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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (59)
  • 1995-1999  (58)
  • 1925-1929  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleic Acid Related Compounds. 87. Nucleophilic Functionalization of Cytidine and 2'-Deoxycytidine Derivatives via Elaboration of the 4-Amino Group into a Readily Displaced 1,2,4-Triazol-4-yl Substituent (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 60 (1995), S. 7066-7069 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00126a078
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleic Acid-Related Compounds. 88. Efficient Conversions of Ribonucleosides into Their 2',3'-Anhydro, 2'(and 3')-Deoxy, 2',3'-Didehydro-2',3'-dideoxy, and 2',3'-Dideoxynucleoside Analogs (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of organic chemistry 60 (1995), S. 7902-7908 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6904
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00129a034
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of post-pattern annealing on the grain structure and reliability of Al-based interconnects (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 8330-8335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The possibility is addressed of improving the electromigration resistance of Al and Al–Cu thin-film conductors with "quasi-bamboo'' structures by post-pattern anneals that decrease the maximum polygranular segment length. Pure Al, Al–2Cu, and Al–2Cu–1Si lines were patterned and annealed at temperatures high enough to stimulate grain growth. Appropriate anneals led to predominantly bamboo structures with short polygranular segments. These grain structures had a high median time to failure with a relatively low deviation of the time to failure. Metallographic analyses showed that polygranular segment length was a dominant factor in determining the failure site. Post-pattern annealing promotes a preferential shortening of the relatively long polygranular segments that cause early failures. However, even after annealing, failure occurred at the longest residual polygranular segments, even when these were significantly shorter than the "Blech length'' under the test conditions. Statistical analysis of the failure of alloy lines revealed a simple exponential relation between the failure time and the longest polygranular segment length within a line, which is functionally identical to that previously found for lines tested in the as-patterned condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362545
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic analysis of glucose transporter trafficking in fibroblasts and adipocytes (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 15523-15531 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00047a018
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of electromigration-induced edge drift in Al–Cu thin-film interconnects (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 1592-1598 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This article employs a one-dimensional diffusion model to study the phenomenon of electromigration-induced edge drift in a finite, Al–Cu thin-film conductor. Edge drift is caused by the accumulation of vacancies at the negative (upstream) terminal of the conductor as Al diffuses with the electrical current. When the Cu content exceeds its solubility limit, grain boundaries are decorated with Al2Cu precipitates, which must be dissolved before significant Al diffusion occurs. Assuming one-dimensional flow in a homogeneous, polygranular film, we compute the rate of growth of the precipitate-free zone at the upstream terminal, and estimate the incubation time for the onset of edge drift. The results predict an incubation time that increases with the grain size and the initial Cu content, and decreases with the square of the current density. The incubation time is inversely proportional to the "electromigration diffusivity", DE=DBCuδZCu*, the product of the grain boundary diffusivity of Cu, the effective grain boundary thickness, and the effective valence of the Cu ion. The results are used to compare a number of prior experimental studies, which are shown (with one exception) to produce consistent values for DE. An analysis of the experimental results suggests that edge drift begins almost as soon as the precipitate-free zone length exceeds the "Blech length" for the line, suggesting that the presence of Al2Cu precipitates in the grain boundaries is essential to retard Al electromigration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365948
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum markers for Down's syndrome in women who have had in vitro fertilisation: implications for antenatal screening (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 106 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To examine the Down's syndrome screening positive rate among in vitro fertilisation (IVF) pregnancies, we measured second trimester serum marker levels in singleton IVF pregnancies (cases) and in five non–IVF pregnancies (controls) matched to each case for gestational age, age of mother, and duration of storage of the serum sample. There were 151 IVF pregnancies in which alpha fetoprotein, unconjugated oestriol (uE3), free β–human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and total hCG were measured, 104 IVF pregnancies in which free α-hCG was measured, and 39 IVF pregnancies in which inhibin A was measured. Median uE3 levels were 6% lower (P= 0.003), median free β–hCG 9% higher (P= 0.024), and median total hCG 14% higher (P= 0.026) in IVF pregnancies compared with controls. The screen positive rate in the IVF pregnancies (28%) was about twice as high as that in controls (17%). High hCG levels may be explained by progesterone remaining high in IVF pregnancies. The low uE3 levels remain unexplained. In Down's syndrome screening in IVF pregnancies hCG and uE3 values should be adjusted to avoid the high screen positive rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1999.tb08186.