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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Herz-, Thorax- und Gefässchirurgie 14 (2000), S. 231-238 
    ISSN: 0930-9225
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Aortenklappe – linksventrikuläre Ausflussbahn – Chirurgie – Resultate ; Key words Aortic valve – surgery – results – left ventricular outflow tract
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Pathologies of the left ventricular outflow tract and of the ascending aorta are relatively rare congenital lesions. We assessed the early outcome and long-term follow-up of neonates, children and adolescent patients who were treated surgically because of a pathology of the left ventricular outflow tract (subaortic stenosis and/or valvular aortic stenosis) or of the ascending aorta.¶   Between 1984 and 1999, 96 patients were treated in our institution: 68 patients underwent a primary operative procedure, 22 had a redo-intervention whereas in 6 patients a re-re-intervention was performed. Primary isolated valvotomy was performed in 30 neonates or young children below 6 months. In the group requiring redo-surgery, the following procedures were performed: repeated valvotomy with or without reconstruction of the valve by commissural plication or cusp extension (n=8), valve replacement with homograft (n=10), with mechanical (n= 7) and biological prosthesis (n=3). In patients with a subaortic obstruction, a membranous stenosis was resected in 10, a muscular resection was performed in 5 and in 3 patients a more complex procedure (Ross-Konno) was performed.¶   The following surgical procedures were performed in those patients presenting with a pathology of the aortic root and/or of the ascending aorta: aortic root replacement with preservation of the native valve (n=5), composite graft replacement (n=4) and homograft mini-root (n=2), whereas in 4 patients with idiopathic dilatation of the ascending aorta, a supracoronary graft was implanted. In 3 patients presenting with a supravalvar aortic stenosis and Williams-Beuren syndrome, a xenopericardial patch was inserted in 2 and a graft was implanted in one.¶   Overall mortality was 4% (3/96); interestingly there was no mortality following redo-procedures. The following significant complications were observed in neonates following aortic valvotomy: low cardiac output (n=6/30, 20%), av block III (1/30, 3%), renal failure requiring peritoneal dialysis (4/30, 16%). Predictive factors for perioperative mortality in this group were: age 〈1 month, emergency operation and duration of the procedure; in the multivariate analysis, only age 〈1 month was found to be predictive for operative mortality. Predictive factors for redo-surgery after previous valvotomy were: age at initial operation below 6 months, biscuspid aortic valve and duration of the follow-up.¶   The spectrum of congenital lesions of the left ventricular outflow tract, aortic valve and ascending aorta is broad and the majority of the surgical procedures can be performed with a reasonably low risk, even if redo- or re-redo surgery has to be performed. Only neonates requiring emergency aortic valvotomy have an increased perioperative risk.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Objektiv. Untersuchung sämtlicher Eingriffe an der linksventrikulären Ausflussbahn (LVOT), Aortenklappe (AK) und Aorta ascendens (AoA) und Bestimmung von prädiktiven Faktoren für perioperative Mortalität und Reoperation.¶Patienten und Methode. Zwischen 1984 und 1999 wurden 96 Patienten mit einem solchen angeborenen Leiden operativ behandelt: es handelte sich bei 68 Patienten um einen Ersteingriff, bei 22 um eine Reoperation und bei 6 um eine Re-Reoperation. Eine primäre isolierte Kommissurotomie der AK wurde bei 30 Patienten durchgeführt, währenddem eine Kommissurotomie mit Rekonstruktion der AK bei 6 Patienten stattfand. Folgende 28 Reoperationen wurden durchgeführt: Re-Kommissurotomie mit plastischer Rekonstruktion (n=8, alle Klappen trikuspid), Ersatz mit Homograft (n=8), mit mechanischer (n=3) oder mit biologischer (n=3) Prothese. Bei der Re-Reoperation wurde bei 4 Patienten eine mechanische Prothese (2 davon mit simultaner Erweiterung des Aortenanulus) und bei 2 Patienten einen Homograft eingepflanzt.¶   Bei 18 Patienten wurde eine Subaortenstenose (membranös 10, muskulär 5) reseziert und bei 3 Patienten wurde eine Erweiterungsoperation des LVOT durchgeführt.¶   Folgende Eingriffe (n=14) an der Aorta ascendens wurden durchgeführt: Rekonstruktion der Aortenwurzel unter Erhaltung der nativen Klappe (n=5), Aortenwurzelersatz mit Composite-Graft (n=4) und mit Homograft (n=2) bei Marfan Syndrom und suprakoronarer Ascendensersatz (n=4) wegen idiopathischer Aortendilatation. Bei 3 Patienten wurde die Resektion einer supravalvulären Stenose mit Ersatz (n=1) oder konsekutiver Erweiterung mit Patch (n=2) bei idiopathischer Stenose oder im Rahmen eines Williams-Beuren Syndroms durchgeführt.