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  • Artikel: DFG Deutsche Nationallizenzen  (19)
  • 2015-2019
  • 1995-1999  (19)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1925-1929
  • 1830-1839
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (11)
  • synthesis  (8)
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  • Artikel: DFG Deutsche Nationallizenzen  (19)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 0887-3585
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: A mixed phage library containing random peptides from four to eight residues in length flanked by cysteine residues was screened using a recombinant soluble, form of human ICAM-1, which included residues 1-453, (ICAM-11-453). Phage bound to immobilized ICAM-11-453 were eluted by three methods: (1) soluble ICAM-11-453, (2) neutralizing murine monoclonal antibody, (anti-ICAM-1, M174F5B7), (3) acidic conditions. After three rounds of binding and elution, a single, unique ICAM-1 binding phage bearing the peptide EWCEYLGGYLRYCA was isolated; the identical phage was selected with each method of elution. Attempts to isolate phage from non-constrained (i.e., not containing cysteines) libraries did not yield a phage that bound to ICAM-1. Phage displaying EWCEYLGGYLRCYA bound to immobilized ICAM-11-453 and to ICAM-11-185, a recombinant ICAM-1, which contains only the two amino-terminal immunoglobulin domains residing within residues 1-185. This is the region of the ICAM-1 that is bound by LFA-1. The phage did not bind to proteins other than ICAM-1. The phage bound to two ICAM-1 mutants, which contained amino acid substitutions that dramatically decreased or eliminated the binding to LFA-1. Studies were also performed with the corresponding synthetic peptide. The linear form of the synthetic EWCEYLGGYLRCYA peptide was found to inhibit LFA-1 binding to immobilized ICAM-11-453 in a protein-protein binding assay. By contrast, the disulfide, cyclized, form of the peptide was inactive. The EWCEYL portion of the sequence is homologous to the EWPEYL sequence found within rhinovirus coat protein 14, a nonintegrin protein that binds to ICAM-1. Taken together, the results suggests that the EWCEYLGGYLRCYA sequence is capable to binding to immobilized ICAM-1. Phage display appears to represent a new approach for the identification of peptides that interfere with ICAM-1 binding to β2 integrins. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 45 (1995), S. 219-228 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): formate conversion ; mass spectrometer ; anaerobic conversion ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The dynamics of the anaerobic conversion of formate in a microbial mixed culture taken from an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor was studied using a new stirred micro reactor equipped with a membrane mass spectrometer. The microreactor with a toroidally shaped bottom and pitched blade turbine and a cylindrical flow guide was thermostated and additionally equipped with a pH electrode and pH control. During fed-batch experiments using formate, the dissolved gases (methane, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide), as well as the acid consumption rates for pH control were monitored continuously. Initially and at the end of each experiment, organic acids were analyzed using ion chromatography (IC). It was found that about 50% of the formate was converted to methane via hydrogen and carbon dioxide, 40% gave methane either directly or via acetate. This was calculated from experiments using H13CO3- pulses and measurement of 12CH4 and 13CH4 production rates. About 10% of the formate was converted to lactate, acetate, and propionate, thereby increasing the measured CO2/CH4 production ratio. The nondissociated formic acid was shown to be rate determining. From the relatively high Ks value of 2.5 mmol m-3, it was concluded that formate cannot play an important role in electron transfer. During dynamic feeding of formate, hydrogen concentration always increased to a maximum before decreasing again. This peak was found to be very discriminative during modeling. From the various models set up, only those with two-stage degradation and double Monod kinetics, both for CO2 and hydrogen, were able to describe the experimental data adequately. Additional discrimination was possible with the IC measurement of organic acids. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 57 (1998), S. 127-135 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): membrane mass spectrometer ; kinetic measurements ; anaerobic biofilm ; acetate ; inhibition ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A small, stirred, 14.4-mL tank reactor was designed to serve as a measurement cell for short-term investigation of microbial kinetics. A mass spectrometer membrane probe allowed the measurement of the dissolved gases of hydrogen, methane, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. pH was measured by an electrode and controlled by addition of acid or alkali. The highly sensitive measurement of gases with low solubility allowed rapid measurements at very low conversion. In kinetic experiments, a stepwise increase of substrate concentration (method A) and continuous feed of substrate (method B) were used, allowing quick estimation of substrate kinetics. Acetate conversion in mixed culture biofilms from a fluidized bed reactor was investigated. Substrate inhibition was found to be negligible in the concentration range studied. Experiments at various pH values showed that the undissociated acid form was the kinetic determinant. Kinetic parameters for Haldane kinetics of protons were KSH = 1.3 × 10-5 mol m-3 and KIH = 8.1 × 10-3 mol m-3. With free acid (HAc) as the rate determining species, the kinetic parameters for method A were KSHAc = 0.005 mol m-3 and KIHAc = 100 mol m-3 and for method B were KSHAc = 0.2 mol m-3 and KIHAc = 50 mol m-3. The maximum biomass activity occurred at around pH 6.5. Acetate was exclusively converted to methane and CO2 at pH 〉 6. