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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (2)
  • 1980-1984  (2)
  • DMBA  (1)
  • Quercus  (1)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (2)
Material
Years
  • 1980-1984  (2)
Year
  • 1
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Alsophila pometaria ; Geometridae ; Anisota senatoria ; Citheroniidae ; Quercus ; nutritional ecology ; herbivory ; nutritional indices ; consumption ; growth ; utilization efficiency ; nitrogen ; water ; tannins ; phenols ; gut pH ; digestive enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Alimentées sur feuillage jeune de chêne, les chenilles d'Alsophila pometaria avaient un taux relatif de croissance (RGR) et un taux relatif d'accumulation d'azote (RNAR) plus élevés que les chenilles d'Anisota senatoria alimentées sur feuillage mûr de chêne. Bien que le jeune feuillage soit plus efficacement digéré par A. pometaria (AD plus élevé), il n'est pas assimilé et utilisé pour la croissance avec de meilleurs rendements (les ECI ne sont pas différents). Ainsi le taux de croissance plus élevé d'A. pometaria est dû entièrement à un taux de consommation plus important (RCR et RNCR). Le feuillage jeune est significativement plus riche en azote et en eau que le feuillage mûr, mais les niveaux de phénol et de tanins sont les mêmes. A pometaria consomme les feuilles de différentes espèces de chênes au même taux, indépendamment de la teneur en azote, tandis que A. senatoria accroît sa consommation en réponse à une diminution de la teneur en azote. Il en résulte que le taux de croissance d'A. pometaria dépend directement de la teneur en azote des feuilles, tandis que celui d'A. senatoria en est indépendant. Les systèmes digestifs des deux insectes sont biochimiquement semblables et sont efficaces pour la digestion des protéines. Les tanins et les phénols n'influent pas sur les indices nutritionnels de ces deux espèces. Nous estimons que le principal intérêt de l'alimentation printanière est la disponibilité en feuillage succulent, riche en azote, et non l'absence de feuilles à haute teneur en tanin. L'alimentation printanière semble correspondre à une strategie alimentaire qui favorise la croissance aux dépens de l'efficacité tandis que l'alimentation en fin d'été est une stratégie qui favorise l'efficacité sur la rapidité.
    Notes: Abstract The larvae of Alsophila pometaria (Harr.), feeding on the young foliage of oak, has a higher relative growth rate (RGR) and relative nitrogen accumulation rate (RNAR) than the larvae of Anisota senatoria (J. E. Smith), feeding on the mature foliage of oak. Although the young oak foliage is more efficiently digested by A. pometaria (higher AD's), it is not more efficiently assimilated and used for growth (no difference in ECI's). Thus, the higher growth rate of A. pometaria is due entirely to a higher consumption rate (RCR and RNCR). Young foliage is significantly higher in nitrogen and water than mature foliage, but phenol and tannin levels are comparable in young and old foliage. A. pometaria consumes the foliage of different oak species at the same rate, independent of nitrogen content, while A. senatoria increases its consumption rate in response to decreased nitrogen levels. As a result, the growth rate of A. pometaria is directly related to leaf nitrogen content, while the growth rate of A. senatoria is independent of leaf nitrogen. The two species of insects have digestive systems that are very similar biochemically, and that are well-designed for effective protein digestion. Tannins and phenols do not influence the nutrional indices of either species. We suggest that the major benefit of spring feeding is the availability of succulent, high-nitrogen foliage, and not the avoidance of high-tannin foliage. The spring feeder appears to have a feeding strategy that favors rapid growth at the expense of efficiency, while the late summer feeder has a strategy that favors efficiency over rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: DMBA ; genetic strains ; mammary tumors ; molecular heterogeneity ; prolactin ; rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We compared the following parameters in Long-Evans (LE) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) female rats: 1) mammary tumor incidence after DMBA, 2) plasma prolactin (PRL) during the estrous cycle before and after DMBA, 3) plasma PRL in immature females from 0900 hr on day 29 to 0900 hr on day 30, 4) plasma PRL from 1200 to 1700 hr and before and 10 min after i.p. TRH administration in ovariectomized (OVX) rats treated with 200 µg polyestradiol phosphate (PEP), 5) anterior pituitary (AP) PRL concentration in OVX rats treated with 200µg PEP, and 6) levels and Sephadex G-100 gel filtration patterns of plasma PRL 10 min after i.p. TRH administration in OVX rats treated with 200µg PEP. We observed marked mammary tumor incidence in SD rats from one supplier (S-SD, Spartan) (96%) compared to SD from another supplier (CRSD, Charles River) (40%) or LE rats (10%). Plasma PRL was significantly decreased on metestrus-diestrus and increased on proestrus-estrus in SD (both suppliers) but not in LE rats 90 days after DMBA compared to rats not given DMBA and sacrificed at same stages of the estrous cycle on day 55 of age. Immature LE and SD-CR females exhibited significant late afternoon and early morning prolactin surges on days 29–30 whereas SD-H rats had either no surges or poorly synchronized surges at the same times. Ovariectomized mature females of the tumor-resistant strains had significantly more AP PRL than the tumor-sensitive strain when given PEP, however there were no differences between the strains in estrogen-induced afternoon PRL surges or in TRH-induced PRL release in the mature OVX, PEP-treated rats. On the other hand, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration patterns of plasma PRL in OVX LE and the tumor-resistant SD group treated with PEP and sacrificed 10 min after TRH administration were markedly different when compared with tumorsensitive SD rats. These studies indicate that there are differences in PRL secretion between strains of rats with high and low mammary tumor incidence but not all of these differences are directly related to the variation in tumorigenesis. The most promising parameters appear to be PRL secretion in immature rats and molecular heterogeneity of plasma PRL. These factors are currently under further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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