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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (9)
  • 1985-1989  (9)
  • 1
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    LAUREN (ed.), "The China Hands' Legacy: Ethics and Diplomacy" (Book Review) (1988)
    Ann Arbor, Mich., etc., : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of Asian Studies. 47:1 (1988:Feb.) 122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9118
    Topics: Political Science , Economics
    Description / Table of Contents: China and Inner Asia
    Notes: Book Reviews
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:1113-1988-047-01-000028
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Species-specific effects of neurotensin on gallbladder contractionin vitro (1989)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 34 (1989), S. 21-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: neurotensin ; gallbladder contraction ; sphincter of Oddi ; dog
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have previously shown that an in vivoadministration of neurotensin (NT) stimulates contraction of dog gallbladder (GB), but produces dilatation of GB in humans. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of NT on human, dog, guinea pig, and rabbit GB in vitro,in order to delineate direct versus indirect actions of NT in different species and to evaluate the structure-activity relationships of NT. The effect of NT on the canine sphincter of Oddi (SOD) was also examined in vitro.Isolated longitudinal strips of GB from the four species given above and SOD from dogs were suspended in oxygenated Krebs buffer, and the isometric tension responses to various doses of NT, NT 8–13, NT 1–11, and xenopsin (XP) were determined. All the NT homologs, except NT 1–11, stimulated contraction of the dog GB and SOD in a dose-dependent manner. NT also caused dose-related stimulation of GB contraction from guinea pigs but did not stimulate or depress the contractile activity of human and rabbit GB strips. These results suggest that NT action on GB contraction is species-specific. Tetrodotoxin did not modify the contraction of dog GB and SOD in response to NT, indicating that NT mediates its contractile effects directly. The relaxing effect of NT on GB of humans in vivo,as previously reported by us, thus appears to be an indirect action. The fact that structural changes in the NT molecule resulted in marked changes in the biological activity of NT on GB activity in dogs indicates that the effects of NT on dog GB contraction are probably mediated through binding of NT to specific receptors that requires both the C-terminal amino group and the two C-terminal amino acids to produce a contractile response. Based on these results, we suggest that NT may participate in the regulation of GB and SOD contraction in dogs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01536149
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of aging on gastric acid secretion, serum gastrin, and antral gastrin content in rats (1988)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 33 (1988), S. 1544-1548 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: aging ; gastric secretion ; gastrin ; rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects of aging on gastric acid secretion and on serum and antral concentrations of gastrin in rats. Young and old Fischer 344 rats were prepared with gastric fistulas. Twenty-four hours after surgery, graded doses of human synthetic gastrin-17 (SHG-17) (2, 5, 10, 20, and 40 μg/kg) were given intravenously in random order. Gastric secretions were collected for gastric acid measurement before and at 15-min intervals after each dose of gastrin. In a separate study, blood was collected and the stomachs were removed for antral gastrin extraction from fed young and old rats. Serum and antral gastrin was measured by radioimmunoassay. The basal and gastrin-stimulated acid secretions were significantly decreased in aged rats compared to the young rats. The basal acid output was 0.4±0.2 μeq/15 min in the aged rats and 1.5±0.5 μeq/15 min in the young. The maximal acid output stimulated by gastrin was 11.1±1.8 μeq/15 min in the aged rats and 24.2±2.8 μeq/15 min in the young. Both serum and antral concentrations of gastrin were significantly decreased in aged rats. Serum gastrin concentration was 114.8±7.4 pg/ml in the aged rats and 192.0±14.4 pg/ml in the young. Antral gastrin concentration was 3.9±0.5 μg/g tissue in the aged rats, which was significantly less than the concentration in the young (6.5±0.4 μg/g tissue). Antral gastrin content did not change with aging. Gastric acid secretion in aged rats is significantly decreased compared to the young in both the basal condition and in response to fixed doses of exogenous gastrin. Diminished concentrations of circulating gastrin may well be responsible, at least in part, for the diminished acid secretion in the aged rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01535944
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Circadian rhythms in gastrin receptors in rat fundic stomach (1988)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 33 (1988), S. 931-937 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: circadian rhythms ; gastrin receptors ; gastrin ; rat ; stomach