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 57: 127-135, 1998.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 59 (1998), S. 189-202 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): artificial neural network (ANN) ; microfiltration ; cell harvesting ; membrane fouling ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Microfiltration is an important unit operation in downstream processing. However, due to the influence of membrane fouling, prediction of the filtration performance for biological suspensions is difficult. This paper describes a modeling approach that allows a comprehensive description of filtration performance. On the basis of experimental data and linguistic information, a specific artificial neural network was developed that predicts the process behavior within a certain range of parameters. This approach allows us to analyze influences of fermentation on filtration. By using extensive simulations, the interactions of 17 parameters were examined and the fouling causes determined. The model was developed for cell harvesting of Escherichia coli through a shear-enhanced module. The method can be applied to any cross-flow filtration process. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 59:189-202, 1998.
    Zusätzliches Material: 15 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 58 (1998), S. 554-559 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): directed evolution ; esterase ; epothilon ; Pseudomonas fluorescens ; stereoselectivity ; mutator strain ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The directed evolution of an esterase from Pseudomonas fluorescens using the mutator strain Epicurian coli XL1-Red was investigated. Mutants were assayed for their ability to hydrolyze a sterically hindered 3-hydroxy ester, which can serve as a building block in the synthesis of epothilones. Screening was performed by plating esterase producing colonies derived from mutation cycles onto minimal media agar plates containing indicator substances (neutral red and crystal violet). Esterase-catalyzed hydrolysis of the 3-hydroxy ester (ethyl or glycerol ester) was detected by the formation of a red color due to a pH decrease caused by the released acid. Esterases isolated from positive clones were used in preparative biotransformations of the ethyl ester. One variant containing two mutations (A209D and L181V) stereoselectively hydrolyzed the ethyl ester resulting in 25% ee for the remaining ester. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 58: 554-559, 1998.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): protein stabilization ; urokinase ; denaturation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Stabilization of proteins through proper formulation is an important challenge for the pharmaceutical industry. Two approaches for stabilization of proteins in solution are discussed. First, work describing the effect of additives on the thermally induced denaturation and aggregation of low molecular weight urokinase is presented. The effects of these additives can be explained by preferential exclusion of the solute from the protein, leading to increased thermal stability with respect to denaturation. Diminished denaturation leads to reduced levels of aggregation. The second approach involves stoichiometric replacement of polar counter ions (e.g., chloride, acetate, etc.) with anionic detergents, in a process termed hydrophobic ion pairing (HIP). The HIP complexes of proteins have increased solubility in organic solvents. In these organic solvents, where the water content is limited, the thermal denautration temperatures greatly exceed those observed in aqueous solution. In addition, it is possible to use HIP to selectively precipitate basic proteins from formulations that contain large amounts of stabilizers, such as human serum albumin (HSA), with a selectivity greater than 2000-fold. This has been demonstrated for various mixtures of HSA and interleukin-4. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 621 (1995), S. 457-463 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Ternary halides ; synthesis ; crystal structures ; ionic conductivity ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Ternary Halides of the A3MX6 Type. III [1, 2]. Synthesis, Structures, and Ionic Conductivity of the Halides Na3MX6 (X = Cl, Br)The bromides Na3MBr6 crystallize with the stuffed LiSbF6-type structure (type I; M = Sm—Gd) or with the structure of the mineral cryolite (type II; M = Gd—Lu). The structure types were refined from single crystal X-ray data (Na3SmBr6: trigonal, space group R3, a = 740.8(2) pm, c = 1 998.9(8) pm, Z = 3; Na3YBr6: monoclinic, space group P21/n, a = 721.3(4) pm, b = 769.9(2) pm, c = 1 074.8(4) pm, β = 90.60(4)°, Z = 2). Reversible phase transitions from one structure to the other occur. The phase transition temperatures were determined for the bromides as well as for the chlorides Na3MCl6 (M = Eu—Lu). The refinement of both structures for one compound was possible for Na3GdBr6 (I: trigonal, space group R3, a = 737.1(5) pm, c = 1 887(2) pm, Z = 3; II: monoclinic, space group P21/n, a = 725.2(1) pm, b = 774.1(3) pm, c = 1 080.1(3) pm, β = 90.76(3)°, Z = 2). All compounds exhibit ionic conductivity of the sodium ions which decreases with the change from type I to type II. The conductivity of the bromides is always higher when compared with the respective chlorides.
