of anodic metal coatings and by electrochemical techniques Zn and Al coatings are, according to the RoST rules, premissable only conditionally, for an equal, if not better, protective effect is often obtained by means of regular painting with suitable media. The electrochemical effect of lead on the metallic base leads to the formation of insulating, and therefore rustpreventing, layers of coating. The weather resistance of white-lead-based paints is due only to the formation of, lead soaps in fatty acid containing media, and not to any electrochemical processes. The effect of Zn and Mg anodes is reinforced by additional paint coatings.
    Notes: Die rostfördernden „Lokalströme“ können sowohl durch anodische Metall-überzüge als auch durch elektrochemische Maßnahmen unterbunden werden.  -  Zn- und Al-überzüge sind den RoSt-Vorschriften zufolge nur bedingungsweise zugelassen, denn durch Regel-Anstriche in geeigneten Bindemitteln wird oftmals eine gleich gute, wenn nicht bessere Schutzwirkung erzielt.  -  Die elektrochemische Einwirkung der Bleimenge auf den metallischen Untergrund führt zur Bildung isolierender und daher rosthemmender Deckschichten.  -  Die Wetterbeständigkeit der Bleiweiß-Anstriche ist lediglich auf die Bildung von „Bleiseifen“ in fettsäurehaltigen Bindemitteln, nicht aber auf irgendwelche elektrochemischen Vorgänge zurückzuführen.  -  Die Wirkung der Zn- und Mg-Anoden wird durch zusätzliche Anstriche verstärkt.
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  • 167
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 363-372 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Documentation in the territory of corrosionConsidering the increasing amount of corrosion literature, the problems of documentation in this territory become more and more important and urgent. Besides of gathering and interpreting the literature on corrosion, its classification into a certain system is necessary. This system must be clear, well-defined, comprehensive and as logical only to find data quickly, completely and sure.Classification systems have been suggested by the National association of corrosion engineers(NACE)American society for metals(ASM)Special library association (SLA)Internationales institut fü Dokumentation (DK)Using the four systems mentioned above a classification system was developed which would suit the requirements of corrosion technics.The principles of the classification system of the Bundesanstalt fü Materialprüfung(BAM) are explained. Some examples demonstrate its possibilities of application in practise. This system of numbers is expected to facilitate international cooperation in this territory.
    Notes: Bei dem steigenden Umfang der Korrosionsliteratur werden auch auf diesem Gebiete die Dokumentationsprobleme immer wichtiger und dringender. Neben dem Erfassen und Auswerten des Schriftums über Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz ist seine Einordnung in ein bestimmtes System erforderlich. Dieses Ordnungssystem muß klar, eindeutig, umfassend und möglichst logisch aufgegliedert sein. Nur so ist es möglich, gewünschte Angaben schnell, vollständig und sicher wiederzufinden.Ordnungssysteme wurden bereits aufgestellt von: National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE)American Society for Metals (ASM)Special Library Association (SLA)Internationales Institut für Dokumentation (DK).Unter Verwertung der vorstehend genannten Systeme wurde eine Gliederung entwickelt, die speziell auf das Korrosionsgebiet abgestimmt ist.Die Prinzipien, nach denen das Ordnungssystem der Bundesanstalt für Materialprüfung (BAM) aufgebaut ist, werden erläutert und an einigen Beispielen seine Anwendungsmöglichkeiten in der Praxis gezeigt. Durch das entwickelte Zahlensystem soll die internationale Verständigung auf diesem Gebiete erleichtert werden.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 450-453 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 458-460 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 463-464 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 469-469 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 172
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 393-397 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 173
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  • 174
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 470-470 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 175
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 470-470 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 176
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 425-429 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Application of the polarization curve for examining the localized corrosion of stainless steelsIt is shown how it is possible, on the base of anodic and cathodic polarization curve, to judge the danger of pitting in large apparatus for each attacking agent and accordingly to take suitable measures.
    Notes: Es wird gezeigt, wie es möglich ist, auf Grund anodischer und kathodischer Polarisationskurven die Gefahr der Entstehung von Lochfraß in Großapparaten für jedes angreifende Mittel zu beurteilen und danach zweckentsprechende Vorkehrungen zu treffen.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 177
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 499-501 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation on the Stress-Layer of 18/8 Steel by means of Electron-DiffractionThe ferritic stress layer of 18/8 steel was investigated crystallographically as well as magnetically by means of electron diffraction. Furthermore its thickness was estimated magnetically.This method represents a convenient completion of 18/8 steels quality tests.
    Notes: Untersucht wurde die ferritische “Spannungsschicht” von 18/8-Stahl mit Hilfe von Elektronenbeugung sowohl kristallographisch als auch magnetisch, außerdem wurde ihre Dicke magnetisch abgeschätzt. Das neue Verfahren ergänzt die Güteprüfung von 18/8-Stahl in wertvollem Sinne.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 524-524 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 179
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 461-462 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 464-467 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 463-463 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 469-470 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 470-470 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 639-641 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 525-527 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 536-537 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 187
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 539-540 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 188
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 541-544 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Special Aspects of the Corrosion in Refining Plants by Crude OilIn the USA the annual damage of refinery equipment caused by corrosion amounts to 14-18 pct. per barrel crude oil charge. The total damage is estimated to be about $ 400,000,000. A carefully planned maintenance program will be indispensable if reduction of these costs is to be achieved.In 1953-54 American Petroleum Institute investigated the problem of how to determine the pure costs of corrosion damages. The conclusions approved by the majority of the American Petroleum industry consist of four items which are discussed by the author.There is a special treatment on the corrosive effects of crude oil which occur on account of the progress of refining technics especially in the first as well as in laters steps of the process. Chlorides which are hydrolized to hydrochloric acid, acids, water and sulfar which is forming hydrogen sulfade and sulfur dioxide are the chief corrosive agents in the crude oil. An accelerated test of the crude oil before putting in is necessary to enable the corrosion to be estimated. Two methods, the suitable neutralisation agents and the inhibitors are discussed in detail.