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Circadian rhythmicity in the number of gastrin receptors in rat fundic mucosa was characterized and was related to the concentrations of gastrin in serum and in antrum. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were acclimated to 12 hr light alternating with 12 hr darkness. Subgroups of six rats each were killed at 4-hr intervals. Fundic mucosa was collected for measurement of gastrin receptors; serum and antral tissues were collected for measurement of gastrin levels by radioimmunoassay. Circadian periodicity in the data was determined by cosinor analyses. In both freely fed and fasted rats, gastrin receptors showed circadian variation (range 2.5–10 fmol/mg protein), as did serum gastrin concentrations (range in fed rats 195–407 pg/ml). The phasing of the intrinsic circadian variation in gastrin receptor level that was observed in the fasted rats was advanced by a few hours in fed rats. This shift is probably due to food-induced gastrin release, resulting in gastrin-mediated down-regulation of gastrin receptors, followed by up-regulation of gastrin receptors. Food-related effects were thus superimposed upon the intrinsic circadian rhythms in gastrin receptor levels, causing the circadian variation in gastrin receptor levels in the fed rats to be shifted forward compared to that in the fasted rats. No significant circadian rhythms, on the other other hand, were found in concentrations of gastrin in the antrum. These results suggest that changes in sensitivity of target tissues to hormones are related to both intrinsic circadian rhythms in levels of hormone receptors and also to food-related changes in hormone-receptor levels mediated by changing serum hormone levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01535987
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential sensitivity of pancreatic and colon cancer to cyclosporine and α-difluoromethylornithine in vivo (1988)
    Springer
    Investigational new drugs 6 (1988), S. 265-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0646
    Keywords: polyamines ; pancreatic cancer ; colon cancer ; cyclosporine ; DFMO
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have previously reported that the in vitro growth of MC-26 mouse colon cancer and H2T hamster pancreatic cancer cells are inhibited by cyclosporine (CsA) and α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO). The present study was designed to investigate the effects of these two drugs on the two experimental tumors (MC-26 and H2T) growing in vivo. Forty-eight male Balb/c mice or Syrian golden hamsters were inoculated with MC-26 (250,000) or H2T (500,000) cells, respectively, and then were randomized into four groups of 12 each: group I was control; group II received CsA; group III received DFMO; group IV received a combination of CsA and DFMO. MC-26 tumors were significantly more sensitive than H2T tumors to the effects of CsA and DFMO. MC-26 tumor growth and tumor weight, as well as the tumor content of DNA, RNA, and protein were all significantly more reduced by CsA and DFMO than were the H2T tumors. Our present study shows that both CsA and DFMO are potent inhibitors of MC-26 colon carcinoma growth in vivo, though DFMO is more than twice as effective as CsA. DFMO also produced greater reductions in the tumor content of DNA, RNA, and protein than did CsA. DFMO significantly decreased the concentrations of polyamines in both H2T and MC-26 tumors; the MC-26 tumors were affected to a greater degree.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00173644
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    2-deoxy-D-glucose inhibits the antitumor effects of α-difluoromethylornithine on the growth of colon cancer in vivo (1989)
    Springer
    Investigational new drugs 7 (1989), S. 131-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0646
    Keywords: polyamines ; cancer ; 2-deoxy-D-glucose ; α-difluoromethylornithine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The glycolytic inhibitor, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), has been shown to inhibit the growth of certain cancers. α-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) is an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the ratelimiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis. DFMO has been shown to inhibit cancer growth in a number of models. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of 2-DG alone and combined with DFMO on MC-26 mouse colon adenocarcinoma tumors growing in vivo. Twenty-eight male Balb/c mice were inoculated with 250,000 MC-26 cells, and then randomized into four groups of 7 each: group I served as control; group II received DFMO (3% in drinking water); group III received 2-DG (500 mg/kg/d IP); group IV received a combination of 2-DG and DFMO. Treatment began 5 days after tumor cell inoculation. MC-26 tumor area was reduced 73% by DFMO compared to a 24% reduction caused by 2-DG. The tumor weight was reduced 80% by DFMO and 52% by 2-DG. The tumor contents of DNA, RNA, and protein were significantly reduced by DFMO but not 2-DG. The tumor concentration of the polyamines putrescine and spermidine were reduced by DFMO alone or combined with 2-DG while spermine levels remained unchanged. 2-DG alone did not alter polyamine levels. These results indicate that both 2-DG and DFMO, when added as single agents, inhibit tumor growth. However, the addition of 2-DG to the DFMO regimen inhibited the antitumor effects of DFMO. Survival studies performed on MC-26 cells in vitro corroborated the antagonisms between DFMO and 2-DG that were shown in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170849
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclosporine and α-difluoromethylornithine exhibit differential effects on colon and pancreatic cancer in vitro (1987)