    Notizen: Die Bromide Na3MBr6 kristallisieren im aufgefüllten LiSbF6-Typ (Typ I; M = Sm—Gd) oder im Kryolith-Typ (Typ II; M = Gd—Lu). Die Strukturen wurden anhand von Einkristalldaten verfeinert (Na3SmBr6: trigonal, Raumgruppe R3, a = 740,8(2) pm, c = 1 998,9(8) pm, Z = 3; Na3YBr6: monoklin, Raumgruppe P21/n, a = 721,3(4) pm, b = 769,9(2) pm, c = 1 074,8(4) pm, β = 90,60(4)°, Z = 2). Beide Strukturen sind reversibel ineinander umwandelbar. Die Umwandlungstemperaturen der Bromide wurden ebenso wie die der Chloride Na3MCl6 (M = Eu—Lu) bestimmt. An Na3GdBr6 wurden beide Strukturen an Einkristallen bestimmt (I: trigonal, Raumgruppe R3, a = 737,1(5) pm, c = 1 887(2) pm, Z = 3; II: monoklin, Raumgruppe P21/n, a = 725,2(1) pm, b = 774,1(3) pm, c = 1 080,1(3) pm, β = 90,76(3)°, Z = 2). Alle Verbindungen zeigen Natrium-Ionenleitfähigkeit, die beim Übergang vom Typ I in den Typ II stark abnimmt. Die Bromide zeigen, verglichen mit den Chloriden, jeweils eine bessere Leitfähigkeit.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 621 (1995), S. 546-549 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Ternary halides ; synthesis ; crystal structures ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Synthesis and Crystal Structures of the Ternary Rare Earth Chlorides NaMCl4 (M = Eu - Yb, Y)Single crystals of NaErCl4 were obtained from the melt of NaCl and ErCl3 (1:1 molar ratio) by slow cooling. It crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system (space group P2/c) with the structure of α-NiWO4 with a = 632.24(9) pm, b = 759.78(9) pm, c = 674.2(1) pm, b̃ = 92.310(3)°, Z = 2. Two preparative routes to pure powder samples of the chlorides NaMCl4 are described. At room temperature, these are found to be isotypic with NaErCl4 (M = Tm - Yb; II) while the triclinic structure of NaGdCl4 is adopted with M = Gd - Ho, Y (I). Phase transitions from one structure to the other are observed for all compounds. The transition temperatures decrease with decreasing size of the ion M3+.