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of SCR, EEG, and ERP activity in an oddball paradigm with short interstimulus intervals (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Psychophysiology 36 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Studies of concurrent central, and autonomic activity using a conventional event-related potential (ERP) oddball paradigms, are considered useful in elucidating the relationship between central and autonomic responses, but the autonomic response tends to overlap. A new method was used to decompose and score overlapping skin conductance responses (SCR). This method enabled examination of dynamic relationships of phasic SCR, prestimulus electroencephalogram (EEG), and ERP to auditory target stimuli in 50 normal adults. SCR amplitude was negatively correlated to EEG and N200 amplitude. The SCR amplitude changes over time exhibited an exponential decline opposite to those of N200, alpha, and beta. All the fitted exponential functions had a time constant of 1–2 min. The findings suggest that a N200 component, active in the auditory sensory discrimination, is concomitant with the SCR. The narrow range of the time constant may provide a clue to the conjoint processes underlying central and autonomic adaptive functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-8986.3650543
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High continuous wave output power InGaAs/InGaAsP/InGaP diode lasers: Effect of substrate misorientation (1995)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 2901-2903 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: 3 W cw output power has been obtained from aluminum-free, strained-layer double-quantum well (DQW) InGaAs/InGaAsP/InGaP uncoated, 100-μm-wide stripe diode lasers (λ=0.945 μm) grown by low-pressure MOCVD on exact (100) GaAs substrates. The combination of high-band-gap (1.62 eV) InGaAsP confinement layers and the DQW structure provides relatively weak temperature dependence for both the threshold current Ith as well as the external differential quantum efficiency ηd. Furthermore, the series electrical resistance for 100 μm×600 μm stripe-contact devices is as low as 0.12 Ω. As a result, the power conversion efficiency reaches a maximum of 40% at 8×Ith, and decreases to only 33% at the maximum power (i.e., 3 W) at 28×Ith. Low-temperature (12 K) photoluminescence measurements of InGaAs/InGaAsP quantum-well structures exhibit narrow linewidths (〈10 meV) for material grown on exact (100) GaAs substrates, while growths on misoriented substrates exhibit linewidth broadening, as a result of "step bunching.'' Laser structures grown on misoriented substrates exhibit increased temperature sensitivity of both Ith and ηd, compared with structures grown on exact (100) substrates. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.114836
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scattering aligned NO+ on Ag(111): The effect of internuclear-axis direction on NO− and O− product formation (1995)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 102 (1995), S. 4996-5011 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hyperthermal energy reactions of NO+ with Ag(111) were studied as a function of collision energy and the incident diatom's internuclear-axis direction. Laser photoselection via (1+1') resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) prepared an aligned distribution of NO+(X 1Σ+, Etrans, v=0, J) prior to the molecules impact with the surface. The emergence of scattered O− products was enhanced when NO+ approached the surface with an "end-on'' rather than a "side-on'' orientation. Moreover, the magnitude of the reaction's alignment preference increased with decreasing collision energy. The appearance threshold for O− was approximately 20 eV. Classical trajectory calculations demonstrated that these results are consistent with a collision-induced dissociation mechanism mediated by both vibrational and rotational excitation upon impact. Reorientation of the internuclear axis during the collision drastically affects the simulated dissociation dynamics. No alignment preference for scattered NO− emergence could be discerned from the experiments. As a complement, the angular momentum mechanics are provided to predict the internuclear-axis distribution of ions created via two-photon REMPI. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.469550
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GRAPE JUICE AS AN EXTENDER AND SWEETENER FOR BLUEBERRY DRINKS (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food quality 22 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4557
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Blueberry juice has a strong flavor and low sugar content, but does not make an affordable, palatable drink unless mixed with water or another juice. This study investigated characteristics of blueberry juice blended with Concord, Reliance, Sunbelt, and Venus grape juices, and Thompson Seedless concentrate (TSC), The blends were evaluated by a trained sensory panel for the attributes of blueberry flavor, color, and aroma, and for astringency, body, and sweetness. Intensity of blueberry-related sensory attributes increased with increased concentration of blueberry juice for all two-way juice beverage blends. Blends sweetened with high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) as opposed to TSC were perceived as significantly different in triangle testing. In three-way blends of blueberry, Concord, and water, replacing HFCS with TSC as a sweetener, and increasing the percentage of blueberry and Concord juice increased intensity ratings for blueberry aroma, and the effects were additive. For the attributes of body, color, flavor, and sweetness, changing sweeteners had no effect, but increasing the percentage of blueberry and Concord grape juice increased the intensity ratings for these characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4557.1999.tb00557.x
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