    Springer
    Investigational new drugs 5 (1987), S. 251-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0646
    Keywords: cancer ; cyclosporine ; pancreas ; colon ; polyamines ; α-difluoromethylornithine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract α-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) is a known irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis. Cyclosporine (CsA) has been reported to inhibit ODC activity in vitro. In the present study, we compared the effects of DFMO and CsA on growth, survival, and polyamine levels in mouse colon cancer (MC-26) and hamster pancreatic cancer (H2T) cells in vitro. The growth and survival of MC-26 and H2T cells were inhibited by both DFMO and CsA. However, H2T cells were observed to be significantly more sensitive than MC-26 cells to both CsA and DFMO. The inhibitory effects of CsA were blocked by the addition of the polyamine, putrescine, in both MC-26 and H2T cells. Polyamine levels were altered significantly in both MC-26 and H2T cells treated with CsA and DFMO. However, the profile of these alterations differed between MC-26 and H2T cell lines. Putrescine and spermidine levels in MC-26 cells were more sensitive to DFMO inhibition than were H2T cells. Spermine levels were consistently elevated in MC-26 cells exposed to CsA or DFMO, while the level of spermine in H2T cells decreased significantly in response to the same drugs. These results suggest that CsA and DFMO exhibit different effects on colon and pancreatic cancer growth in vitro. In addition, the differences in the sensitivity of pancreatic and colon cancer to CsA and DFMO indicate potentially important differences in polyamine metabolism between the two cell lines.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00175295
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyamines in gastrointestinal cancer (1989)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 34 (1989), S. 1629-1636 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: polyamines ; cancer ; gastrointestinal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conclusions Polyamines have important roles in determining the structure, function, and proliferative capacity of both normal and neoplastic gastrointestinal tissues. The numerous potential clinical uses of polyamines, their biosynthetic enzymes and enzyme inhibitors, as tumor markers and antitumor agents have been demonstrated in experimental and clinical settings. Gastrointestinal cancers account for a large percentage of cancer deaths in the United States. Colorectal cancer alone is the second most common cause of cancer death in the United States (85). With few exceptions, the studies summarized in this review are reports of observations. Our understanding of the underlying mechanisms causing these phenomena is fragmentary. The gastrointestinal system has unusual abilities to regenerate and an unusually high metabolic rate. The normal process of regeneration and adaptation may provide an excellent foundation upon which to build our understanding of malignant neoplastic processes in these tissues. Further investigation into the nature of the relationship between polyamines and gastrointestinal and hepatocellular neoplasia may provide tools that are useful in combating these diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01537125
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Contractile response of canine gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi to substance P and related peptidesin vitro (1989)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 34 (1989), S. 812-817 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: gallbladder ; sphincter of Oddi ; substance P ; acetylcholine ; cholecystokinin ; motility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Substance P (SP) is a neurotransmitter peptide that is widely distributed in the body. Since SP has been demonstra in the gallbladder (GB) and bile ducts of dogs, it may have a role in biliary motility. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of SP on the GB and sphincter of Oddi (SOD) of dogs in vitro,to evaluate the structure-activity relationship of SP, and to compare the contractile effect of SP with that of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) and acetylcholine (Ach). Isolated longitudinal strips of GB and SOD from dogs were suspended in oxygenated Krebs buffer and the isometric tension responses to various doses of CCK-8, Ach, SP, and SP homologs [SP-free acid (SPFA), Octa-SP (O-SP), physalaemin (PHY)] were measured. We found that all the SP homologs, other than SPFA, stimulated GB and SOD contractions in vitroin a dose-dependent manner. The potency of SP and its homologs on GB and SOD was SP ≥PHY 〉 O-SP; SPFA was without effect. CCK-8 was significantly more effective than SP on GB contraction, but unlike SP, CCK had no effect on SOD. The maximum contraction achieved by Ach was 1.3 (SOD) to 2.3 (GB) times greater than that achieved by SP, but the ED 50 of SP was approximately 100- to 200-fold lower than that of Ach. The contractile effect of SP was partially blocked by 10 −5 M atropine. We suggest from the above results that contractile effects of SP on the dog GB and SOD are probably mediated through binding to specific SP receptors that require the C-terminal amino group and the C-terminal penta-peptide sequence in order to be most effective.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01540263
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