    Notizen: Einkristalle von NaErCl4 erhält man durch langsames Abkühlen einer Schmelze von NaCl und ErCl3 (molares Verhältnis 1:1). NaErCl4-II kristallisiert monoklin (Raumgruppe P2/c) im α-NiWO4-Typ mit a = 632,24(9) pm, b = 759,78(9) pm, c = 674,2(1) pm, b̃ = 92,310(3)°, Z = 2. Zwei Wege zu reinen Pulverproben der Chloride NaMCl4 werden beschrieben. Bei Raumtemperatur sind diese für M = Tm - Yb isotyp zu NaErCl4 (II), mit M = Gd - Ho, Y kristallisieren sie in der triklinen Struktur von NaGdCl4 (I). Beide Modifikationen lassen sich reversibel ineinander umwandeln. Die Umwandlungstemperaturen werden mit abnehmendem Ionenradius von M3+ kleiner.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 622 (1996), S. 593-596 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Reduced halides ; synthesis ; crystal structure ; europium ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: NaEu2Cl6 and Na0.75Eu2Cl6: Mixed Valent Chlorides of Europium with SodiumThe reaction of Na2EuCl5 with Eu metal in sealed gold tubes yields blue single crystals of NaEu2Cl6. It crystallizes with the hexagonal crystal system (space group P63/m) with a = 755.74(8) pm, c = 429.81(5) pm, Z = 1; the structure is closely related to the UCl3-type. Green single crystals of Na0.75Eu2Cl6 were first obtained as a by-product in the synthesis of Na2EuCl5 in evacuated silica tubes and may be prepared by reduction of EuCl3 with sodium. Na0.75Eu2Cl6 crystallizes isotypic to NaEu2Cl6 with a = 753.69(11) pm and c = 416.3(2) pm.
    Notizen: Die Umsetzung von Na2EuCl5 mit Eu-Metall in Goldampullen führt zu blauen Einkristallen von NaEu2Cl6, einem Derivat des UCl3-Typs: Hexagonal, Raumgruppe P63/m, a = 755,74(8) pm, c = 429,81(5) pm, Z = 1. Grüne Einkristalle von Na0,75Eu2Cl6 wurden erstmals als Nebenprodukt bei der Synthese von Na2EuCl5 in evakuierten Quarzglasampullen erhalten, können jedoch auch durch gezielte Reduktion von EuCl3 mit Natrium gewonnen werden. Na0,75Eu2Cl6 ist isotyp mit NaEu2Cl6 mit a = 753,69(11) pm und c = 416,3(2) pm.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 623 (1997), S. 79-83 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Schlagwort(e): Crystal structure ; synthesis ; ammine complexes ; fluoride ; zirconium ; hafnium ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the Fluoride-Ammine Complexes Zr(NH3)F4 and Hf(NH3)F4Colourless, easily cleavable single crystals of Zr(NH3)F4 and Hf(NH3)F4 without special shape are obtained by oxidation of zirconium and hafnium metal powder with NH4HF2 (molar ratio 1 : 2) in sealed Monel ampoules at reaction temperatures of 380-450°C. The two fluorideammine complexes crystallize isotypically in the triclinic space group P1 (no. 2) with a = 601.4(1)/597.8(8) pm [Zr(NH3F4)/Hf(NH3)F4], b = 802.8(2)/800.6(12) pm, c = 862.3(2)/860.8(8) pm, α = 106.39(1)/106.19(10)°, β = 104.25(1)/104.51(9)°, γ = 106.83(1)/106.69(11)°, Z = 4. Bicapped trigonal prisms [M(NH3)F7] are connected via edges and corners to form corrugated layers that are held together by hydrogen bonding.
    Notizen: Farblose, leicht spaltbare Einkristalle von Zr(NH3)F4 und Hf(NH3)F4 ohne ausgeprägten Habitus erhält man durch Oxidation von Zirconium- bzw. Hafnium-Metallpulver mit NH4HF2 (molares Verhältnis 1:2) in verschweißten Monelampullen bei Reaktionstemperaturen von 380-450°C. Die beiden Ammoniakate kristallisieren isotyp in der triklinen Raumgruppe P1 (Nr. 2) mit a = 601,4(1)/597,8(8) pm [Zr(NH3)F4/Hf(NH3)F4], b = 802,8(2)/800,6(I2) pm, c = 862,3(2)/860,8(8) pm, α = 106,39(1)/106,19(10)°, β = 104,25(1)/104,51(9)°, γ = 106,83(1)/106,69(11)°, Z = 4. Es liegen zweifach bekappte trigonale Prismen [M(NH3)F7] (M = Zr, Hf) vor, die über gemeinsame Kanten und Ecken zu gewellten Schichten verknüpft sind, die ihrerseits über Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen zusammengehalten werden.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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