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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of legal medicine 103 (1990), S. 169-190 
    ISSN: 1437-1596
    Keywords: Alcohol metabolism ; genetic factors ; Drinking habits ; genetic factors ; Alcohol abuse ; Alcoholism ; Alkoholmetabolismus ; genetische Faktoren ; Trinkverhalten ; Einfluß genetischer Faktoren ; Alkoholmißbrauch ; Alkoholismus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nach heutiger Erkenntnis spielt der Acetaldehyd, das toxische erste Abbauprodukt des Ethanols, eine entscheidende Rolle für die akute und chronische Wirkung des Alkohols. Die Höhe des Acetaldehydspiegels nach Alkoholgenuß wird vor allem von den Aktivitäten der Enzyme Alkoholdehydrogenase (ADH) and Aldehyddehydrogenase (ALDH) bestimmt. Von beiden Enzymen sind genetisch bedingte Polymorphismen bekannt, deren Auswirkungen auf den Metabolismus des Acetaldehyds nur zum Teil bekannt sind. Im vorliegenden Übersichtsreferat werden die Hauptabbauwege des Ethanols, die wichtigsten Eigenschaften und die derzeit bekannten interindividuellen and interethnischen Unterschiede der Isoenzymmuster von ADH and ALDH zusammenfassend dargestellt. Am Beispiel der sog. ALDH I-Defizienz, die in “mongoliden’ Populationen weft verbreitet ist, wird gezeigt, daß eine verminderte Gesamtaktivität der Aldehyddehydrogenase in der Leber mit einer erhöhten Alkoholempfindlichkeit und mit einer geringeren Anfälligkeit fur Alkoholismus verbunden ist. Es wird diskutiert, inwieweit auch in europiden Populationen interindividuelle Unterschiede in der Gesamtaktivitat der Aldehyddehydrogenase bestehen können, die möglicherweise Auswirkungen haben auf die Alkoholsensitivität und das Trinkverhalten eines Individuums.
    Notes: Summary Alcoholism is one of the most challenging current health problems in the Western countries with far-reaching medical, social, and economic consequences. There are a series of factors that interact in predisposing or protecting an individual against alcoholism and alcohol-related disorders. This article surveys the state of our knowledge concerning the biochemical and genetic variations in alcohol metabolism and their implications in alcohol sensitivity, alcohol drinking habits, and alcoholism in different racial/ethnic groups. The major pathway for the degradation of ethanol is its oxidation to hydrogen and acetaldehyde - to which many of the toxic effects of ethanol can be attributed. Variations in alcohol and acetaldehyde metabolism via genetically determined polymorphisms in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) seem to play an important role in individual and racial differences in acute and chronic reactions to alcohol, alcohol drinking habits, as well as vulnerability to organ damage after chronic alcohol abuse. Alcohol sensitivity and associated discomfort symptoms accompanying alcohol ingestion may be determinental for the significantly low incidence of alcoholism among the Japanese, Chinese and other Orientals of Mongoloid origin. An abnormal ALDH isozyme has been found to be widely prevalent among individuals of the Mongoloid race and is mainly responsible for the acute sensitivity to alcohol commonly observed in this race. Persons sensitive to alcohol by virtue of their genetically controlled ALDH isozyme deficiency may be discouraged from drinking large amounts of alcohol in their daily life due to the initial adverse reaction experienced after drinking alcohol. Indeed, a significantly low incidence of the mitochondrial ALDH isozyme deficiency has been observed in alcoholics as compared to psychiatric patients, drug dependents and healthy controls in Japan. How far any variation in ADII and/or DIT activity among individuals of Caucasian origin will have similar effects has yet to be studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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