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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (6)
  • ARDS  (2)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (2)
  • Pulmonary circulation  (2)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (6)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: ARDS ; Extracorporeal circulation ; Extracorporeal CO2-removal ; Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation ; Gas exchange
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Extracorporeal circulation can cause lung damage, which would be especially counterproductive during extracorporeal gas exchange for the treatment of acute respiratory failure. To test the hypothesis that partial venovenous bypass with extracorporeal CO2-removal combined with low-frequency positive pressure ventilation (ECCO2R-LFPPV) can adversely affect lung fluid balance, extravascular thermal lung volume (ETV) and hemodynamics were assessed before, during and after ECCO2R-LFPPV in normal closed ehest dogs. In series I dogs (n=6) subjected to 10 h of ECCO2R-LFPPV, ETV did not change significantly from control (7.1 ml/kg±0.99 SE) during or after bypass. Gravimetric extravascular lung water and lung histology after bypass were found to be normal. In series II dogs (n=5), subjected to shorter periods of ECCO2R-LFPPV, ETV also remained unchanged. In contrast to previous reports using sheep, pulmonary arterial hypertension during bypass was not observed. Thus, ECCO2R-LFPPV was not associated with increased lung water, pulmonary hypertension or morphological lung changes under the conditions studied and does not seem to cause lung damage in normal lungs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: ARDS ; Alveolar gas composition ; Low frequency positive pressure ventilation with extracorporeal CO2-removal ; Mass spectrometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Tracheal and alveolar gas composition was studied by mass spectrometry in a patient with severe ARDS treated by low frequency positive pressure ventilation/extracorporeal CO2-removal (LFPPV-ECCO2R). Measured alveolar gas concentrations were compared with values derived from standard respiratory equations. As a result we found that during LFPPV-ECCO2R with a constant endotracheal O2-flow, alveolar gas composition cannot be predicted reliably from standard equations. The reasons for this finding are discussed. We conclude that monitoring of alveolar gas composition by mass spectrometry is of great value during LFPPV-ECCO2R if PAO2, P(A-a)O2 and Qva/Qt are to be determined correctly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Haemoconcentration ; Haemodilution ; Pressure-flow relationship ; Pulmonary circulation ; Pulmonary vascular flow resistance ; Pulmonary vascular hypertension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Pulmonary vascular flow resistance depends on blood viscosity, mainly due to haematocrit, and on vessel dimensions determining blood volume in this highly compliant vascular bed. We, therefore, evaluated the interaction between haematocrit, blood flow, and transpulmonary vascular pressure gradient under conditions of controlled pulmonary blood volume. Design: Experimental study in isolated zone-III rabbit lungs perfused with autologous blood. Setting: Laboratory for experimental studies. Interventions: Stepwise and independent variation of flow (50, 100, and 200 ml/min), pulmonary blood volume (increments of 2.5 ml and 5 ml imposed by changes of left atrial pressure), and haematocrit (0–50 %) varied by haemodilution (Krebs-Henseleit/albumin) or haemoconcentration (centrifugation). Measurements: Pulmonary arterial, left atrial, and airway pressures as well as reservoir volume (reflecting reciprocal changes of lung blood volume) and lung weight. Results: Haemodilution from the normal haematocrit (32 %) to 10 % at constant pulmonary blood volume and flow decreased flow resistance only slightly, whereas haemoconcentration (50 %) increased flow resistance up to 130 %. At the same time increments of in pulmonary blood volume of 2.5 and 5 ml (approx. 15 and 30 % of normal pulmonary blood volume) at constant haematocrit significantly shifted downwards pressure-flow relationships for all investigated haematocrits (0–50 %). Conclusions: Because of the multiple interrelationships between haematocrit, blood flow and pulmonary blood volume, haematocrit effects on pulmonary flow resistance and pressure-flow relationships in the pulmonary vasculature should be studied at controlled blood volume. While haemodilution only has minor effects, haemoconcentration changes pressure-flow relationships markedly. Pulmonary blood volume has a major impact on slope and position of pressure-flow relationships for all haematocrits investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Isolated rabbit lung ; Haematocrit ; Haemoconcentration ; Haemodilution ; Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction ; Pulmonary blood volume ; Pulmonary circulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: Erythrocytes influence the magnitude of hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery pressure increase. It is, however, unknown to what extent haemoconcentration and haemodilution affect this response and whether intrapulmonary blood volume (and thus vessel dimensions) alters the magnitude of pressure increase. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the haemodilution/haemoconcentration-dependent pressure increase is flow-related, via flow-dependent changes in vasomotor tone or rheologic effects, or can also be observed under no-flow conditions. Design: Experimental study in isolated rabbit lungs (n = 12) perfused with autologous blood at constant flow (100 ml/min) and ventilated with 5 % carbon dioxide in air. Setting: Laboratory for experimental studies. Interventions: Haemoconcentration (centrifugation) and haemodilution (Krebs-Henseleit/albumin) were carried out, resulting in haematocrits between 50 % and 0 %. During hypoxic ventilation, inspiratory oxygen fraction was reduced from 0.20 to 0.03. Measurements and results: Under constant flow conditions, haemodilution (from a Hct of 34–36 % to 0–1 %) decreased hypoxic pulmonary artery pressure response to one-third (from 10.8 ± 2.3 cmH2O to 3.1 ± 1.0 cmH2O, P 〈 0.05), while haemoconcentration did not affect the magnitude of hypoxic response (10.5 ± 2.0 cmH2O). For all haematocrit values an increase in pulmonary blood volume (by 5 ml) decreased the magnitude of pressure response. Hypoxia-induced changes in static vascular filling pressure (double occlusion pressure) and vascular compliance were used to assess the strength of hypoxic vasoconstriction under static conditions. Neither haemoconcentration nor haemodilution altered hypoxia-induced changes in either variable. Conclusions: The magnitude of the acute hypoxic pressure response is not altered by haemoconcentration, but significantly reduced by haemodilution. In contrast, neither haemoconcentration nor haemodilution influenced hypoxia-induced changes in static vascular filling pressure and compliance. This suggests that the degree of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction is not affected under static conditions and that the red blood cell-dependence of the magnitude of hypoxic pressure response is based on flow-related mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 385-394 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Formation of alumina layers on iron-base alloysThe formation of Al2O3-layers has been studied for ferritic alloys Fe-6 Al-M and austenitic alloys Fe-27 Ni-4 Al-M where M - Ti, Zr, V, Nb, W, B, Si… (concentrations in wt%). One or more alloying elements M had been added and in some cases carbon. The oxidation was performed at 1000 °C in H2O-H2 mixtures at PO2 = 10-19 bar. After ½ h oxidation the oxide layers were investigated by X-ray structures analysis, scanning electron microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). The alloy Fe-6 Al and most doped alloys form badly adherent layers, however, on alloys with additions of 0.1 to 1% Ti, Zr, V or Y the oxide layers are fine-grained and well-adherent. The Ti-doped ferritic alloys showed very protective layers, which is caused by the formation of a Ti(C, O)-layer beneath the α-Al2O3. The presence of the oxicarbide induces nucleation and improves the adherence of α-Al2O3, according to epitaxial relations between ferrite and oxicarbide and between oxicarbide and alumina. The favourable influence of Ti and Zr on the Al2O3 formation is also effective on the austenitic alloys.
    Notes: Die Bildung von Al2O3-Deckschichten wurde für ferritische Fe-6 AI-M- und austenitische Fe-27 Ni-4 Al-M-Legierungen untersucht, M = Ti, Zr, V, Nb, W, B, Si u. a. (Konzentrationen in Masse%). Die Legierungen enthielten eines oder mehrere der Legierungselemente M und in einigen Fällen Kohienstoff. Die Oxydation wurde bei 1000 °C in H2O-H2 Gemischen mit pO2 = 10-19 bar durchgeführt. Nach ½ h Oxydation wurden die Oxidschichten durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse, Rasterelektronenmikroskopie und Auger-Elektronen-Spektroskopie (AES) charakterisiert. Die Legierung Fe-6 Al und die meisten hiervon abgeleiteten Legierungen bilden schlecht haftende Oxidschichten, auf Legierungen mit 0,1 bis 1% Ti, Zr, V oder Y dagegen sind die Oxidschichten feinkörnig und haften sehr gut. Die Ti-dotierten Legierungen zeigten sehr gute Deckschichtbildung, bedingt durch eine Ti(C, O)-Schicht unterhalb des α-Al2O3. Die Gegenwart des Oxicarbids verursacht häufige Keimbildung und verbessert die Haftung des α-Al2O3 aufgrund epitaktischer Beziehungen zwischen Ferrit und Oxicarbid sowie Oxicarbid und Aluminiumoxid. Der günstige Einfluß der Legierungselemente Ti und Zr auf die Bildung von Al2O3-Schichten tritt auch bei den austenitischen Legierungen auf.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 10 (1987), S. 280-290 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Protecting layers against carburizing atmospheres are of great importance for high temperature alloys. Very good results have been obtained with a model alloy Fe—Al—0.5Ti. For a single crystal sample of this alloy, the composition and growth of the protecting layers were studied by AES and LEED. Excellent epitaxial fit was observed for a titanium oxycarbide layer growing on (100) and (110) oriented samples at high temperatures by surface segregation of C and Ti in oxygen containing atmosphers. At the same time Al segregated to the surface and diffused through this carbide layer. Reaction with oxygen led to the formation of an epitaxial Al2O3 layer on top of the carbide. Both layers were very dense and well adherent even for high quenching rates. Only very small amounts of carbon impurity were able to penetrate through the dense Al2O3 layer and were captured by the oxycarbide layer.
    Additional Material: 20 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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