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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (32)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physicochemical interactions in processing (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 2 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The manufacturing of toiletries is a complex procedure and many process routes are possible for a given formulation. In the past, considerable attention has been given to the design of manufacturing equipment but there has been relatively little appreciation of the influence of physicochemical interactions during processing. These interactions are likely to be particularly important during the manufacture of dispersions such as emulsions and pastes where phase and interfacial behaviour or particle interactions can be affected by the introduction of electrolytes or surface active species. For emulsions consisting of cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride/long chain alcohol/water, the final rheological behaviour is governed by the formation of a ‘frozen’ lamellar structure in the continuous phase. The phase changes occurring during processing can significantly affect the degree of structure obtained. With powder dispersions, the rheology is affected by the introduction of surface active species due to deflocculation of the particles. Even in complex product systems such as toothpastes, these changes due to powder/detergent interactions are still apparent. Les interactions physico-chimiques dans les processus de fabrication
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-2494.1980.tb00235.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Virus-induced cell fusion enhanced by phytohaemagglutinin (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 249 (1974), S. 355-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Freeze-dried PHA (Wellcome Reagents Ltd., Beckenham, Kent) was reconstituted in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and cells were treated with 1.0 ml diluted in maintenance medium at the concentrations described below. The properties of the NDV strains, cell culture methods, infection of cell cultures ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/249355a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Contribution of Photosynthesis to Chlorophyll Formation in Etiolated Mung Bean Leaves (1971)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 25 (1971), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Chlorophyll formation in seven day old etiolated mung bean leaves was inhibited by CMU. The inhibition was reversed by feeding sucrose, or by leaving the cotyledons attached to the leaves. Photosynthesis appeared to contribute substrates for further chloroplast development soon after its commencement. When sucrose was fed in the presence of CMU at a range of light intensities, there was a distinct light induced promotion of chlorophyll formation at light intensities of 500–2000 lux. Treatment of the leaves with salicyl-aldoxime, an inhibitor of cyclic photophosphorylation indicated that this process could play an important part in chloroplast development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1971.tb01090.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of paramyxoviruses isolated from penguins in Antarctica and sub-Antarctica during 1976–1979 (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 109 (1989), S. 135-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Nine paramyxovirus isolates obtained from penguins were tested for antigenic relationships amongst themselves and to other avian paramyxoviruses. One of the isolates was shown to be a lentogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV), i.e., of PMV-1 serotype. By serological tests and analysis of structural polypeptides the other penguin isolates could be placed into three groups. No relationship with other avian paramyxoviruses could be determined except that six of the penguin viruses, representing two of the groups, showed reaction with a monoclonal antibody raised against NDV Ulster 2 C and three of the isolates, representing one of the penguin groups, also reacted with another PMV-1 directed monoclonal antibody.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01310525
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deduced amino acid sequences at the haemagglutinin cleavage site of avian influenza A viruses of H 5 and H 7 subtypes (1993)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 130 (1993), S. 209-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The amino acid sequences at the haemagglutinin cleavage sites of 9 avian influenza A viruses of H 5 subtype (5 high and 4 low pathogenicity for chickens) and 21 of H 7 subtype (13 high and 8 low pathogenicity for chickens) were determined by direct RNA sequencing, PCR amplification sequencing or both. None of the viruses of low pathogenicity had multiple basic amino acids at the cleavage site. All highly pathogenic viruses had an insert of basic amino acids at the cleavage site, except A/chicken/Scotland/59 (H5N1) for which the multiple basic amino acids appeared as substitutions and not insertions. All highly pathogenic viruses examined conformed to the amino acid motif of R-X-R/K-R at the cleavage site which is considered to be essential for high pathogenicity in chickens, with the notable exception of highly pathogenic virus A/turkey/England/50-92/91 (H5N1) which had the sequence R-K-R-K-T-R adjacent to the cleavage site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01319010
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the molecular basis of pathogenicity of the variant Newcastle disease viruses termed “pigeon PMV-1 viruses” (1994)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 134 (1994), S. 403-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The amino acid sequence at the F2/F1 cleavage site was determined for 15 strains of the so-called pigeon PMV-1 (PPMV-1) variant of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) which showed close antigenic identity, determined by their reactions with a panel of 28 monoclonal antibodies, but considerable variation in their pathogenicity for chickens. Thirteen of the isolates possessed the motif112G-R-Q-K-R-F117. This motif was seen for one virus which had initially low pathogenicity and remained unaltered when virulence of the virus for chickens was increased by bird to bird passage. The two other viruses had the sequence112R-R-Q-K-R-F117 at the cleavage site which is more typical of virulent viruses, however, pathogenicity index tests indicated that these isolates were of moderate and low pathogenicity. The nucleotide sequence coding for the HN/HN0 extension region was determined for two of the PPMV-1 isolates. In both cases a stop codon was present indicating that the product for these viruses would be HN571. We conclude that the wide variation in pathogenicity of the variant PPMV-1 for chickens is not related to variation in the amino acid motif at the F2/F1 cleavage site nor due to production of HN0 which may also influence pathogenicity. The high virulence of some of the viruses examined confirms that a double pair of basic amino acids in the region of the F2/F1 cleavage site is not necessary for the full expression of virulence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01310577
