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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (24)
  • 2000-2004  (15)
  • 1970-1974  (9)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 23 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— We have confirmed the finding of Takahashi & Aprison (J. Neurochem.11, 887-898, 1964) that more acetylcholine is found in brains of rats killed by near-freezing compared to decapitation. The radioenzymic assays for acetylcholine and choline of Shea & Aprison (Analyt. Biochem.56, 165-177, 1973) and Goldberg & McCaman (J- Neurochem.20, 1 8, 1973) were used to measure both compounds and gave very similar results. The larger amount of ACh was observed both in powders of frozen rat brain and in homogenates prepared from animals killed by near-freezing. When subcellular fractionation of the homogenates was done in the presence of eserine, the larger amount of ACh was found in the soluble fraction (S2). These results indicated that with the near-freezing method, an extra amount of ACh is preserved in a form that is originally protected from acetylcholinesterase but that becomes esterase-sensitive on fractionation since no differences were observed in P1. P2 or S2 fractions when no eserine was present. The amounts of choline in homogenates and subcellular fractions were also measured after both methods of killing. Differences in the method of killing and postmortem changes which affect the choline values obtained are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 18 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— The effects of high circulating concentrations of several amino acids on the free amino acids of rat brain were measured, to see whether or not the results followed any consistent pattern. High circulating concentrations of large, neutral amino acids (phenylalanine, valine or isoleucine) caused significantly decreased values only of other large, neutral amino acids in the brains. High circulating concentrations of the basic amino acids lysine or arginine caused significantly decreased values only of each other. The data suggest that there are separate systems for the transport of neutral and basic amino acids across the blood-brain barrier. The effects of valine and lysine on the uptake by brain and the con-vulsant action of allylglycine (a neutral amino acid) were consistent with the concept of separate systems for the transport of amino acids across the blood-brain barrier. Valine inhibited the uptake by brain and the convulsant action of allylglycine in mice, but lysine did not. The data suggest that allylglycine and valine are transported into the brain by a common mechanism that does not transport lysine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 20 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aim : To compare the safety and efficacy of pantoprazole and ranitidine in maintaining erosive oesophagitis healing.Methods : Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease patients (349) with endoscopically documented healed erosive oesophagitis (grade 0 or 1) were randomly assigned to receive pantoprazole (10, 20 or 40 mg/q.d.s.) or ranitidine (150 mg/b.d.). Erosive oesophagitis status was assessed endoscopically at months 1, 3, 6 and 12 or when relapse symptoms appeared (relapse = reappearance of erosive oesophagitis grade 2 within 12 months). Symptom-free days were also assessed.Results : Pantoprazole 20- and 40-mg were significantly more effective than ranitidine in maintaining healing regardless of initial erosive oesophagitis grade. Response was dose-related. After 12 months 78, 55, 46 and 21% of patients remained healed (40-, 20-, 10-mg pantoprazole and ranitidine). Pantoprazole 40-mg produced significantly more symptom-free days (83%) than ranitidine (58%). Heartburn-free days/nights were significantly higher with pantoprazole 40-mg (92 and 93%) than ranitidine (73 and 77%). The most frequent reason for discontinuation, unsatisfactory efficacy, occurred most often with ranitidine (P 〈 0.001).Conclusion : Once-daily pantoprazole therapy prevented relapse of healed erosive oesophagitis more effectively than ranitidine and with fewer heartburn days. Response to pantoprazole was dose-related. Pantoprazole 40-mg was the most effective regimen and consistent in maintaining erosive oesophagitis healing with a good safety and tolerability profile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 15 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: : Gastric acid production may persist while patients are treated with proton pump inhibitors. Twenty-four-hour intragastric pH monitoring is being used to identify gastric acid in the stomach while on medical therapy.