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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (12)
  • 1970-1974  (12)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 11 (1972), S. 1716-1720 
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 102 (1971), S. 1217-1225 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The reaction $$Ph_3 CCl + SbCl_5 (EPD)\mathop {\mathop \to \limits_{k_{21} } }\limits^{k_{12} } \leftarrow [Ph_3 C] + [SbCl_6 ] - + EPD$$ is investigated in the followingEPD-solvents: 1.2-dichloroethane, nitromethane, benzonitrile, propanediol-1.2-carbonate, phenylphosphonic dichloride and trimethyl phosphate. Gross rate coefficients and equilibrium constants are given. It is shown that the donicity of theEPD-solvent is inverse proportional to logk 12 and to the equilibrium constant. Die Reaktion $$Ph_3 CCl + SbCl_5 (EPD)\mathop {\mathop \to \limits_{k_{21} } }\limits^{k_{12} } \leftarrow [Ph_3 C] + [SbCl_6 ] - + EPD$$ wird in folgendenEPD-Lösungsmitteln untersucht: 1.2-dichloräthan (DÄ), Nitromethan (NM), Benzonitril (BN), Propandiol-1.2-carbonat (PDC), Phenylphosphoroxydichlorid (PhPOCl2) und Trimethylphosphat (TMP). Die Bruttogeschwindigkeits-und die Gleichgewichtskonstanten werden ermittelt. Es wird gezeigt, daß die DonizitätEPD-Lösungsmittels den logk 12-Werten sowie den Gleichgewichtskonstanten umgekehrt proportional ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe des Temperatursprung-Relaxationsverfahrens wurde die Kinetik der Reaktion $$\begin{gathered} [Fe^{ + III} (EPD)_6 ](ClO_4 )_3 + Fe^{ + II} (cp)_2 \mathop \rightleftharpoons \limits_{k_2 }^{k_1 } [Fe^{ + II} (EPD)_6 ](ClO_4 )_2 + \hfill \\ + Fe^{ + III} (cp)_2 ClO_4 \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ in den Lösungsmitteln Nitromethan (NM), Acetonitril (AN), Trimethylphosphat (TMP), Dimethylformamid (DMF), Diäthylformamid (DÄF), Dimethylacetamid (DMA) und Dimethylsulfoxid (DMSO) untersucht. Für die Reaktion von Fe(III) mit Fe(cp)2 wird in Lösungsmitteln hoherDN ein Inner-Sphere-Mechanismus mit Übertragung von Cyclopentadienid-Ionen angenommen. InDMF, DÄF, DMA undDMSO werden die Geschwindigkeitskonstantenk 1 undk 2 mit steigenderDN desEPD kleiner. Mit steigenderDN desEPD nimmt die Geschwindigkeitskonstante der Reaktion 3 Fe(cp)2ClO4+6EPD→2 Fe(cp)2+[Fe(EPD)6](ClO4)3+2 C5H5 zu.
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of the reaction $$\begin{gathered} [Fe^{ + III} (EPD)_6 ](ClO_4 )_3 + Fe^{ + II} (cp)_2 \mathop \rightleftharpoons \limits_{k_2 }^{k_1 } [Fe^{ + II} (EPD)_6 ](ClO_4 )_2 + \hfill \\ + Fe^{ + III} (cp)_2 ClO_4 \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ has been studied in nitromethane, acetonitrile, trimethyl phosphate, dimethylformamide, diethylformamide, dimethylacetamide and dimethylsulphoxide solution by the temperature-jump technique. For the reaction between Fe(III) and Fe(cp)2 in solvents of highDN an inner-sphere mechanism with transfer of cyclopentadienide groups is suggested. The rate konstantsk 1 andk 2 inDMF, DEF, DMA, andDMSO are given. They decrease with increasingDN. The rate constant of the reaction 3 Fe(cp)2ClO4+6EPD→2 Fe(cp)2+[Fe(EPD)6](ClO4)3+2 C5H5 increases with increasingDN of theEPD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 102 (1971), S. 806-810 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Auf Grund von Relaxationsmessungen wird unter Berücksichtigung früherer experimenteller Ergebnisse ein Schema der Gleichgewichte von AlCl3 in Acetonitril (AN) angegeben.
