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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (25)
  • 1990-1994  (25)
  • General Chemistry  (20)
  • Human  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urinary excretion of acetylcyanamide in rat and human after oral and dermal application of hydrogen cyanamide (H2NCN) (1991)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 65 (1991), S. 268-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Hydrogen cyanamide ; Rat ; Human ; Metabolism ; Urinary excretion ; Acetylcyanamide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The main urinary metabolite of hydrogen cyanamide (syn.: cyanamide) in rat and man is acetylcyanamide (syn.: N-acetylcyanamide). An analytical method was developed to determine acetylcyanamide in the urine with a limit of quantification of 〈10 μg/l (mean recovery 96.1 % using spikes of 20 μg/l; relative standard deviation 〈4%). This methodology is based upon ion chromatography using column-switch techniques and UV detection. It could be demonstrated that in rats an average of 45.6% of oral applied cyanamide (10 mg/kg) was excreted in the urine as acetylcyanamide. In male human volunteers a mean of 40% of oral administered cyanamide (mean dose 0.25 mg/kg body weight) was excreted via the urine as acetylcyanamide. The same group of volunteers participated in a skin absorption study with dermal application of the above cyanamide dose onto a skin surface area of 32 cm2. Within an application period of 6 h an average cyanamide quantity of 2.3 mg was available for skin absorption. A mean portion of 7.7% of this quantity was found as acetylcyanamide in the urine of the participants. Findings from literature state that cyanamide is metabolized in vitro to cyanide. According to examinations performed in vivo, however, such a metabolic pathway seems to be irrelevant for man. In comparison with the control values there was no significant increase of both the cyanide concentrations in the blood and the thiocyanate concentrations in the urine of the above volunteers after the described oral cyanamide administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01968960
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of neurons in the white matter of the adult human neocortex (1992)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 88 (1992), S. 204-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Cerebral cortex of man ; Morphology of white matter neurons ; Subplate cells ; Golgi method ; Immunohistochemistry ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Neurons in the human cerebral cortical white matter below motor, visual, auditory and prefrontal orbital areas have been studied with the Golgi method, immunohistochemistry and diaphorase histochemistry. The majority of white matter neurons are pyramidal cells displaying the typical polarized, spiny dendritic system. The morphological variety includes stellate forms as well as bipolar pyramidal cells, and the expression of a certain morphological phenotype seems to depend on the position of the neuron. Spineless nonpyramidal neurons with multipolar to bitufted dendritic fields constitute less than 10% of the nuerons stained for microtubule associated protein (MAP-2). Only 3% of the MAP-2 immunoreactive neurons display nicotine adenine dinucleotide-diaphorase activity. The white matter pyramidal neurons are arranged in radial rows continuous with the columns of layer VI neurons. Neuron density is highest below layer VI, and decreases with increasing distance from the gray matter. White matter neurons are especially abundant below the primary motor cortex, and are least frequent below the visual cortex area 17. In contrast to other mammalian species, the white matter neurons in man are not only present during development, but persist throughout life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02259143
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reorganisation of descending motor pathways in patients after hemispherectomy and severe hemispheric lesions demonstrated by magnetic brain stimulation (1991)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 83 (1991), S. 419-426 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Magnetic brain stimulation ; Hemispherectomy ; Corticospinal tract ; Cortico-reticulospinal pathways ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Numerous clinical studies on patients after hemispherectomy (HS) have provided clear evidence that two distinct groups can be recognized on the basis of the quality of their motor functions after operation. One of these consists of cases where HS was performed after normal brain maturation, the other of patients where the removed hemisphere was damaged early in life. The post-operative motor function has been found to be much better in the latter group. In the present paper it is demonstrated that in contrast to normal subjects ipsilateral compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) induced by magnetic stimulation of the one intact motor cortex are present in patients after HS. The amplitudes of ipsilateral CMAPs in the muscles roughly correlate with their individual residual motor capacities and show a proximo-distal gradient. In patients with early brain damage prior to HS, CMAPs had short latencies and large amplitudes, whereas in patients with later acquired brain damage prior to HS, CMAPs had long latencies and small amplitudes. It is suggested that reinforcement of the ipsilateral corticospinal pathway may be responsible for residual motor functions in patients with early brain damage, whereas in patients with later acquired brain damage cortico-reticulospinal pathways may play a dominant role in ipsilateral motor control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231167