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aim: To identify the optimal region of the stomach to demonstrate the presence of gastric acid.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Method: Probe locations confirmed with fluoroscopy after placement and prior to removal. In experiment 1, five volunteers underwent simultaneous, 24-h gastro-oesophageal pH monitoring with the pH sensors located in the gastric antrum, body, fundus and distal oesophagus. In experiment 2, five volunteers underwent simultaneous 24-h pH monitoring with sensors located side by side in the gastric fundus assessing the reproducibility of gastric pH in this region. In experiment 3, 35 volunteers underwent 24-h pH monitoring with pH sensors located in the distal oesophagus and gastric fundus. The mean percentage time for which pH 〈 4 was calculated for total, upright, and supine time periods. Results: pH profiles for the gastric fundus and body are similar—the mean percentage total time for which pH 〈 4 was 92.2% and 90.1%, respectively (P=N.S.). These values are significantly different from the antrum; pH 〈 4=54.6% (P 〈 0.01). pH values from the gastric fundus are highly reproducible (linear regression P= 0.004, r2=0.96). The normal values (mean ± 95th percentile) for percentage time gastric pH 〈 4 in the fundus were: total 95.6 ± 1.5%, upright 94.8 ± 1.8%, and supine 96.5 ± 2.3%.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusion: The fundus is the optimal location to evaluate the presence of gastric acid; pH values are highly reproducible in this area. Normal values for percentage time gastric pH 〈 4 for a healthy population are now defined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 53 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: This paper describes the movement of anions and cations through soils at the regional scale using block-scale and regional simulations of one-dimensional ion transport through cultivated soils. The simulations were based on field experiments in a region of about 10 km2 in Lower Saxony, Germany. Transport was modelled with the convection–dispersion equation, and the cation exchange was described using the Gapon equation. We evaluated the spatial variation of cation exchange parameters, obtained estimates valid at the block scale, and simulated the one-dimensional transport of anions and cations. The movement of anions and cations was simulated over blocks using effective transport parameters calculated from local transport parameters. The approach led to a good agreement between measured and predicted concentrations of Br–, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ on four different 1 ha blocks. However, the mean concentrations of K+ in the soil solution in the uppermost horizons could not be described satisfactorily by the model. For the regional simulations, transport and exchange parameters were estimated by block kriging. All variograms of the exchange parameters were spatially structured with correlation lengths varying from 100 m to 300 m. Results of the regional simulations imply that Cl– and K+ were transported substantially deeper in the southern part than in the northern part of the area. The transport depth of the ions strongly depended on the pore water velocities. The simulation of solute transport to the water table showed the influence of the depth of water table on the estimated travel times, superimposing the influence of the transport parameters in the region. The results of the regional simulations also emphasize the importance of careful fertilization, especially in regions with shallow water tables such as in the north of the area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Aims: Accurate tumour classification is critical for meaningful epidemiological studies in the assessment of cancer incidence rates and trends. Differentiating primary gastric carcinoma from oesophageal carcinoma can be difficult, especially when tumours are large and involve both the oesophagus and stomach. Furthermore, adenocarcinomas of both organs typically are of intestinal histological type and arise in a background of intestinal metaplasia. Consequently, histological markers that reliably distinguish Barrett's-related oesophageal adenocarcinoma from gastric adenocarcinoma would be useful. Cytokeratins (CK)7 and 20 are cytoplasmic structural proteins with