    Notes: Abstract The equilibria in solutions of aluminium(III) chloride in acetonitrile are deduced from relaxation measurements and other experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 102 (1971), S. 798-805 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In Acetonitril (AN) werden die Bruttogeschwindigkeitskonstanten der Reaktionen $$Ph_3 CCl + MCl_n ANPh_3 C^ + MCl_{n + 1}^ - + AN$$ (MCl n =SbCl5, GaCl3, InCl3 und FeCl3) mit Hilfe des Temperatursprungverfahrens bestimmt. Auf Grund der Relaxations-spektren wird angenommen, daß bei den untersuchten Metall(III)-chloriden in verd. Lösung folgende Gleichgewichte vorliegen: $$\begin{gathered} 2 MCl_3 AN + 6AN \rightleftharpoons [MCl_2 (AN)_4 ]^ + [MCl_4 ]^ - + 4 AN \rightleftharpoons \hfill \\ 2 [MCl_2 (AN)_4 ]^ + Cl - \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$
    Notes: Abstract In acetonitrile (AN) solutions the gross constants are determined for the reactions $$Ph_3 CCl + MCl_n ANPh_3 C^ + MCl_{n + 1}^ - + AN$$ (MCl n =SbCl5, GaCl3, InCl3, and FeCl3). The relaxation spectra are interpreted for the reactions of metal(III) chlorides according to the equilibria $$\begin{gathered} 2 MCl_3 AN + 6AN \rightleftharpoons [MCl_2 (AN)_4 ]^ + [MCl_4 ]^ - + 4 AN \rightleftharpoons \hfill \\ 2 [MCl_2 (AN)_4 ]^ + Cl - \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Psychological research 35 (1972), S. 143-156 
    ISSN: 1430-2772
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Am sog. Spiegelkasten wird eine unbewußte (stufenweise) Adaptation an eine visuelle Seitwärtsverschiebung der rechten Hand der Vpn erzeugt. Vorher und mehrmals nachher wird sowohl im gleichen als auch einem speziellen neuen Umfeld die Auge-Hand-Koordination bei offenen und verschlossenen Augen und stets verdecktem Arm (= ohne visuelle Rückkopplung) für beide Hände gemessen. Die Untersuchung zeigte: 1. Der Adaptationseffekt überträgt sich in dem gleichen Umfeld nur zu einem sehr geringen Ausmaß auf die kontralaterale nicht adaptierte Hand. 2. Wenn die Verschiebungswerte der adaptierten rechten Hand im dritten Zieltest bereits wieder abnehmen, werden die Verschiebungswerte für die kontralaterale Hand gleichzeitig noch weiter gesteigert (fortgesetzter Transfer = Mitnehmer Effekt). 3. Die propriozeptive Lage eines visuell wahrgenommenen Zielpunktes ist bereits unter normalen Umständen für beide Hände signifikant unterschiedlich. Dieser Unterschied wird während der Adaptation beträchtlich verstärkt. 4. Eine längere zwischengeschaltete motorische Tätigkeit der adaptierten Hand mit normaler visueller Rückkopplung aber in einem anderen Umfeld vermag den Adaptationseffekt nicht zu löschen (gesonderter Speicher). 5. Die veränderte Hand-Auge-Koordination läßt sich auch in einer veränderten Situation mit anderer Armstellung in gleichem Ausmaß nachweisen, ebenso beim Zeigen auf erinnerte räumliche Ziele. Diese Befunde sprechen gegen die Hypothese einer veränderten „gefühlten Lage“ der adaptierten Hand. Die Ergebnisse werden im Zusammenhang mit den Erwartungen aus anderen Experimenten der Literatur sowie dem von uns früher vorgeschlagenen Regelkreismodell diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary Shifts in reaching for a visible target in part will transfer to the contralateral hand. The transfer has a continuous time deley, that is the shift in the not adapted hand will still rise while it is already declining in the adapted hand. An interpolated motorik activity of the (former adapted) hand with visual feedback but with another visual background will not interfere with the former established adaptation effect and is not able to extinguish it. The eye-hand koordination changed by visuomotor adaptation will be transferable with equal amount to a new target situation where the arm is to be kept in quite another position. The same is true for reaching for a remembered target. These results are contradictionary to the hypothesis of the change in the felt position of the adapted arm, instead they point more clearly to a Sollwert-shift in the central nervous feedback loop as discussed in earlier investigations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 52 (1974), S. 609-616 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Haemoglobin degradation ; bilirubin formation ; heme oxygenase ; macrophages ; glucocorticoids ; Hämoglobinstoffwechsel ; Bilirubinbildung ; Hämoxygenase ; Makrophagen ; Glucocorticoide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Unter