¶   Bei 28 Patienten wurden zusätzliche kardiale (n=19) oder extrakardiale (n=11) Missbildungen diagnostiziert.¶Resultate. Die Frühmortalität betrug 3/96 (4%); es gab keine Mortalität im Rahmen eines zweiten oder dritten Eingriffes. Folgende signifikante postoperative Komplikationen wurden nach Valvulotomie (n=30) beobachtet: Herzinsuffizienz nach neonataler Valvulotomie (20%), av-Block III. Grades (3,3%), Peritonealdialyse-pflichtige Niereninsuffizienz (16%). Risikofaktoren für die perioperative Mortalität beim ersten Eingriff waren: Alter〈1 Monate, Notfalloperation und Dauer des Eingriffes (univariabel). Die folgenden Prädiktoren konnten für eine Reoperation nach Komissurotomie identifiziert werden: Alter bei der ersten Operation 〈6 Monate, bikuspide Klappe, Länge des Beobachtungsintervall.¶Schlussfolgerung. Das Spektrum angeborener Missbildungen im Bereich des LVOT, der AK und der AoA und die Auswahl des chirurgischen Verfahren sind vielfältig. Sämtliche Eingriffe (inkl. Re- und Re-Reoperation) können heutzutage mit Ausnahme der notfallmäßigen Kommissurotomie bei Neugeborenen (mit kritischer Aortenstenose) mit einem geringen Risiko durchgeführt werden, insofern keine weitere schwerwiegende kardiale Missbildungen vorhanden sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1084
    Keywords: Key words: Cartilage – MR imaging – Precision – Joint – Osteoarthritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The aim of this study was to analyze the precision of tibial cartilage morphometry, by using a fast, coronal water-excitation sequence with high spatial resolution, to compare the reproducibility of 3D thickness vs volume estimates, and to test the technique in patients with severe osteoarthritis. The tibiae of 8 healthy volunteers and 3 patients selected for total knee arthroplasty were imaged repeatedly with a water-excitation sequence (image time 6 h 19 min, resolution 1.2 × 0.31 × 0.31 mm3), with the knee being repositioned between each replicate acquisition. After 3D reconstruction, the cartilage volume, the mean, and the maximal tibial cartilage thickness were determined by 3D Euclidean distance transformation. In the volunteers, the precision of the volume measurements was 2.3 % (CV%) in the medial and 2.6 % in the lateral tibia. The reproducibility of the mean cartilage thickness was similar (2.6 and 2.5 %, respectively), and that of the maximal thickness lower (6.5 and 4.4 %). The patients showed a considerable reduction in volume and thickness, the precision being comparable with that in the volunteers. We find that, using a new imaging protocol and computational algorithm, it is possible to determine tibial cartilage morphometry with high precision in healthy individuals as well as in patients with osteoarthritis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:Ash weight – Bone density – Bone size – DXA – Mechanical failure – Proximal femur
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The objective of this study was to directly compare in situ femoral dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and in vitro chemical analysis (ash weight and calcium) with mechanical failure loads of the proximal femur, and to determine the influence of bone size (volume) and density on mechanical failure and DXA-derived areal bone mineral density (BMD, in g/cm2). We performed femoral DXA in 52 fixed cadavers (age 82.1 ± 9.7 years; 30 male, 22 female) with intact skin and soft tissues. The femora were then excised, mechanically loaded to failure in a stance phase configuration, their volume measured with a water displacement method (proximal neck to lesser trochanter), and the ash weight and calcium content of this region determined by chemical analysis. The correlation coefficient between the bone mineral content (measured in situ with DXA) and the ash weight was r= 0.87 (standard error of the estimate = 16%), the ash weight allowing for a better prediction of femoral failure loads (r= 0.78; p〈0.01) than DXA (r= 0.67; p〈0.01). The femoral volume (r= 0.61; p〈0.01), but not the volumetric bone density (r= 0.26), was significantly associated with the failure load. The femoral bone volume had a significant impact (r= 0.35; p〈 0.01) on the areal BMD (DXA), and only 63% of the variability of bone volume could be predicted (based on the basis of body height, weight and femoral projectional bone area. The results suggest that accuracy errors of femoral DXA limit the prediction of mechanical failure loads, and that the influence of bone size on areal BMD cannot be fully corrected by accounting for body height, weight and projected femoral area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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