restricted expression that help to determine the origin of many epithelial tumours including those of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to determine the utility of co-ordinate CK7 and 20 expression in the distinction of Barrett's-related oesophageal adenocarcinoma from gastric adenocarcinoma arising in a background of intestinal metaplasia.Methods and results: CK7 and 20 immunostaining was performed on randomly selected surgical resection specimens from patients with Barrett's-related oesophageal adenocarcinoma (n = 30) and intestinal type gastric adenocarcinoma (n = 14) arising in a background of intestinal metaplasia. A CK7+ CK20- immunophenotype was demonstrated in 27 of 30 (90%) patients with Barrett's-related oesophageal adenocarcinoma and only three of 14 (21%) gastric adenocarcinomas. The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of a CK7+/20– immunophenotype for a diagnosis of Barrett's-related oesophageal adenocarcinoma was 90%, 79%, and 90%, respectively.Conclusions: A CK7+/20– tumour immunophenotype is associated with Barrett's-related oesophageal adenocarcinoma and may be useful in accurate tumour classification, thus facilitating improving epidemiological evaluation of tumours at the oesophagogastric junction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 51 (1973), S. 143-144 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Intestinal alkaline phosphatase ; bone alkaline phosphatase ; hyperthyroidism ; Alkalische Dünndarmphosphatasen ; alkalische Knochenphosphatasen ; Hyperthyreose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Parallel zu tierexperimentellen Befunden, daß Thyroxingaben zu einer erhöhten Enzymkonzentration alkalischer Phosphatasen im Dünndarmgewebe führen, konnte im Serum von 50 hyperthyreoten Patienten eine Vermehrung intestinaler alkalischer Phosphatasen nachgewiesen werden. Damit tragen neben der deutlichen Zunahme von Isoenzymen ossären Ursprungs als Folge reaktiv gesteigerter Osteoblastentätigkeit auch intestinale alkalische Phosphatasen zu der bei einer Hyperthyreose häufig zu findenden Erhöhung der Serumgesamtaktivität bei. Die angeführten Befunde sollten daher für die differentialdiagnostische Wertung des klinisch-chemischen Parameters „Gesamtaktivität der alkalischen Phosphatase im Serum“ bei der Hyperthyreose berücksichtigt werden.
    Notes: Summary According to experimental results showing increased alkaline phosphatase concentrations in the small intestine of hyperthyroid rats, elevated intestinal alkaline phosphatase serum levels were observed in hyperthyroid patients with normal liver function. Therefore, an elevation of total serum alkaline phosphatase activity in hyperthyroidism is not only due to the main increase of bone phosphatase activity but also to an increase of intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Der Chirurg 71 (2000), S. 1098-1106 
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter: Femur ; Pseudarthrose ; Revisionschirurgie ; Versagen primärer Osteosynthesen ; Keywords: Femur ; Pseudarthrosis ; Fracture care ; Failure of primary implants ; Revision procedures.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract. Between 1981 and 1994 at the Bergmannsheil Ruhr University Hospital in Bochum, Germany, we treated 145 patients with femoral diaphyseal nonunions following initial operative treatment. Of these patients, 138 received this initial operative treatment at an outside institution. The primary reconstructions for the fractures utilized plates in 112 cases, reamed nails in 24 cases and external fixators in 9 cases. The average age of the patients was 35 years and the mean time from the initial operative treatment was 2 years. Twenty-seven patients (19 %) presented with a hypertrophic nonunion and 118 (81 %) with an atrophic nonunion. There was a significant correlation between primary “classic” plating and development of an atrophic nonunion (χ 2-test: P 〈 0.01). We observed 34 wound infections (23 %) with no significant correlation to the type of primary osteosynthesis. We determined that 73 of the pseudarthroses were due to improper osteosynthesis techniques. Of these cases, 41 % involved the use of plates, 83 % involved the use of reamed nails, and 78 % involved the use of external fixators. Fracture location near the diaphyseal-metaphyseal junctions was common in this problematic group. Ninety-two percent of all plates led to atrophic nonunions. There were 21 open fractures and of these 90 % (n = 19) developed an atrophic pseudarthrosis and 29 % (n = 