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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (4)
  • Acid rain  (2)
  • Lime  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of acid rain on leaf-litter decomposition in a beech forest on calcareous soil (1991)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 11 (1991), S. 151-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Acid rain ; Mesofauna ; Decomposition ; Beech forest ; Calcareous soil ; Litterbag ; 14C-labelled beech leaf litter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effects of simulated acid rain on litter decomposition in a calcareous soil (pHH 2 O 5.8) were studied. Litterbags (45 μm and 1 mm mesh size) containing freshly fallen beech leaf litter were exposed to different concentrations of acid in a beech forest on limestone (Göttinger Wald. Germany) for 1 year. Loss of C, the ash content, and CO2−C production were measured at the end of the experiment. Further tests measured the ability of the litter-colonizing microflora to metabolize 14C-labelled beech leaf litter and hyphae. The simulated acid rain strongly reduced CO2−C and 14CO2−C production in the litter. This depression in production was very strong when the input of protons was 1.5 times greater than the normal acid deposition, but comparatively low when the input was 32 times greater. acid deposition may thus cause a very strong accumulation of primary and secondary C compounds in the litter layer of base-rich soils, even with a moderate increase in proton input. The presence of mesofauna significantly reduced the ability of the acid rain to inhibit C mineralization. The ash content to the 1-mm litterbags indicated that this was largely due to transport of base-rich mineral soil into the litter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336381
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Buffering of the effect of acid rain on decomposition of C-14-labelled beech leaf litter by saprophagous invertebrates (1991)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 11 (1991), S. 285-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Acid rain ; Soil fauna ; Litter decomposition ; Litter fragmentation ; Bioturbation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary The effect of simulated acid rain on the decomposition of C-14-labelled beech leaf litter (4 months old), and the modification of this effect by litter fragmentation by the millipede Glomeris marginata (Villers) and by the burrowing activity of two earthworm species [Lumbricus castaneus (Savigny) and Octolasion lacteum (Örley)], was studied in laboratory experiments over a period of 168 days. The acid rain caused a strong decrease in C mineralization of intact beech leaf litter situated on the surface of the carbonate-rich mineral soil (to 0.43 of control), whereas CO2 production by the systems was increased (up to 1.12 times the control level). In general, the activity of the decomposer macrofauna buffered the effects of the acidity. Litter fragmentation by G. marginata reduced the effect of acid precipitation on litter decomposition by almost 50%. The burrowing activity of L. castaneus and O. lacteum led to contact between the intact leaf litter and the mineral soil, which buffered the effect of the acid precipitation on litter decomposition by 82% and 65%, respectively. The epigeic earthworm species L. castaneus, by feeding on and removing the faecal pellets of G. marginata from the soil surface, almost totally buffered the effect of the acid rain on pellet decomposition. The activity of the endogeic earthworm species O. lacteum in feeding on Glomeris faecal pellets and mixing them with mineral soil also buffered the effect of the acid rain. However, this effect appeared to be restricted to the first 5 weeks. In total, by mixing fragmented litter with mineral soil, O. lacteum stabilized organic matter in the mineral soil horizon. This stabilization effect was assumed to be independent of the simulated acid precipitation. In addition, the activity of O. lacteum compensated for the increased CO2 production induced by the acid rain. An intact soil faunal community is therefore considered to be a key component in the buffering characteristic of beechwood mull soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00335849
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of mesofauna exclusion on the microbial biomass in two moder profiles (1992)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 12 (1992), S. 253-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Mesofauna ; Microbial biomass ; Litterbag ; Beech forest ; Moder ; Lime
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In December 1988, litterbags (mesh size 45 or 1000 μm) were exposed in the organic layer of a limed and unlimed moder soil under beech forest in the Solling area (Germany). At both sites, substrata from the L1, L2, F1, F2 and from the H Layer were sampled shortly before the beginning of the experiment, defaunated, filled separately into litterbags and replaced in the respective horizons in the field. Litterbags were retrieved on three sampling dates (May, September, and November 1989). The soil microbial biomass was estimated by means of the fumigation extraction method. The results show that the effects of excluding mesofauna from the 45-μm litterbags were different in different horizons, on different sampling dates and in different study sites. Calculation of the “average” effect from the three sampling dates revealed that mesofauna exclusion reduced the microbial biomass C at both sites. It was concluded from horizon- and season-specific differences between the two litterbag treatments that a depression in microbial biomass C in the organic layer of a moder soil by mesofaunal grazers is confined to situations where environmental conditions cause strong feeding pressure and when the microflora is exposed to environmental stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336040
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hexosamines in the organic layer of two beech forest soils: effects of mesofauna exclusion (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 15 (1993), S. 301-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Mesofauna ; Amino sugar ; Soil micro-flora ; Beech forest ; Moder ; Lime
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary In December 1988, litter bags (mesh size: 45 and 1000 μm) were exposed in the organic layer of unlimed and limed moder soil under beech forest in the Solling area of Germany. Bags were retrieved on three sampling dates (May, September, and November 1989) and amounts (g m-2) of glucosamine and galactosamine were determined. Horizon-specific differences generally explained by far the largest part of the treatment variance. In the substrate sampled in December 1988 from the unlimed area glucosamine increased by a factor of 11.8 from the L 1 layer to the H layer and galactosamine by a factor of 15.9. With the exception of the F2 layer, the hexosamine amounts found in the limed substrate sampled in December 1988 were higher in all horizons than in the corresponding horizons sampled from the unlimed area. Exclusion of mesofauna from the 45-μm litter bags generally reduced the level of amino sugars at both sites. The difference between the two mesh sizes was most pronounced in the lowermost horizons (F2 and H) and quite small in the upper horizons. The exclusion of mesofauna significantly increased the glucosamine: galactosamine ratio in the two L layers of the unlimed soil on all sampling dates. Seasonal fluctuations suggested that the actual amino sugar content of the organic layer was essentially the function of two components, the first reflecting long-term accumulation of microbial metabo-lites, and the second reflecting short term fluctuations in the microbial colonization of various C sources together with spatial and temporal differences in the ability of the microflora to produce and to decompose hexosamines. The results of this study show that the mesofauna in the beech forest soils investigated significantly affected both the amino sugar components measured, and thus stimulated the accumulation of one of the most important N pools in forest soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00337217
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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