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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (29)
  • 1990-1994  (12)
  • 1985-1989  (14)
  • 1980-1984  (3)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (29)
Material
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 64 (1992), S. 289-292 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Deterrence ; oral dosing ; toxicity ; diet breadth ; Hypera brunneipennis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A variety of plant secondary compounds, several of which are quite widespread in nature were tested for their deterrence to the specialist coleopteran Hypera brunneipennis (Boheman) in short-term behavioral assays. The compounds were nicotine, quinine, sparteine, hordenine, linamarin, amygdalin, sinigrin, morin, juglone, chlorogenic acid, digitonin, mimosine, diosgenin, rutin and ursolic acid. Nine of these were then tested for their post-ingestional effects over one to two weeks of adult life, using fecundity as a measure of the effects. In only one case was there any indication of a detrimental effect or any trend suggesting one. The evolutionary implications of these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: diet mixing ; foraging ; generalist ; grasshopper ; plant-insect interaction ; omnivory ; Brachystola magna ; Taeniopoda eques
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The foraging behavior of a cryptic romaleine grasshopper was observed in its natural habitat in southern Arizona. Individual polyphagy, dietary mixing, and the pattern of feeding on different substrates were monitored. Individuals were found to be extreme generalists with surprising levels of feeding on other insects. Differences in the foraging behavior between grasshopper species are discussed in relation to the habitat, the season, and the different defensive strategies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: potato tuber moth ; Phthorimaea opercullela ; host plant ; larval dispersal ; feeding ; behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A study was made of neonate larvae of Phthorimaea operculella.Host finding from soil-laid eggs and dispersal from hosts and nonhosts were first examined. Of first-instar larvae hatching from soil-laid eggs, 80% found the potato plant while roughly 50% found each of the other three plants (datura, tobacco, and tomato). Dispersal from potato, datura, and tobacco was very low, while on tomato it was higher and a high mortality was observed in the 24 h period. Dispersal from nonhost plants was high. Behavior on leaves of hosts and non-hosts is described and some host-plant specific behaviors are identified. Effects on behavior of some of the physical and chemical factors are described. Methylene dichloride extracts of potato leaf wax reduced locomotion rates and the number of turns during locomotion. Also methylene dichloride extract and, to a lesser extent, methanol extract caused biting behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 8 (1994), S. 161-180 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: plant secondary compound ; Schistocerca americana ; diets ; food mixing ; feeding behavior ; feeding patterns
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Plant secondary compounds can prevent feeding by phytophagous insects or, if ingested, can be poisonous to them. Less attention has been paid to the additional effects they have on feeding behavior when they are only weakly deterrent or not deterrent at all. Experiments were carried out on the generalist grass-hopperSchistocerca americana. Individuals were presented either with two cakes of high-quality artificial food with a single deterrent compound added or with two cakes, each with a different added deterrent compound. The deterrents consisted of single plant secondary compounds that were either marginally or strongly deterrent. There were profound differences in feeding behavior between those individuals given identical and those given different cake types, including longer feeding bouts on single cakes when a choice of different cake types was available. The behavioral effects demonstrate that the presence of secondary compounds in one food can influence the patterns of feeding on other available foods and suggest that such chemicals could impact foraging activities in a complex manner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Schistocerca ; grasshopper ; learning ; aversion ; novelty ; polyphagy ; dietary mixing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Schistocerca americanasixth-instar nymphs were examined for a change in diet acceptance, in which insects experiencing an unfavorable diet subsequently become predisposed to eat relatively less of that diet and more of diets with a novel flavor than they would had they previously fed on a more adequate diet. Insects were pretreated for 4 h on either low-protein (2 % wet wt) or higherprotein (4%) artificial diets flavored with a plant secondary compound (tomatine or rutin). They were then offered, in choice or no-choice tests, the lowprotein diet with the familiar or a novel (tomatine, rutin, or NHT) flavor. When tomatine was the familiar and rutin the novel flavor in a no-choice test, the insects previously fed low-protein diets took relatively long meals on the novel and relatively