6) developed a wound infection. Fifty-seven (39 %) of all patients had additional injuries, but we found that did not increase the risk of disturbed bone healing. Our revision operations focused on the elimination of wound infections, refreshment of bone healing, and improvement in fragment stability. Only 28 % of all “classic” plates and 11 % of all external fixators were changed to an intramedullary implant at the time of the first revision surgery. Hypertrophic nonunions required a mean of 1.3 revision operations to achieve bone healing whereas a mean of 2 revision operations were necessary to fuse atrophic bone ends (P 〈 0.05). In cases of diaphyseal pseudarthrosis healing time was not affected by the type of osteosynthesis used for primary reconstructions. Since lack of fracture healing can often already be observed directly from postoperative X-rays, we recommend that revision procedures be performed early. The prolonged length of time to care for femoral nonunions underlines the importance of appropriate primary fracture treatment. That takes into consideration both the biomechanical and the biological aspects of bone healing.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung. Zwischen 1981 und 1994 wurden an der Chirurgischen Universitätsklinik Bergmannsheil 145 Patienten mit diaphysären Femurpseudarthrosen behandelt. Die Primärosteosynthesen setzten sich aus 112 Plattenanlagen (77 %), 24 Marknagelungen (17 %) und 9 Fixateur externen (6 %) zusammen. Das Durchschnittsalter betrug 35 Jahre, die mittlere Behandlungsdauer 2 Jahre. 27 Patienten (19 %) hatten eine hypertrophe und 118 (81 %) eine atrophe Pseudarthrosenform. Zwischen den primären „klassischen“ Plattenosteosynthesen und der Häufigkeit areaktiver Heilungsstörungen bestand ein hoch signifikanter Zusammenhang (χ 2-Test: p 〈 0,01). 34 Wundinfektionen (23 %) nach dem Ersteingriff verteilten sich prozentual gleichmäßig auf alle Implantate. Als Ursache der Pseudarthrosenentwicklung sahen wir biomechanisch unzureichende Primärosteosynthesen bei insgesamt 73 Patienten (50 %), 41 % der Platten, 83 % der Marknägel und 78 % der Fixateure. Die metaphysennahen Schaftfrakturen waren hierdurch signifikant häufiger betroffen. Der Anteil an areaktiven Pseudarthrosen nach vorangegangener Plattenosteosynthese betrug 92 % (n = 103). Von 21 offenen Schaftfrakturen entwickelten 90 % (n = 19) eine avitale Pseudarthrose und insgesamt 29 % (n = 6) einen Wundinfekt. Zusätzliche Verletzungen lagen nur bei 39 % (n = 57) der Behandelten vor und hatten für die Pseudarthrosenentwicklung keine Bedeutung. Die Revisionseingriffe zielten auf eine Infektbehandlung, Revitalisation und Stabilitätsverbesserung ab. Der Verfahrenswechsel zum Marknagel erfolgte während der Erstrevision nur bei 28 % der Platten und 11 % der Fixateure. Während hypertrophe Pseudarthrosen schon nach durchschnittlich 1,3 Revisionen ausheilten, waren bei den areaktiven Störungen im Mittel 2 Wiederholungseingriffe notwendig (p 〈 0,05). Die Heilungsdauer von Pseudarthrosen nach Plattenanlage unterschied sich nicht wesentlich von der nach primärer, gebohrter Marknagelung. Da die sich abzeichnende Knochenheilungsstörung häufig schon auf den unmittelbaren postoperativen Röntgenbildern antizipiert werden kann, empfehlen wir notwendige Folgeeingriffe deutlich frühzeitiger durchzuführen. Der lange Behandlungsverlauf unterstreicht die Bedeutung adäquater Frakturversorgungen unter Berücksichtigung biologischer Heilungsvorgänge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Berlin : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Deutsche Zeitschrift für Philosophie. 21:9 (1973) 1080 
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 05.50.+q Lattice theory and statistics (Ising, Potts, etc.) – 75.10.Jm Quantized spin models – 75.50.Dd Nonmetallic ferromagnetic materials
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract: In this paper finite bcc lattices are defined by a triple of vectors in two different ways - upper triangular lattice form and compact form. In Appendix A are lists of some 260 distinct and useful bcc lattices of 9 to 32 vertices. The energy and magnetization of the S = 1/2 XY ferromagnet have been computed on these bcc lattices in the lowest states for S z = 0, 1/2, 1 and 3/2. These data are studied statistically to fit the first three terms of the appropriate finite lattice scaling equations. Our estimates of the T = 0 energy and magnetization agree very well with spin wave and series expansion estimates.
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