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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of plasma formation from exploding wires and multiwire arrays using x-ray backlighting : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 667-670 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Plasma formation from exploding individual wires and multiwire arrays, powered by a 450 kA, 100 ns pulsed power generator has been studied with x-ray direct backlighting using one or more X pinches as a source of radiation. Experiments have been carried out with many different wire materials ranging in Z from Al to Au. A point source of x rays is used to cast a shadow image of the object plasma directly on film ("point-projection" backlighting). Spatial resolution in the range 1–5 μm, and temporal resolution of 0.7–2 ns, has been achieved using 2–4 keV x rays from Mo wire X pinches. Different schemes for multiframe imaging are described. We also present observations of micron scale structure on residual dense wire cores 40–70 ns after the start of the current pulse. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149361
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design and operation of a high pulse rate intense ion beam diode (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 3448-3458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Virtually all practical applications for intense ion beams require that the beam pulses be generated at high repetition rates. This paper reports the development of the first high pulse rate, long-lived ion beam diode. It is a magnetically insulated diode which has produced ∼75 keV proton and carbon beam pulses of 1.0–2.5 A/cm2 and 100 ns duration at up to 90 Hz in four pulse bursts. It has also produced 125 keV, 5 A/cm2 Ar beams at a steady 1 pulse per 30 s for over 1000 pulses between failures in many runs. This diode employs a magnetically confined anode plasma ion source, and the high repetition rate pulsed power systems are based upon saturable magnetic switching. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145521
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inductively driven gas-breakdown plasma source for intense ion beam production (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 64 (1993), S. 2737-2745 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A plasma source based on an inductive breakdown of a supersonic gas puff is described. The source was developed to provide an anode plasma for an annular, extraction geometry, magnetically insulated ion diode. In this source, plasmas with densities of 1013 cm−3 were generated and accelerated to velocities of 20–30 cm/μs; plasma fluxes of 10–40 A/cm2 were obtained. Operating the source under the diode insulating field effect, plasma fluxes above 100 A/cm2 were observed. When the plasma source was used in conjunction with a magnetically insulated diode gap, intense ion beams with proton fluxes of more than 100 A/cm2, energies of 100 keV, and beam pulses longer than 1 μs were extracted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144412
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Point-projection x-ray radiography using an X pinch as the radiation source : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 667-670 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Using an X pinch as a source of radiation for point-projection radiography, it is possible to project a high-resolution (1–10 μm) shadow image of dense plasma or test objects onto x-ray-sensitive film. The emission characteristics of X pinches composed of a wide variety of materials have been studied using several diagnostics. The pulse duration and shape of the x-ray bursts were measured in the 1.5–6 keV band using fast diamond PCDs and an x-ray streak camera with sweep speeds as fast as 10 ns for the full sweep (3.5 cm). To investigate the line and continuum radiation emitted by the X pinches, a convex spectrograph using a mica or KAP crystal, and a spectrograph based on a spherically bent mica crystal were used. Summarizing the data, including radiography results, wires known to have slower expansion rates and high boiling temperatures (NiCr, Ti, Nb, Mo, Pd, Ta, W, and Pt) appeared to yield the smallest x-ray source sizes, i.e., gave the best spatial resolution in radiographs and provided subnanosecond time resolution. All of these materials yield intense continuum radiation with energy up to 6 keV, and the highest resolution images are achieved using only the continuum radiation from the X pinch. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1323252
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The x-pinch as a point source of x rays for backlighting : Proceedings of the tenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 779-781 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The fine metal wire x-pinch is a compact source of soft-x-ray emission. Under certain conditions, x rays in the 3–7 keV range are emitted in 〈1 ns bursts from source regions that are 〈10 μm in size. The small size and high intensity of these 3–7 keV sources makes the x-pinch useful as a point source for x-ray backlighting. This capability has been demonstrated by using an x-pinch to produce radiographic images of separate x-pinches and z-pinches. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146219
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal parameters of the X-pinch x-ray source (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 2948-2956 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The X pinch has proved to be an excellent source of 2.5–10 keV radiation for point-projection radiography with spatial resolution of 2 μm or even better. The pulse duration of the x-ray bursts has been investigated for a wide variety of wire materials in the 1.5–10 keV energy range using a set of fast diamond photoconducting detectors with different filters, and using an x-ray streak camera to observe the source through four different filters on each pulse. All wires tested have intense continuum up to at least 6 keV, and the duration of the pulse is shorter for the harder radiation component for all materials. However, there are substantial differences between materials. For example, the pulse duration for Al with filtering for energy ≥1.5 and ≥5 keV are about 1 and 0.5 ns, respectively. By contrast, for Mo with filtering for energy ≥2.5 and ≥5 keV, the pulse durations are about 200 ps and ≤80 ps, respectively. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1379961
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple air wedge shearing interferometer for studying exploding wires : Papers from the thirteenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (2001)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 72 (2001), S. 1098-1100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new type of shearing interferometer using an air wedge is described. This interferometer is based on a beam splitter constructed using two 90-degree prisms. A small air gap, which varies in spacing from top-to-bottom, separates the second prism from the first and forms the air wedge. The single incident laser beam is focused near the gap, and the two primary reflections from the long sides of each prism form the two coherent virtual sources necessary for interferometry. The shift between the two images of the object at the detector, as well as the orientation and frequency of the fringes, can be independently adjusted by altering the air gap thickness and angle, as well as the position of the laser focus in the gap. This interferometry scheme is inexpensive and easily aligned, and has been successfully and reliably used in exploding wire experiments. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1321746
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microwave and ion beam studies of an Applied Bθ diode (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 62 (1987), S. 1655-1670 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A parametric study of microwave radiation emitted from an "applied Bθ'' magnetically insulated ion diode, covering frequencies between 0.3 and 85 GHz, indicates that collective mechanisms are responsible for the 1–10-MW peak output. These collective mechanisms may also be related to the degradation in ion beam quality seen by a scintillator/streak camera diagnostic. This degradation is most apparent when the microwave flux is at its maximum. A deformation of the plasma appears to be the most likely cause of the disturbances seen in the ion beam.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.339589
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Propagation of intense ion beams across a plasma-filled magnetic cusp (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 4095-4101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Preionized plasma has been compared with vacuum and with neutral gas as a medium for the propagation of intense ion beams across magnetic fields. Two cusp-injection ion ring experiments have been used to study the effectiveness of these three cusp-fill media for space-charge neutralization, as shown by the subsequent spreading of the injected rings. In the ion ring experiment a (approximately-less-than)100-ns ion beam was injected into ∼20-eV plasma fills of (approximately-less-than)1012/cm3, giving much better propagation than vacuum, but not as good as 100-mTorr H2 gas. In the long-pulse ion ring experiment with (approximately-greater-than)200-ns beam rise time, plasma fill and vacuum gave similar propagation. The results suggest that for complete neutralization of space charge in ion beams propagating across magnetic fields, background media must be provided to meet certain minimum requirements of conductivity and collisionality which depend upon the beam current and rise time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337794
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    K-shell x-ray yield scaling for aluminum x-pinch plasmas (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 8134-8138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report results from experiments performed to measure and characterize the intense K-shell radiation from aluminum x-pinch plasmas at peak driving currents ranging from 280 kA to 1.0 MA. Single pulse aluminum K-shell (predominantly line radiation at 1.6–2 keV) x-ray yields ranged from 7.6 J at 290 kA to 240 J at 1.0 MA. In the range from 280 to 470 kA, the yield scales with current to the power of 3.6, whereas nonoptimized K-shell yields at 800 kA and 1.0 MA indicate a power of about 3 or higher.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353452
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