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic analysis of H7 haemagglutinin subtype influenza A viruses (2000)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 145 (2000), S. 1047-1058 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  A 945 nucleotide region (bases 76–1020) of the HA1 part of the HA gene was obtained for 31 influenza viruses of H7 subtype isolated primarily from Europe, Asia and Australia over the last 20 years. These were analysed phylogenetically and compared with sequences of the same region from 23 H7 subtype viruses available in Genbank. The overall results showed two geographically distinct lineages of North American and Eurasian viruses with major sublineages of Australian, historical European and equine viruses. Genetically related sublineages and clades within these major groups appeared to reflect geographical and temporal parameters rather than being defined by host avian species. Viruses of high and low virulence shared the same phylogenetic branches, supporting the theory that virulent viruses are not maintained as a separate entity in waterfowl.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050695
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathotyping isolates of Newcastle disease virus using antipeptide antibodies to pathotype-specific regions of their fusion and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase proteins (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 144 (1999), S. 55-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary.  Antipeptide antibodies have been evaluated for their abilities to predict the characteristics of the cleavage motifs of the fusion protein precursors (F0) of 25 isolates of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) with a range of virulences, grouped into 12 sets according to their monoclonal antibody reactivities. A Western blot format was used to show that antisera to synthetic peptides representing sequences at the C-termini of the F2-polypeptides of defined pathotypes of NDV usually distinguish between pathotypes on the basis of their Fo cleavage sequences. However, exceptions were found with three groups of virulent isolates. Protein sequencing and mass spectral analysis of the F2-polypeptide of isolate Texas GB from one of these groups, identified an anomalous cleavage/activation process which removed the amino acids required for recognition by the antisera. This probably also explained the lack of reactivity of the Roakin isolate and low reactivity of the Komarov isolate from this group. The other exceptions involved isolates in groups with cleavage region variations from the usual motif of virulent isolates or isolates with undefined cleavage motifs. Antipeptide antisera were also raised to sections of the 45 residue C-terminal extension the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase precursor (HN0) encoded by the genes of some avirulent isolates. Western blot analysis showed that positive reactions with antibodies to peptides based on sequences between residues 577 and 613 of the HN0 was evidence for the presence of an avirulent isolate but did not exclude the presence of other pathotypes. Antisera designed to target residues 569–577 detected HN0 extensions of 6 residues on isolates known to encode such extensions. These antisera also enabled differentiation of isolates with HN0 extensions of 6 residues from those with no extension, however, it was not possible to determine the virulence of isolates based on reaction with these antisera.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007050050485
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the neuraminidases of three avian paramyxoviruses (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 44 (1974), S. 28-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The hemagglutinin of the avian myxoviruses Yucaipa and Bangor show some relationship to each other, although both are unrelated to NDV-Herts. However, the neuraminidases of the three viruses are serologically distinct. The ratio of Nase to HA activity for NDV-Herts, Yucaipa and Bagor was 0.03, 0.38 and 2.28 respectively. No major differences were found in the kinetic properties of the neuraminidases of the three viruses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01242178
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphogenesis of avian infectious bronchitis virus in primary chick kidney cells (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of virology 52 (1976), S. 101-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-8798
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Primary chick kidney cells were infected with avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and examined by electron microscopy. Virus particles entered the cells by viropexis and distinction could be made between engulfment by cell processes (phagocytosis) and entry by micropinocytosis in coated transport vesicles. Virus maturation occurred by budding into either the cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum or cytoplasmic vacuoles, and evidence was obtained to suggest that the viral surface projections could be attached during the budding process. Late in infection large numbers of virus particles were present, mainly in cytoplasmic vacuoles, and the majority were released by cell lysis. Release by fusion of vacuoles with the plasma membrane was also observed, and individual virions could be transported from the endoplasmic reticulum to the surface within coated vesicles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01317869
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