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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 93 (1989), S. 5966-5969 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 1699-1704 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Two different electron density reconstruction methods for 8-keV neutral lithium beam probing have been developed for the Compact Helical System (CHS). Density dependences on emission and ionization processes are included by using effective rate coefficients obtained from the collisional radiative model. Since the two methods differ in the way the local beam density in the plasma is determined, the methods have different applicable electron densities. The beam attenuation is calculated by iteration from the electron density profile in method I. In method II, the beam remainder at the observation point z is determined by integrating the Li i emission intensity from z toward the position of emission tail-off. At the emission tail-off, the fast lithium beam is completely attenuated. Selecting an appropriate method enables us to obtain edge electron density profile well inside the last closed flux surface for various ranges of plasma densities (1012–5×1013 cm−3). The electron density profiles reconstructed by these two different methods are in good agreement with each other and are consistent with results from ruby laser Thomson scattering.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 2737-2745 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A plasma source based on an inductive breakdown of a supersonic gas puff is described. The source was developed to provide an anode plasma for an annular, extraction geometry, magnetically insulated ion diode. In this source, plasmas with densities of 1013 cm−3 were generated and accelerated to velocities of 20–30 cm/μs; plasma fluxes of 10–40 A/cm2 were obtained. Operating the source under the diode insulating field effect, plasma fluxes above 100 A/cm2 were observed. When the plasma source was used in conjunction with a magnetically insulated diode gap, intense ion beams with proton fluxes of more than 100 A/cm2, energies of 100 keV, and beam pulses longer than 1 μs were extracted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 143 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 141 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 4821-4824 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A dc glow discharge source with controlled plasma potential was developed for application in plasma immersion ion implantation processing of materials surfaces. This type of ion implantation system allows cost effective surface modification of workpieces with complex shapes. The effects of the nitrogen plasma etching during the plasma immersion ion implantation process was studied using Si wafers as monitors, as we varied the externally controlled plasma potential between 0 and 350 V. When the plasma potential is controlled below 70 V, the ion implantation is dominant, otherwise the etching overtakes. The nitrogen implanted silicon wafers were analyzed by high resolution x-ray diffraction and Auger electron spectroscopy which revealed successful implantation of ions with accumulated nitrogen dose of 1.5×1017 cm−2, for the low potential case. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 1872-1876 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An active anode plasma source has been developed for use in a magnetically insulated ion diode operated on a 1010-W pulsed power generator. This source uses an inductive voltage from a single turn coil to beak down an annular gas puff produced by a supersonic nozzle. The resulting plasma is magnetically driven toward the radial insulating magnetic field in the diode accelerating gap and stagnates at a well-defined surface after about 300 ns to form a plasma anode layer defined by magnetic flux surfaces. An ion beam is then extracted from this plasma layer by applying a 150-kV, 1-μs pulse to the accelerating gap. Optimization of the timing of the gas puff, the plasma production discharge, and the high voltage pulse has resulted in 1-μs duration 75–150-keV ion beam pulses with 〉100-A/cm2 peak ion current density over an area of about 400 cm2. Up to 5 J/cm2 has been collected by a 4-cm2 calorimeter. The diode impedance history can be varied so that rising, flat, and falling voltage pulse waveforms can be produced. Streak photographs of beamlets impinging on a scintillator and time integrated targets both show beam divergence angles ≤3°. However, under certain operating conditions, large excursions (∼25°) in mean aiming angle on time scales of 20–200 ns are observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 19 (2005), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have previously cloned human papillomavirus type 82 (HPV-82) from a vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia, but it is not known whether HPV-82 can induce a cutaneous lesion. A large erosive nodule developed on the scrotum of a 50-year-old Japanese patient. Histopathologically, the lesion was composed of two distinct parts; one part showing changes characteristic of Bowen's disease in the epidermis, and the other showing elongated rete ridges and proliferation of atypical basaloid cells in the dermis. These parts were partially connected, giving the diagnosis of Bowen's carcinoma. Immunohistochemically, HPV capsid antigen was detected only in the nuclei of a few cells on the upper part of the epidermis. HPV-82 was identified in the lesion by blot hybridization and viral DNA was demonstrated in the lesion by in situ hybridization. HPV-82 has tropism for both the skin and the genital regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 5 (1989), S. 1005-1008 
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 140 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Major photoproducts induced by carcinogenic ultraviolet (UV) radiation are the cylobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine–pyrimidone (6–4) photoproducts (6–4PPs). 8-Hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is also a DNA base-modified product generated by reactive oxygen species in conditions of ultraviolet stress. Although UVB-induced CPDs and 6–4PPs have been investigated in animal and human skin, little is known about the role of 8-OHdG in UVB-induced human skin damage or carcinogenesis. Normal human skin from three volunteers was exposed to UV radiation, and the time course of induction and removal of 8-OHdG was examined by immunohistochemical analysis with catalysed signal amplification on formalin-fixed paraffin sections. Formation of CPDs and 6–4PPs was also examined by immunostaining on the same skin specimens. Control epidermis with no exposure to UV radiation showed little nuclear staining of 8-OHdG, but an increased level of 8-OHdG was clearly observed in epidermis biopsied after irradiation. Induced 8-OHdG can rapidly be removed from nucleus during the first 24–48 h, as the staining intensity diminished gradually, almost reaching the control level by 72–96 h after irradiation. Staining for CPDs or 6–4PPs revealed induction of these photoproducts in human skin, although 6–4PP-positive cells disappeared more rapidly than those that stained for CPDs or 8-OHdG. Together with protective effect of antioxidants, our results indicate that not only CPDs and 6–4PPs but also 8-OHdG may play a significant part in UV carcinogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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