short meals on the familiar diets compared with the insects that had previously eaten higher-protein diets. A similar, but in this case considerably less pronounced and statistically nonsignificant, pattern existed in the reciprocal design experiment in which rutin was the familiar and tomatine the novel flavor. Similarly, insects fed low-protein diets flavored with rutin subsequently showed an increased relative preference for the novel flavor (NHT) in a choice test, compared with the high protein-pretreated insects. It is concluded that insects fed protein-deficient diets may subsequently show a preference for novel foods through different mechanisms, the importance of which may differ in different circumstances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 60 (1991), S. 19-28 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Schistocerca americana ; rutin ; grasshopper ; phagostimulant ; phenolic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Rutin was demonstrated to be a phagostimulant for the grasshopper Schistocerca americana across a very wide concentration range. The effect was not maintained over a period of days if the insects had already ingested a large amount, but when individuals were given different concentrations on disks as supplements to their lettuce diet, they tended to self select a moderate quantity on a daily basis. In long term experiments on food utilization and growth rates using artificial diet, no beneficial effects of rutin could be demonstrated. Ingested rutin was absorbed and some of it deposited in the cuticle. Most was excreted as the aglycone quercetin. The possible functional significance of the phagostimulatory effect is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 215-222 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Behavior ; learning ; leaf surface ; wax ; insects ; food selection ; secondary compounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Direct observations on the feeding behavior of insect herbivores are uncommon, but important. The important aspects of host-plant selection by phytophagous insects that have been revealed by such observations are the role of chemicals in the leaf surface, and learning. There are few detailed reports of behavior at the leaf surface, but these indicate that many, if not all, insects exhibit behavior pattenrs that can be interpreted as an examination of the quality of the surface and acceptance or rejection may follow without further testing. A number of experiments show that chemicals from the leaf surface commonly contribute to the acceptability or otherwise of a plant and in most cases so far the active chemicals are of widespread occurrence, not having a specific association with the host plant. Some experiments show that the association between surface chemicals and plant palatability is learned, but in other cases there is evidence of an innate response. Habituation to deterrent chemicals has been demonstrated in the laboratory, but not in the field. Food aversion learning also occurs and may be important in dietary switching by polyphagous insects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 37 (1985), S. 89-94 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Schistocerca gregaria ; insect host choice ; insect water balance ; physiology of preference
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étude a porté sur les bases physiologiques de la régulation comportementale de l'équilibre hydrique par alimentation différentielle chez S. gregaria. Les teneurs en eau (pourcentage du poids du corps) et les volumes d'hémolymphe des criquets ayant eu la possibilité de moduler leur apport en eau en conssommant des aliments à forte teneur en eau (frais) ou à faible teneur (secs), étaient intermédiaires entre ceux des criquets ayant l'un ou l'autre exclusivement. Les criquets, ayant uniquement des aliments frais avant des expériences sans choix, ont présenté des temps de latence prolongés et des repas relativement brefs sur aliments frais, et des temps de latence brefs et des repas abondants sur aliments secs; les résultats ont été inversés quand l'alimentation préalable était sur nourriture sèche. Ces résultats sont partiellement simulés par des altérations du volume et de la pression osmotique de l'hémolymphe. L'augmentation de la concentration de l'hémolymphe entraîne des repas moins abondants sur aliments frais et secs, vraisemblablement par suite de signaux de satiété. L'augmentation du volume en ajoutant 75 μl de solution physiologique n'a pas modifié la taille du repas sur les deux types d'aliments, mais la dilution de l'hémolymphe par un volume égal d'eau distillée a induit des repas plus importants sur aliment sec, et plus petit sur aliment frais. Une augmentation de volume plus importante, de 150 μl, réduisait la taille du repas sur aliment frais, mais pas sur aliment sec. Le prélèvement d'environ 75 μl d'hémolymphe a été sans effet; mais, combiné avec l'augmentation de la pression osmotique, il a réduit la taille du repas sur aliment sec (comme l'augmentation de la pression osmotique seule), mais a augmenté la taille du repas sur aliment frais. Ce dernier résultat est semblable à ceux obtenus lors des études du déterminisme de l'abreuvement. La discussion porte sur la relation entre le contrôle de l'absorption de l'eau et des aliments.