physiologischen Bedingungen wird das Häm des Hämoglobins zu Bilirubin IXα abgebaut. Die ausgeprägte Lipidlöslichkeit des ungebundenen Bilirubins kann zu einer intracellulären Anhäufung des Pigmentes mit toxischer Zellschädigung führen. Durch Bindung an Albumin und Konjugation mit Glucuronsäure wird eine Wasserlöslichkeit erreicht, die den Zugang des Bilirubins in das Zellinnere verhindert. Drei Viertel des täglich gebildeten Bilirubins (250–350 mg) entstammen dem Abbau gealterter Erythrocyten und ein Viertel dem Stoffwechsel des Myoglobins und der hämenthaltenden Enzyme. Kinetische Untersuchungen mit radioaktiven Isotopen lassen zwei deutlich trennbare Maxima der Bilirubinausscheidung erkennen: Eine frühe Spitze in den ersten Tagen („early-labeled peak“), die aus dem Katabolismus hämenthaltender Enzyme resultiert und eine späte Spitze, die den Abbau der Erythrocyten nach 120 Tagen Lebensdauer reflektiert. Das Häm wird durch die in den Mikrosomen lokalisierte Hämoxygenase zu Biliverdin und dieses durch die im Cytoplasma lösliche Biliverdinreduktase zu Bilirubin abgebaut. Als Organe des normalen Erythrocytenabbaus weisen die Milz, die Leber und das Knochenmark die höchste Hämoxygenaseaktivität auf. In vitro läßt sich der Abbau von Erythrocyten in peritonealen Makrophagen untersuchen. Nach Erythrophagocytose steigt die normalerweise sehr niedrige Hämoxygenaseaktivität steil an, wobei die Höhe der induzierten Enzymaktivität von der Menge der phagocytierten Erythrocyten und von einem ungestörten Glucosestoffwechsel abhängt. Glucocorticoide reduzieren den Glucosestoffwechsel in Makrophagen und bewirken eine Unterdrückung der Hämoxygenase-Induktion bei unbeeinträchtigter Erythrophagocytose. Die Blockierung der Enzyminduktion ist reversibel auf Grund einer steroid-antagonistischen Wirkung von Glucose kombiniert mit Insulin. Es wird die Möglichkeit diskutiert, daß die Senkung des Bilirubinspiegels bei den verschiedenen Formen des hepatogenen Ikterus unter Glucocorticoid-Therapie Ergebnis einer inhibierenden Wirkung des Steroids auf das induzierbare Hämoxygenase-System des retikuloendothelialen Systems ist.
    Notes: Summary Under physiologic conditions the heme moiety of haemoglobin is degraded to bilirubin IXα. The lipid solubility of unbound bilirubin may result in intracellular accumulation of the pigment resulting in potential cell toxicity. Binding of the pigment to albumin or conjugation with glucuronic acid or other sugar moieties renders bilirubin water soluble, which limits its penetration into cells and prevents cell damage. Three quarters of the daily formed bilirubin (250–350 mg) are derived from the catabolism of senescent erythrocytes and approximately one quarter from the turnover of heme-containing enzymes and myoglobin. Kinetic investigations using radioactive isotopes demonstrated two distinctly separate maxima of bilirubin formation: an “early-labeled peak” resulting from catabolism of heme-containing enzymes predominantly in the liver, and a late peak reflecting degradation of senescent erythrocytes at the end of their life span. Heme is converted to bilirubin by microsomal heme oxygenase and is further reduced to bilirubin by soluble biliverdin reductase. Heme oxygenase activity is most active in tissues that normally degrade erythrocytes, such as the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. Degradation of erythrocytes has been investigated in peritoneal macrophages in vitro. After erythrophagocytosis, the initially low heme oxygenase activity rose steeply. The degree of enzyme induction is proportional to the amount of phagocytized erythrocytes and is critically dependent on unimpaired glucose metabolism. Glucocorticoids depress glucose metabolism in macrophages and prevent induction of heme oxygenase without interfering with erythrophagocytosis. Repression of enzyme induction is reversible by the steroid-antagonistic action of glucose combined with insulin. The possibility is considered that in various forms of hepatogenous jaundice, the fall of serum bilirubin after glucocorticoid therapy may be caused by suppression of heme oxygenase activity in the reticuloendothelial system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Tillandsia usneoides, in the common sense a non-succulent plant, exhibits CO2 exchange characterized by net CO2 dark fixation during the night and depression of CO2 exchange during the day. Malate has