    Notes: Die jährlichen Unkosten für Korrosionsschäden in Erdöl-Raffinierungsanlagen in (den Vereinigten Staaten) betragen etwa 14 bis 18% per barrel der rohen Charge und dürften für die gesamte Industrie rd. 400 Millionen Dollar ausmachen. Zur Herabsetzung dieser Unkosten ist ein sorgfältig geplantes Instandhaltungsprogramm für das ganze Jahr unerläßlich.Die Frage, welche Posten als direkte Korrosionsunkosten zu betrachten sind, ist 1953/54 vom American Petroleum Institute eingehend untersucht worden. Die vom größten Teil der amerikanischen Erdölindustrie gebilligten Schlußfolgerungen hierüber umfassen 4 Hauptpunkte, die vom Verfasser diskutiert werden.Insbesondere werden die korrodierenden Wirkungen des Rohöls besprochen, die sich infolge der technischen Fortschritte der letzten Jahre in der Verfahrenstechnik vor allem bei den ersten Stufen des Verarbeitungsganges, aber auch später, bemerkbar machen. Chloride, die im Verlauf der Verarbeitung zu Säuren hydrolysiert werden, Säuren, Wasser und Schwefel, der zu H2S und SO2 umgewandelt wird, sind in der Hauptsache die korrodierenden Bestandteile des Rohöls. Eine Schnelluntersuchung des Rohöls vor der Speisung in die Destillation ist erwünscht, um die zu erwartende Korrosion im voraus abschätzen zu können. Zwei Methoden werden besprochen und die zu verwendenden Neutralisationsmittel und Inhibitoren aufgezählt und kritisch betrachtet.
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  • 189
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 761-767 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: A theory on the complementing process in phosphating baths(Formation rate of secondary cover layers on metals)Secondary cover layers are deposited on metals from saturated solutions if the equilibrium of the solution is disturbed by corrosion on the metal surface. The rate of corrosion and the rate at which the layer is formed are compared, using the phosphate treatment of iron as an example. With this process, the quotient of the HṠ consumed and the iron dissolved is governed by the stoichiometry of the oxidation reaction concerned. The quotients of the HṠ consumed and the quantity of the zinc phosphate deposit can be calculated if all reactions are diffusion controlled. It is thus assumed that the crystal nuclei are formed rapidly, and that equilibria between zinc and phosphoric acid in the solution remain adjusted upto the metal surface. This theory is confirmed experimentally. It serves to indicate and to determine the composition of complementry solution by means of which the baths can be kept stable.
    Notes: Sekundäre Deckschichten scheiden sich aus gesättigten Lösungen auf Metallen ab, wenn an der Metalloberfläche das Lösungsgleichgewicht durch Korrosion gestört wird. Die Geschwindigkeiten von Korrosion und Abscheidung werden am Beispiel der Phosphatierung von Eisen verglichen. Dabei ist der Quotient aus verbrauchtem H und gelöstem Eisen durch die Stöchiometrie der jeweiligen Oxydationsreaktion bedingt. Der Quotient aus verbrauchten H und Menge des Zinkphosphatniederschlags ist zu berechnen, wenn alle Reaktionen transportbestimmt sind. Es wird also angenommen, daß die Gleichgewichte zwischen Zink und Phosphorsäure in der Lösung bis hin zur Metalloberfläche eingestellt bleiben. Die Theorie wird experimentell bestätigt. Sie dient dazu, um Bäder mit optimalen Eigenschaften anzugeben. Ferner erlaubt sie, die Zusammensetzung von Ergänzungslösungen zu berechnen, mit denen die Bäder stationär gehalten werden können.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 602-604 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 604-604 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 631-638 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 651-652 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 662-663 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 789-797 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. XXIX 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 739-760 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: On the causes and progress of aggression due to the attack of corrosive waters on cement mortar and concrete(First Communication)This First Communication presents a comparative synopsis of present knowledge and experience of the causes and progress of aggression, with special regard to recent developments, during the attack of corrosive waters on cement mortar and concrete, in as much as these are relevant to the causal relationship between cause and effect and to the processes during concrete corrosion in the mortar bed. This communication also deals with the different measures to enhance the corrosion resistence in concrete practice, and the influence of these measures on the concrete properties.
    Notes: In der 1. Mitteilung werden die bisherigen Erkenntnisse und Erfahrungen über die Ursachen und den Verlauf der Aggression unter besonderer Berücksichtigung neuerer Entwicklungen bei Einwirkung angreifender Wässer auf Zementmörtel und Beton, soweit diese im Hinblick auf den kausalen Zusammenhang zwischen Ursache und Wirkung und die Vorgänge bei der Betonaggression im Mörtelbett wesentlich sind, vergleichend zusammengefaßt und die verschiedenen Maßnahmen zur Erhöhung der Aggressionsbeständigkeit in der Betonpraxis und deren Einfluß auf die Betoneigenschaften behandelt.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 784-786 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 797-800 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 10 (1959), S. 721-727 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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