    Notes: Abstract The physiological factors responsible for behavioral regulation of water balance by differential feeding in Schistocerca gregaria were investigated. Locusts given the option to regulate their water intake by feeding on high-water content (wet) food or low-water content (dry) food had values for percent body water and hemolymph volumes intermediate between those for locusts given either food exclusively. Locusts given wet food only prior to no-choice tests had relatively small meals and long latencies to feed on wet food and large meals and short latencies to feed on dry food. Increasing volume by adding 75 μl normal saline did not alter meal size on either food, while locusts given dry food prior to testing had the opposite behavior. Increasing hemolymph concentration led to smaller meals on both wet and dry food, but diluting the hemolymph by an equal volume of distilled water resulted in larger meals on dry food and smaller meals on wet food. Removing an equal volume of hemolymph had no effect, but combining hemolymph removal with increased osmotic pressure reduced the meal size on dry food and increased meal size on wet food.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 28 (1980), S. 158-166 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Wachstum und Entwicklung von 15 Acridoidea-Arten wurde studiert und zwar mit und ohne Zugabe von Tanninsäure zur Nahrung in Konzentrationen bis zu 20% Trockensubstanz. In keinem Fall wurde die Verdauung beeinträchtigt; nur in den hohen Konzentrationen wurde die Futteraufnahme gesichert vermindert. Polyphage Arten zeigten keine ungünstige Effekte, und bei zwei Arten wirkte Tannin günstig. Dagegen wurde bei grasfressenden Heuschrecken das Wachstum reduziert, und die Überlebensrate war gering. Der Unterschied liegt im wesentlichen darin, dass bei grassfressenden Arten Tanninsäure in die peritrophische Membran eindringt und das Mitteldarmephithel beschädigt, wobei es zu Läsionen kommt und wobei Tannin in die Körperhöhle gelangt.
    Notes: Abstract The growth and development of fifteen species of Acridoidea were studied, with and without the addition of tannic acid in concentrations of up to 20% dry weight. In no case was digestion disturbed, and only at the high levels was there a significant reduction in consumption. Polyphagous species showed no deleterious effects, and in two species tannin was beneficial, while graminivorous acridids showed reduced growth rates and poor survival. The difference lies mainly in the fact that tannic acid penetrates the peritrophic membrane in the graminivorous species, and causes damage to the midgut epithelium with the eventual development of lesions and the occurrence of tannin in the haemocoel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 54 (1990), S. 53-56 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé 6 composés secondaires végétaux: sinigrine, acide caféique, acide vanilique, linamarine, amygdaline et gramine, très répandus dans la nature, se montrent phagodissuasifs pour le spécialiste de graminées, Locusta migratoria. C'est pourquoi leurs effects après ingestion sont examinés sur tous les stades larvaires. Pour mettre en évidence une influence éventuelle, les expériences sont réalisées avec une ration alimentaire correspondant à la moitié de celle qu'absorbent des criquets consommant à volonté. Dans un cas, l'addition d'un composé secondaire dans le régime alimentaire (amygdaline) produit une augmentation significative du taux de croissance. La discussion porte sur les conséquences évolutives de ces résultats.
    Notes: Abstract Six plant secondary compounds that are quite widespread in nature were shown to be deterrent to the grass specialist, Locusta migratoria. These were then tested for their post-ingestional effects over the whole of the last larval instar. To enhance the possibility of an effect, experiments were conducted where the food ration was less than half of that normally taken by insects feeding ad libitum. In no case was there any indication of a detrimental effect or any trend suggesting one. In one case (amygdalin) there was a significant increase in growth rate with the addition of the secondary compound to the diet. The evolutionary implication of these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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