been demonstrated to accumulate during CO2 dark fixation and to be converted to carbohydrates in light. Thus, T. usneoides exhibits CAM like typical succulents. Net CO2 uptake during the day is increased with net CO2 output being suppressed in duration of time and extent when light intensity increases. Furthermore, a slight increase in CO2 fixation during the following night can be observed if the plants were treated with high light intensity during the previous day. Curves of CO2 exchange typical for CAM are obtained if T. usneoides is kept at 15°C and 20°C. Lower temperature tend to increase CO2 uptake during the day and to inhibit CO2 dark fixation. Temperatures higher than 20°C favour loss of CO2 by respiration, which becomes apparent during the whole day and night at 30°C and higher temperatures. Thus, T. usneoides gains carbon only at temperatures well below 25°C. Net CO2 uptake during the day occurs only in moist plant material and is inhibited in plants cept under water stress conditions. However, CO2 uptake during the night is clearly favoured if the plants dry out. Therefore dry plants gain more carbon than moist ones. Curves of CO2 exchange typical for CAM were also obtained with 13 other species of the genus Tillandsia. The exhibition of CAM by the non-succulent T. usneoides calls for a new definition of the term “succulence” if it is to remain useful in characterizing this metabolic pathway. Because CO2-fixing cells of T. usneoides possess relatively large vacuoles and are relatively poor in chloroplasts, they resembles the assimilatory cells of typical CAM-exhibiting succulents. Therefore, if “succulence” only means the capacity of big vacuoles to store malate, the assimilatory cells in T. usneoides are succulent. It seems to be useful to investigate parameters which would allow a definition of the term “succulence” on the level of the cell rather than on the level of the whole plant or plant organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 4 (1971), S. 179-192 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Most of the studies devoted to the mechanism by which certain antibiotics increase the ion permeability ofbiological membranes have been carried out on artificialmodel systems. Undoubtedly one of the major reasons for this was that some of the most relevant biological membrane systems are of submicroscopic dimensions and thus inaccessible to the common electrochemical measuring techniques. This holds for the inner membrane systems of chloroplasts, mitochondria, and retinal rods. Since it is not trivial that a mechanism of action found for a model membrane works as well in a biological one with a much higher structural complexity, it seemed worth-while to study the mechanism of action of ionophorous antibiotics on the above-mentioned biological membranes. In this paper, a nonelectrochemical method for measuring both the voltage and the current across the inner chloroplast membrane (or thylakoid membrane) is established in extension of earlier work. This method is used to characterize the mode of action of valinomycin on the thylakoid membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Protoplasma 82 (1974), S. 283-287 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung BeiAcetabularia mediterranea undAcetabularia cliftonii werden der Proteingehalt, der Chlorophyllgehalt und die Chloroplastenzahl durch Rot- und Blaulicht beeinflußt. Protein, Chlorophyll und die Chloroplastenzahl pro Zelle zeigen unter Rotlichtbestrahlung eine viel geringere Zunahme als mit Blaulicht behandelte Zellen gleichen Alters. Die Chloroplasten unterscheiden sich bezüglich ihres Protein- und Chlorophyllgehalts im Rot- und Blaulicht nicht. Das Stielwachstum vonAcetabularia mediterranea ist im Rotlicht reduziert, währendAcetabularia cliftonii normales Stielwachstum zeigt.
    Notes: Summary InAcetabularia mediterranea and inAcetabularia cliftonii the protein content, the chlorophyll content and the number of chloroplasts is influenced by red and blue light. Under red light conditions protein, chlorophyll, and chloroplast number per cell increases much less than in blue light treated cells of the same age. The chloroplasts do not differ in protein and chlorophyll content under red and blue light conditions. Growth ofAcetabularia mediterranea is reduced under red light, while the stalk ofAcetabularia cliftonii is growing normally.
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