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional organisation of corticonuclear pathways to motoneurones of lower facial muscles in man (1994)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 101 (1994), S. 465-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Magnetic stimulation ; Single motor units ; Lower facial muscles ; Corticobulbar connexions ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract EMG responses were recorded from lower facial muscles (depressor labii inferioris or depressor anguli oris) of 12 normal subjects after magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex. Using a figure-of-eight stimulating coil, the largest responses were obtained from points around 8–10 cm lateral to the vertex. Usually they were bilateral and had the same latency (11–12 ms) on both sides of the face. Patients with complete Bell's palsy had no response in muscles on the same side as the lesion, indicating that the ipsilateral component to cortical stimulation was not the result of recrossing in the periphery of nerve fibres from the contralateral side. Single-unit studies showed that cortical stimulation produced two phases of motoneuronal facilitation: a short-latency (central motor delay from contralateral cortex to the intracranial portion of the facial nerve, 7.6 ms), short-duration (1– to 2-ms duration peak in the post-stimulus time histogram) input, which was more commonly evoked by contralateral than ipsilateral stimulation; and a longer latency (central delay 〉 15 ms), long-duration input evoked equally well from either hemisphere. The former may represent activity in a predominantly contralateral oligosynaptic corticobulbar pathway; the latter, a polysynaptic indirect (e.g. co-rticotegmento-nuclear) bilateral pathway to lower facial muscles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00227339
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheological modelling of physiological variables during temperature variations at rest (1990)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 34 (1990), S. 76-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Rheology ; Human ; Heart rate ; Oxygen consumption ; Body temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The evolution with time of cardio-respiratory variables, blood pressure and body temperature has been studied on six males, resting in semi-nude conditions during short (30 min) cold stress exposure (0°C) and during passive recovery (60 min) at 20°C. Passive cold exposure does not induce a change inHR but increasesVO 2,VCO 2 Ve and core temperatureT re, whereas peripheral temperature is significantly lowered. The kinetic evolution of the studied variables was investigated using a Kelvin-Voigt rheological model. The results suggest that the human body, and by extension the measured physiological variables of its functioning, does not react as a perfect viscoelastic system. Cold exposure induces a more rapid adaptation for heart rate, blood pressure and skin temperatures than that observed during the rewarming period (20°C), whereas respiratory adjustments show an opposite evolution. During the cooling period of the experiment the adaptative mechanisms, taking effect to preserve core homeothermy and to obtain a higher oxygen supply, increase the energy loss of the body.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01093451
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High Pressure Chemical Synthesis. Herausgegeben von J. Jurczak und B. Baranowski. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1989. X, 507 S., geb. Hfl. 320.00.  -  ISBN 0-444-88187-5 (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 1104-1104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19901020937
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemically Modified Carbon Fibers and their Applications. Von I. N. Ermolenko I. P. Lyubliner N. V. Gulko VCH Verlagsgesellschaft, Weinheim/VCH Publishers, New York 1990. X, 304 S., geb. DM 184.00.  -  ISBN 3-527-26927-4/0-89573-873-2 (1990)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 102 (1990), S. 1537-1538 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19901021264
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Der erste trigonal-bipyramidale Cluster mit interstitieller C2-Hantel in Rb[Pr5(C2)}Cl10]Diese Arbeit wurde von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft und dem Fonds der Chemischen Industrie gefördert. (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 105 (1993), S. 1379-1381 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19931050920
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ferromagnetostrukturelle Beziehungen in den Verbindungen [Mn(OC6X3H2)2(bpy)]2, X = Cl, BrWir danken Prof. Dr. A. Herr und Ing. R. Poinsot für die Messungen mit dem SQUID-Magnetometer und J.-P. Lambour für die Messungen der Wärmekapazität. (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 106 (1994), S. 1660-1662 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19941061512
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kleider machen Leute: Heck-Reaktion im neuen GewandProfessor Wolfgang Lüttke zum 75. Geburtstag gewidmet (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 106 (1994), S. 2473-2506 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Die von Richard F. Heck Ende der sechziger Jahre entdeckte Palladium-katalysierte Kupplung von Aryl- und Alkenylhalogeniden mit Alkenen hat sich nach gelegentlichem Auf- und Abschwellen des darauf gerichteten Interesses in den letzten sechs Jahren nachhaltig gemausert. Durch geschickte Auswahl der Substrate und sorgfältige Anpassung der Reaktionsbedingungen gelingen beeindruckende Sequenzen auch unterschiedlicher Reaktionstypen nicht nur nacheinander, sondern vielfach in einem einzigen Verfahrensschritt. Die mittlerweile etablierte Heck-Reaktion - und eine Reihe mit ihr mechanistisch verwandter Palladium-katalysierter Umwandlungen an Aren-, Alken- und Alkinderivaten - bietet ungezählte Möglichkeiten, elegant und hochkonvergent komplexe Moleküle aufzubauen; dabei bereiten Sauerstoff- und Stickstoffatome (mit Einschränkungen auch Schwefel- und Phosphoratome) in den Reaktionen keine Probleme. Das Spektrum der neueren Erfolge beginnt mit den chemo- und regioselektiven Einfachkupplungen hochfunktionalisierter Substrate mit unsymmetrisch mehrfach substituierten Reaktionspartnern. Es reicht allerdings viel weiter über Kaskadenreaktionen mit Knüpfung von drei, vier, fünf oder gar acht neuen C—C-Bindungen unter Bildung von oligofunktionellen und oligocyclischen Produkten von beeindruckender Molekülkomplexität bis hin zum enantioselektiven Aufbau von anspruchsvollen Naturstoffmolekülen mit quartären stereogenen Zentren, wie die Beispiele Crinan, Picrotoxinin, Morphin und viele mehr belegen. Zweifellos läßt sich schon heute die Heck-Reaktion aus dem Methodenarsenal der präparativen Organischen Chemie nicht mehr wegdenken; abzuwarten bleibt lediglich, wann sie Einzug in ein industrielles Produktionsverfahren halten wird.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19941062307
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